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Chng 4. C s d liu Bi ging Microsoft Excel
Bin son: Nguyn Vn Minh Trang 74
Chng 4. C S D LIU
Mc ch
Sau khi hc xong chng ny sinh vin c th:
- Hiu r c s d liu
- Cc thao tc lc d liu trn Excel
- Sp xp d liu theo cc tiu ch
Yu cu
- Phi nm chc cc phng php lp iu kin
- Thc hnh nhiu
S tit ln lp: 02
Bng phn chia thi lng
STT Ni dung S tit
1 4.1. Khi nim 0,5
2 4.2. Sp xp d liu 0,25
3 4.3. Lc d liu 1,0
4 4.4. V biu 0,25
Trng tm bi ging
- Lp iu kin
4.1. Khi nim (Xem [2 tr.100])
- C s d liu (Database) l mt bng d liu c cu trc c th hin nh
sau:
Mi ct trong bng m t mt thuc tnh, tnh cht ca d liu trong bng v c
phn bit bi mt tn gi th hin u tin trong ct. Mi ct gi l mt trng -
Field. Tn ca cc ct th hin dng u tin trong bng d liu gi l dng tiu -
Heading row. Lu rng dng tiu l mt dng n khng c s gp .
Mi dng trong bng l tp hp cc d liu tng ng vi cc trng ca bng m t
cho mt i tng c th. Mi dng c gi l mt bn ghi (Record)
- V d: Bng sau l mt c s d liu
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Chng 4. C s d liu Bi ging Microsoft Excel
Bin son: Nguyn Vn Minh Trang 75
Hnh 4-Error! No text of specified style in document.-1. V d v
CSDL
- Thng thng mt c s d liu (CSDL) c s lng dng v ct ln. Thng qua c
s d liu ngi s dng c th:
Tng hp s liu
Thng k d liu. V d nh tnh s lng nhn vin ca tng phng ban
Trch lc ra cc dng d liu theo cc yu cu. V d: Lit k danh sch cc
nhn vin phng T chc hnh chnh (TCHC)
4.2. Sp xp d liu (Xem [2 tr.95])
- Bi en vng d liu cn sp xp
- Vo Data, chn Sort... m hp thoi Sort
- Ti Sort by, chn tn ct cn sp xp mc u tin th nht. Nu cn sp xp
thm cc iu kin khc th chn ti Then by.
- mi ct cn sp xp ta chn phng n sp xp l tng dn (Ascending) hoc
gim dn (Descending)
- Lu rng nu vng c s d liu c cha dng tiu th chn Header row, nu
khng th chn No header row v nh th n s sp xp lun dng u tin.
- V d: Trong hnh v di l sp xp bng s liu theo ct Tn trc sau sp xp
theo H v tt c sp xp theo kiu tng dn. ng thi, do bi en lun c dng tiu
nn phi chn Header rows loi tr dng u tin ra khng sp xp.
y l dng tiu
y l 1 bn ghi
y l tn mt ct
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Chng 4. C s d liu Bi ging Microsoft Excel
Bin son: Nguyn Vn Minh Trang 76
Hnh 4-Error! No text of specified style in document.-2. Sp xp d
liu
4.3. Lc d liu
4.3.1. Khi nim (Xem [2 tr.102])
- Lc (Filter) l lit k ra cc dng d liu t trong bng CSDL tha mn mt
s iu kin no .
V d:
Lit k danh sch cc sinh vin lp 08CDKT2A c im thi di 5.
Lit k danh sch chi tit cc ln bn mt hng C Ph trong thi gian t ngy
01/04/2008 n ngy 31/05/2008.
- thc hin lc, ta cn nm r cc yu t c bn sau:
Vng (min) d liu: Hay cn gi l CSDL (Database), l vng cha ton b d
liu cn x l k c dng tiu .
Vng iu kin (Criteria): l vng bt k trn bng tnh nm ngoi vng CSDL,
cha cc iu kin (iu kin m cc bn ghi phi tha mn). Vng iu kin ti thiu c
2 hng: hng u cha tiu ca vng v cc hng bn di lit k cc iu kin. C 2 loi
vng iu kin: Vng iu kin so snh trc tip, vng iu kin so snh gin
tip
Vng iu kin so snh trc tip: Cho php a vo cc iu kin vi cc gi tr c
th so snh trc tip vi cc gi tr trong mt ct no ca bng CSDL. Nguyn tc
lp vng iu kin so snh trc tip nh sau:
Sao chp (COPY) tn ct t trong bng CSDL c lin quan ti vic so snh
sang vng trng trn bng tnh
cc hng bn di ta lp cc iu kin so snh bt u l mt php ton so snh
(>, >=,
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Chng 4. C s d liu Bi ging Microsoft Excel
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V d: Cho mt c s d liu nh sau:
Yu cu bi ton Lp vng iu kin l: Yu cu bi ton Lp vng iu kin l:
Lit k danh sch nhn vin c trnh i hc
Lit k danh sch nhn vin c ngy cng trn 25
Thng k s lng nhn vin n c trnh i hc
Thng k s lng nhn vin c s ngy cng t 20 n 25.
