1 Baja California State Climate Action Plan Phase 1 – Identification of priority options for mitigating greenhouse gas emissions August 2011 Introduction and Background The Government of the State of Baja California, through the Commission for Ecology and Sustainable Development (Comisión de Ecología y Desarrollo Sustentable, CEDES) and with the participation of a broad sector of the community and federal government agencies, is developing the State Climate Action Plan (SCAP). The purpose of the SCAP is to outline a statewide strategy to mitigate (reduce) greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions that contribute to climate change throughout the state and to implement measures to adapt to climate change effects expected in Baja California. The SCAP complements the strategies and measures identified by the Special Climate Change Program (Programa Especial de Cambio Climático, PECC) at the federal level. It focuses primarily on actions that Baja California can and should implement at the state level, in some cases in coordination with federal agencies. The SCAP is being developed in coordination with the National Institute of Ecology (Instituto Nacional de Ecología, INE) in order to comply with requirements established by the agency for state plans. The SCAP's development process can be summarized in four main steps: GHG emissions inventory and projections GHG emissions mitigation measures Climate change adaptation measures Development of the SCAP document To date, the State of Baja California has completed the development of the GHG emissions inventory and projections, and is in the process of evaluating and selecting GHG emissions mitigation policies. This document is a report of the first phase of this last activity. The evaluation of mitigation measures, which represents the second phase, has been proposed for the second half of 2011, contingent upon the availability of the required funding. The development of this phase of the SCAP received the support of the Border Environment Cooperation Commission (BECC) through technical assistance provided under the Border 2012
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Baja California State Climate Action Plan
Phase 1 – Identification of priority options for mitigating greenhouse gas emissions
August 2011
Introduction and Background
The Government of the State of Baja California, through the Commission for Ecology and
Sustainable Development (Comisión de Ecología y Desarrollo Sustentable, CEDES) and with
the participation of a broad sector of the community and federal government agencies, is
developing the State Climate Action Plan (SCAP). The purpose of the SCAP is to outline a
statewide strategy to mitigate (reduce) greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions that contribute to
climate change throughout the state and to implement measures to adapt to climate change
effects expected in Baja California.
The SCAP complements the strategies and measures identified by the Special Climate Change
Program (Programa Especial de Cambio Climático, PECC) at the federal level. It focuses
primarily on actions that Baja California can and should implement at the state level, in some
cases in coordination with federal agencies. The SCAP is being developed in coordination with
the National Institute of Ecology (Instituto Nacional de Ecología, INE) in order to comply with
requirements established by the agency for state plans.
The SCAP's development process can be summarized in four main steps:
GHG emissions inventory and projections
GHG emissions mitigation measures
Climate change adaptation measures
Development of the SCAP document
To date, the State of Baja California has completed the development of the GHG emissions
inventory and projections, and is in the process of evaluating and selecting GHG emissions
mitigation policies. This document is a report of the first phase of this last activity. The
evaluation of mitigation measures, which represents the second phase, has been proposed for the
second half of 2011, contingent upon the availability of the required funding.
The development of this phase of the SCAP received the support of the Border Environment
Cooperation Commission (BECC) through technical assistance provided under the Border 2012
Final Report Baja California SCAP: Phase 1 2011-08-31
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Program and funded by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA). BECC is a
binational organization created by the governments of the United States and Mexico to preserve,
protect, and improve the environmental and human health conditions of the U.S.-Mexico border
region. In regard to climate change, BECC has supported the development of SCAPs in Mexican
border states by establishing coordination and training activities and providing technical
assistance funding. In the particular case of Baja California, BECC provided technical assistance
for the development of the emissions inventory and projections, and for the first phase of the
evaluation and selection of mitigation measures presented in this report.
The achievements made to date with the emissions inventory and selection of priority mitigation
policies have advanced the goals of the Border 2012 Program, particularly the Objective 2,
which aims to reduce air pollution by selecting policy actions that result in GHG emissions
reductions.
Objectives
The process for evaluating and selecting emission mitigation measures can be summarized in
two phases:
Phase 1- Identification of priority policy options for mitigating greenhouse gases
Phase 2 – Design and quantification of costs, benefits, and macroeconomic impacts of
priority policy options, and final recommendations
The purpose of this document is to present the methodology used and the results of Phase 1 of
this process.
An important achievement in this phase, in addition to the prioritization of mitigation options,
was the establishment of an Advisory Group (AG) and five (5) Technical Work Groups that
established and validated the master catalog of mitigation options specific to Baja California.
Advisory Group and Technical Work Groups
The SCAP Advisory Group (AG) was summoned by the State Governor through the Secretariat
for Environmental Protection (Secretaría de Protección al Ambiente) and was supplemented
with additional members in order to broaden the participation of other sectors of the community.
As shown in Table 1, the AG contributes a wide range of perspectives and interests to the
process, including those of federal, state, and local government agencies, the private sector,
academia, and non-governmental organizations.
The AG was responsible for identifying and validating the set of policy options to be considered
for inclusion in the SCAP.
Final Report Baja California SCAP: Phase 1 2011-08-31
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Table 1. Members of the Advisory Group
Additionally, five Technical Work Groups (TWG) were established, composed of a diverse
range of representatives of the community, including the government, academic, private, and
social sectors. Exhibit I presents a list of the members of each TWG. The function of the TWGs
was to review an initial catalog of policy options, add other options to the catalog, and issue
recommendations to the AG; however, the TWGs do not have decision-making authority. The
five TWGs created were:
Energy Supply (generation) – power and heat generation, with a primary focus, in the case of
Baja California, on the generation and distribution of electricity and hydrocarbon transportation.
