PHNG PHP 1. PHNG PHP BO TON KHI LNG
Cu 1. un nng 58(g) magi hidroxit n khi lng khng i thu c cht rn c
khi lng so vi ban u :A. Tng 18(g) B. Gim 40(g) C. Gim 18 (g) D. Tng
40(g) Cu 2. Ho tan 9,14 g hn hp Cu, Fe, Al bng ddHCl d thu c 7,84lt
kh A(kc) v 2,54g cht rn B v dd C. Khi lng mui c trong dd C l : A.
3,99g B. 33,25g C. 31,45g D. 3,145g Cu 3. Cho 2,1 g hn hp gm Mg, Fe
v Zn tc dng ht vi dung dch HCl, thy thot ra 1,12l H2 ktc. Khi lng
mui khan to ra khi c cn dung dch l: A. 5,65g B. 7,75g C. 11,3g D.
10,3g Cu 4. (TS H khi A 2007): Ha tan hon ton 3,22 gam hn hp X gm
Fe, Mg, Zn bng mt lng va dung dch H2SO4 long, thu c 1,344 lt kh H2
(kc) v dung dch cha m gam mui. Gi tr ca m l: A. 8,98 gam B. 9,52
gam C. 10,27 gam D. 7,25 gam Cu 5. (Cu 10 TSH khi A 2007 m 182):
Cho 15,6 gam hn hp hai ancol (ru) n chc, k tip nhau trong dy ng ng
tc dng ht vi 9,2 gam Na, thu c 24,5 gam cht rn. Hai ancol l A.
C3H5OH v C4H7OH B. C2H5OH v C3H7OH C. C3H7OH v C4H9OH D. CH3OH v
C2H5OH Cu 6. (Cu 45 TSH khi A 2007 m 182): Ha tan ha ton 2,81 gam
hn hp gm Fe2O3, MgO, ZnO trong 500 ml H2SO4 0,1 M (va ). Sau phn
ng, hn hp mui sunfat khan thu c khi c cn dung dch c khi lng l A.
6,81 g B. 4,81 g C. 3,81 g D. 5,81 g Cu 7. kh hon ton 17,6g hn hp
Fe, FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4 cn va 2,24 lt CO(ktc). Khi lng Fe thu c sau
phn ng l: A. 15g. B. 16g. C. 18g. D. 15,3g. Cu 8. Cho t t mt lung
kh CO i qua ng s ng m gam hn hp gm Fe, FeO, Fe3O4, Fe2O3 un nng thu
c 64 gam st, khi i ra sau phn ng cho i qua dung dch Ca(OH)2 d c 40
gam kt ta. Tm m ? S: 70,4 gam. Cu 9. Cho t t mt lung kh CO i qua ng
s ng m gam hn hp gm Fe, FeO, Fe3O4, Fe2O3 un nng thu c 64g st, kh i
ra sau phn ng cho i qua dd Ca(OH)2 d c 40g kt ta. Tnh m. (S: m =
70,4g) Cu 10. t chy 1mol Fe trong khng kh d thu c 1mol oxit st. Cng
thc ca oxit st l : A. Fe2O3 B. Fe3O4 C. FeO D. khng d kin xc nh Cu
11. Hn hp A gm 0,1 mol etilen glicol v 0,2 mol cht X. t chy hn hp A
cn 21,28lt O2 ( ktc) v thu c 35,2g CO2 v 19,8g H2O. Tnh khi lng phn
t X. Cu 12. Ho tan 10g hn hp hai mui cacbonat kim loi ho tr 2 v 3
bng dd HCl ta thu c dd A v 0,672 lt kh bay ra ( ktc). Hi c cn dd A
th thu c bao nhiu gam mui khan? Cu 13. un dd cha 10g xt v 20g cht
bo. Sau khi kt thc phn ng x phng ho, ly 1/10 dd thu c em trung ho
bng dd HCl 0,2M thy tn ht 90ml dd axit. Tnh lng xt cn x phng ho 1
tn cht bo. T 1 tn cht bo c th iu ch c bao nhiu glixerin v x phng
nguyn cht? Tnh M ca cc axit trong thnh phn cht bo. Cu 14. un 132,8
g hn hp 3 ru no, n chc vi H 2SO4 c 1400C thu c 111,2g hn hp cc ete
trong cc ete c s mol bng nhau. Tnh s mol mi ete. (S :
1,2 = 0,2 mol.) 6( S: mmui = 26g
Cu 15. Ho tan hon ton 23,8g hn hp gm mt mui cacbonat ca kim loi
ho tr I v mt mui cacbonat ca kim loi hotr II vo dd HCl thu c 0,2mol
kh CO 2. Tnh khi lng mui mi to ra trong dung dch. )
Cu 16.
Cho 57,5 gam hon hp gom ACO3, B2CO3, X2CO3, M2(CO3)3 tac dung
het vi HCl d, thay thoat ra 11,2 lt CO2 (ktc). Khoi lng muoi clorua
thu c sau phan ng la A. 63 g B.126 g C.67g D.120g Cu 17. Cho 115
gam hn hp mui (RCO3, M2CO3, N2(CO3)3) tc dng ht vi dung dch HCl d
thu c 0,896 lt kh CO2 (ktc).C cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c khi lng
mui l A. 120 gam B. 120,5 gam C. 115,44 gam D. 115,22 gam Cu 18.
Cho 20 gam hn hp mt s mui cacbonat tc dng ht vi dung dch HCl d thu
c 1,344 lt kh CO 2 (ktc) v dung dch A. C cn dung dch A thu c m gam
mui khan. Gi tr ca m l A. 10,33 gam B. 20,66 gam C. 25,32 gam D. 30
gam Cu 19. Cho 23,8 gam hn hp hai mui cacbonat ca hai kim loi A, B
tc dng ht vi dung dch HCl d thu c V lt kh CO2 (ktc) v dung dch A.
Dn ton b CO2 vo dd nc vi trong d th thu c 20 gam kt ta. C cn dung
dch A thu c m gam mui khan. Gi tr ca m l A. 26 gam B. 30 gam C. 23
gam D. 27 gam
1
Cu 20. Cho m gam hn hp hai mui cacbonat ca hai kim loi A, B tc
dng ht vi dung dch HCl d thu c 4,48 lt kh CO2(ktc) v dung dch A. C
cn dung dch A thu c 26 gam mui khan. Gi tr ca m l A. 23,8 gam B.
25,2 gam C. 23,8 gam D. 27,4 gam Cu 21. Cho 2,84 gam hn hp hai mui
cacbonat ca hai kim loi A, B tc dng ht vi dung dch HCl d thu c V lt
kh CO 2 (ktc) v dung dch A. C cn dung dch A thu c 3,17 gam mui
khan. Gi tr ca V l A. 0,672 lt B. 2,24 lt C. 11,2 lt D. 3,36 lt Cu
22. Cho 24,4 gam hn hp gm K2CO3 v Na2CO3 tc dng va vi dung dch
BaCl2. Sau phn ng thu c 39,4 gam kt ta. Lc kt ta, c cn dung dch thu
c a gam mui khan. Gi tr ca a l A. 26,6 gam B. 20,1 gam C. 30,2 gam
D. 25,6 gam Cu 23. Ho tan hon ton 3,34 gam hn hp hai mui cacbonat
trung ha ca hai kim loi ha tr II v III bng dung dch HCl d th thu c
dung dch A v 0,896 lt bay ra (ktc). Khi lng mui c trong dung dch A
l A. 31,8 gam B. 3,78 gam C. 4,15 gam D. 4,23 gam Cu 24. Nhit phn
9,4g mt mui nitrat kim loi A n khi phn ng xy ra hon ton th thu c
cht rn c khi lng 4g . Xc nh cng thc phn t ca mui. p s: Cu(NO3)2 Cu
25. t chy hon ton 0,1 mol hirocacbon A bng 6,72 lit O2 (kc) th thu
c 8,8g CO2 v 3,6g H2O . Tm phn t lng A. (p s: 28) Cu 26. Cho 4g kim
loi tan ht trong dd HCl th thu c 2,24 lt H2 (kc). Tm khi lng mui to
thnh. (p s : 11,1 g) Cu 27. Nung 8,4g st trong khng kh th thu c
11,6g oxit st. Tnh s mol O2 tham gia phn ng. Tm cng thc oxit st. (p
s: Oxit st l : Fe3O4) Cu 28. Nung 9,4g mui M(NO3)n trong bnh kn c V
= 0,5 lt cha kh N2. Nhit v p sut trong bnh trc khi nung l 0,984 atm
v 27oC. Sau khi nung mui b nhit phn ht cn li 4g oxit M2On , a v
27oC p sut trong bnh l p. Tnh nguyn t khi ca M v p sut p. (p s: M l
Cu (64)) Cu 29. Dn lung kh CO i qua ng s c cha m gam hn hp rn X gm
CuO v Fe2O3 un nng. Sau mt thi gian trong ngs cn li n gam hn hp rn
Y. Kh thot ra c hp th bng dd Ca(OH)2 d thu c p gam kt ta. Vit cc
phng trnh phn ng c th xy ra v lp biu thc lin h gia m, n, p. p s: m
= n + 0,16p Cu 30. t chy hon ton m gam cht hu c A cn 2,24 lt kh oxi
(kc) ri dn ton b sn phm chy gm (CO2, H2O) vo bnh ng dung dch
Ca(OH)2 d thy khi lng bnh tng 4,2 gam, ng thi xut hin 7,5 gam kt
ta. Gi tr ca m l A. 3,2 gam B. 1,0 gam C. 1,5 gam D. 1,8 gam Cu 31.
un nng 5,8 gam hn hp A gm C2H2 v H2 trong bnh kn vi xc tc thch hp,
sau phn ng thu c hn hp kh X. Dn hn hp kh X qua bnh ng dung dch brm
d thy khi lng bnh tng 1,4 gam v cn li hn hp kh Y. Khi lng ca hn hp
kh Y l bao nhiu gam? (S: 4,4 gam) Cu 32. un nng hn hp X gm 0,5 mol
C2H2 v 0,7 mol H2. Nung nng hn hp mt thi gian vi bt Ni c hn hp Y.
Dn Y qua bnh ng nc brm d thy cn li 4,48 lt (kc) hn hp kh Z c t khi
i vi khng kh bng 1. Khi lng bnh nc brm tng l bao nhiu gam? (S: 8,6
gam) Cu 33. t chy hon ton a gam hn hp hai ancol cng thuc dy ng ng
ca ancol etylic th thu c 70, 4 gam CO2 v 39,6 gam H2O. Gi tr ca a l
A. 50,2 gam B. 33,2 gam C. 110,0 gam D. 23,6 gam Cu 34. Cho 12 gam
hn hp 2 kim loi Fe, Cu tc dng va vi dung dch HNO3 63%. Sau phn ng
thu c dung dch A v 11,2 lt kh NO2 duy nht (ktc). Tnh nng % cc cht c
trong dung dch A. Cu 35. Ho tan hon ton 23,8 gam hn hp gm mt mui
cacbonat ca kim loi ho tr I v mui cacbonat ca kim loi ho tr II
trong dung dch HCl. Sau phn ng thu c 4,48 lt kh (ktc). em c cn dung
dch thu c th thu c bao nhiu gam mui khan. Cu 36. t chy hon ton 1,88
gam cht hu c A (cha C, H, O) cn 1,904 lt O 2 (ktc) v thu c kh CO2
cng hi nc theo t l th tch 4:3. Hy xc nh cng thc phn t ca A. Bit t
khi hi ca A so vi khng kh nh hn 7 Cu 37. Hn hp X gm Fe, FeO, Fe2O3.
Cho lung kh CO i qua ng s ng m gam X un nng. Sau khi kt thc th
nghim thu c 64 gam cht rn trong ng s v 11,2 lt hn hp kh B (ktc) c t
khi so H2 l 20,4. Tm m. Cu 38. Cho 0,1 mol este to bi axit 2 ln
axit v ru mt ln ru tc dng hon ton vi NaOH thu c 6,4 gam ru v mt lng
mui c khi lng nhiu hn lng este l 13,56% (so vi lng este). Tnh khi
lng mui v xc nh cng thc cu to ca este. Cu 39. Thu phn hon ton 11,44
gam hn hp 2 este n chc l ng phn ca nhau bng dung dch NaOH thu c
11,08 gam hn hp mui v 5,56 gam hn hp 2 ru. Xc nh CTCT ca este. Cu
40. un 132,8 g hn hp 3 ru no, n chc vi H 2SO4 c 1400C thu c 111,2g
hn hp cc ete c s mol bng nhau. Tnh s mol mi ete. Cu 41. Hn hp A gm
KClO3, Ca(ClO3)2, Ca(ClO2)2, CaCl2 v KCl nng 83,68 gam. Nhit phn
hon ton A ta thu c cht rn B gm CaCl2 v KCl v mt th tch O2 va oxi ho
SO2 thnh SO3 iu ch 191,1 gam dung dch H2SO4 80%. Cho cht rn B tc
dng vi 360ml dung dch K 2CO3 0,5 M (va ) thu c kt ta C v dung dch
D. Lng KCl trong dung dch D nhiu gp 22/3 ln lng KCl c trong A. Tnh
khi lng kt ta C.
2
Tnh % khi lng KClO3 c trong A. Hn hp X gm Fe, FeO v Fe2O3. Cho
lung kh CO i qua ng ng m gam hn hp X nung nng. Sau khi kt thc th
nghim thu c 64g cht rn A trong ng s v 11,2 lt kh B (ktc) c t khi so
vi hiro l m. Tnh m Cu 43. Cho 12g hn hp 2 kim loi Fe, Cu tc dng va
vi dd HNO3 63%. Sau phn ng c dung dch A v 11,2 lt NO2 duy nht
(ktc). Tnh nng % cc cht trong dung dch A. Cu 44. Ho tan 23,8g mui
cacbonat ca cc kim loi ho tr 1 v 2 trong dung dch HCl. Sau phn ng
thu c 4,48 lt kh (ktc). Tnh khi lng mui khan thu c khi c cn dung
dch. Cu 45. Hn hp A gm KClO3, Ca(ClO3)2, CaCl2 v KCl nng 83,68g.
Nhit phn hon ton A, thu c cht rn B gm CaCl2, KCl v 17,472 lt kh
(ktc). Cho B tc dng vi 360ml dung dch K 2CO3 0,5M va thu c kt ta C
v dung dch D. Khi lng KCl trong D nhiu gp 22/3 ln lng KCl c trong
A. Tnh phn trm khi lng KClO 3 c trong A. Cu 46. t chy hon ton 1,88g
cht hu c A cha C, H, O cn 1,904 lt oxi (ktc) thu c CO2 v hi nc theo
t l th tch l 4:3. Bit t khi ca A so vi khng kh nh hn 7. Xc nh CTPT
ca A. Cu 47. t chay hoan toan m gam hn hp Y: C2H6, C3H4, C4H8 thi
thu c 12,98g CO2 va 5,76g H2O. Tinh gia tri m? (ap s: 4,18g) Cu 48.
Cho 2,83g hn hp 2 ru n chc tac dung va u vi Na thi thoat ra 0,896
lit H2 (ktc) va m gam mui khan. Gia tri cua m la: Cu 49. Cho 0,1 mo
este to bi axit 2 chc v ancol n chc tc dng hon ton vi NOH thu c
6,4g ancol v lng mui c khi lng nhiu hn ca este l 13,56%. Xc nh cng
thc cu to ca este. Cu 50. Thu phn hon ton11,44g hn hp 2 este n chc
l ng phn ca nhau bng dung dch NaOH thu c 11,08g hn hp mui v 5,56g
hn hp ancol, Xc nh CTCT ca cc este. Cu 51. Chia hn hp 2 anehit no n
chc thnh 2 phn bng nhau: Phn 1 em t chy hon ton thu c 1,08g nc Phn
2 tc dng vi hiro d (Ni, t0) thu c hn hp A. Tnh th tch CO2 thu c
2730C ; 1,2atm thu c khi t chy A. Cu 52. Cho lung kh CO i qua ng s
ng 0,04mol hn hp A gm FeO v Fe 2O3 t nng. Sau khi kt thc th nghim
thu c B gm 4 cht rn nng 4,784g. Kh ra khi ng s cho hp th vo dung
dch Ba(OH)2 d c 9,062g kt ta. Tnh phn trm khi lng ca A. Cu 53. Ho
tan hon ton 9,14g hp kim Cu, Mg, Al bng 1 lng va dung dch HCl thu c
7,84 lt kh X (ktc) , 2,54g cht rn Y v dung dch Z. Lc b kt ta Y v c
cn cn thn dung dch Z. Tnh khi lng mui khan thu c. Cu 54. Trn 8,1g
Al vi 48g bt Fe2O3 ri tin hnh phn ng nhit nhm trong iu kin khng c
khng kh. Tnh khi lng cht rn thu c khi phn ng hon ton. Cu 55. Cho
24,4 g hn hp K2CO3 , Na2CO3 tc dng va vi dd BaCl2 thu c 39,4 g kt
ta , lc tch kt ta ri c cn dung dch thu c m gam mui clorua . Gi tr m
bng : A. 2,66g B. 22,6g C. 26,6g D. 6,26g Cu 56. Trn 2,7 gam bt nhm
vi 11,2 gam bt st (III) oxit cho vo bnh kn. Nung nng bnh mt thi
gian th thu c m gam cht rn. Tnh m ? A. 12,6g B. 13,3 g C. 13,9g D.