Tnh tng lng phi tr cho cc nhn vin c trnh i hc hoc cao ng
Lit k danh sch cc nhn vin c trnh i hc hoc ang g chc trng
phng.
Vng iu kin so snh gin tip: L vng iu kin m mi iu kin l mt cng thc
v qu trnh so snh ch da vo php so snh vi gi tr TRUE hoc FALSE. Cch
lp vng iu kin so snh gin tip theo nguyn tc sau:
Hng u ghi tn cc iu kin. Tn ny phi khc vi bt k tn ct no trong bng
c s d liu
T hng th 2 tr i ghi cc iu kin so snh, mi iu kin l mt cng thc tr
v gi tr TRUE hoc FALSE v trong cng thc phi cha a ch ca d liu u tin
trong ct cn so snh.
V d: Vi bng s liu trn, ta c mt s iu kin nh sau:
Yu cu bi ton Lp vng iu kin l: Yu cu bi ton Lp vng iu kin l:
Lit k danh sch nhn vin c ngy sinh nht trong thng 8. Cng thc s c
gi tr False
Thng k s lng nhn vin sinh trc nm 1975. Cng thc bn c gi tr l
True.
Vng ch (Copy to): L mt vng trng trn bng tnh dng cha cc bn ghi
tha mn iu kin.
4.3.2. Lc d liu t ng AutoFilter (Xem [2 tr.103])
- Vi chc nng lc d liu t ng (AutoFilter), MS Excel cho php bn hin
th nhng bn ghi tha mn iu kin no do bn ch nh. phng php lc ny cc bn
ghi trong CSDL khng tha mn iu kin s b giu i ch li
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Chng 4. C s d liu Bi ging Microsoft Excel
Bin son: Nguyn Vn Minh Trang 78
nhng bn ghi tha mn iu kin. Nu cn lu li kt qu lc th ta sao chp
chng sang mt ni khc trong bng tnh.
- Phng php lc:
Bi en vng d liu (hoc ch cn t con tr trong vng d liu nu n c tch
bit vi cc thnh phn khc trong bng tnh)
Vo Data, chn Filter, chn lnh AutoFilter
Khi ti tiu mi ct s xut hin biu tng (xem hnh v bn di)
Khi cn chn iu kin lc ti ct no th nhp chut vo mi tn ca ct , MS
Excel s hin th danh sch gi tr v bn chn mt gi tr lm iu kin. Trong v
d bn di, nu chn gi tr l i hc th Excel ch hin th nhng bn ghi m Trnh
vn ha c gi tr l i hc. Khi chn mt gi tr c th trong danh sch th Excel
s thc hin php so snh bng.
Ct no c tham gia lm iu kin lc th s xut hin mi tn vi mu xanh. Bn
c th chn iu kin lc ng thi trn nhiu ct. V d: Nu cn hin th danh sch
nhn vin N c trnh i hc th ta phi chn iu kin trn hai ct l Gii tnh v
Trnh vn ha.
Hnh 4-Error! No text of specified style in document.-3. V d v
chc nng lc t ng
Mt vi gi tr c bit trong danh sch:
Sort Ascending: Sp xp CSDL tng dn theo s liu trong ct ch nh.
Sort Descending: Sp xp CSDL gim dn theo s liu trong ct ch
nh.
(All): Hy b iu kin lc ti ct
(Blanks): Lc ra cc bn ghi m gi tr ti ct mang gi tr rng
(NoneBlanks): Lc ra cc bn ghi c gi tr khc rng
(Top 10...): Lc ra N bn ghi c gi tr cao nht hoc thp nht trong
ct.
y l cc gi tr bn la chn lm iu kin.
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Chng 4. C s d liu Bi ging Microsoft Excel
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(Custom...): Lp iu kin so snh nng cao. Trong hp thoi ny bn la
chn php ton so snh (xem thm bng bn di) u tin v nhp gi tr so snh bn
cnh. Bn cng c th kt hp c hai iu kin l V hay Hoc. Trong hnh v di l
cch lp iu kin ti ct Ngy cng >=20 v
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Chng 4. C s d liu Bi ging Microsoft Excel
Bin son: Nguyn Vn Minh Trang 80
- Cch thc hin nh sau:
t con tr ti Sheet mun lu kt qu lc.