Residential, Commercial, and Industrial (energy use) – energy efficiency in the residential,
commercial, and industrial sectors, including government offices; and the release of GHGs from
non-fuel industrial processes.
Transportation and Urban Development – vehicle efficiency, alternative fuels, mass transit, and
fuel demand reduction programs, including planning and urban development strategies.
NAME INSTITUTION
Tereza Cavazos Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada
JesúsZatarain Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada
Luis Vargas Comisión Estatal de Servicios Públicos de Ensenada
Fernando Zarzosa Comisión Estatal del Agua de Baja California
Arturo Jiménez Trejo Gobierno de Baja California
José Zavala Colegio de la Frontera Norte
Rubén Lara Lara Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada
Jaime Reyes Universidad Autónoma de Baja California
Sarah Martínez Pellegrini Colegio de la Frontera Norte
Alma Arreola Universidad Autónoma de Baja California
Modesto Ortiz Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada
Alejandro Lambert Arista Universidad Autónoma de Baja California
Tezozomoc Guillen Comisión Estatal de Energía
Gabriela Muñoz Colegio de la Frontera Norte
Carlos Alvarado Secretaría de Protección al Ambiente
Gabriel Márquez Servicios Tecnológicos de Ahorro en Energía (SAYAB)
Saúl Guzmán García Secretaría de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales
Ramona Romero Universidad Autónoma de Baja California
Néstor Santillán Universidad Autónoma de Baja California
María de los Ángeles Santos Universidad Autónoma de Baja California
Ruth Rosa Gómez Haciendo Lo Necesario A.C.
Rafael García Cueto Universidad Autónoma de Baja California
Final Report Baja California SCAP: Phase 1 2011-08-31
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Agriculture, Livestock, Forestry, and Waste– soil protection, energy conservation and energy
efficiency in agriculture and livestock farming, reforestation, sustainable forestry, bioenergy,
sustainable wood products, waste reduction and recycling.
Cross-Cutting Policy Issues – emissions reporting and registries, public education, state goals,
state government "leading by example," social and gender equity in climate change policies.
The first four TWGs represent sectors of the economy, while the Cross-Cutting Issues TWG,
as its name implies, covers issues that are relevant to all sectors.
Additionally, each TWG received the assistance of a facilitator from the Center for Climate
Strategies (CCS). The figure below shows the relationship between the AG and the TWGs.
Methodology
Process for identification, prioritization, and selection of options
The process for evaluating and selecting priority options was led by SPA, and included the active
participation of 35 representatives from all sectors of the community who sat on the Advisory
Group (22 representatives) and the Technical Work Groups (13 representatives, in addition to the
AG). CCS provided technical support and facilitated the process.
The process consists of a total of 10 steps. The first 4 steps are reflected in Phase 1 herein, while
the six remaining steps will be implemented in Phase 2. Below is a summary of these steps.
Advisory Group (AG)
TWG
Energy Supply
TWG Residential,
Commercial, and Industrial
TWG Transportation and Urban Development
TWG Agriculture,
Livestock, Forestry & Waste
TWG Cross-Cutting
Issues
AG Member
CCS Facilitator
Local Facilitator
Technical Experts
Final Report Baja California SCAP: Phase 1 2011-08-31
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Step 1:Organization and Establishment of the Advisory Group and Technical Work Groups
As described in the previous section, the Advisory Group was comprised of 22 members who
represent the diversity of sectors in the state. The AG is responsible for guiding the process for
the selection of alternatives and issuing a series of final recommendations to the State Governor
to be incorporated to the SCAP. This first step also included the review of a base catalog of
mitigation options to be considered during the process. The base catalog was provided by CCS
and represents a compilation of about 340 policy options that have resulted from the
implementation of this process in many state plans throughout the United States. Each of these
policies included a description and a preliminary qualitative estimation of their mitigation
potential and cost.
Step 2: Review of the GHG Emissions Inventory and Projections
The GHG emissions inventory and projections were developed in 2009 by SPA and CCS, as well
as multiple federal government agencies. This step of the process allowed the AG and the TWG
to become familiar with the inventory and provided them a tool for prioritizing mitigation
measures.
Step 3: Expansion of the Policy Options Base Catalog
As stated above, the base catalog is a compendium of about 340 policy options; it provides a
preliminary qualitative estimation of each of the options' mitigation potential and cost per ton.
The base catalog was reviewed by the TWGs with the purpose of discussing the feasibility and
relevance of these options for Baja California; identifying additional potential options that should
be included in the catalog, based on the group's knowledge of the particular features of Baja
California; and making comments and annotations about the mitigation potential, cost per ton,
externalities, feasibility considerations, and related actions throughout the state. These actions
resulted in a revised catalog for Baja California, from which options for the state were
prioritized.
Table 2 presents the number of options included for each sector in the original catalog. The base
catalog may be downloaded from the project's website
(http://www.bccambioclimatico.mx/spn/GTACC.cfm).
Table 2. Policy Options included in the catalog for each sector
Sector Number of catalog options
Energy Supply (generation) 49
Residential, Commercial, and Industrial (energy use) 72
Transportation and Urban Development 112
Agriculture, Livestock, Forestry, and Waste 67
Cross-Cutting Policy Issues 37
TOTAL 337
Step 4:Priority Options for Future Review
Once the catalog of options was reviewed and expanded, the group proceeded to prioritize the
options with the best prospect of success in the state. SPA commissioned CCS to combine the
input from various SCAP stakeholders to date and produce a refined catalog of mitigation policy