14,1 g Cu 57. Ha tan ht 6,3 gam hn hp gm Mg v Al trong va 150 ml
dung dch gm HCl 1M v H2SO4 1,5M thu c dung dch X. C cn dung dch X
th thu c bao nhiu gam mui khan? A. 30,225 g B. 33,225g C. 35,25g D.
37,25g Cu 58. Hn hp 10 gam gm hai mui cacbonat ca 2 kim loi ha tr
II c ha tan trong dung dch HCl thu c 4,48 lt kh CO2 v dung dch X. C
cn dung dch X th to ra bao nhiu gam mui khan? A. 10,2g B. 12,2g C.
14,2g D. 16,2g Cu 59. Thi mt lung kh CO d qua ng s ng hn hp Fe3O4 v
CuO nung nng n phn ng hon ton, ta thu c 2,32g hn hp kim loi. Kh
thot ra cho vo bnh ng nc vi trong d thy 5g kt ta trng. Khi lng hn
hp 2 oxit kim loai ban u l A. 3,12g B. 3,22g C. 4,52g D. 3,92g Cu
60. Cho 1,53g hn hp Mg, Cu, Zn vo dd HCl d thy thot ra 448 ml
(ktc). C cn hn hp sau phn ng ri nung khan trong chn khng s thu c mt
cht rn c khi lng A. 2,24g B. 3,9g C. 2,95g D. 1,885g Cu 61. Cho
0,52g hn hp 2 kim loi tan hon ton trong H2SO4 long d thy c 0,336 lt
kh thot ra (ktc). Khi lng hn hp mui sunfat khan thu c s l (gam) A.
2 B. 2,4 C. 3,92 D. 1,96 Cu 62. Cho 2,81g hn hp A gm 3 oxit Fe2O3,
MgO, ZnO tan va trong 300 ml dd H2SO4 0,1M th khi lng hn hp cc mui
sunfat khan to ra l: A. 3,81g B. 4,81g C. 5,21g D. 4,8g Cu 63. Thi
mt lung kh CO qua ng s ng m (gam) hn hp gm: CuO, Fe 2O3, FeO, Al2O3
nung nng, lung kh thot ra c sc vo nc vi trong d, thy c 15g kt ta
trng. Sau phn ng, cht rn trong ng s c khi lng l 215g th khi lng m
gam ca hn hp oxit ban u l: A. 217,4g B. 249g C. 219,8g D. 230g
Cu 42.
3
Cu 64. Sc kh clo vo dd hn hp cha 2 mui NaI , NaBr , un nng thu c
2,34gam NaCl . Tng s mol hn hp NaI v NaBr ban u l : A. 0,1 mol B.
0,15 mol C. 0,02 mol D. 0,04mol Cu 65. Thi 8,96 lt CO ktc qua 16
gam Fe xOy . Dn ton b kh thot sau phn ng vo dd Ca(OH) 2 d thuc 30
gam kt ta . Khi lng Fe thu c l : A. 9,2 g B. 6,4g C. 9,6g D. 11,2 g
Cu 66. Kh hon ton 32 gam hn hp CuO v Fe2O3 bng H2 thu c 9 gam H2O .
Khi lng hn hp kim loi thu A. 12 g B. 16 g C. 24 g D. 26g Cu 67. Hn
hp A gm 2 kim loi Fe v X ( ho tr khng i ) . Ho tan ht (m) gam A bng
mt lng va dd HCl thu c 1,008 lt kh KTC v dd B cha 4,575 gam mui .
Tnh m A. 1,28 g B. 1,82 g C. 1,38 g D. 1,83 g Cu 68. Ho tan m gam
hn hp gm 2 kim loi l Al v Fe trong dung dch HCl d thu c dd B v
14,56 lt H 2 ktc . Cho dd B tc dng vi dd NaOH d , kt ta em nung
ngoi kk n khi lng khng i c 16 gam cht rn . Tnh m A. 16,3 g B. 19,3
g C. 21,3 g D. 23,3 g Cu 69. Oxi ho 13,6 gam hn hp 2 kim loi thu c
m gam hn hp 2 oxit . ho tan hon ton m gam oxit ny cn 500 ml dd
H2SO4 1 M . Tnh m . A. 18,4 g B. 21,6 g C. 23,45 g D. Kt qu khc Cu
70. Ho tan 17,5 gam hp kim Zn Fe Al vo dung dch HCl thu c Vlt H2
ktc v dung dch A C cn A thu c 31,7 gam hn hp mui khan . Gi tr V l ?
A. 1,12 lt B. 3,36 lt C. 4,48 lt D. Kt qu khc Cu 71. Cho 2,49g hn
hp gm 3 kim loi Mg, Fe, Zn tan hon ton trong 500 ml dd H 2SO4 long
ta thy c 1,344 lt H2 (ktc) thot ra. Khi lng hn hp mui sunfat khan
to ra A. 4,25g B. 8,25g C. 5,37g D. 8,13g Cu 72. Ho tan 10g hn hp
bt Fe v Fe2O3 bng mt lng dd HCl va , thu c 1,12 lt hiro (ktc) v dd
A cho NaOH d vo thu c kt ta, nung kt ta trong khng kh n khi lng
khng i c m gam cht rn th gi tr ca m l: A. 12g B. 11,2g C. 12,2g D.
16g Cu 73. Ha tan ht m gam hn hp gm FeO, Fe3O4 v Fe2O3 c s mol nh
nhau bng dung dch HNO3 c nng thu c 4,48 lt kh NO2 duy nht. C cn
dung dch sau phn ng th c bao nhiu gam mui khan . A. 134,5g B.
145,2g C. 154,4g D. Kt qu khc . Cu 74. Ho tan 10,14 gam hp kim Cu ,
Mg , Al bng mt lng va dd HCl thu c 7,84 lt kh A ktc v 1,54 gam cht
khng tan B v dd C . C cn C th lng cht rn khan thu c l : A. 33,45g
B. 33,25g C. 32,99g D. 35,58g Cu 75. Chia 1,24g hn hp 2 kim loi c
ho tr khng i thnh 2 phn bng nhau . Phn 1 tc dng vi oxi d thu c 0,78
g hh oxit . Phn 2 tc dng ht vi dd H2SO4 long thu c V lt H2 ktc . Gi
tr V l : A. 2,24 lt B. 0,112 lt C. 5,6 lt D. 0,224 lt Cu 76. Thy
phn hon ton 14,8 gam hn hp gm 2 este n chc l ng phn ca nhau thy cn
dng va 200ml ddNaOH 1M, thu c m gam hn hp hai mui v 7,8 gam hn hp 2
ru .tm m A. 10gam B. 15gam C. 20gam D. 25gam Cu 77. Mt dung dch cha
38,2g hn hp 2 mui sunfat ca kim loi kim A v kim loi kim th B tc dng
va vi dung dch BaCl2 thu c 69,9g kt ta. Lc b kt ta v c cn dung dch
sau phn ng thu c bao nhiu gam mui khan. A. 3,07 B. 30,7 C. 7,03 D.
70,3 Cu 78. Ha tan 28,4g hn hp 2 mui cacbonat ca 2 kim loi thuc phn
nhm chnh nhm IIAbng acid HCl thu c 6,72 lt kh(ktc) v dung dch A.
Tng s gam 2 mui clorua trong dung dch thu c l? A. 3,17 B. 31,7 C.
1.37 D. 7,13 Cu 79. Cho 6,2g hn hp gm mt s kim loi kim vo dung dch
HCl d c 2,24lt H2(ktc). C cn dung dch thu c sau phn ng s thu c bao
nhiu gam cht rn? A. 1,33 B. 3,13 C. 13,3 D. 3,31 Cu 80. Cho 16,3g
hn hp 2 kim loi Na v X tc dng ht vi HCl long, d thu c 34,05 gam hn
hp mui A khan. Th tch H2 thu c l bao nhiu lt? A. 3,36 B. 5,6 C. 8,4
D. 11,2 Cu 81. Cho x gam hn hp kim loi gm K, Na, Ba vo nc c 500ml
dung dch X c pH=13 v V lt kh (ktc). V c gi tr l bao nhiu? A. 0,56
B. 1,12 C. 2,24 D. 3,36 Cu 82. Ha tan ht 1,72g hn hp kim loi gm Mg,
Al, Zn v Fe bng dung dch H2SO4 long thu c V lt kh (ktc) v 7,48g mui
sunfat khan. Gi tr ca V l? A. 1,344 B. 1,008 C. 1,12 D. 3.36 Cu 83.
Ha tan hon ton 2,81g hn hp gm Fe2O3, MgO, ZnO trong 500ml acid
H2SO4 0,1M va . C cn dung dch sau phn ng th thu c bao nhiu gam mui
khan? A. 6,81 B. 4,81 C. 3,81 D. 5,81
4
Cu 84.
Ha tan hon ton hn hp gm 0,12mol FeS2 v a mol Cu2S vo acid
HNO3(va ), thu c dung dch X(ch cha 2 mui sunfat) v kh duy nht NO.
Ga tr ca a l? A. 0,04 B. 0,075 C. 0,12 D.0,06 Cu 85. Ha tan ht 10g
hn hp mui cacbonat MgCO3, CaCO3, Na2CO3, K2CO3 bng dung dch HCl
dthu c 2,24 lt kh (ktc) v dung dch Y. C cn dung dch Y thu c x g mui
khan. Ga tr ca x l? A. 12 B. 11,1 C. 11,8 D. 14,2 Cu 86. Cho 11,5g
hn hp gm ACO3, B2CO3, R2CO3 tan ht trong dung dch HCl thu c 2,24 lt
CO2(ktc). Khi lng mui clorua to thnh l? A. 16,2g B. 12,6g C. 13,2g
D. 12,3g Cu 87. Ha tan hon ton 2,7g mt kim loi M bng HNO3 thu c
1,12lt kh(ktc) hn hp X gm 2 kh khng mu trong c 1 kh ha nu ngoi khng
kh. Bit d A. FeX H2
=19,2. M l?
B. Al C. Cu D.Zn Ha tan hn hp X gm Fe v MgO bng HNO3 va c 0,112
lt (27,30C,6,6atm) kh khng mu ha nu ngoi khng kh. C cn dung mui c
10,22g hn hp mui khan. Khi lng mi kim loi trong hn hp ln lt l? A.
16,8g v 0,8g B. 1,68g v 8g C. 8g v 1,8g D. 1,68g v 0,8g Cu 89. Cho
3,06g oxit MxOy , M c ha tr khng i tan trong dung dch HNO3 to ra
5,22g mui. Xc nh MxOy A. CaO B. MgO C. BaO D. Al2O3 Cu 90. Ha tan
9,6g Mg trong dung dch HNO3 to ra 2,24 lt kh NxOy. Xc nh cng thc kh
. A. NO B. N2O C. NO2 D. N2O4 Cu 91. Ha tan hon ton 2,16g mt oxit
kim loi M thu c 0,224 lt kh NO(ktc). Xc nh cng thc oxit. A. CuO B.
FeO C. Fe3O4 D. Fe2O3 Cu 92. Ha tan kim loi M vo HNO3 thu c dung
dch A(khng c kh thot ra). Cho NaOH d vo dung dch A thu c 2,24 lt kh
(ktc) v 23,2g kt ta. Xc nh M. A. Fe B. Mg C. Al D. Ca Cu 93. Ha tan
hon ton 0,368g hn hp Al, Zn cn va 25lt dung dch HNO3 0,001M. Sau
phn ng thu c dung dch cha 3 mui. S gam mi kim loi ban u l? A. 0,108
v 0,26 B. 1,08 v 2,6 C. 10,8 v 2,6 D. 1,108 c 0,26 Cu 94. Cho 2,56g
ng tc dng vi 40ml dung dch HNO3 2M ch thu c NO. Sau phn ng cho thm
H2SO4 d vo li thy c NO bay ra. Gii thch v tnh VNO ( ktc) khi cho
thm H2SO4. A. 1,49lt B. 0,149lt C. 14,9lt D. 9,14 lt. Cu 95. Cho
1,92 g Cu vo 100ml dung dch cha ng thi KNO3 0,16M v H2SO4 0,4M thy
sinh ra mt cht kh c t khi so vi H2 l 15 v dung dch A. Tnh th tch kh
sinh ra ( ktc). A. 3,584lt B. 0,3584lt C. 35,84lt D. 358,4lt 2+ Cu
96. Tnh th tch dung dch NaOH 0,5M ti thiu cn dng kt ta ton b ion Cu
trong dung dch A( cu 19). A. 0,128lt B. 1,28lt C. 12,8lt D. 2,18lt
Cu 97. 50 ml dung dch A cha 2 cht tan l H2SO4 v Cu(NO3)2 phn ng va
vi 31,25ml NaOH 16%(D= 1,12g/ml). Lc kt ta nung nhit cao c 1,6g rn.
Nng mol cc cht trong dung dch A l? Cho 2,4g Cu vo 50ml dung dch A
thy c V lt kh NO bay ra. Tnh V? Cu 98. Ha tan 14,8g hn hp Al, Fe,
Zn bng dung dch HCl va thu c dung dch A. Lng kh H2 to thnh dn vo ng
s ng CuO d nung nng. Sau phn ng khi lng trong ng s gim 5,6g. C cn
dung dch A thu m(g) mui. Tnh m? A. 20,6 B. 28,8 C. 27,575 D. 39,65
Cu 99. Cho 4,86g Al tan va trong 660ml dung dch HNO3 1M thu c V lt
hn hp kh(ktc) gm N2 v N2O. Tnh V? A. 0,112lt B. 0,448lt C. 1,344lt
D. 1,568lt Cu 100. Ha tan hon ton 12g hn hp Fe Cu (t l mol 1:1) bng
acid HNO3 thu c Vlt (ktc) hn hp kh X (gm NO v NO2) v dung dch Y (ch
cha 2 mui v acid d). T khi ca X i vi H2 bng 19. Gi tr ca V l? A.
2,24lt B. 4,48 lt C. 5,6lt D. 3,36 lt Cu 101. Cho 13,5g hn hp gm Al
v Ag tan trong HNO3 d thu c dung dch A v 4,48 lt hn hp kh gm
(NO,NO2) c khi lng 7,6gam. Tnh % khi lng mi kim loi. A. 30 v 70 B.
44 v 56 C. 20 v 80 D. 60 v 40 Cu 102. Hn hp A gm 0,1 mol
etylenglycol v 0,2 mol cht X. t chy hon ton hn hp A cn 21,28 lt oxi
(kc) v thu c 35,2 gam CO2 v 19,8 gam H2O.Tnh khi lng phn t X( bit X
ch cha C,H,O)
Cu 88.