Vo Data, chn Filter, chn lnh Advanced Filter ta nhn c hp thoi
Advanced Filter.
Hnh 4-Error! No text of specified style in document.-5. Lc nng
cao
Thc hin cc la chn:
Action: La chn ni lu kt qu. C hai gi tr: Filter the list,
in-place: Kt qu lc s ghi ln CSDL; Copy to another location: Kt qu
lc s sao chp sang mt ni khc.
List range: Bi en vng CSDL (gm c dng tiu ). Cch bi en: Xa vng
hin c, dng chut bi en vng
Criteria range: Bi en vng cha iu kin.
Copy to: Chn bt u ca vng cn cha kt qu lc. Ty chn ny ch xut hin
khi la chn Copy to another location.
nh du vo Unique records only ch ly ra mt bn ghi duy nht khi c
nhiu bn ghi c cng gi tr.
Cui cng nhp OK (hoc nhn Enter)
Ghi nh
1. Trng hp kt qu lc ghi ln CSDL th ta vo Data\Filter\Show All
hin th li CSDL.
2. Vng iu kin lc sau khi lc ta c th xa.
4.3.4. Nhm hm c s d liu (Xem [2 tr.104])
- Cc hm CSDL gm: DSUM, DMAX, DMIN, DAVERAGE, DCOUNT, DCOUNTA
- Cc hm trn dng thng k s liu. V d: thng k s lng nhn vin N c trnh
i hc hoc Cao ng th ta phi s dng hm DCOUNT hoc DCOUNTA.
- s dng cc hm trn th nht thit phi thit lp vng iu kin theo yu cu
ca bi ton. Cch lp xem thm phn 4.3.1
Nhn vo y bt u vic la chn vng
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Chng 4. C s d liu Bi ging Microsoft Excel
Bin son: Nguyn Vn Minh Trang 81
- Hu ht cc hm CSDL u c c php nh nhau, ch khc nhau v mt ngha. Do
trong phn ny chng ti ch gii thiu c php v cch vn dng ca mt hm DSUM,
cc hm khc bn t suy lun ly.
4.3.4.1. Hm DSUM
Hm tnh tng cc gi tr theo iu kin
- C php:
DSUM (CSDL ; ct ; vng iu kin)
- Chc nng: Tnh tng cc gi tr trong ct ch nh thuc bng CSDL khi cc
gi tr trong CSDL tha mn iu kin cho vng iu kin.
Trong :
CSDL: L a ch vng cha bng d liu chnh v phi bao gm dng tiu
Ct: L tn ca ct cn tnh hoc s th t ca ct cn tnh (ct u tin trong
vng CSDL ch nh thnh phn trc c gi tr l 1). Nu ch nh bng tn th tn phi
t trong cp nhy kp
Vng iu kin: L a ch ca vng cha cc php so snh v phi c lp trc khi
thc lp hm.
V d: Cho bng CSDL nh sau:
tnh tng s ngy cng ca cc nhn vin N c trnh i hc hoc Cao ng ta lp
vng iu kin A2:B14 (nh hnh v). Sau ta lp cng thc ti I12 nh sau:
=DSUM(A2:J10 ; 8 ; A12:B14)
- Trong ,
A2:J10 l a ch vng CSDL
8 l s th t ca ct Ngy cng
A12:B14 l a ch ca vng iu kin.
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Chng 4. C s d liu Bi ging Microsoft Excel
Bin son: Nguyn Vn Minh Trang 82
- Kt qu ca cng thc trn l 81. Ngoi ra, ta cng c th s dng cng thc
sau:
=DSUM(A2:J10 ; Ng.Cng ; A12:B14)
4.3.4.2. Hm DCOUNT, DCOUNTA, DAVERAGE, DMAX, DMIN
Tng t nh hm DSUM
- DCOUNT: m s lng gi tr l s trong cc dng tha mn iu kin.
- DCOUNTA: m s lng gi tr khc rng trong cc dng tha mn iu kin.
- DAVERAGE: Tnh gi tr trung bnh cng
- DMAX: Tm gi tr ln nht
- DMIN: Tm gi tr nh nht.
4.4. V biu (Xem [2 tr.96])
Hnh v sau l mt biu minh ha cho bng thng k s lng sinh vin theo
tng ngnh v tng nm hc.
