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Evaluating Well Integrity
Dominic DieseruProduct Line Manager Wireline & TCP - United
KingdomDecomworld - 28th Feb 2013 Ardoe House
2013 BAKER HUGHES INCORPORATED. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. TERMS AND
CONDITIONS OF USE: BY ACCEPTING THIS DOCUMENT, THE RECIPIENT AGREES
THAT THE DOCUMENT TOGETHER WITH ALL INFORMATION INCLUDED THEREIN IS
THE CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY PROPERTY OF BAKER HUGHES
INCORPORATED AND INCLUDES VALUABLE TRADE SECRETS AND/OR PROPRIETARY
INFORMATION OF BAKER HUGHES (COLLECTIVELY "INFORMATION"). BAKER
HUGHES RETAINS ALL RIGHTS UNDER COPYRIGHT LAWS AND TRADE SECRET
LAWS OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AND OTHER COUNTRIES. THE
RECIPIENT FURTHER AGREES THAT THE DOCUMENT MAY NOT BE DISTRIBUTED,
TRANSMITTED, COPIED OR REPRODUCED IN WHOLE OR IN PART BY ANY MEANS,
ELECTRONIC, MECHANICAL, OR OTHERWISE, WITHOUT THE EXPRESS PRIOR
WRITTEN CONSENT OF BAKER HUGHES, AND MAY NOT BE USED DIRECTLY OR
INDIRECTLY IN ANY WAY DETRIMENTAL TO BAKER HUGHES INTEREST.
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Agenda
Casing Inspection Services Flux Leakage - Micro & High
Resolution Vertilog Service
Imaging Caliper
Electromagnetic Measurements - Digital Magnelog
Ultra Sonics
Advanced Cement Bond Log Segmented Bond Tool
Combined Interpretation Solutions
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What is the condition of your casing and tubing ?
Casing Inspection Systems
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Evaluate Condition Of Casing Strings Mechanical
Evaluate Collapse Locate Splits Locate Separated pipe Locate
Subs, Mandrels, Collars, and other Hardware. Locate Holes &
Perforations Locating a Packer Seat Evaluate Tubing/Casing Prior to
Workover
Corrosion Determine Condition of casing due to Corrosion Monitor
Corrosion Rate Determine Effectiveness of Corrosion Inhibition
Casing Problems
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Features, Advantages & Benefits
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Magnetic Flux Leakage Measurement
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Micro Vertilog & Digital Vertilog - Benefits
Discriminates corrosion type : isolated annular general
corrosion.
Detects small corrosion pits on both the inside and outside
Discriminates between actual corrosion and well completion
equipment.
Analysis provides a corrosion map, for easy Interpretation
Provides depth and % penetration, as low as 3/8 @ 30%
penetration
Provides multiple overlapping measurements for complete 360
degree circumferential analysis.
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Vertilog Pad Sensors
FL Passive Coils: Measure any Flux Leakage;
Signal Amplitude is proportional to % of penetration
EC active coils: Generate a 10 khz magnetic field to induce
eddie currents on the internal surface of casing
EC SIGNAL
FL SIGNAL
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9CourtesyTexas Gas Transmission LLC
Well # 15842
Acquisition & Field Deliverable
MV32 Data Acquisition
MVRT-Type Deliverable
Standard Log Format
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Several external pits interconnected, observe the response of EC
discriminator
Example Micro Vertilog
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Efficiency.Data accuracy.People-oriented service
.148
.188
Two external pits.Lower pit real penetration is .188ins DVRT
tool reading is 0.201ins 93%. accurate.Upper pit real penetration
is 0.148ins tool reading is 0.155 ins 96% accurate.