PHNG PHP 2. BO TON NGUYN T
5
Cu 103. Cho a gam CuO tc dng vi dung dch H2SO4 long, d thu c 200
g dung dch CuSO4 16%. Gi tr ca a l:(S: 16 gam) Cu 104. t chy hon
ton 6 gam FeS2 trong oxi c a gam SO2. Oxi ha hon ton a gam SO2 c b
gam SO3. Cho b gam SO3 tc dng vi NaOH d c c gam Na2SO4. Cho c gam
Na2SO4 tc dng ht vi dd Ba(OH)2 d th thu c d gam kt ta. Gi tr ca d l
S: 23,3 gam Cu 105. t chy hon ton 22,4 gam bt st trong oxi d. Cht
rn thu c cho tc dng ht vi ddHCl c ddA. Cho ddNaOH vo ddA, kt ta thu
c em nung trong khng kh th thu c Fe2O3. Khi lng Fe2O3 thu c l: S:
32 gam Cu 106. T 176 gam FeS c th iu ch c bao nhiu gam H2SO4? (Bit
hiu sut 100%) S: 196 gam Cu 107. Cho hn hp gm 0,1 mol Ag2O v 0,2
mol Cu tc dng ht vi ddHNO3 long, d. C cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c
mui khan A. Nung A n khi lng khng i thu c m gia rn B. Gi tr ca m l
S: 37,6 gam Cu 108. Cho 100 ml dung dch FeSO4 0,2 M phn ng vi dd
NaOH d. Sau phn ng, lc kt ta v nung trong khng kh n khi lng khng i
th thu c m gam cht rn. Gi tr ca m l: Cu 109. Cho 1 mol hn hp gm
NaCl, Na2CO3 tc dng ht vi dung dch HCl. Kh thot ra sau phn ng dn vo
dung dch Ca(OH)2 d th khi lng kt ta thu c l 50 gam. T l mol hai mui
trong hn hp ban u l: Cu 110. Dn kh clo vo dung dch NaBr v NaI n khi
phn ng xy ra hon ton th thu c 1,17 gam NaCl. Xc nh s mol hn hp
NaBr, NaI c trong dung dch ban u. Cu 111. Cho hn hp mui CaCO3,
NaHCO3 tc dng ht vi dung dch HCl. Kh sinh ra c dn vo dung dch
Ba(OH)2 d th thu c19,7 gam kt ta. S mol hn hp mui ban u l: A. 0,1
mol B. 0,05 mol C. 0,15 mol D. 0,075 mol Cu 112. Nung m (g) hn hp X
gm 2 mui carbonat trung tnh ca 2 kim loi A v B u c ha tr 2. Sau mt
thi gian thu c 3,36 lit CO2 (kc) cn li hn hp cht rn Y. Cho Y tc dng
ht vi dung dch HCl d ri cho kh thot ra hp th hon ton bi dung dch
Ca(OH)2 d thu c 15g kt ta. Phn dung dch c cn thu 32,5g hn hp mui
khan. Tnh m. p s: m = 29,2(g) Cho 12 lt hn hp gm SO2 v N2 (ktC) i
qua NaOH to ra 4,17 gam Na2SO3 v 12 gam NaHSO3. Thnh phn % theo th
tch ca SO2 trong hn hp l A. 0,35 mol B. 0,15 mol C.0,20mol
D.0,15mol Cho hn hp A gm x mol Al v 0,2 mol Al2O3 tc dng vi dd NaOH
d, thu c ddB. Dn kh CO2 vo ddB thu c kt ta Y. Lc thy kt ta Y v nung
n khi lng khng i c 40,8 gam cht rn. Gi tr ca x l: Cho hhA (Ag, Cu,
Fe) tc dng ht vi ddHNO3 thu c hh kh G(NO, NO2, N2), thy khi lng nc
tng ln 3,6 gam. S mol HNO3 phn ng l A. 0,40 mol B. 0,15 mol
C.0,20mol D.0,15mol Ho tan ht hhA: 0,1 mol Zn, 0,2 mol Ag, 0,3 mol
Fe trong ddHNO 3 thu c ddB khng cha NH4NO3 v thu c hh kh G( 0,01
mol N2, 0,03 mol NO2). Vy s mol HNO3 cn cho phn ng l: A. 1,35 mol
B. 1,30 mol C.1,25mol D.1,15mol Cu 113. Hn hp cht rn A gm 0,1 mol
Fe2O3 v 0,1 mol Fe3O4. Ho tan hon ton A bng dung dch HCl d, thu c
dung dch B. Cho NaOH d vo dung dch B, thu c kt ta C. Lc ly kt ta,
ra sch ri em nung trong khng kh n khi lng khng i thu c m gam cht rn
D. Gi tr ca m l S: 40 gam Cu 114. Kh hon ton 20,6 gam hn hp gm Fe,
FeO, Fe2O3 cn dng 2,24 lt kh CO (kc). Khi lng Fe thu c sau phn ng l
S: 19 gam Cu 115. Kh hon ton m gam hn hp gm Fe, FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4
cn dng V lt kh CO (kc) th thu c 5,6 lt kh CO2 (kc). Gi tr ca V l S:
5,6 lt Cu 116. Kh hon ton m gam hn hp gm Fe, FeO, Fe 2O3, Fe3O4 cn
dng V lt hn hp kh CO (kc) th thu c kh CO2. Hp th hon ton lng kh CO2
trong dd Ca(OH)2 d th thu c 25 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca V l S: 5,6 lt Cu
117. t chy khng hon ton mt lng Fe, dng ht 2,24 lt kh O2 (kc), thu c
hn hp cht rn X gm cc oxit st v st d. Kh hon ton hn hp X bng CO d th
thu c V lt kh A, dn kh A vo bnh nc vi trong d, th thu c m gam kt
ta. Gi tr ca m l S: 20 gam
6
Ha tan ht hhA: 0,1 mol Zn, 0,2 mol Ag, 0,3 mol Fe trong ddHNO 3
thu c ddB khng cha NH4NO3 v thu c hh kh G( 0,01 mol N2, 0,03 mol
NO2). Vy s mol HNO3 cn cho phn ng l: A. 1,35 mol B. 1,30 mol
C.1,25mol D.1,15mol Cho hhA (Ag, Cu, Fe) tc dng ht vi ddHNO3 thu c
hh kh G(NO, NO2, N2), thy khi lng nc tng ln 1,8 gam. S mol HNO3 phn
ng l A. 0,35 mol B. 0,15 mol C.0,20mol D.0,15mol Cu 118. Cho 0,1
mol FeO tc dng hon ton vi dung dch cha HNO 3 d c cn dung dch thu c
bao nhiu gam mui khan ? A. 8g B. 16g C. 24,2g D. 18g Cu 119. Cho hn
hp A gm 3 kim loi X, Y, Z c ha tr ln lt l 3, 2, 1 v t l mol ln lt
1:2:3. Trong s mol ca X l x(mol). Ha tan hon ton A bng dung dch c
cha y(g)HNO 3 (ly d 25% so vi lng phn ng) sau phn ng thu c dung dch
B khng cha NH4NO3 v V lit hn hp kh G (kc) gm NO2 v NO. Lp biu thc
tnh y theo x v v. Cu 120. Nung m (g) hn hp X gm 2 mui carbonat
trung tnh ca 2 kim loi A v B u c ha tr 2. Sau mt thi gian thu c
3,36 lit CO2 (kc) cn li hn hp cht rn Y. Cho Y tc dng ht vi dung dch
HCl d, th thu c ddC v kh D. Phn dung dch C c cn thu 32,5g hn hp mui
khan. Cho kh D thot ra hp th hon ton bi dung dch Ca(OH)2 d thu c
15g kt ta. Tnh m. p s: m = 29,2(g) Cu 121. un nng 0,1 mol este no,
n chc E vi 30 ml dung dch 20% (d= 1,20 g/ml) ca mt hidroxit kim loi
kim M . Sau khi kt thc phn ng x phng ha, c cn dung dch th thu c cht
rn A v 4,6g ru B, bit ru B b oxi ho bi CuO thnh sn phm c kh nng
tham gia phn ng trng gng. t chy cht rn A th thu c 9,54g mui
cacbonat v 8,26g hn hp CO2 v hi H2O. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng dng
tng qut. Xc nh tn kim loi kim M. Tm cng thc phn t ca este E. p s: M
: Na CTCT E : CH3COOCH2CH3 Cu 122. Cho mt lung CO i qua ng s ng
0,04 mol hn hp A gm FeO v Fe 2O3 t nng. Sau khi kt thc th nghim ta
thu c cht rn B gm 4 cht nng 4,784g. Kh i ra khi ng s cho hp thu vo
dd Ba(OH) 2 d th thu c 9,062g kt ta. Mt khc ho tan cht rn B bng dd
HCl d thy thot ra 0,6272 lit hidro (ktc). Tnh % khi lng cc oxit
trong A. Tnh % khi lng cc cht trong B , bit rng trong B s mol st t
oxit bng 1/3 tng s mol ca Fe (II) v Fe(III) oxit. p s % FeO =
72.0,01 . 100% = 13,04% 5,52
% Fe2O3 = 100% - 13,04% = 86,96% Cu 123. t chy hon ton 3g mt mu
than ch ch c tp cht S, kh thu c cho hp th hon ton bi 0,5 lit dd
NaOH 1,5M thu c dd A cha 2 mui v NaOH d. Cho kh clo tc dng ht vi A,
sau khi phn ng xong thu c dd B . Cho dd B tc dng vi BaCl2 d thu c a
g kt ta gm BaCO3 v BaSO4 , nu ha tan lng kt ta ny trong HCl d cn li
3,495g cht khng tan. Tnh % khi lng C v S trong mu than v tnh gi tr
ca a. Tnh nng cc ion trong dd A. p s: %C =
2,52 .100% 3
= 84%, %S = 16%, Khi lng a = 44,865g
Cu 124. (TSH 2007 Khi A): Ho tan hon ton hh gm 0,12 mol FeS2 v a
mol Cu2S vo axit HNO3 (va ), thu c
dd X (ch cha hai mui sunfat) v kh duy nht NO(sn phm kh duy nht).
Gi tr ca a l: A. 0,04 B. 0,075 C. 0,12 D. 0,06 Cu 125. Cho 38,4 gam
Cu tc dng ht vi dung dch HNO3 d, thu c dung dch A v 1 kh NO duy
nht. Cho dung dch A tc dng dung dch NaOH d, un nh, khng thy kh thot
ra. Th tch kh NO (ktc) thot ra l A. 4,48 lt B. 2,24lt C. 3,36lt D.
8,96lt Cu 126. Cho 16,6 gam hn hp gm (Al, Fe) theo t l mol 1: 1 tc
dng ht vi dung dch HNO3 d thu c ddA v hn hp kh (N2, N NO2, N2O).
Cho dung dch A tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d, un nh, khng thy kh thot
ra. C cn dung dch A thu c khi l mui khan l: A. 91,0 g B. 53,8g C.
78,4 g D. 61,6 g Cu 127. Cho m gam hn hp gm (Zn, Cu) tc dng ht vi
dung dch HNO3 d thu c ddA v hn hp kh (N2, NO, NO2, N2O). Th khi lng
nc c trong dung dch tng ln 3,6 gam. Cho dung dch A tc dng vi dung
dch NaOH d, un nh, khng thy kh thot S mol HNO3 tham gia phn ng l:
A. 2,0 mol B. 1,0 mol C. 0,2 mol D. 0,4 mol Cu 128. Cho m gam hn hp
X gm (Zn, Fe) tc dng ht vi dung dch HNO3 d thu c ddA v hn hp kh
(NO, NO2). Cho dung d A tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d, thu c cht rn B,
nung cht rn B trong chn khng n khi lng khng i c 32 gam cht C. Khi
lng ca Fe trong hn hp X l
7
A. 5,6 gam B. 11,2 gam C. 3,8 gam D. 22,4 gam Cho Fe, Zn tc dng
ht vi dung dch HNO3, sau phn ng ch thu c dung dch A (ch cha 2 mui)
v hn hp kh G g ( 0,2 mol N2, 0,4 mol NO, 0,4 mol NO2, 0,6 mol N2O).
S mol HNO3 tham gia phn ng l A. 10,8 mol B. 5,4 mol C. 1,8 mol D.
3,6 mol Cu 130. Cho m gam Cu tc dng ht vi dung dch HNO3 thu c dung
dch A v kh NO duy nht thot ra. em c cn dung dch A nung n khi lng
khng i th thu c 16 gam mt cht rn. Gi tr ca m l A. 37,6 B. 12,8 C.
19,6 D. 6,4 Cu 131. Cho 28,8 gam FeO tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 thu c
dung dch A (ch cha 1 mui) v kh NO. Ly dung dch A tc dng vi NaOH d,
thu c kt ta, nung kt ta n khi lng khng i th thu c m gam cht rn. Gi
tr m l A. 32 B. 64 C. 21,4 D. 18,0 Cu 132. Cho 32 gam Fe2O3 tc dng
vi dung dch HNO3. Ly ton b sn phm sau phn ng cho tc dng ht vi NaOH
d, thu c ta, nung kt ta n khi lng khng i th thu c m gam cht rn. Gi
tr m l A. 11,2 B. 64 C. 32 D. 18,0 Cu 133. Cho 0,2 mol FeO tc dng
hon ton vi dung dch cha HNO3 d c cn dung dch thu c bao nhiu gam mui
khan ? A. 16g B. 32g C. 48,4g D. 36g Cu 134. Cho 5,76 gam Cu tan
trong 160 ml dung dch HNO3 1M. Sau khi phn ng xy ra xong, ch thu c
1 mui v mt kh NO. T tc cho vo dung dch phn ng lng d H2SO4 li gii
phng tip kh V lt kh NO (ktc). Gi tr ca V l A. 0,448 B. 0,896 C.
0,224 D. 0,336 Cu 135. Cho hn hp Al, Fe vo dung dch HNO3long d thu
c 13,44 lt NO (iu kin tiu chun). S mol axit phn ng l : A. 2,4 mol
B. 4,8 mol C. 0,6 mol D. 1,2 mol Cu 136. Ho tan 6,08(g) hn hp bt
kim loi Fe v Cu trong dung dch HNO3 long d thu c 1,792(l) kh NO duy
nht (ktc) . Th phn % mi kim loi trong hn hp l: A. 36,8 % v 63,2 %
B. 38,6% v 61,4% C. 37,8% v 62,2% D. 35,5% v 64,5% Cu 137. Cho m
gam nhm tc dng vi dung dch HNO 3 long d, sau phn ng thu c 1,344 lt
kh N 2 duy nht iu kin tiu chu Gi tr ca m l A. 16,2. B. 1,62. C.
5,4. D. 8,1. Cu 138. Ha tan hon ton 44 gam hn hp gm Al v Fe bng
dung dch HNO3 long, d th thu c 26,88 lt kh NO duy nht iu k tiu
chun. Khi lng ca Al trong hn hp l A. 21,6 gam. B. 10,8 gam. C. 16,2
gam. D. 27,0 gam.
Cu 129.
PHNG PHP 3. BO TON ELECTRON
Cu 139. (Trch : TSH C 2007 khi A): Ha tan 5,6 gam Fe bng dung
dch H 2SO4 long (d), thu c dung dchX. Dung dch X phn ng va vi V
(ml) dung dch KMnO4 0,5M. Gi tr ca V l A.20 ml B.80 ml C. 40 ml D.
60 ml Cu 140. Hn hp X gm FeS2 v MS c s mol nh nhau, M l kim loi c
ho tr khng i . Cho 6,51g X tc dng hon ton vi lng d dd HNO3 un nng,
thu c dd A1 v 13,216 lit (kc) hn hp kh A2 c khi lng l 26,34g gm NO2
v NO. Thm 1 lng d dd BaCl2 long vo A1, thy to thnh m1 g kt tu trng
trong dd d axit trn. Hy cho bit kim loi M trong MS l kim loi g ?
Tnh gi tr khi lng m1. Tnh % khi lng cc cht trong X. p s: M l Zn, m1
= 20,97g %FeS2 =
120.0,03 .100% = 55,3% 6,51
%ZnS = 44,7% Cu 141. Cho 2,52 g hh X gm Al v Mg trn theo t l mol
2 : 3 tc dng vi H 2SO4 c th thu c mui sunfat v 0,03 mol mt sn phm
duy nht cha lu hunh. Xc nh sn phm to thnh v vit cc phng phn ng.
(Olympic 30/04/2006) S: H2S Cu 142. Ho tan m g hn hp kim loi A gm
Fe v kim loi M (c ho tr khng i) trong dd HCl d th thu c 1,008 lit
kh (kc) v dd cha 4,575g mui khan . Tnh m. Cu 143. Ho tan ht cng lng
hn hp A trn trong dd cha hn hp HNO 3 c v H2SO4 c nhit thch hp th
thu c 1,8816 lit hn hp 2 kh (kc) c t khi hi so vi kh H2 l 25,25. Xc
nh kim loi M. p s: m = 1,38g, M l Al Cu 144. Cho 7,22g hn hp X gm
Fe v kim loi M c ha tr khng i. Chia hn hp thnh 2 phn bng nhau: Ho
tan ht phn 1 trong dd HCl c 2,128 l H2. Ho tan ht phn 2 trong dd
HNO3 c 1,792 l kh NO duy nht. Xc nh kim loi M v % khi lng mi kim
loi trong hn hp X? Cu 145. Cho 3,61g X tc dng vi 100ml dd A cha
Cu(NO3)2 v AgNO3.