Hnh 4-Error! No text of specified style in document.-6. V
biu
Cch to biu :
- Bi en bng s liu
- Nhp biu tng Chart trn thanh cng c chun (hoc vo Insert, chn lnh
Chart) xut hin hp thoi vi 4 bc
- Bc 1: Chn dng biu . Th Standard Types, chn dng biu chun; th
Custom Types, chn dng biu ty bin ngi dng Nhp Next
- Bc 2: Ti vng Data Range: Nhp mi tn bn cnh bi en vng d liu dng
v biu . Trng hp bn bi en bng s liu trc khi thc hin lnh Chart th a
ch t ng cp nht v bn c th b qua bc ny. ng thi bn c th chn thm cch ly
s liu theo dng (Rows) hoc ly s liu theo ct (Columns) v ti phn
Series in Nhp Next
- Bc 3: Chn cc ty chn cho biu
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Chng 4. C s d liu Bi ging Microsoft Excel
Bin son: Nguyn Vn Minh Trang 83
Th Titles: Nhp cc tiu cho biu , tiu trc OX v tiu trc OY.
Th Axes: Chn cch hin th gi tr trn trc OX v trc OY.
Th Gridlines: Chn cch hin th cc ng dng gi tr
Legend: Cho php ty chn cch hin bng s liu ch dn
Data Labels: Cho php ty bin cch hin th cc gi tr s liu.
Data Table: Cho php ty bin cch hin th bng s liu trn biu .
- Bc 4: Chn ni lu tr biu .
As new sheet: Excel to mt sheet mi lu tr biu . Bn c th ch nh thm
tn ca Sheet mi vo bn cnh
As object in: Biu hin th nh mt i tng trn Sheet hin c m bn la chn
t danh sch.
- Cui cng nhn nt Finish.
Hnh 4-Error! No text of specified style in document.-7. Chn dng
biu
ngha cc nt lnh:
Nt Next: Sang bc k tip
Nt Back: Li li bc trc
Nt Finish: Kt thc qu trnh to biu m khng cn phi hiu chnh bc sau
.
Nt Cancel: Hy lnh to biu
Chn loi biu chnh
Chn dng biu con trong
nhm bn phi
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Chng 4. C s d liu Bi ging Microsoft Excel
Bin son: Nguyn Vn Minh Trang 84
Hnh 4-8. Chn vng d liu
Hnh 4-9. Thit lp tiu
Chn vng d liu v biu
Chn cch ly s liu theo hng
hoc theo ct v
y l kt qu ca vic la chn
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Chng 4. C s d liu Bi ging Microsoft Excel
Bin son: Nguyn Vn Minh Trang 85
Hnh 4-10. Chn ni lu tr
Hiu chnh biu
- Cc thao tc hiu chnh gm: Thay i kiu ch, c ch, mu sc ca i tng,
dng biu ...
- thay i kiu ch, c ch, mu sc ca i tng ta nhp i ln i tng ri thay
i thng qua hp thoi.
- thay i dng biu ta s dng thanh cng c Chart nh hnh v di.
Hnh 4-11. Hiu chnh biu
Chn dng biu
Bt/Tt bng ch dn
Chn cch v theo s liu ca dng hay s liu ca ct
Chn thnh phn ca biu
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Chng 4. C s d liu Bi ging Microsoft Excel
Bin son: Nguyn Vn Minh Trang 86
BI TP THC HNH CHNG 4
Bi tp 4.1.
Cu 1.
M li bi tp Baitap3_3.xls trong th mc MSExcel ca a H:. Nu trng hp
khng tn ti file s liu th tin hnh lm li.
Cu 2.
Sao chp bng s liu DANH SCH HC SINH NP TIN NG H trong Sheet1 (nh
hnh v di) v dn vo mt Sheet mi. Sau tin hnh sp xp bng s liu trn tng
dn theo Lp v gim dn theo s tin.
Bi tp 4.2.
Cu 1.
M li tp tin Baitap3_5.xls trong th mc MSExcel ca a H: Nu khng tn
ti file trn th tin hnh lm li.
Cu 2.
Vi bng s liu trong Sheet Bangdiem, hy s dng cng c AutoFilter lc
ra cc danh sch sau ng thi cc kt qu thu c phi sao chp sang mt Sheet
mi v t tn l KQLoc:
a. Lc ra danh sch cc sinh vin lp KT6A c im di 5.
b. Lc ra danh sch cc sinh vin c Xp loi l Trung Bnh hoc Kh
Cu 3.
Chn thm mt Sheet mi vo trong File Baitap3_5.xls v tin hnh lp bng
thng k sau ri dng cc hm c s d liu thng k s lng hc sinh gii, kh ca
tng lp. Sheet ny c i tn thnh THONGKE_TONGHOP.