Example Digital Vertilog
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Summary - Magnetic Flux Leakage
Advantages Internal/External Defects Fast - 120 ft/min 100%
Coverage FL & DIS Safe
No Harm to Tubular or Coating
Robust Immune to Scale/Paraffin Works in any Fluid or Gas
Improving Signal/Noise with Increasing Corrosion
Disadvantages Indirect Measurement Poor Sensitivity to:
Axially Oriented DefectsMechanical Deformation
Speed dependent
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Features, Advantages & Benefits
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Speed independent Increased logging speed (~200/min) means less
time on the well Able to log slower through well head results in
safer operation
Increased dynamic range of instrument allows for the operation
in a variety of downhole conditions
Ability to operate in greater range of casing weights Ability to
negotiate casing patches and provide inspection
No external wiring Reduced tool maintenance Reduced down time on
well site
High Resolution FL Measurement
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Increased circumferential and axial resolution More sensors
144 FL , 48 DIS in 4 tool 144 FL , 48 DIS in 5 5 tool 288 FL ,
96 DIS in 7 9 tool
Smaller sensors (1 coil to 0.25 Hall Sensors) Multi-axial
Sensors
Results in better defect description Quantifiable defect
description
Field verifiable calibration Increased accuracy for length,
width and depth of penetration
determination Results in better input into burst pressure
calculations Data base output for long term data storage and
integration into other
data systems
HR Vertilog
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HRVT - Tool Specifications
Length = 15.5 ft to 19.75ftWeight = 310 Lbs.Tool OD = 3 5/8 in
to 5 in Maximum Temperature = 350 DegF.Maximum Pressure = 15000
psi.Minimum Casing ID = 4.5 inMaximum Casing OD = 9 5/8 inMaximum
Logging Speed = 200 ft/min.
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Advanced Analysis using information from three axes of MFL data
to determine length, width and depth of penetration of
features.
Depth Based Analysis Length, Width, Depth Of Penetration
Pressures Based Analysis (Based on Client Selected
Parameters)
Four commonly used formulae to determine Casing Burst
Pressure
Barlow, Canadian Z341, B31G, Modified B31G
The HR Vertilog Final Report provides detailed information on
each feature in the well.
HR Vertilog - Analysis
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High-Resolution Analysis
Circumferential
Radial
Axial
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Case History
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Features, Advantages & Benefits
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Casing sizes 2 3/8 to 20
Image Caliper
Applications
Pipe Ovality Casing Deformation Total Metal Loss Max/Min
Penetration Orientation and Inclination Pitting/Corrosion Splitting
Collar Inspection Pipe Wear
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Scale/Header Section
All Curves displayed in raw data format
Casing collar response profile
Min / Max Presentation
Wellsite Log Output
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Rotational Display
On-Screen Data Reference
Closure Port Sleeve
Nominal ID
Larger ID
OD Reference
Smaller ID
3D Image CD
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X-Sectioned Display
Nominal ID
Feature Identification
3D Image CD
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Summary Imaging Caliper
Advantages Direct Contact with Pipe
If Caliper sees it, its there Good Defect Depth Resolution
Detection of Axially Oriented Metal
Loss such as Drill Pipe or Rod Wear
Provides Direct Measurement of Pipe Geometry/Weight Changes
Disadvantages Internal Only Corrosion Products and Other
Deposits Can Fill Defects Pits Can Fall Between Fingers Possible
Damage to Pipe
Coating/Inhibition Layer
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Features, Advantages & Benefits
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Eddy Current
Phase Shift
Eddy Current
Phase Shift
Electromagnetic Measurement
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Determines joints of casing with different weights and
thickness.
Locates casing collars ,shoe of outside casing strings and other
casing hardware on the inner string e.g. scratchers and
centralizers.
Locates casing erosion and discriminates between external or
internal metal loss.
Locates casing holes larger than 2in diameter
Locates severe anomalies on outside string of pipe when run
aloneor when run in combination with other casing evaluation
surveys.
Digital Magnelog - Applications
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Tool Diameter 3.63in, 5.53 in or 8.0 in Temperature 350 DegF
Pressure Rating 20,000 psi Measurement Range 4 in to 13 in Minimum
Casing OD 4 in Maximum Casing OD 13 3/8 in Accuracy 10% in Single
String
20% in Multiple Strings Repeatability within 5%
Digital Magnelog Tool Specifications
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Digital Magnelog
Visual Response to Severe Metal Loss
from Field Data
Parted Casing
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Advantages Internal/External Defects General Wall Thinning
Detects Changes in Multi String
Applications (Qualitative Only) Detection of Axially Oriented
Metal
Loss such as Drill Pipe or Rod Wear.
Detects Pipe Weight Changes
Disadvantages Poor Defect Resolution
Defects Must be Greater than Two (2) Inches
Defects Can not be Quantified Poor Circumferential
Resolution
Summary Electromagnetic Measurement
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Features, Advantages & Benefits
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Ultrasonic Measurement Principle of Operation Rotating Acoustic
Transducer:
Produces High Frequency Signal At or Near Resonate Frequency
of
Casing
Measurement Of: Amplitude & Travel Time of Signal Impedance
of Borehole Fluid
Detailed Images of: Internal Radius Casing Thickness Internal
and External Defects
100% Coverage
Direct Measurement of Casing Thickness.