8
Sau phn ng thu c ddB v 8,12g cht rn C gm 3 kim loi . Cho cht rn
C tc dng vi dd HCl d thu c 0,672 l H2. Cc cht kh o kc v cc phn ng
xy ra hon ton. Tnh CM ca Cu(NO3)2 v AgNO3 trong ddA. p s: Al CM
(AgNO3 )=0,3 M, CM (Cu(NO3)2) = 0,5 M Cu 146. Ho tan 5,64g Cu(NO3)2
v 1,7g AgNO3 vo nc c 101,43g dd A. Cho 1,57g hh X bt kim loi gm Zn
v Al vo dd A ri khuy u. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c phn
rn B v dd D ch cha 2 mui. Ngm B trong dd H2SO4 long khng thy c kh
thot ra. Tnh C% mi mui c trong dd D. p s: C% (Zn(NO3)2) =3,78% C%
(Al(NO3)3) = 2,13% Cu 147. Ho tan 22,064g hn hp X gm Al v Zn va vi
500ml dd HNO 3 long thu c dd A v 3,136 lit (kc) hn hp kh Y gm 2 kh
khng mu (trong c 1 kh ho nu ngoi khng kh), khi lng hn hp kh Y l
5,18g. Tnh % s mol mi kim loi trong hn hp X. C cn dd A thu c bao
nhiu gam mui khan p s: %Al = 11,53%, %Zn = 88,47% mmui = 69,804 g
Cu 148. Cho 12,45g hn hp X gm Al v kim loi M(II) tc dng vi dd HNO3
d thu c 1,12 lit hn hp kh (N 2O v N2) c t khi hi so vi hidro bng
18,8 v dd Y . Cho Y tc dng vi dd NaOH d thu c 0,448 lit kh NH3. Xc
nh kim loi M v khi lng mi kim loi trong X .Bit nX = 0,25 mol cc kh
o kc. p s: M l Zn mAl = 0,1. 27 = 2,7 g mZn = 0,15.65 = 9,75 g Cu
149. Khi cho 9,6 g Mg tc dng ht vi ddH2SO4 m c, thy c 49 g H2SO4
tham gia phn ng, to mui MgSO4 , H2O v sn phm kh A. Xc nh A? p s: A
l H2S Cu 150. Cho m gam hn hp 3 kim loi ng trc hidro trong dy hot
ng ho hc phn ng ht vi H 2SO4 d thu c 1,008 lt kh H2 (kc). C cn dung
dch thu c 7,32 gam cht rn . Vy m c th bng: A. 3g B. 5,016 g C. 2,98
g D. kt qu khc Cu 151. Cho 8,8 gam hn hp gm 2 kim loi 2 chu k lin
tip thuc phn nhm chnh nhm II tc dng vi 120ml dung dch HCl 1M , c
6,72 lt kh hidro (kc). Hai kim loi l: A. Be v Mg B. Ca v Sr C. Mg v
Ca D. A, B u ng Cu 152. Cho hn hp A gm: Ag, Cu, Fe phn ng ht vi
HNO3, thu c hn hp kh G: NO, NO2; thy lng nc tng 7,2 gam. S mol HNO3
tham gia phn ng l: A. 0,35 mol B. 0,25 mol C. 0,2 mol D. kt qu khc
Cu 153. M tc dng vi HNO3 theo phn ng sau: ...M + ...HNO3 ...M(NO3)2
+ 2x N2 + 3xNO + ...H2O T khi hi ca hn hp G (N2, NO) so vi H2 s bng
A. 16,75 B. 14,6 C. 17 D. kt qu khc.. Cu 154. Trn 60g bt Fe vi 30g
bt lu hunh ri un nng (khng c khng kh) thu c cht rn A. Ho tan A bng
dd axit HCl d c dd B v kh C. t chy C cn V lt O2 (ktc). Tnh V, bit
cc phn ng xy ra hon ton. S :
VO2 = 22,4.1,47 = 32,928 lit
Cu 155. Hn hp A gm 2 kim loi R1, R2 c ho tr x, y khng i (R 1, R2
khng tc dng vi nc v ng trc Cu trong dyhot ng ha hc ca kim loi). Cho
hn hp A phn ng hon ton vi dd Cu(NO 3)2 th thu c m gam Cu. Cho m gam
Cu tc dng ht vi dd HNO3 d thu c 1,12 l kh NO duy nht ktc. Nu cho
lng hn hp A trn phn ng hon ton vi dd HNO3 th thu c bao nhiu lt N2.
Cc th tch kh o ktc. S: VN 2 = 22,4.0,015 = 0,336 lit
Cu 156. Cho 1,35 g hn hp gm Cu, Mg, Al tc dng ht vi dd HNO 3 thu
c hn hp kh gm 0,01 mol NO vo 0,04 molNO2. Tnh khi lng mui to ra
trong dung dch. S: Khi lng mui nitrat l: 1,35 + 62.0,07 =
5,69g.
Cu 157. Ho tan hon ton hh gm 0,12 mol FeS2 v a mol Cu2S vo axit
HNO3 (va ), thu c dd X (ch cha hai muisunfat) v b mol kh duy nht NO
(sn phm kh duy nht). Gi tr ca b l: A. 0,4 B. 0,075 C. 0,12 D. 0,8
Cu 158. Ho tan hon ton hh gm a mol FeS2 v b mol Cu2S vo axit HNO3
(va ), thu c dd X (ch cha hai mui sunfat) v 1,6 mol kh duy nht
NO(sn phm kh duy nht). Gi tr ca a l: A. 0,08 B. 0,075 C. 0,24 D.
0,12 Cu 159. Ho tan hon ton hh gm 0,12 mol FeS2 v b mol Cu2S vo
axit HNO3 (va ), thu c dd X (ch cha hai mui sunfat) v 2,4 mol mt sn
phm kh duy nht cha nit. Gi tr ca a l:
9
A. 0,08 B. 0,075 C. 0,24 D. 0,12 B BI TP T GII B1 - T lun: Bi 1:
Hn hp A gm 0,06 mol Mg, 0,02 mol Al v 0,04 mol Fe tc dng ht vi dd
HNO 3 thu c V lit hn hp kh gm N2 v N2O c t khi so vi Hidro bng 20.
1. Hy biu din cc ptp dng ion thu gn. 2. V=? ( o ktc ). 3. Tnh s mol
HNO3 phn ng. Bi 2: Cho hn hp bt kim loi A gm 0,02 mol Fe, 0,04 mol
Al, 0,03 mol Cu v 0,01 mol Zn ha tan ht vo dung dch HNO3 thu c V
lit hn hp kh gm NO v N2O c t khi so vi Hidro l 16,75.Tnh V ( ktc).
Bi 3: Cho hn hp bt kim loi A gm 0,04 mol Al, 0,02 mol Fe v 0,05 mol
Cu tc dng vi dd HNO 3 12,6% c V lit hn hp kh gm NO v N2 c t khi so
vi Hidro l 14,75.Tnh V ( ktc), khi lng dd HNO3 phn ng bit axit HNO3
d 10% so vi lng cn dng. Bi 4: m(g) Fe trong khng kh b oxi ha 1 phn
thnh 22(g) hn hp cc oxit v Fe d. Ha tan hn hp ny vo dd HNO3 d thu c
4,48 lit kh NO duy nht (kc). Tm m. Bi 5: m(g) Fe2O3 nung vi CO thiu
thu c 6,52(g) hn hp Y gm 4 cht. Ha tan Y ht vo dd HNO 3 th thu c
0,15 mol kh NO duy nht. Tm m. Bi 6: Cho m(g) hh bt kim loi A gm Mg
v Al ha tan ht vo dd HCl d thy gii phng 0,25 mol kh. Thm 1 lng Cu
bng 1,255m (g) vo hh A c hh B. Ha tan B vo dd HNO3 d th thu c 0,5
mol hh kh gm NO v NO2 c t khi so vi Hidro bng 21,4. Tnh tfn % theo
klng cc cht trong hh A. Bi 7: Hn hp X gm 1,56(g) Mg v 0,486(g) Al c
ha tan ht vo V lit dd HNO 3 2M thy gii phng 0,4704 lit (kc) hn hp
kh gm N2 v N2O. Cng V lit dd HNO3 ha tan va ht 3,3335(g) kim loi M
gii phng kh N 2O duy nht. Xc nh kim loi M v tnh V. Bi 8: Ha tan ht
kim loi Mg vo dd cha 1,5 mol HNO3 thu c dd A v 0,2 mol hh kh gm NO
v N2O. Hi kt ta ht lng Mg2+ c trong dd A cn ti thiu bao nhiu mol
NaOH? Bi 9: Ha tan 12,9(g) hh A gm Zn v 1 kim loi M ha tr II vo dd
H2SO4 long d thu c 2,24 lit H2. Cn khi ha tan ht 12,9(g) hh A vo dd
H2SO4 c c 4,144 lit hn hp gm SO 2 v H2S c t khi so vi Hidro bng
31,595. Xc nh kim loi M bit th tch cc kh o ktc. Bi 10: Trn 60g bt
Fe vi 30g bt lu hunh ri un nng (khng c khng kh) thu c cht rn A. Ho
tan A bng dd axit HCl d c dd B v kh C. t chy C cn V lt O2 (ktc).
Tnh V, bit cc phn ng xy ra hon ton. Bi 11: m gam phoi bo st (A)
ngoi khng kh, sau mt thi gian bin thnh hn hp (B) c khi lng 12 gam
gm st v cc oxit FeO, Fe3O4, Fe2O3. cho B tc dng hon ton vi dung dch
HNO3 thy gii phng ra 2,24 lt kh NO duy nht (ktc). 1. Vit cc phng
trnh phn ng. 2. Tnh khi lng m ca A. Bi 12: Hn hp A c iu ch bng cch
ho tan 27,9 gam hp kim gm Al, Mg vi lng va dung dch HNO3 1,25M v
thu c 8,96 lt kh A (ktc) gm NO v N2O, c t khi so H2 bng 20,25. 1.
Vit cc phng trnh phn ng. 2. Xc nh thnh phn % theo khi lng cc kim
loi trong hp kim. 3. Tnh th tch dung dch HNO3 dng. Bi 13: Hn hp A
gm 2 kim loi M, N c ho tr tng ng l m, n khng i (M, N khng tan trong
nc v ng trc Cu). Cho hn hp A phn ng hon ton vi dung dch CuSO4 d.
Cho Cu thu c phn ng hon ton vi dung dch HNO3 d c 1,12 lt kh NO duy
nht. Nu cho lng hn hp A trn phn ng hon ton trong dung dch HNO 3 d
th thu c bao nhiu lt N2. (Bit th tch cc kh c o ktc) Bi 14: t chy x
mol Fe bi oxi thu c 5,04 gam hn hp A gm cc oxit st. Ho tan hon ton
A trong dung dch HNO3 thu c 0,035 mol hn hp Y gm NO v NO2. T khi ca
Y i vi H2 l 19. Tnh x. Bi15: Cho 1,35 gam hn hp Cu, Mg, Al tc dng
vi HNO3 d c 1,12 lt hn hp X (ktc) gm NO v NO2 c t khi so H2 bng
21,4. Hy tnh tng khi lng mui nitrat to thnh. Bi 16: Ho tan hon ton
4,431 gam hn hp Al, Mg bng dung dch HNO3 long thu c dung dch A v
1,568 lt (ktc) hn hp 2 kh khng mu c khi lng 2,59 gam, trong c mt kh
b ho nu trong khng kh. 1. Tnh thnh phn % theo khi lng mi kim loi
trong hn hp. 2. Tnh s mol HNO3 phn ng. 3. Khi c cn dung dch A th
thu c bao nhiu gam mui khan. Bi 17: t chy 5,6 gam bt Fe trong bnh
ng O2 thu c 7,36 gam hn hp A gm Fe2O3, Fe3O4 v Fe. Ho tan hon ton
lng hn hp A bng dung dch HNO3 thu c V lt hn hp kh B gm NO v NO2 c t
khi so H2 bng 19. 1. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng. 2. Tnh V (ktc). Bi
18: Cho 16,2 gam kim loi M (ho tr khng i) tc dng vi 0,15 mol oxi.
Cht rn thu c sau phn ng cho ho tan hon ton vo dung dch HCl d thu c
13,44 lt H2 (ktc). Xc nh kim loi M (Bit cc phn ng xy ra hon ton).
Bi 19: Ho tan hon ton 19,2 gam Cu bng dung dch HNO3, ton b lng kh
NO thu c em oxi ho thnh NO2 ri chuyn ht thnh HNO3. Tnh th tch kh
oxi (ktc) tham gia vo qu trnh trn.
10
Bi 20: Cho 7,22 gam hn hp X gm Fe v kim loi M (c ho tr khng i)
Chia hn hp thnh 2 phn bng nhau. Ho tan ht phn 1 trong dung dch HCl,
c 2,128 lt H2. Ho tan ht phn 2 trong dung dch HNO3 c 1,792 lt kh NO
duy nht . 1. Xc nh kim loi M v % khi lng mi kim loi trong hn hp X
2. Cho 3,61 gam X tc dng vi 100ml dung dch A cha Cu(NO3)2 v AgNO3.
Sau phn ng thu c dung dch B v 8,12 gam cht rn D gm 3 kim loi. Cho
cht rn D tc dng vi dung dch HCl d thu c 0,672 lt H 2. Tnh nng mol
ca Cu(NO3)2 v AgNO3 trong dung dch A. (Cc th tch kh c o iu kin tiu
chun v cc phn ng xy ra hon ton) Bi 21: Cho m1 gam hn hp gm Mg, Al
vo m2 gam dung dch HNO3 24%, sau khi cc kim loi tan ht c 8,96 lt hn
hp kh X gm NO, N2O v N2 bay ra (ktc) v c dung dch A. Thm mt lng oxi
va vo X, sau phn ng thu c hn hp kh Y. Dn Y t t qua dung dch NaOH d
c 4,48 lt hn hp kh Z i ra (ktc), t khi hi ca Z so vi H2 bng 20. Nu
cho dung dch NaOH vo A c lng kt ta ln nht th thu c 62,2 gam kt ta.
1. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng. 2. Tnh m1, m2. Bit lng HNO3 ly d 20% so
vi lng cn thit phn ng. 3. Tnh C% cc cht trong dung dch A. Bi 22:
Cho m gam Al tan hon ton trong dung dch HNO3 th thy thot ra 11,2 lt
kh o ktc gm N2, NO v N2O c t l s mol tng ng l 2:1:2 .Tnh m? Bi 23:
Ho tan a gam hn hp X gm Mg, Al vo dung dch HNO3 c ngui, d th thy
thu c 0,336 lt NO2 00C, 2atm. Cng a gam hn hp trn khi cho vo dung
dch HNO3 long, d th thu c 0,168 lt kh NO 00C, 4atm. Tnh khi lng mi
kim loi trong hn hp ban u? Bi 24: Th tch dung dch FeSO4 0,5M cn
thit d phnn ng va vi 100 ml dung dch cha KMnO4 0,2M v K2Cr2O7 0,1M
trong mI trng axit l bao nhiu? Bi 25: Chia 9,76 gam hn hip X gm Cu
v oxit ca st lm hai phn bng nhau. Ho tan hon ton phn th nht trong
dung dch HNO3 hu c dung dch A v 1,12 lt hn hp kh B gm NO v NO2 ktc,
c t khi so vi hiro bng 19,8. C cn dung dch A thu c 14,78 gam mui
khan. Xc nh cng thc phn t ca oxit st v tnh khi lng mi cht trong hn
hp ban u? Bi 26: Hoa tan hoan toan 19,2 gam kim loai M trong dung
dich HNO 3 d thu c 8,96 lit( ktc) hn hp gm NO2 va NO co ti l th
tich 3:1. Xac inh kim loai M Bi 27: Hoa tan hoan toan 11,2 gam Fe
vao HNO3 d thu c dung dich A va 6,72 lit hn hp khi B gm NO va mt
khi X vi ti l th tich la 1:1. Xac inh khi X Bi 28: Hoa tan ht 2,16g
FeO trong HNO 3 c. Sau mt hti gian thy thoat ra 0,224 lit khi X(
ktc) la san phm kh duy nht. Xac inh X Bi 29: Hoa tan 2,4 g hn hp Cu
va Fe co ty l s mol 1:1 vao dung dich H 2SO4 c, no ng. Kt thuc phan
ng thu c 0,05 mol mt san phm kh duy nht co cha lu huynh. Xac inh
san phm o Bi 30: Co 3,04g hn hp Fe va Cu hoa tan ht trong dung dich
HNO3 tao thanh 0,08 mol hn hp NO va NO2 co M = 42 . Hay xac inh
thanh phn % h n hp kim loai ban u Bi 31: Khuy ky 100 ml dung dich A
cha AgNO3 va Cu(NO3)2 vi h n hp kim loai co 0,03 mol Al va 0,05 mol
Fe. Sau phan ng c dung dich C va 8,12 gam cht rn B gm 3 kim loai.
Cho B tac dung vi dung dich HCl d thi thu c 0,672 lit H2( ktc).
Tinh nng mol/l cua AgNO3 va Cu(NO3)2 trong A Bi 32: p gam bt st
ngoai khng khi sau mt thi gian thu c cht rn R nng 7,52 gam gm Fe,
FeO, Fe 3O4. Hoa tan R bng dung dich HNO3 c, no ng thu c 0,672 lit
( ktc) hn hp NO va NO2 co ty l s mol 1:1. Tinh p Bi 33: Trn 2,7 gam
Al vao 20 g hn hp Fe2O3 va Fe3O4 ri tin hanh phan ng nhit nhm c hn
hp A. Hoa tan A trong HNO3 thy thoat ra 0,36 mol NO2 la san phm kh
duy nht. Xac inh khi lng cua Fe2O3 va Fe3O4 Bai 34: Cho 13,4gam hn
hp Fe,Al,Mg tac dung ht vi mt lng dung dich HNO 3 2M( ly d 10%) thu
c 4,48 lit hn hp NO va N2O co ty khi so vi H2 la 18,5 va dung dich
khng cha mui amoni. Tinh th tich dung dich HNO3 a dung va khi lng
mui co trong dung dich sau phan ng B2 Bi tp trc nghim Bi 1. Cho
2,52 gam hh Mg , Al tc dng ht vi dd HCl d thu c 2,688 lt kh ktc .