Loi KT6A KT6B KT6C
Gii
Kh
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Chng 4. C s d liu Bi ging Microsoft Excel
Bin son: Nguyn Vn Minh Trang 87
Bi tp 4.3.
Cu 1.
M li tp tin Baitap3_6.xls trong th mc MSExcel ca a H:. Trng hp
khng tn ti th tin hnh lm li bi tp .
Cu 2.
Vi bng s liu trong Sheet1, hy s dng cng c AutoFilter lc ra cc
danh sch sau ng thi cc kt qu thu c phi sao chp sang mt Sheet mi v t
tn l KQLoc:
a. Lc ra danh sch cc ln xut hng ti khu vc KV1 hoc KV2.
b. Lc ra danh sch 05 ln xut hng vi s lng nhiu nht
Bi tp 4.4.
Cu 1.
M li tp tin Baitap3_7.xls trong th mc MSExcel ca a H:. Trng hp
khng tn ti th tin hnh lm li bi tp .
Cu 2.
Hy sp xp s liu trong Sheet1 tng dn theo Tn v H lt
Cu 3.
Vi bng s liu trong Sheet1, hy s dng cng c AutoFilter lc ra cc
danh sch sau ng thi cc kt qu thu c phi sao chp sang mt Sheet mi v t
tn l KQLoc:
a. Lc ra danh sch cc th sinh c s bo danh bt u bng ch A v ni sinh
l Nng hoc Hu.
b. Lc ra danh sch cc th sinh thi ngnh Ton c kt qu l t
c. Lc ra danh sch cc th sinh Nam d thi ngnh Ton. Bit rng ct Phi,
th sinh n c nh du X.
Cu 4.
Vi bng s liu trong Sheet1, hy s dng cng c Advanced Filter lc ra
cc danh sch sau ng thi cc kt qu thu c phi sao chp sang mt Sheet mi
v t tn l
KQLocNangCao:
a. Lc ra danh sch cc th sinh thi ngnh Ton c kt qu l t
b. Lc ra danh sch cc th sinh c im thi di 5 bt k mn thi no.
c. Lc ra danh sch th sinh c t nht mt mn thi 10 im.
d. Lc ra danh sch th sinh sinh trc nm 1975 c kt qu l t
Bi tp 4.5.
Cu 1.
M li tp tin Baitap3_8.xls trong th mc MSExcel ca a H:. Trng hp
khng tn ti th tin hnh lm li bi tp .
Cu 2.
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Chng 4. C s d liu Bi ging Microsoft Excel
Bin son: Nguyn Vn Minh Trang 88
Vi bng s liu trong Sheet1, hy s dng cng c AutoFilter lc ra cc
danh sch sau ng thi cc kt qu thu c phi sao chp sang mt Sheet mi v t
tn l KQLoc:
a. Lc ra danh sch nhn vin N c trnh vn ha l i hc hoc Cao ng.
b. Lc ra danh sch gm 03 nhn vin Nam c ngy cng thp nht
Cu 3.
Chn thm mt Sheet trng v lp bng thng k sau. Sau s dng cc hm CSDL
thc hin tnh s lng nhn vin Nam, N theo tng loi trnh vo bng trn.
Cu 4.
Lp biu hnh ct minh ha cho bng s liu thng k cu 3.
Bi tp 4.6.
Cu 1.
M li tp tin Baitap3_12.xls trong th mc MSExcel ca a H:. Trng hp
khng tn ti th tin hnh lm li bi tp .
Cu 2.
Vi bng s liu trong Sheet1, hy s dng cng c Advanced Filter lc ra
cc danh sch sau ng thi cc kt qu thu c phi sao chp sang mt Sheet mi
v t tn l KQLoc:
a. Lc ra danh sch cc ln nhp hng bia Si Gn.
b. Lc ra danh sch cc ln xut hng bia Si Gn hoc bia Tiger.
Cu 3.
Chn thm mt Sheet trng v lp bng thng k sau. Sau s dng cc hm CSDL
thc hin tnh tng s lng hng nhp, xut ca tng loi mt hng vo bng
trn.
Cu 4.
Lp biu hnh ct minh ha cho bng s liu thng k cu 3.
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Chng 4. C s d liu Bi ging Microsoft Excel
Bin son: Nguyn Vn Minh Trang 89
Bi tp 4.6.
Cu 1.
Khi to mt tp tin Excel mi ri nhp bng s liu sau vo trong
Sheet1.
Cu 2.
Hy to biu hnh trn m phng bng s liu trn.
KT QU TT NGHIP
5%16%
27%42%
7% 3% Xut sc
Gii
Kh
Trung bnh
Yu
Km