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Identification and Quantification of Casing Corrosion
Identifies Holes in Casing and Perforated Intervals
Estimation of Casing Damage Caused by Milling or Fishing
Operations.
Corrosion or Damage Characterized According to Remaining Metal
Thickness
Internal or External Metal Loss
Casing Profile and Casing Weight Changes
Digital CBIL - Applications
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Joint Identification and Depth
Internal Radius of pipe and Pipe Amplitude Image
Presentation
Pipe Thickness and Image Presentation
Digital CBIL - Field Examples
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Advantages Internal/External Defects Very Good Remaining
Wall
Thickness Measurement Detects Axially Oriented
Defects Direct Measure of Casing
Thickness
Disadvantages Sensitive to Borehole Medium Sensitive to
Eccentricity Clear & Stationary Fluid Only No Dispersive
Particulates /
Bubbles in Fluid Diffraction at Pipe Surface
Due to Scaling/Corrosion Products
Absorption at Pipe Surface due to Wax/Hydrates
Slow Logging Speed Decreasing Signal/Noise ratio
as Corrosion Increases
Summary Ultrasonic Measurements
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Features, Advantages & Benefits
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SBT - Tool Measurement
The Segmented Bond Tool (SBT) service provides quantitative
analysis of the cement bond in six 60 segments for 360 borehole
coverage, simplifying interpretation and cutting remedial cementing
and logging costs.
Simultaneous 5ft VDL measurement provides indication of cement
to formation bond.
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SBT - Tool Specifications
Length = 68 ft.Weight = 1050 Lbs.Tool OD = 3 3/8 inMaximum
Temperature = 350 DegF.Maximum Pressure = 20000 psi.Minimum Casing
ID = 4.5 inMaximum Casing OD = 24 in with extended armsMaximum
Logging Speed = 36 ft/min.
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Segmented Measurements
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SBT - Benefits
True 360 Coverage (NOT point samples) Positively locates
channelling and cement voids
Can Log multiple casing size in one run, saving rig time.
No mud weight limits or light weight fluids limits.
Transmitters and Receivers in direct contact with casing
Insensitive to Fast Formations
Compensated attenuation measurement Corrects for poor
TransmitterReceiver contacts in rough casing
Relatively immune to decentralization High quality data in
deviated wells.
2 measurements simultaneously: Pads - Quantitative analysis of
cement bond to the casing
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Cement Compressive Strength Chart Class G Cement
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3000psi
Low Impedance Cement Interpretation
3000psi
Light Weight Cements Reduce the Dynamic Range of all Bond Log
Measurements
Example only Do not use for Interpretation.
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3000psi
3000psi
Heavyweight Casing
3000psi
Light Weight Cements + Heavy Wall casing Significantly Reduce
the Dynamic Range of all Bond Log Measurements !!
Example only Do not use for Interpretation.
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SBT Presentation1.
Line Speed / Tension Gamma Ray DTMN and DTMX Casing Collar
Locator
2. Six individual
attenuation responses Relative bearing curve
(Shows Low Side)
3. Attenuation average Attenuation minimum
4. Cement map
5. Variable density log
1 2 3 4 5
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BondViewSM
Alternative Geoscience
Analysis
Re-scale cement map to strength
Filter out casing signalFormation
NB. Requires a cement impedance input
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Interpretative Solutions
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Combination Service
Majority of our casing inspection and cement evaluation tools
can be ran in combination with other tools saving rig time.
SBT HRVRT Cement & Corrosion SBT MFC Cement &
Multifinger Caliper SBT RPM Cement & Saturation logs SBT MVRT
Cement & Corrosion
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Interpretative Solutions
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Remedial Solutions & Options
TeliCoil & Cameras
MPC Mechanical Pipe Cutter
Straddles
Perforate & SqueezeUsing Customized charges
Plugs & Retainers.
Liquid Stone 2013 Baker Hughes Incorporated. All Rights
Reserved.52
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Summary
Flux Leakage Measurements - MicroVertilog, DigitalVertilog&
High Resolution Vertilog Services.
Imaging Calipers - Multi Finger Caliper
Electromagnetic Measurements - Digital Magnelog
Ultra Sonics - Digital Circumferential Borehole Image
Advanced Cement Evaluation - Segmented Bond Tool
Combined Service & Interpretative products 2013 Baker Hughes
Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.53
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QuestionsThanks
- Casing Inspection & Cement Evaluation
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