Cng cho 2,52 gam 2 kim loai trn tc dng ht vi dd H2SO4 c nng thu c
0,672 lt kh l sp duy nht hnh thnh do s kh ca S+6 Xc nh sp duy nht
A. H2S B. SO2 C. H2 D. Khng tm c Bi 2. Oxit ca st c CT : Fe xOy (
trong Fe chim 72,41% theo khi lng ) . Kh hon ton 23,2gam oxit ny
bng CO d th sau phn ng khi lng hn hp kh tng ln 6,4 gam . Ho tan cht
rn thu c bng HNO 3 c nng thu c 1 mui v x mol NO2 . Gi tr x l A.
0,45 B. 0,6 C. 0,75 D. 0,9 . Bi 3. t 8,4 gam bt Fe kim loi trong
oxi thu c 10,8 gam hh A cha Fe2O3 , Fe3O4 v Fe d . Ho tan ht 10,8
gam A bng dd HNO3 long d thu c V lt NO ! ktc . Gi tr V l A. 5,6 lt
B. 2,24 lt C. 1,12 lt D. 3,36 lt Bi 4. Kh hon ton 45,6 gam hn hp A
gm Fe , FeO , Fe2O3 , Fe3O4 bng H2 thu c m gam Fe v 13,5 gam H2O .
Nu em 45,6 gam A tc dng vi lng d dd HNO3 long th th tch NO duy nht
thu c ktc l : A. 14,56 lt B. 17,92 lt C. 2,24 lt D. 5,6 lt
11
Bi 5. Ha tan 32 gam kim loi M trong dung dch HNO3 d thu c 8,96
lt hn hp kh gm NO v NO2. Hn hp kh ny c t khi so vi hiro l 17. Xc nh
M? A. Fe B. Zn C. Cu D. Kim loi khc Bi 6. Cho mt dng CO i qua 16
gam Fe 2O3 nung nng thu c m gam hn hp A gm Fe 3O4 , FeO , Fe v Fe
2O3 d v hn hp kh X , cho X tc dng vi dd nc vi trong d c 6 gam kt ta
. Nu cho m gam A tc dng vi dd HNO 3 long d th th tch NO duy nht thu
c ktc l : A. 0,56 lt B. 0,672 lt C. 0,896 lt D. 1,12 lt Bi 7. Ho
tan ht a gam hp kim Cu ,Mg bng mt lng va dd HNO 3 40% thu c dd X v
6,72 lt ktc hh 2 kh NO , NO2 c khi lng 12,2 gam . C cn dd X thu c
41 gam mui khan . Tnh a A. 8g B. 9 g C. 10g D. 12g Bi 8. Ho tan
35,1 gam Al vo dd HNO 3 long va thu c dd A v hh B cha 2 kh l N 2 v
NO c Phn t khi trung bnh l 29 . Tnh tng th tch hh kh ktc thu c A.
11,2 lt B. 12,8 lt C. 13,44lt D. 14,56lt Bi 9. Cho 16,2 gam kim loi
M ( ho tr n ) tc dng vi 0,15 mol O2 . ho tan cht rn sau phn ng bng
dd HCl d thy bay ra 13,44 lt H2 ktc . Xc nh M ? A. Ca B. Mg C. Al
D. Fe Bi 10. Oxi ho chm m gam Fe ngoi KK thu c 12 gam hn hp A gm
FeO , Fe 2O3 , Fe3O4 v Fe d . Ho tan A bng lng va 200 ml dd HNO3
thu c 2,24 lt NO ! ktc . Tnh m v CM dd HNO3: A . 10,08 g v 3,2M B.
10,08 g v 2M C. Kt qu khc D. khng xc nh Bi 11. Cho 7,505 g mt hp
kim gm hai kim loi tc dng vi dd H2SO4 long , d th thu c 2,24 lt H2
, ng thi khi lng hp kim ch cn li 1,005 g ( khng tan ) . Ho tan
1,005 g kim loi khng tan ny trong H 2SO4 c nng thu c 112 ml kh SO2
. V o ktc . hai kim loi l : A. Mg v Cu B. Zn v Hg C. Mg v Ag D. Zn
v Ag Bi 12. Ho tan 0,56 gam Fe vo 100 ml dd hn hp HCl 0,2 M v
H2SO40,1 M thu c V lt H2 ktc . tnh V : A. 179,2 ml B. 224 ml C.
264,4ml D. 336 ml Bi 13. Cho 0,125 mol 1 oxit kim loi M vi dd HNO 3
va thu c NO duy nht v dd B cha mt mui duy nht . C cn dd B thu c
30,25 g cht rn . CT oxit l : A. Fe2O3 B. Fe3O4 C. Al2O3 D. FeO . Bi
14. Cho m gam kim loi A tc dng ht vi dd HNO 3 long thu c 0,672 lt
NO ! ktc , c cn dd sau phn ng thu c 12,12 gam tinh th A(NO3)3.9H2O
. Kim loi A l A. Al B. Cr C. Fe D. Khng c kim loi ph hp Bi 15. Ho
tan 3,24 gam 1 kim loi M bng dd H2SO4 d thu c kh SO2 . Hp th ht SO2
vo bnh A cha 480 ml dd NaOH 0,5 M , sau phn ng phi dng 240 ml dd
KOH 0,5 M phn ng ht cc cht cha trong bnh A . Kim loi M l : A. Cu B.
Fe C. Mg D. Kt qu khc Bi 16. Cho 62,1 gam Al tan hon ton trong dd
HNO 3 long thu c 16,8 lt hh N2O , N2 ktc .Tnh t khi hn hp kh so vi
hidro . A. 16,2 B. 17,2 C. 18,2 D. 19,2 Bi 17. Cho mt hn hp gm 0,03
mol Al v 0,05 mol Fe tc dng vi 100 ml dung dch cha AgNO 3 v
Cu(NO3)2, khuy k cho ti phn ng hon ton. Sau phn ng thu c dung dch A
v 8,12 gam cht rn B gm 3 kim loi. Ha tan cht rn B bng dung dch HCl
d thy bay ra 672 ml kh H2. Tnh nng mol ca AgNO3 v Cu(NO3)2 trong
dung dch ban u ca chng. Bit cc phn ng xy ra hon ton. A. 0,25M v
0,4M B. 0,35M v 0,5M C. 0,55M v 0,12M D. Kq khc Bi 18. Cho hh A gm
kim loi R ( ho tr 1 ) v kim loi X ( ho tr 2 ) . Ho tan 3 gam A vo
dd c cha HNO 3 v H2SO4 thu c 3,3 gam hh B gm kh NO2 v kh D c tng th
tch l 1,344 lt ktc . Tnh tng khi lng mui khan thu c bit s mol to
mui ca 2 gc axit bng nhau . A. 5,74 g B. 6,74 g C. 7,74 g D. 8,84 g
Bi 19. Ho tan hhp A gm 1,2 mol FeS2 v x mol Cu2S vo dd HNO3 va phn
ng thu c dd B ch cha mui sunfat v V lt NO o KTC . Tnh x A. 0,6 B.
1,2 C. 1,8 D. 2,4 Bi 20. Oxiho x mol Fe bi oxi thu c 5,04 gam hhp A
gm cc oxit st . Ho tan ht A trong dd HNO 3 thu c 0,035 mol hhp Y
cha NO , NO2 c t khi so vi H2 l 19 . Tnh x A. 0,035 B. 0,07 C. 1,05
D. 1,5 Bi 21. Cho 21 gam hn hp gm 3 kim loi Fe, Cu , Al tc dng hon
ton vi lng d dd HNO3 thu c 5,376 lt hn hp hai kh NO , NO2 c t khi
so vi H2 l 17 . Tnh khi lng mui thu c sau phn ng . A. 38,2 g B.
38,2g C. 48,2 g D. 58,2 g Bi 22. Cho 2,16 gam Al tc dng vi Vlt dd
HNO 3 10.5 % ( d = 1,2 g/ml ) thu c 0,03mol mt sp duy nht hnh thnh
ca s kh ca N+5 . Tnh V ml dd HNO3 dng A. 0,6lt B. 1,2lt C. 1,8lt D.
Kt qu khc Bi 23. Ho tan 56 gam Fe vo m gam dd HNO 3 20 % thu c dd X
, 3,92 gam Fe d v V lt hh kh ktc gm 2 kh NO , N 2O c khi lng l
14,28 gam . Tnh V A. 7,804 lt B. 8,048lt C. 9,408lt D. Kt qu khc Bi
24. Ho tan hon ton 17,4 gam hh 3 kim loi Al , Fe , Mg trong dd HCl
thy thot ra 13,44 lt kh ktc . Nu cho 34,8 gam hh 3 kim loi trn tc
dng vi dd CuSO 4 d , lc ton b cht rn to ra ri ho tan ht vo dd HNO 3
c nng th th tch kh thu c ktc l :
12
A. 11,2 lt B. 22,4 lt C. 53,76 lt D. 76,82 lt Bai 25: a gam bt
st ngoai khng khi, sau mt thi gian se chuyn thanh hn hp A co khi
lng 75,2 gam gm Fe, FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4. Cho hn hp A phan ng ht vi
dung dich H2SO4 m c, nong thu c 6,72 lit khi SO 2( ktc). Khi lng a
gam la: A. 56g B. 11,2g C. 22,4g D. 25,3g Bai 26: Cho 1,92g Cu hoa
tan va u trong HNO3 thu c V lit NO( ktc). Th tich V va khi lng HNO3
a phan ng: A. 0,048lit; 5,84g B. 0,224lit; 5,84g C. 0,112lit;
10,42g D. 1,12lit; 2,92g Bai 27: Hn hp A gm 2 kim loai R1, R2 co
hoa tri x,y khng i( R1 va R2 khng tac dung vi nc va ng trc Cu trong
day hoat ng hoa hoc). Cho h n hp A phan ng hoan toan vi dung dich
CuSO4 d, ly Cu thu c cho phan ng hoan toan vi dung dich HNO3 d thu
c 1,12 lit NO duy nht( ktc). Nu cho hn hp A trn phan ng hoan toan
vi HNO3 thi thu c N2 vi th tich la: A. 0,336lit B. 0,2245lit C.
0,448lit D. 0,112lit Bai 28: Khi cho 9,6gam Mg tac dung ht vi dung
dich H2SO4 m c thy co 49gam H2SO4 tham gia phan ng tao mui MgSO4,
H2O va san phm kh X. X la: A. SO2 B. S C. H2S D. SO2,H2S Bai 29:
Cho 1,35gam hn hp A gm Cu, Mg, Al tac dung vi HNO3 d c 1,12lit NO
va NO2 co khi lng trung binh la 42,8. Bit th tich khi o ktc. Tng
khi lng mui nitrat sinh ra la: A. 9,65g B. 7,28g C. 4,24g D. 5,69g
Bai 30: Cho a gam h n hp gm FeO, CuO, Fe3O4 co s mol bng nhau tac
dung hoan toan vi lng va u la 250ml dung dich HNO3, khi un nong nhe
c dung dich B va 3,136 lit hn hp khi C( ktc) gm NO2 va NO co ty khi
so vi H2 bng 20,143 a/ a nhn gia tri la: A. 46,08g B. 23,04g C.
52,7g D. 93g b/ Nng mol/l HNO3 a dung la: A. 1,28 B. 4,16 C. 6,2 D.
7,28 Bai 31(TS A 2007): Hoa tan hoan toan 12g hn hp Fe, Cu( ty l
mol 1:1) bng axit HNO3, thu c V lit( ktc) hn hp khi X( gm NO va
NO2) va dung dich Y( chi cha 2 mui va axit d). Ty khi cua X i vi H2
bng 19. Gia tri cua V la: A. 4,48lit B. 5,6lit C. 3,36lit D.
2,24lit Bai 32: Cho lung khi CO i qua ng s ng m gam Fe2O3 nhit cao
mt thi gian ngi ta thu c 6,72 g hn hp gm 4 cht rn khac nhau A. em
hoa tan hoan toan hn hp nay vao dung dich HNO 3 d thy tao thanh
0,448 lit khi B duy nh6at1 co ty khi so vi H2 bng 15. m nhn gia tri
la: A. 5,56g B. 6,64g C. 7,2g D. 8,8g Bai 33: Nung m gam st trong
khng khi, sau mt thi gian ngi ta thu c 104,8 gam hn hp rn A gm
Fe,FeO,Fe2O3 va Fe3O4. Hoa tan hoan toan A trong HNO3 d thu c dung
dich B va 12,096 lit hn hp khi NO va NO2 (ktc) co ty khi so vi He
la 10,167. Gia tri m la: A. 72g B. 69,54g C. 91,28 D.A khac Bai 34:
Cho tan hoan toan 58g hn hp A gm Fe, Cu, Ag trong dung dich HNO3 2M
thu c 0,15 mol NO, 0,05mol N2O va dung dich D. C can dung dich D,
khi lng mui khan thu c la: A. 120,4g B. 89,8g C. 116,9g D. 90,3g
Bai 35: Hoa tan ht 16,3 gam hn hp kim loai gm Mg, Al va Fe trong
dung dich H 2SO4 c, nong thu c 0,55 mol SO2. C can dung dich sau
phan ng, khi lng cht rn khan thu c la: A. 51,8g B. 55,2g C. 69,1g
D. 82,9g Bai 36: Cho 18,4 g hn hp kim loai A,B tan ht trong dung
dich hn hp gm HNO3 c va H 2SO4 c, nong thy thoat ra 0,3 mol NO va
0,3mol SO2. C can dung dich sau phan ng, khi lng cht rn thu c la:
A. 42,2g B. 63,3g C. 79,6g D. 84,4g PHNG PHP 4. PP BO TON IN TCH Cu
160. Kt qu xc nh nng mol/l cc ion c trong mt dung dch nh sau: Ion
Nng mol/l Na+ 0,05 Ca2+ 0,01 NO3 HCO3
Cl0,04
0,01
0,025
Hi kt qu ng hay sai? Ti sao? S: Sai2 Cu 161. Mt mu nc cng vnh cu
c cha 0,03 mol Ca 2+ ; 0,13 mol Mg 2+ 0,2 mol Cl v a mol SO 4 . Ga
tr ca a l :
A. 0,01 mol
B. 0,04 mol+
C. 0,06 mol 3 2 3
D. 0,12 mol
2 Cu 162. Dung dch A cha cc ion Na : a mol; HCO b mol; CO : c
mol; SO4 : D MOL. to ra kt ta ln nht, ngi
ta dng 100 ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 nng x mol/l. Lp biu thc tnh x
theo a v b. S: x = (a +b)/0,2.2 Cu 163. Mt dung dch A c cha 2
cation l Fe2+: 0,1 mol; Al3+: 0,2 mol v 2 anion l Cl-: x mol; SO4 :
y mol. Khi c cn dung
dch A thu c 46,9 gam cht rn. Tm x, y?
13
S: x = 0,2; y = 0,3.
Cu 164. (TSC 2007 Khi A): Mt dd c cha 0,02 mol Cu2+, 0,03 mol
K+, x mol Cl-, v y mol SO 2- . Tng khi lng cc 4mui tan c trong dd l
5,435 gam. Tnh gi x, y l: A. 0,03 v 0,02 B. 0,05 v 0,01 C.0,01 v
0,032+ 3+
D. 0,02 v 0,0524
Cu 165. Dung dch A: 0,1 mol M ; 0,2 mol Al , 0,3 mol SO v cn li
Cl-. Khi c cn dung dch A thu c 47,7 gam rn. VyM l: A. Mg B. Fe3+
2+
C. Cu
D. kim loi khc
2Cu 166. Dung dch X c cha x mol Al , y mol Cu , z mol SO 4 , 0,4
mol Cl- . Nu c cn ddX th thu c 45,2 gam mui khan.
Nu cho NH3 d vo X, thy c 15, 6 gam kt ta. Tnh x, y, z Dung dch X
c tnh axit, baz, trung tnh hay lng tnh Cu 167. Dung dch A cha a mol
Na+, b mol NH4+, c mol SO42- (khng k cc ion H+ v OH- ca nc). Nu thm
(c + d + e) mol Ba(OH)2 vo dd A, un nng s thu c kt ta B. Tng s mol
cc mui trong B gm: A. (e + c + d) B. (c + d) C. + d)D. (2c + d) +
2+ Cu 168. Mt dd cha a mol Na , b mol Ca , c mol HCO3- v d mol Cl-.
