Bakteriologi.ppt

8/20/2019 Bakteriologi.ppt

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Bacteria are Prokaryotes – No nucleus or

organelles bound in membranesDNA is a single circular chromosome

Cell Walls of peptidoglycan

Smaller ribosome unit

Divide by binary ssion !not mitosis"


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Bacterial chromosome and an e#tra$chromosomal

%plasmid&


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Pilli !mbriae" and 'lagella

Pilli are short( hair$like( protein) function %adherence&– stick to each other( stick to surfaces( harder to *asha*ay

Speciali+ed %se#& pilus $ con,ugation


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'lagella) comple# organ of motility( a %motor& -./0 C112

A 3 monotrichous B 3 amphitrichous C 3 lophotrichous D 3peritrichous


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4erupakan organ pergerakan Struktur mirip benang terdiri dari protein Ada 5 tipe )

67 monotrichous ! tunggal dibagian kutubsel"

87 lopotrichous !tunggal dikedua kutub sel"

97 peritrichous ! tersebar diseluruh

permukaan sel " 57 amphitrihous !banyak di satu kutub"


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Bacterial %.nvelope& – Structures on the outside

of bacteria) :lycocaly# – sugar coat( if tightly bound 3

capsule◦ Protects and prevents from drying( also protects from

phagocytes

◦ Slimy( and often a signicant component of %biolms&


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1uter membrane !outside of cell *all" found in

:ram !$" bacteria


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Bacterial Cell Wall


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1uter membrane !outside of cell *all" found in :ram !$"bacteria

:ram – bacteria have 2PS !lipopolysaccharide"( lipoprotein(and phospholipids

;hese can cause some of the symptoms of :ram – bacterialinfections !fever( shock( diarrhea"


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Alat pergerakan khusus family ;reponemataceae mis ;reponemapallidum penyebab silis

;erdapat dibagian dalam dinding selbakteri dan membungkus bakteri dariu,ung keu,ung lain

Pergerakan bakteri seperti ular


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4elekat pada permukaan dinding sel

2ebih halus dan lebih pendek dp


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;a#onomy and Bacteria)

We use Bergey=s 4anual) Based on 9 primary things) 67 Cell Wall !or lack of cell *all" – :ram reaction !>" or !$"

87 Cell 4orphology !shape" Bacillus( Coccus( Spirillum(-ibrio

97 Biochemical characteristics) sugars they ferment(en+ymes like catalase and o#idase( decarbo#ylase( etc7

4ore modern techni?ues used today to get very specic

%strains&◦ Serological groups !antigen $ antibody reactions"

◦ DNA hybridi+ation studies .#7 .7coli @6 or

◦ DNA ngerprinting A+otobacter vinelandii 689

◦ Bacterial viruses !phage typing"


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Bacterial cell %shapes& A3bacillus or pl7 bacilli B3 round(coccus( cocci pl7( in chains %Streptococcus" C7Staphylococcus – clusters D3 diplococcus .3Spirillum(spirilla pl7 !spirochete is a corkscre* shape – not sho*n"'3 vibrio( more comma shaped


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67 Spheris) Staphylococcus

Streptococcus

Diplococcus pneumoniae Neisseria 87 Batang ) a7 lurus

b7 bengkok 97 Spiral


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87 Batang ! basil" ) batang lurus $$EF fam.nterobacteriaceae) .7coli(Salmonella typhi(Glebsiella pneumonia7

F'amily bacillaceae) genus Clostridium(genus Bacillus )Bacillus antra#

Batang bengkok ) Campilobakter pilori(-ibrio kholera


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97 Spiral ) ;reponema pallidum silis

;reponema pallidula patek

Borellia reccurentis demambolak balik


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67 .ksotoksin

87 .ndotoksin

97 .nterotoksin

57 Peptidoglikan


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A7 Eksotoksin) diekskresi oleh selhidup$$E dilepas untuk aktitas biologi7Gonsentrasi tinggi pd media perbenihan

Dihasilkan oleh bakteri :ram positifdan :ram negatif

/elatif tidak stabil$$Etoksisitas cepathilang pd H@IC7

Sangat antigenik7 Sangat toksik dan biasanya tidak

menyebabkan demam pada inang


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;oksin Clostridium tetani( C botulinum( Cdifteri( C perfringens

B7 .nterotoksin$$E - kolera( Stalokokus

aureus ! daging( susu( makanan lain" C7 .ndotoksin$$E2ipopolisakharida bakteri

:ram neg !2PS" D7 Peptidoglikan bakteri :ram positif$$E

perubahan vaskuler$$E syok


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Merupakan bagian dinding sel Gramnegatif.

Dilepas ketika kuman mati Tidak

perlu dilepas untuk aktitaspertumbuhan. Relatif stabil tahan panas > 60°

ber!am !am "mmunogenik lemah ukup toksis


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Sulit dirusak Bakteri :ram !>"$$E endospora Sporulasi J pembentukan spora$$E bila

nutrisi essensial untuk pertumbuhankurang7

4en,adi bakteri lagiJvegetatif! germinasi" bila ) nutrisi essesnsial

terpenuhi7 Bukan untuk reproduksi


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Kmumnya dengan membelah diri 3binnary ssion

;er,adi secara transversal


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4erupakan lipatan Jlekukan Jfoldingmemb sitoplasma

Bakteri :ram !>" E :ram !$" ;empat dimulainya proses pembelahanselJ binary ssion


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Binary ssion ) transversal dimulai dengan elongasi danperlekukan membran sitoplasma bagian tengah sekattransversal 8 anak sel

Doubling time J generation time ) *aktu pembelahan 6$9 ,am7 Bisa L 8@ menit ) . coli E 6 ,am ) 4 tbc Pembentukan tunas atau cabang ) streptomises Pembentukan lamen) aemophyllus in


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Bakteri pertamameman,ang t,d

replikasikromosom DNA invaginasi

dinding sel

terbentuk 8 sel


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Bacteria divide by %binary ssion&

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