H thc lin lc gia a, b, c, d c xc nh l: A. 2a + 2b = c + d B. a + 2b
= c + d C. a - 2b = c + d D. 2a + b = c + d Cu 169. Cho hn hp gm a
mol FeS2 v b mol Cu2S tc dng va vi dung dch HNO3 th thu c dung dch
A (cha 2 mui sunfat) v 0,8 mol kh NO l sn phm kh duy nht. Tm a v b
l A. a = 0,12; b = 0,06. B. a = 0,06; b = 0,03. C. a = 0,06; b =
0,12. B. a = 0,03; b = 0,06. Cu 170. Cho hn hp gm a mol FeS2 v 0,06
mol Cu2S tc dng va vi dung dch HNO3 th thu c dung dch A (cha 2 mui
sunfat) v V lt kh NO l sn phm kh duy nht. Cho dung dch A tc dng vi
BaCl2 d th thu c m gam kt ta. Gi tr m l A. 69,9 B. 41,94 C. 55,92
D. 52,2 Cu 171. Cho hn hp gm a mol FeS2 v b mol Cu2S tc dng va vi
dung dch HNO3 th thu c dung dch A (cha 2 mui sunfat) v 0,8 mol kh
NO l sn phm kh duy nht. Cho dung dch A tc dng vi Ba(OH)2 d th thu c
m gam kt ta. Gi tr m l A. 94,5 B. 66,54 C. 80,52 D. 70,02 Cu 172.
Cho hn hp gm a mol FeS2 v b mol Cu2S tc dng va vi dung dch HNO3 th
thu c dung dch A (cha 2 mui sunfat) v 2,4 mol kh NO2 l sn phm kh
duy nht. Cho dung dch A tc dng vi Ba(OH)2 d th thu c kt ta E. Nung
E n khi lng khng i th thu c m gam cht rn. Gi tr m l A. 98,1 B.
61,14 C. 75,12 D. 80,10 PHNG PHP 5. PHNG PHP TNG GIM KHI LNG
Cu 173. Nhng thanh km vo dd cha 8,32g CdSO4. Sau khi kh hon ton
ion Cd2+ khi lng thanh km tng 2,35% so viban u. Hi khi lng thanh km
ban u. S: a = 80g.
Cu 174. Nhng thanh kim loi M ho tr 2 vo dd CuSO4, sau mt thi
gian ly thanh kim loi ra thy khi lng gim 0,05%. Mtkhc nhng thanh
kim loi trn vo dd Pb(NO3)2, sau mt thi gian thy khi lng tng 7,1%.
Xc nh M, bit rng s mol CuSO4 v Pb(NO3)2 tham gia 2 trng hp nh nhau.
S: Zn
Cu 175. Cho 3,78g bt Al phn ng va vi dd mui XCl 3 to thnh dd Y.
Khi lng cht tan trong dd Y gim 4,06g so vidd XCl3. Xc nh cng thc ca
mui XCl3. S: FeCl3.
Cu 176. Nung 100g hn hp gm Na2CO3 v NaHCO3 cho n khi khi lng hn
hp khng i c 69g cht rn. Xc nhphn trm khi lng ca mi cht trong hn hp.
S: NaHCO3 chim 84% v Na2CO3 chim 16%. Cu 177. Ho tan hon ton 23,8g
hn hp mt mui cacbonat ca kim loi ho tr I v mt mui cacbonat ca kim
loi ho tr II vo dd HCl thy thot ra 0,2mol kh. Khi c cn dd sau phn
ng th thu c bao nhiu gam mui khan? S: mmui = 23,8 + 2,2 = 26g.
Cu 178. Nhng 1 l km nng 5,2g vo 100ml dung dch Cu(NO3)2 1M, sau
thi gian ly ra cn li ch cn nng 5,18g.Tnh khi lng Cu bm trn thanh
km. S: m = 64 . 0,02 = 1,28(g) Cu 179. Ngm 1 l Cu trong dung dch
AgNO3, sau mt thi gian phn ng ly l Cu ra khi dung dch nhn thy khi
lng Cu tng thm 1,52g.
14
Tnh khi lng bc to thnh v khi lng Cu phn ng. S: Khi lng bc to
thnh : 0,02 x 108 = 2,16(g) Khi lng Cu phn ng : 0,01 x 64 = 0,64(g)
Cu 180. A l kim loi ha tr 2. C 2 ming kim loi A cng khi lng. Ming
th I nhng vo dung dch CuSO 4, ming th II nhng vo dung dch HgSO4.
Sau mt thi gian thy khi lng ming th I gim 3,6%, ming th II tng
6,75% s phn t gam mui trong 2 dung dch gim nh nhau. Xc nh tn kim
loi A. p s: Cd Cu 181. Ly 2 thanh kim loi M u c khi lng 1g. Nhng
thanh th nht vo dd AgNO 3 v thanh th hai vo dd Cu(NO3)2 . Sau mt
thi gian khi lng thanh th nht tng 151%, thanh th hai gim 1% (so vi
ban u). Bit rng s nguyn t gam ca 2 thanh kim loi tan vo dung dch nh
nhau. Xc nh thanh kim loi M. S mol trong 2 dung dch AgNO3 v
Cu(NO3)2 thay i nh th no? p s: M l Zn Cu 182. C mt hn hp gm NaCl v
NaBr trong NaBr chim 10% v khi lng. Ha tan hn hp vo nc ri cho kh
Clor li qua dung dch cho n d lm bay hi dung dch cho ti khi thu c
mui khan. Khi lng hn hp ban u thay i bao nhiu? p s: gim 4,32% Cu
183. C hn hp gm NaI v NaBr. Ha tan hn hp vo nc cho brm d vo dung
dch trn. Sau phn ng c cn dung dch th thy khi lng sn phm nh hn khi
lng hn hp 2 mui ban u l m(g). Ha tan sn phm vo nc ri cho clo li qua
cho n d. Sau phn ng c cn dung dch th thy khi lng sn phm thu c ln 2
nh hn khi lng sn phm ln 1 l m(g). nh phn trm khi lng ca NaBr trong
hn hp u. p s: 3,71% Cu 184. C 1 lt dd Na2CO3 0,1M v (NH4)2CO3
0,25M. Cho 43g hn hp BaCl2 v CaCl2 vo dd . Sau khi cc phn ng kt thc
thu c 39,7g kt ta A. Tnh % khi lng cc cht trong A. Cu 185. Ho tan
10g hn hp 2 mui XCO3 v Y2(CO3)3 bng dd HCl ta thu c dd A v 0,672 lt
kh bay ra ( ktc). Hi c cn dd A th thu c bao nhiu gam mui khan? Cu
186. Nhng mt thanh nhm nng 50g vo 400ml dd CuSO4 0,5M. Sau mt thi
gian ly thanh nhm ra cn nng 51,38g. Tnh khi lng Cu thot ra v nng cc
cht trong dd sau phn ng, gi s tt c Cu thot ra bm vo thanh nhm. Cu
187. Ho tan hon ton 10g hn hp 2 kim loi trong dd d, thy to ra 2,24
lt kh H2 (ktc). C cn dd sau phn ng, thu c bao nhiu gam mui khan. Cu
188. 4,2g ester n chc no E x phng ha bng dung dch NaOH d thu c
4,76g mui. Tm cng thc phn t ca E. Cu 189. Cho hn hp 2 ru n chc no
tc dng ht vi HBr ta thu c hn hp 2 ankyl bromua tng ng c khi lng gp
i khi lng 2 ru. Phn hy 2 ankyl bromua chuyn brom thnh Br - v cho tc
dng v AgNO3 d th thu c 5,264g kt ta AgBr. Tnh khi lng 2 ru ban u. p
s: 1,764 gam Cu 190. t chy hon ton ag hn hp hai ru no, n chc c hn
hp kh v hi. Cho hn hp kh v hi ny ln lt i qua bnh 1 ng H2SO4 c v bnh
2 ng nc vi trong d, thy bnh 1 tng 1,98g v bnh 2 c 8g kt ta. Tnh a.
S: a = 14.0,08 + 18.0,03 = 1,66g
Cu 191. un p gam hn hp 2 ru vi H2SO4 c thu c V lt (ktc) hn hp 2
anken. t chy hon ton hn hp anken thu c x lt CO2 (ktc) v y gam H2O.
Lp biu thc tnh x, y theo p, V. S:
y=
9 p 7,23V 7
x=
11,2 p 9V 7
PHNG PHP 6. PHNG PHP TNG GIM TH TCH (S MOL)
Cu 192. Cho 2lt N2 v 8lt H2 vo bnh phn ng. Hn hp thu c sau phn
ng c th tch bng 8lt (th tch kh o trongcng iu kin v nhit v p sut).
Tnh th tch kh amoniac to thnh v hiu sut phn ng. S: 50%
Cu 193. Trn 30ml hn hp X gm N2 , NO vi 30ml khng kh thu c 54ml
hn hp Y. Cho vo hn hp Y 50ml khng khthu c 100ml hn hp Z. Cc th tch
u o trong cng iu kin v khng kh, O2 chim 20% Tnh % th tch ca hn hp
X. S:
20 x 100 = 66, 7 30 % N 2 = 100 66, 7 = 33, 3 % NO =
15
Cu 194. Trong bnh phn ng c 100mol hn hp N2 v H2 t l 1:3. p sut
ca hn hp kh ban u l 300 atm v ca hnhp sau phn ng l 285 atm. Nhit
bnh gi khng i. Tnh s mol cc kh trong hn hp sau phn ng. Tnh hiu sut
phn ng. S:
H=
2,5 . 100% = 10(%) 25
Cu 195. un nng 0,166g hn hp 2 ru vi H2SO4 m c ta thu c hn hp 2
olefin ng ng lin tip (H = 100%).Trn 2 olefin vi 1,4336 lt khng kh
(kc). Sau khi t chy ht olefin v lm ngng t hi nc th hn hp kh cn li
(A) l 1,5 lt (27,3oC v 0,9856 atm ). Tm cng thc phn t v khi lng cc
ru. Tnh khi lng hi nc ngng t. Tnh dA/KK . S: C2H5OH, C3H7OH
MA = d A / kk
1,824 = 30, 4 0, 06 30, 4 = = 1, 048 29
Cu 196. t chy hon ton 100cm3 h2 X gm cht hu c A (C, H, N) th kh
vi khng kh ly d th sau phn ng thuc 105cm3 hn hp kh (Y), tip tc cho
hi nc ngng t cn 91cm3 hn hp (Z). Cho (Z) qua dung dch KOH d cn
83cm3 (cc th tch kh o trong cng iu kin). Tm cng thc phn t ca A. p
s: CTPTA : C2H7N Cu 197. Trn 150cm3 hn hp X gm hidrocacbon A v N2
vi 800cm3 O2 ly d . t hn hp thu c 950cm3 hn hp kh lm lnh cn li
750cm3; tip tc cho qua bnh cha dd Ba(OH)2 d cn li 550cm3 (cc kh u o
trong cng iu kin). Tm cng thc phn t ca A. Tnh % th tch cc kh trong
hn hp X. p s CTPT A : C2H4, % C2H4 = 100/150 x 100% = 66,67%, % N2
= 100% - 66,67% = 33,33% Cu 198. 250ml h2 X gm hidrocacbon A v CO2
vo 1,25 lit O2 ly d ri t, th tch kh sau phn ng l 1,7 lit sau khi
qua bnh cha H2SO4 c cn 900ml v tip tc cho qua bnh cha KOH ch cn
250ml . Tm CTPT A. Tnh % theo th tch ca h2 X. p s CTPT A : C3H8 %
C3H8 = 200/250 x100% = 80% % CO2 = 20% PHNG PHP 7. PHNG PHP NG
CHO
Cu 199. Cn bao nhiu lt ddH2SO4 c khi lng ring d1 = 1,84 v bao
nhiu lt nc ct (d2 = 1) pha thnh 18 lt ddH2SO4c khi lng d = 1,28. p
s: V1 = 6 l; V2 = 12 l
Cu 200. thu c 120 gam ddHCl 20% cn ly m1 gam ddHCl 15% pha vi m2
gam ddHCl 45%. Tnh gi tr m1, m2?p s: m1 = 100 g; m2 = 20 g
Cu 201. Nguyn t Cu c 2 ng v63,54.
63 29
Cu va Cu. Tnh % s nguyn t ca mi loi ng v, bit khi lng nguyn t Cu
lp s: 73%, 27%
65 29
Cu 202. (TSH 2007- khi A) Ha tan hon ton 12 gam hh Fe, Cu (t l
mol 1: 1) bmg dd HNO3, thu c V (lt) hh khX(gm NO v NO2) v ddY (ch
cha 2 mui v axit d). T khi ca X i vi H2 bng 19. Gi tr ca V l: A.
2,24 B. 4,48 C. 5,60 D. 3,36 Cu 203. Cho 12,8 gam hh cc kim loi tc
dng ht vi dd HNO 3 d , th thu c 0, 2 mol hhX c 2 kh (NO, NO 2) , t
khi ca X so vi H2 l 19. Tnh khi lng mui thu c sau phn ng? p s: 37,6
gam Cu 204. Ho tan 29,7 gam hh hai mui CaCO3 v BaCO3 bng ddHCl d,
thu c 4,48 lt kh CO2 (ktc). Tnh % theo khi lng ca cc mui CaCO3 v
BaCO3. p s: 66,33% Cu 205. Mt dd HCl nng 45% v mt dd HCl khc c nng
15%. Cn phi pha ch theo t l no v khi lng gia 2 dd trn c mt dd mi c
nng 20%. Cu 206. Ho tan bao nhiu gam KOH nguyn cht vo 1200 g dd KOH
12% c dd KOH 20%.
16
Cu 207. Tm lng nc nguyn cht cn thm vo 1 lt dd H2SO4 98% c dd mi
c nng 10%. Cu 208. Cn bao nhiu lt H2SO4 c t khi d = 1,84 v bao nhiu
lt nc ct pha thnh 10 lt dd H2SO4 c d = 1,28. Cu 209. Cn ly bao nhiu
gam tinh th CuSO4 . 5H2O v bao nhiu gam dd CuSO4 8% iu ch 280 gam
dd CuSO4 16%. Cu 210. Cn ho tan 200g SO3 vo bao nhiu gam dd H2SO4
49% c dd H2SO4 78,4%. Cu 211. Cn ly bao nhiu lt H2 v CO iu ch 26 lt
hn hp H2 v CO c t khi hi i metan bng 1,5.Cu 212. Cn trn 2 th tch
metan vi mt th tch ng ng no ca metan thu c hn hp kh c t khi hi so
vi hiro bng 15. Cu 213. Ho tan 4,59 gam Al bng dd HNO3 thu c hn hp
kh NO v N2O c t khi hi i vi hiro bng 46,75. Tnh th tch mi kh. Cu
214. A l qung hematit cha 60% Fe2O3. B l qung manhetit cha 69,6%
Fe3O4. Cn trn qung A v B theo t l khi lng nh th no c qung C, m t 1
tn qung C c th iu ch c 0,5 tn gang cha 4% ccbon. Cu 215. Cn thm bao
nhiu gam nc vo 500g dung dch NaOH 12% c dd NaOH 8% ? S :
mH 2O = 250 g VH 2 VCO 4 2 = 22 11
Cu 216. Cn trn H2 v CO theo t l th tch nh th no c hn hp kh c t
khi so vi metan bng 1,5.S:
=
Cu 217. Ho tan 4,59g Al bng dd HNO3 long thu c hn hp kh NO v N2O
c t khi so vi H2 bng 16,75. Tnh t l th tch khtrong hn hp. S:
VN 2O VNO
=
3,5 1 = 10, 5 3
Cu 218. Trn 2 th tch CH4 vi 1 th tch hirocacbon X thu c hn hp kh
(ktc) c t khi so vi H2 bng 15. Xc nhCTPT ca X. S: C4H10
Cu 219. T 1 tn qung hematit (A) iu ch c 420kg st. T 1 tn qung
manhetit (B) iu ch c 504kg st. Phi trn 2qung trn vi t l v khi lng l
bao nhiu c 1 tn qung hn hp m t 1 tn qung hn hp ny iu ch c 480kg st
? S:
mA 24 2 = = mB 60 5
PHNG PHP 8. PHNG PHP TRUNG BNH
Cu 220. Hn hp X gm 2 kim loi kim 2 chu k lin tip. Khi cho 12,4 g
hhX tc dng ht vi dd HCl th thu c 4,48 litkh H2 (kc). Hy xc nh: Tn 2
kim loi kim trong hhX. Tnh % khi lng mi kim loi. p s: % Na =
23.0,2 .100% = 37,1% 12,4
% K = 100% - 37,1% = 62,9%
Cu 221. t chy hon ton 11,8g hn hp 2 ankan ng ng lin tip th thu c
17,92 lit kh CO2 (kc).Xc nh CTPT mi ankan. Tm % th tch mi ankan
trong hn hp. p s: %C2H6 = 33,33% %C3H8 = 66,67% Cu 222. Chia m g hh
2 ru n chc no ng ng lin tip ra lm 2 phn ging nhau: Phn I : tc dng
ht vi Na thu c 2.24 lit H2 (kc). Phn II : t chy hon ton thu c 6,72
lit CO2 (kc). Xc nh cng thc phn t mi ru. p s : CH3OH v C2H5OH Cu
223. Ho tan 2,84g hn hp 2 mui CaCO3 v MgCO3 bng dd HCl thy bay ra
672 cm3 kh CO2 ( ktc). Tnh % khi lng mi mui trong hn hp u.
17
Cu 224. Trong thin nhin ng kim loi cha 2 loi 6329Cu v 6529Cu.
Nguyn t lng (s khi trung bnh ca hn hp cc ngv) ca ng l 64,4. Tnh
thnh phn % s lng mi loi ng v. Cu 225. C 100g dd 23% ca mt axit hu c
no n chc (ddA). Thm vo dd A 30g mt axit ng ng lin tip ta thu c dd
B. Ly 1/10 dd B em trung ho bng dd xt (dd trung ho gi l dd C). Tnh
nng % ca cc axit trong dd B. Xc nh cng thc phn t ca cc axit. C cn
dd C th thu c bao nhiu gam mui khan. Cu 226. t chy hon ton mt hn hp
gm 2 hiro cacbon ng ng lin tip ngi ta thu c 20,16 lt CO2 (ktc) v
19,8g H2O. Xc nh cng thc phn t ca 2 hiro v tnh thnh phn % theo s
mol ca mi cht. Cu 227. t chy 3,075g hn hp 2 ru ng ng ca ru metylic
v cho sn phm ln lt i qua bnh mt ng H2SO4 c v bnh hai ng KOH rn. Tnh
khi lng cc bnh tng ln, bit rng nu cho lng ru trn tc dng vi natri
thy bay ra 0,672 lt hiro ( ktc). Lp cng thc phn t 2 ru. Cu 228.
trung ho a gam hn hp 2 axit ng ng lin tip ca axit fomic cn dng
100ml dd NaOH 0,3M. Mt khc em t chy a gam hn hp axit v cho sn phm
ln lt i qua bnh 1 ng H 2SO4 c v bnh 2 ng KOH. Sau khi kt thc th
nghim ngi ta nhn thy khi lng bnh 2 tng ln nhiu hn khi lng bnh 1 l
3,64 gam. Xc nh CTPT ca cc axit. Cu 229. Trong mt bnh kn dung tch
16 lt cha hn hp hi ba ru n chc A, B, C v 13,44g O2, nhit v p sut
trong bnh l 109,2C v 0,98atm. Bt tia la in t chy ht ru, sau a nhit
bnh v 136,5C , p sut trong bnh lc ny l P. Cu 230. Cho tt c kh trong
bnh sau khi t chy ln lt i qua bnh 1 ng H 2SO4 c v bnh 2 ng KOH c.
Sau th nghim thy khi lng bnh 1 tng 3,78g cn bnh 2 tng 6,16g. Tnh p
sut P. Xc nh cng thc phn t cc ru A, B, C bit rng B, C c cng s nguyn
t cacbon v s mol ca ru A bng 5/3 tng s mol ca cc ru B v C. Cu 231.
Cho 0,672 lit (kc) hn hp kh A gm 2 hidrocacbon mch h. Chia A thnh 2
phn bng nhau: Phn 1 cho qua dd Br2 d, khi lng dd tng x gam, lng Br2
phn ng l 3,2g khng c kh thot ra khi dung dch. t chy phn 2 v cho sn
phm chy qua bnh ng P2O5, sau qua bnh ng KOH rn. Sau th nghim, bnh
ng P2O5 tng y gam v bnh ng KOH tng 1,76g. Tm cng thc 2 hidrocacbon.
Tnh % th tch cc kh trong A. Tnh x v y p s: y = 0,63g Cu 232. Ho tan
hon ton 4,68g hn hp mui cacbonat ca hai kim loi A v B k tip trong
nhm IIA vo dd HCl thu c 1,12 lit CO2 ktc. Xc nh tn kim loi A v B.
Bin lun: A < 33,6 A l Mg = 24 B > 33,6 B l Ca = 40.
Cu 233. t chy hon ton a g hn hp hai ru no, n chc lin tip trong
dy ng ng thu c 3,584 lt CO 2 ktc v3,96g H2O. Tnh a v xc nh CTPT ca
cc ru. S:
C 2 H5 OH C3H 7 OH 5 tng s mol ca ru B v C. 3
Cu 234. Hn hp 3 ru n chc A, B, C c tng s mol l 0,08 v khi lng l
3,387. Xc nh CTPT ca A, B, C, bit rngB v C c cng s nguyn t cacbon v
s mol ru A bng S: C3H5OH (CH2 = CH - CH2OH) v C3H7OH C3H3OH (CH C -
CH2OH) v C3H7OH
Cu 235. Cho 2,84g hn hp 2 ru n chc l ng ng lin tip nhau tc dng
vi mt lng Na va to ra 4,6g cht rnv V lt kh H2 ktc. Tnh V v xc nh
CTPT ca cc ru. S: V=
0,08 .22,4 = 0,896 lt. 2
CH3OH, C2H5OH. PHNG PHP 9. PHNG PHP BIN LUN Cu 236. Tm CTPT ca
hp cht hu c c CTN l (C2H7N)n?
18
Cu 237. Tm CTPT ca hp cht hu c c CTN l (C4H9ClO)n? Cu 238. Mt
axit no a chc mch h c cng thc nguyn l (C3H4O3)n. Tm CTPT ca A? Cu
239. Mt axit cacboxylic mch h CTN l (C4H7O2)m. Tm CTPT? Cu 240. Mt
amin bc nht c CTN l (CH4N)n. Tm CTCT ca amin? Cu 241. Mt hp cht hu
c c cng thc nguyn l (CH3O)n. Tm CTPT? Cu 242. Mt anhit no, a chc,
mch h c cng thc nguyn l (C2H3O)n.Tm CTPT?
Cu 243. Mt axit no, mch h c cng thc nguyn l (C2H3O2)n.Bin lun tm
CTPT? Cu 244. Nguyn t Y c tng s ht (p, e, n) l 34. Xc nh s proton,
s ntron, s electron trong nguyn t Y v tn nguyn t Y? Cu 245. T khi
hi ca mt aneht A i vi hiro bng 28. Xc nh CTPT. Vit CTPT ca aneht.
Cu 246. Khi thu phn 0,01 mol este ca mt ru a chc vi mt axit n chc,
tiu tn 1,2g xt. Mt khc, khi thu phn 6,53g este tiu tn 3g xt v thu c
7,05g mui. Xc nh CTPT v CTCT ca este. Cu 247. Ho tan hon ton hn hp
A gm Al v kim loi X (ho tr a) trong H2SO4 c nng n khi khng cn kh
thot ra thu c dd B v kh C. Kh C b hp th NaOH d to ra 50,4g mui. Khi
thm vo A mt lng kim loi X bng 2 ln lng kim loi X c trong A (gi
nguyn lng Al) ri ho tan hon ton bng H2SO4 c, nng th lng mui trong
dd mi tng thm 32g so vi lng mui trong dd B nhng nu gim mt na lng Al
c trong A (gi nguyn lng X) th khi ho tan ta thu c l 5,6l (ktc) kh
C. a) Tnh khi lng nguyn t ca X bit rng s ht (p, n, e) trong X l 93.
b) Tnh % v khi lng cc kim loi trong A. Cu 248. Oxi ha 4 gam ru n
chc X bng oxi (c xc tc) thu c 5,6 gam hhY gm anehit, ru d, nc. Xc
nh CTPT X v hiu sut phn ng? PHNG PHP 10. PHNG PHP DNG PHNG TRNH
ION
(TSH 2007 khi A): Trn 100 ml dd A gm Ba(OH)2 0,1M v NaOH 0,1M vi
400 ml dd B gm H2SO4 0,0375 M v HCl 0,0125M thu c ddX. Gi tr pH ca
ddX l (Gi s cc axit v baz trn u in li mnh c hai nc): A. 7,0 B. 2,0
C.1,0 D.6,0 (TSH 2007 khi B): Thc hin hai th nghim sau: TN 1: Cho
3,84 gam Cu phn ng vi 80 ml dd HNO3 1M thot ra V1 lt kh NO. TN 2:
Cho 3,84 gam Cu phn ng vi 80 ml dd gm HNO3 1M v H2SO4 0,5M thot ra
V2 lt kh NO. Bit NO l sn phm kh duy nht, cc th tch kh o cng iu kin.
Quan h gia V1 v V2 l A. V2 = V1 B. V2 = 2V1 C.V2 = 2,5V1 D.V2 =
1,5V1 (Thi Th TNPT - 2007): Hn hp A gm (Na, K, Ba). Cho hhA vo nc
thu c ddB v 4, 48 lt kh H 2 (ktc). B tc dng va vi m gam Al. Gi tr
ca m l A. 10,8 B. 2,7 C.5,4 D.21,6 Cu 249. Cho mt lng bt ng d vo dd
cha 0,5 mol KNO3 sau thm tip dd cha 0,2 mol HCl v 0,3 mol H2SO4 cho
n khi kt thc phn ng. Tnh th tch kh khng mu (nng hn khng kh) bay ra
ktc. Cu 250. Cho 1,92 gam ng vo 100ml dd cha ng thi KNO 3 0,16M v
H2SO4 0,4M, thy sinh ra mt cht kh c t khi hi i vi H2 l 15 v thu dd
A. Vit phng trnh ion thu gn ca phn ng xy ra v tnh th tch kh sinh ra
(ktc) Tnh th tch dd NaOH 0,5M ti thiu cn dng kt ta ton b Cu2+ trong
ddA. (HQG TP. HCM t 2-2000-2001) PHNG PHP 11. PHNG PHP TH PHNG PHP
12. PHNG PHP SO SNH PHNG PHP 13. PHNG PHP NG LNG TRAO I Cu 251. Cho
16,8 gam Fe tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 thu c dung dch A (ch cha mt
mui) v 1 kh NO thot ra, khi lng n tng ln 7,2 gam. Khi lng mui c
trong dung dch A l A. 54,0 gam B. 72,6 gam C. 72,0 gam D. 52,2 gam
Cu 252. Hn hp A gm Cu, Fe c t l khi lng mCu : mFe= 7 : 3. Ly m gam
A cho phn ng hon ton vi ddHNO3 thy c 44 HNO3 phn ng, thu c 0,75m
gam cht rn, dung dch B v 5,6lt kh C gm NO, NO2(ktc). Khi lng m gam
A trn l: A. 40,5g B. 50g C. 50,2g D. 50,4g Cu 253. Cho 28,6 gam Zn
tc dng ht vi dung dch HNO3 thu c dung dch A v 1792 ml kh NO (ktc)
(duy nht). C cn dung d A, thu c khi lng mui khan l A. 89,56 gam B.
83,16 gam C. 110,44 gam D. 22,68 gam Cu 254. Cho m gam Mg tc dng va
vi dung dch HNO3 th thu c 0,06 mol NO2 duy nht thot ra v dung dch
A. Ly ton dung dch A tc dng va vi 200 ml dung dch NaOH 1,2 M. Gi tr
ca m l A. 0,72 B. 2,64 C. 3,20 D. 2,40 Cu 255. Cho 14,08 gam Cu tc
dng ht vi dung dch HNO 3 thu c dung dch A v V lt kh NO duy nht thot
ra (ktc). C cn du dch A v en nung n khi lng khng i th thu c 13,216
lt kh (ktc) thot ra. Gi tr ca V l A. 0,896 B. 3,284 C. 4,48 D.
6,72
19
Cu 256.
Oxi ho chm m gam Fe ngoi khng kh thu c 24g hn hp A gm FeO, Fe
2O3, Fe3O4 v Fe d. Ho tan hn hp A va dung dch HNO3 thu c 13,44 lt
NO2 duy nht (ktc). Khi lng m gam Fe ban u l: A. 20,16 B. 22,16 C.
24g D. 21,6 Cu 257. Nung 32,4 gam kim loi R (c ha tr khng i) vi O 2
th thu c 42 gam hn hp rn A. Ha tan ht rn A bng 3400 ddHCl 1 M th
thu c 26,88 lt kh (ktc) v m gam mui. Xc nh R v gi tr m? Cu 258. Cho
0,02 mol Fe, 0,03mol Cu tc dng vi dung dch c cha 0,12 mol AgNO 3 th
thu c m gam kt ta v dung dch A. Thm t t ddHCl n d v b gam Cu vo
dung dch A n khi phn ng hon ton (gi s ch to sn phm kh l NO). Gi tr
m v b l PHNG PHP 14. PHNG PHP QUY I TNG NG(XEM THM TI LIU PP DO T.
CAO SON) Cu 259. Cu 260. NGAY PHNG PHP 15. T CHN LNG CHT V LNG CHT
D S c mt lng cht d thng lm cho bi ton tr nn phc tp, pht hin v gii
quyt nhng bi ton ca dng ton ny, yu cu cc em phi nm c nhng ni dung
sau: 1. Nguyn nhn c lng cht d: a. Lng cho trong bi ton khng ph hp
vi phn ng. b. Tng tc ho hc xy ra khng hon ton, (theo hiu sut <
100%). 2. Vai tr ca cht d: a. Tc dng vi cht cho vo sau phn ng. b.
Tc dng vi cht to thnh sau phn ng. 3. Cch pht hin c lng cht d v hng
gii quyt. Cht d trong bi ton ho hc thng biu hin hai mt: nh lng v nh
tnh (ch yu l nh lng), v th cc em cn c k bi trc khi bt tay vo gii.
Sau y chng ti xin gii thiu mt s v d: * Cht d tc dng ln cht mi cho
vo: Cu 261. em 11,2g bt Fe tc dng vi 1 lt dd HNO3 1,8M (to NO). Sau
phi dng 2 lt dd NaOH phn ng hon ton vi dd sau phn ng. Tt c phn ng
xy ra hon ton. Tnh nng M ca dd NaOH dng. Cu 262. em 80g CuO tc dng
vi dd H2SO4 ta thu c dd A. Nh vo A mt lng dd BaCl2 va , lc kt ta sy
kh, cn nng 349,5g. Tt c phn ng xy ra hon ton. * Cht d tc dng vi cht
to thnh sau phn ng. Cu 263. em 0,8mol AlCl3 trong dd phn ng vi 3 lt
dd NaOH 1M. Hi cui cng ta thu c g? Bit tt c phn ng xy ra hon ton.
Cu 264. t chy m g bt Fe trong bnh A cha 3,38lt kh Clo 0C, 1 atm; ch
cho tt c phn ng xy ra xong, ta cho vo bnh mt lng dd NaOH va th thu
c kt ta em sy kh ngoi khng kh th nhn thy khi lng tng thm l 1,02g.
Tt c phn ng xy ra hon ton. Vit tt c phn ng xy ra, tnh khi lng bt Fe
dng. PHNG PHP 16. GII TON BNG PP HA TR (XEM THM TI LIU PP DO T. CAO
SON)
Cu 265. Cho 6,55g hn hp Na, Na2O ho tan hon ton vo nc, thu c
1,68 lt kh(ktc), thnh phn phn trm ca Na2Otrong hn hp l: A. 52,67 %
B. 65,32 % C. 43,46 % D. 47,33 % Cu 266. Cho V (ml) dung dch A gm
K2CO3 0,35 M v Na3PO4 0,1 M tc dng va vi 100 ml dung dch B gm Ba(NO
3)2 0,25 M v CaCl2 0,75 M. Gi tr ca V l A. 100 B. 150 C. 200 D. 250
Cu 267. Cho V (ml) dung dch A gm MgCl2 0,25 M v Fe2(SO4)3 0,25 M tc
dng va vi 200 ml dung dch B gm Ba(OH)2 0,25 M v NaOH 0,5 M. Gi tr
ca V l A. 100 B. 150 C. 200 D. 250 Cu 268. Hn hp gm NaHCO3 v Na2CO3
tc dng vi dung dch BaCl2 d thu c 29,55 g kt ta. Mt khc cng lng hn
hp trn tc dng va ht vi 250ml dung dch NaOH 1M. Khi lng hn hp mui
ban u l: (Ch c Na2CO3 tc dng vi BaCl2 to kt ta) A. 42,3g B. 56,7g
C. 28,6 g D. 36,9 g Cu 269. Cho V (lt) dung dch A gm NaOH 0,5 M v
Ba(OH) 2 0,25 M tc dng va vi 100 ml dung dch Y gm Cu(NO 3)2 1,0 M v
Fe(NO3)3 0,75 M. Gi tr ca V l A. 0,25 B. 0,50 C. 0,425 D. 0,672 Cu
270. Cho V (lt) dung dch A gm NaOH 0,5 M v Ba(OH)2 0,25 M tc dng va
vi 100 ml dung dch Y gm Zn(NO3)2 1,0 M v Al(NO3)3 0,75 M thu c dung
dch C nhng khng thu c kt ta.. Gi tr ca V l A. 0,25 B. 0,50 C. 0,70
D. 0,75 Cu 271. Mt cc cha 200ml nc cng c: Ca(HCO 3)2 0,1M v CaCl2
0,2M . lm mt tnh cng ca nc, ngi ta phi dng bao nhiu ml dung dch
Na2CO3 0,5 M ? A. 120ml B. 160ml C. 200ml D. 180 ml Cu 272. Cho 8,7
g hn hp gm K v Mg tan vo nc thu c 1,12 lt kh (ktc). Khi lng mi kim
loi trong hn hp ln lt l:
20
A. 3,9 g v 4,8g
B. 1,95g v 6,75gC. 1,56g v 7,14gD. 7,8g v 0,9g
Cu 273. Ha tan 2 kim loi Ba v Na vo nc c dd(A) v c 13,44 lt H2
bay ra (ktc). Th tch dung dch HCl 1M cn trung ha hon ton dd A l:
A.1,2lt B.2,4lt C.4,8lt D.0,5lt. Cu 274. Ho tan ht 11 gam hn hp kim
loi gm Al , Fe, Zn trong dung dch H2SO4 long thu c 0,4 mol H2 v x
gam hn hp mui khan . Tnh x? . A. 48,6 gam B. 49,4 gam C. 89,3 gam
D. 56,4 gam Cu 275. t chy ht 2,86 gam hn hp kim loi gm Al, Fe , Cu
c 4,14 gam hn hp 3 oxit . ho tan ht hn hp oxit ny, phi dng ng 0,4
lt dung dch HCl v thu c dung dch X. C cn dung dich X th khi lng mui
khan l bao nhu ? . A. 9,45 gam B.7,49 gam C. 8,54 gam D. 6,45 gam
Cu 276. t chy x gam hh 3 kim loi Mg , Al , Fe bng 0,8 mol O2 , thu
c 37,4 gam hh rn B v cn li 0,2 mol O2 . Ho tan 37,4 gam hh B bng y
lt dd H 2SO4 2 M ( va ) , thu c z gam hh mui khan . Tnh x, y,z . A.
18,2gam, 0,6 lt, 133,4 gam B.98,3gam,0,7lt,122,4gam C.
23,1gam,0,8lt,123,4gam D.89,5gam,0,5lt,127,1gam
Cu 277.
Cho 24,12gam hn hp X gm CuO , Fe2O3 , Al2O3 tc dng va vi 350ml
dd HNO3 4M ri un n khan dung dch sau phn ng th thu c m gam hn hp
mui khan. Tnh m . A. 77,92 gam B.86,8 gam C. 76,34 gam D. 99,72 gam
Cu 278. Cho 16 gam hn hp X gm mt kim loi kim v kim loi kim th tc
dng ht vi nc thu uc dung dch B v 3,36 lt kh H2 (ktc) . Nu c cn dung
dch B c m1 gam hn hp rn , cn nu trung ho dung dich B bng dung dich
HCl ri c cn dung dch sn phm th c m2 gam hn hp mui khan . Tnh m1 v
m2 . A. 21,1 gam , 26,65gam B. 12,3gam,36,65gam C. 54,3gam,76,3gam
D. 12,3gam ,67,4gam PHNG PHP 17. PHNG PHP TCH GHP (XEM THM TI LIU
PP DO T. CAO SON)
Cu 279. Ho tan hn hp Mg v Zn trong dung dch H2SO4 d thu c
1,792(l) H2 (kc) , lng Zn gp 4,514 ln lng Mg .Khi lng hn hp ban u
l: A. 3,97(g) B. 3,64(g) C. 3,7(g) D. 3,5(g) Cu 280. Tch ghp. Ha
tan hon ton 1,53g hn hp 3 kim loi Mg, Cu, Zn vo dung dch HCl d thy
thot ra 448 ml lt H 2 (kc) . C cn hn hp sau phn ng ri nung khan
trong chn khng s thu c mt cht rn c khi lng l : A. 2,95gam B.3,90gam
C.2,24gam D.1,885gam Cu 281. Cho1,78 gam hn hp 2 kim loi ha tr II
tan hon ton trong dd H 2SO4 long thu 0,896 lt H2 (kc). Khi lng mui
thu c l : A. 9,46 gam. B. 5,62gam.. C. 3,78 gam. D. 6, 18gam. Cu
282. Chia hn hp hai kim loi A v B c ha tr khng i thnh hai phn bng
nhau: Phn 1: Tan ht trong dung dch HCl to ra 1.792 lt H2 (kc) . Phn
2: Nung trong kh oxi thu c 2.84 gam hn hp oxit. Khi lng hn hp hai
kim loi ban u l: A. 5.08 gam B. 3.12 gam C. 2.64 gam D. 1.36 gam Cu
283. Cho 1g bt Fe tip xc vi oxi mt thi gian, thy khi lng bt vt qu
1,41g. Nu ch to thnh mt oxit duy nht th l: A. FeO B. Fe2O3 C. Fe3O4
D. FeO v Fe d. Cu 284. Ho tan 9,14g hn hp Cu, Fe, Al bng ddHCl d
thu c 7,84lt kh A(kc) v 2,54g cht rn B v dd C. Khi lng mui c trong
dd C l : A. 3,99g B. 33,25g C. 31,45g D. 3,145g Cu 285. Cho 10g kim
loi kim th tc dng ht vi nc thu c 6,11 lt kh ( 250C , 1atm). Kim loi
kim th dng l: A. Mg B. Ca C. Sr D. Ba Cu 286. Ho tan 7,8 g kim loi
X vo nc thu c 2,24 lit kh(ktc). Kim loi X l: A. Na B. K C. Ca D. Ba
Cu 287. Ho tan hon ton 2g kim loi thuc phn nhm chnh nhm II vo dung
dch HCl. Sau c cn thu c 5,55g mui khan. Kim loi l: A. Be B. Mg C.
Ca D. Ba
Cu 288. Ho tan ht 0,5 (g) hn hp Fe v kim loi ho tr II bng dung
dch H 2SO4 long, thu c 1,12 (l) H2 (kc) .Kim loiho tr II l : A. Be
B. Mg C. Ca D. Ba Cu 289. Ho tan mu hp kim Ba- Na vo nc thu c dung
dch A v c 13,44 (l) H 2 bay ra (kc) trung ho 1/10 dung dch A , th
tch dung dch HCl 1M cn dng l: A. 1200ml B. 120ml C. 125ml D. 130ml
Cu 290. Cho 68,5g mt kim loi kim th tc dng ht vi nc thu c 12,22lt
kh hidr o 25 0C v 1 atm. Tn ca kim loi kim th l: A. Magie B. Canxi
C. Stronti D. Bari
21
Cu 291. Cho 4,2 hn hp gm Mg, Fe v Zn tc dng ht vi dung dch HCl,
thy thot ra 2,24l H2 ktc. Khi lng mui khanto ra khi c cn dung dch
l: A. 7,1g B. 7,75g C. 11,3g D. 10,3g PHNG PHP 18. PHNG PHP IN PHN
Dng 1: Bi ton in phn nng chy Nhng ch khi gii bi ton in phn nng chy
Xem li phn l thuyt trang 14, 15. Cu 292. in phn nng chy mui clorua
kim loi kim. Khi catot thu c 3,12g kim loi th anot thu c 0,896 lt
kh (ktc). Xc nh cng thc mui in phn. S: KCl. Cu 293. Khi in phn nng
chy 25,98 g iotua ca mt kim loi A th thu c 12,69 g Iot. Hi iotua ca
kim loi no trong cc kim loi Li, Na, Ca, Cs b in phn ? S: CsI Cu
294. Hn hp A gm 2 mui clorua ca 2 kim loi ha tr II. in phn nng chy
ht 15,05g hn hp A th thu c 3,36 lt kh (ktc) anot (+) v mg kim loi
catot (-) . Tnh m ? S: m = 15,05 71 0,15 = 4,4 (g) Cu 295. A l mt
mui to bi mt kim loi v mt phi kim X ha tr I. in phn nng chy A thu c
12,8g cht rn catot (-) v 4,48 lt kh (ktc) anot (+). Mt khc 1,35g A
phn ng vi dd AgNO3 d thu c 2,87g . Xc nh CTPT A? S : CuCl2. Cu 296.
Sn xut nhm bng phng php in phn Al2O3 nng chy . Hy cho bit lng Al2O3
v C (anot (+) ) cn dng c th sn xut 0,54 tn nhm. Cho rng ton b lng
O2 sinh ra t chy dng cc thnh kh CO2. S: x=
204 0,54 =1 ,02 tn 108
mC (anot) cn : y=
36 0,54 = 0,18 tn 108
Cu 297. Chia 8,84 gam mt hn hp mt mui kim loi (I) clorua v BaCl
2 thnh hai phn bng nhau. Ho tan hon ton phnth nht vo nc ri cho tc
dng vi AgNO 3 th thu c 8,61 g kt ta. em in phn nng chy phn th hai
th thu c V lt kh A bay ra anot. Bit rng s mol kim loi (I) clorua gp
4 ln BaCl 2. Cho hiu sut phn ng t 100%. Xc nh kim loi ha tr I . S:
Na. Cu 298. Qung boxit cha 60% Al2O3. Hiu sut tinh ch Al2O3 t qung
l 80%. in phn Al2O3 nng chy bng l in p 4,5 V, I = 50000A, in cc
graphit. Tnh mAl sn xut trong 1 ngy m ? Khi lng qung cn dng cho 1
ngy m ? Tnh in nng tiu th trong 1 ngy m ( theo KWh)? S: A = U.I.t =
4,5 50000 24 = 5400000 Wh = 5400 KWh Cu 299. in phn nng chy hn hp
cha 4,75g MgCl2 v 11,1 g CaCl2. Sau 1 thi gian nhn thy : in lng tiu
th 0,2737 Faraday. Khi lng kim loi thot ra trn catot nu ho tan vo
H2O th thu c ti a 789 ml kh 27,30C , 2,5 atm. Tnh hiu sut cc phn ng
in phn bit hiu sut in phn l 94,994% . S:
0,08 100 = 80% 0,1 0,05 100 = 100% Hpp ca MgCl2 = 0,05Hpp ca
CaCl2 =
Dng 2 : in phn dung dch ca kim loi kim, kim th Phng php : Catot
chc chn xy ra qu trnh kh H2O ( H2O nhn in t ) : 2H2O + 2e
H2 + 2OHX - nhng in t : 2X - 2e
Anot c 2 trng hp : Nu anion l X- ( Cl- ) Giai on 1 : Ht X -
X2 2H2O 4e
Giai on 2 :
O2 + 4H+
- Nu anion l gc axit c oxi
xy ra qu trnh oxi ha H2O. 22
2H2O 4e
O2 + 4H+ H2O p H2 +
Thc cht l p H2O, dd ch ngy cng m c.
1 O2 2
Ty tng bi ton m ta c thm phng php tnh ton khc nhau.
Bi tp vn dng : Cu 300. in phn hon ton dung dch cha 1,35 g mui
clorua ca mt kim loi th thu c 224ml kh anot (ktc). Kim loi l: A. Fe
B. Mg C. Zn D. Cu Cu 301. Khi in phn 500ml dd CaI2 vi in cc platin
c mng ngn thu c 1,07.10-2 mol I2 . Hi c bao nhiu Faraay in lng i
qua dung dch v pH cu dd thu c l bao nhiu ? S: pH = 12,63
Cu 302. Ha tan 20 g K2SO4 vo 150 g H2O , thu c dd A. Tin hnh in
phn dd A mt thi gian. Sau khi in phn khilng K2SO4 trong dd chim 15
% khi lng ca dd. Bit lng H2O bay hi khng ng k. Tnh V kh thot ra mi
in cc ( ktc ) ? S:
VH2
= 2,037
22,4 = 45,63 lt
VO2 = 2,037 2v khi p CKOH
22,4 = 22,8 lt
Cu 303. Trong 500 ml dd A c cha 0,4925 g mt hn hp gm mui clorua
v hidroxit ca kim loi kim. o pH ca dd l 121 10
ddA cho n khi ht Cl- th thu c 11,2 ml kh Cl2 275oC v 1atm. Xc nh
tn kim loi kim .
=
0,2 56 100 = 5,07% 220,9
Cu 304. in phn 200 ml dd KCl 1M ( d =1,15 g/ml ) c mng ngn xp.
Tnh nng % cc cht trong dd sau in phn trong 2 trng hp th tch kh thot
ra catot l 1,12 lt v 4,48 lt (ktc ). Cu 305. in phn 120g ddA cha
KOH 2,8% v KCl 2,98% mt thi gian n khi nng KOH trong dd thu c bng
3,95% th dng li .Tnh % khi lng KCl b in phn , bit dng mng ngn in cc
khi in phn . % KCl P =
0,024 100% = 50 0,048
Cu 306. em in phn 200ml dd NaCl 2M (d =1,1 g/ ml) vi anot bng
than, c mng ngn xp v dd lun lun c khuyu. Th tch kh thot ra Catot l
22,4 lt (200C ,1atm) th ngng in phn . Vit ptp v cc phn ng xy ra cc
in cc . Hp cht cha trong dd sau khi kt thc qu trnh in phn l g ? Xc
nh nng % ca n. CNaOH =
16 100% = 8,32% 192,26
Cu 307. xc nh hm lng H2S trong khng kh b nhim , ngi ta tin hnh
th nghim sau :iu ch dd It bng inphn lng d dd KI vi dng in cng 3 mA
trong 2 pht vi hai in cc tr . Cho 2 lt khng kh b nhim bn qua dd sau
in phn thy mu nu ca dd It hon ton mt mu.Thm vo mt git h tinh bt v
in phn tip trong 30s th thy dd bt u xut hin mu xanh. Vit cc phng
trnh phn ng xy ra . Gii thch vai tr ca h tinh bt. Tnh hm lng H2S
trong khng kh theo mg/l.
mH2S =
78,2 103 = 0,0391 mg/ l 2
Dng 3: in phn dung dch cha mt mui ca kim loi trung bnh, yu Phng
php: catot: Mn+ + ne M anot: H2O 2e
1 O2 + 2H+ 2
Cu 308. in phn 200 (ml) dung dch AgNO3 0,2 M vi in cc tr trong
thi gian 11 30 v cng dng in l 5(A).Lng Ag sinh ra catt l: A.
4,32(g) B. 2,16(g) C. 3,86(g) D. 1,93(g)
23
Cu 309. Sau mt thi gian in phn 500 ml dd CuCl2 , ngi ta thu c
3,36 lt kh (ktc) ant. Sau ngm mt inh stsch trong dung dch cn li sau
in phn, phn ng xong, khi lng inh st gia tng 1,6g. Vy nng ca CuCl 2
trc khi in phn l: A. 0.7M B. 0.1M C. 0.2M D. 0.5M Cu 310. in phn dd
mui sunfat cu kim loi M ho tr II. Khi anot thu c 0,488 lt kh (o
ktc) th thy khi lng catot tng 2,368g. Tm kim loi trong mui? S : M l
Ni. Cu 311. Ho tan ht 2,304 g mt mui kt tinh ngm nc vo nc c mt mt t
HCl chng s thu phn ca ion kim loi , thu c 300 ml dd A. Ly 100 ml
ddA thm vo lng d BaCl2 thu c 0,7 g trng khng tan trong HCl. Ly 100
ml khc em in phn dng 2 cc tr vi dng in c cng khng i 9,65 A. Khi in
phn c 1 pht th lng ion kim loi b kh ht v bm vo catot (-) hon ton.
Khi lng catot (-) tng ln 0,336g. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng v xc nh
cng thc ca mui ho tan. S: CdSO4 Cu 312. in phn 500ml dd AgNO3 .xM
sau mt thi gian thy khi lng catot (-) thay i 2,16g v thu c dd A.
Bit dd A khng to kt ta vi dd NaCl. Tnh tr s x. Bit I = 2A, tnh thi
gian in phn . Tnh th tch kh thot ra anot (+) ti nhit 27,30C v p sut
0,98 atm. S: x = 0,04 M, t = 965 (s), V = 0,1256 l Cu 313. Ha tan
4,5 gam tinh th XSO4.5H2O vo nc thu c dd A. in phn dd A vi in cc
tr. Nu thi gian in phn l t giy th thu c kim loi catot (-) v 0,007
mol kh ti anot (+) . Nu thi gian in phn l 2t giy th thu c 0,024 mol
kh. Xc nh XSO4.5H2O. Cho I = 1,93A. Tnh thi gian t ? S: CuSO4.5H2O
Cu 314. Cho 250g dd CuSO4 8% (ddA). in phn dd A n khi nng CuSO 4
trong dd thu c gim i v bng mt na so vi trc phn ng th dng li. Tnh
khi lng kim loi bm trn catot v th tch kh thot ra anot (ktc). S :
mCu = 4,08 g; V = 0,714 lt Cu 315. Ha tan hn hp 2 mui CuCl2 v
Cu(NO3)2 vo nc, pha long n thnh 200 ml dd A. in phn dd A mt thi
gian, cc dng ta thu c 0,448 lt hn hp kh B (ktc), c t khi vi H2 bng
25,75. Tnh khi lng kim loi bm trn catot? Dung dch cn li sau in phn
tc dng va vi 75g dd NaOH 4% to ra lng kt ta ln nht D. Nung D trong
khng kh n khi lng khng i c bao nhiu gam cht rn E? Tnh nng mol/l ca
dd A ?
0,0375 = 0,1875 0,2 0,01 CM CuCl2 = = 0,05 0,2 mE = mCuO =
0,0175 80 =1,4 g C M Cu(NO3)2 =
24