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MxC LxC

1. } r KR r { r

1.1. #" #i$ $ Cx B~ |C# t$

1.2. Dm" t$ #k# $1.3. CiC #zx" #i #h jC# |C# t$

1.4. |C# t$ BA #A

1.5. t &z" t$

2. QN r

2.1. #i$ $ C#" i t$

2.2. i B$ i

2.3. i t$ #l" t" B

2.4. i t$ t" B2.5. i t$ C#$

3. Y IJI r

3.1. #j "#$ # t$

r[ [E

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M$' (g 8 - *t& (g

NHNG KHI NIfM C BWN Vc MCH IfN

NHNG KHI NIfM C BWN Vc MCH IfN

MCH IfN, KbT CYU HNH HkC CzA MCH IfN

M% J&l

} r R IE E Q II r K J Q SN (E I ) I}IR K\ @Y IG r[ \ r [ I }N FJ. } r I{ Q} E I HJ: J r, E I (I), SN .

#Z 1.1.

J r: J r R II EQI G r s. JNX o, J r R II r Q } s { { y s, [ s, I s IR r s.

2/151


5/153

#Z 1.1.

: R Q II IXJ I r s KR r r s IR Q } s{ @Q { y s, I s, FJ s KeK. (Z 1.1.)

#Z 1.1.

DSN : DSN R @ } (r, ] ) ` r IGJN I r s IJ r I.

Kf/ 0 %:% %q a M% J&l

. Q: Q R I r} } Q E I VE IE J, IG r[ [` I \ r }N I rJ RN r rJ @.

. _I: _I R r E J I Q IG X.

. \: \ R r @VE @Y FJ Q Q.. I { : K\ R X IG @] [ K\ R @Q

CC I LwNG aC TRNG QU TRNH NNG LwNG

TRONG MCH IfN

t r IG{ FJQ IGZ s { I Q I E I } rI ` r} {: \ r KR r QE J.

C] HJI Q: E = J.

D


6/153

#Z 1.2.

CJ \ r FJN { R J JN r r IY {y IG r IG{.

&l 4+

#J r I (J I) r R r QE. t QE r

A KR B:

JAB = JA- JB

CJ r QE FJN { R J I r [ r I r r [ r I IE.

C%&h0 !$ !


7/153

C$ .0/

G } r, I Q, I E I [ I s { EQI s{.

E = J. > 0 Q s {

E = J. < 0 Q EQI s{

ty K r ] HJI R (QI)

M HNH MCH IfN, CC THNG Sm

} r I J II r [ I. X J IY IQ IGX }r I, I E IN I } r I ] Z } r.

] Z } r Q I] H HJ: J r QE J (I) (I), J \r (I), r IG , r &, r J C, .

NGUtN IkN P V? NGUtN DNG IkN

J r QE

J r QE r IG{ @ s I} X KR JN IGZ I r QE IGX J.

#Z 1.3.1. #Z 1.3.1.

J r QE \ r{ J I H r r (I) (Z1.3.1.).

CJ (I) I r r I IE r r r I . CJ r QE I FJN { Ir [ r I r r r I IE:

J(I) = - (I)

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8/153

J \ r

J \ r (I) r IG{ @ s J r I} X KR JN IGZ I\ r J E } R ( Z 1.3.1.)

#Z 1.3.1.

IkN TR~ R

t IG r IG{ FJQ IGZ IXJ I r s KR r r s H }s { @Q { I s, FJ s, y s KeK.

J \ r KR r QE IGX r IG : J=. (Z1.3.2.)

ty K r IG R (])

C] HJI r IG IXJ I: E = 2

#Z 1.3.2

t ": " = 1/. ty K r R ()

t s IXJ I IGX r IG IG @ I I :

= HI I [ A = 2.I

6/151


9/153

IkN CM L

[ \ r }N IG J SN K\ H H G I I] [ K\ K JSN

(Z 1.3.3)

t J SN:

ty K r R #GN (#).

J \ r IX IZ I I] v IX KR I r JI rI IG J SN MJI H r r I :

J \ r KR r QE:

#Z 1.3.3

7/151


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C] HJI I I IGX J SN:

s { I IG{ J SN:

t & r IG{ FJQ IGZ IG r KR IY vN s { I IG{ JSN.

IkN DUNG C rI r QE J rJ I r (Z 1.3.4), H [ r IY F IY vN IGX Ir.:

J r QE JC IX H [ \ r JN FJ I r:

[:

#Z 1.3.4

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11/153

C] HJI I I I r:

s { r IG{ I r:

t J C r IG{ I{ IY vN s { r IG{

( E[ IY r s) IG I r.

ty K r J R !$ (!$G) !$

MF HENH MCH IkN

] Z } r \ r{ R Hy r IN I } r , IG r[ @I J Z KR FJQ IGZ s { { } r I, H Q E I }r I rT r{ ] Z Q I] H , &, C, , J, ,.

] Z } r r{ H GI IJ IG K X J KR IY IQ }r KR II r.

PHN LOI V? CC CHb q L?M VIfC CzA MCH IfN

P%6 *& /%"* *& !


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#Z 1.4. #Z 1.4.

P%6 *& /%"* /9% %/ 4 /%$ .s R, L, C a M% J&l

} r IJN IY: I Q E I } r R E I IJN IY, uR Q I] H , &, C R H, @] E IJ KR \ r KR r QE J IGX_.

} r E IY: } r [ E I E IJN R } r E IJN.] H , &, C E I E IJN IN r E IJ KR \ r KR r QE JIGX _.

P% /%0z 5* 04 /:% $ $ /*$ M% $}& /a +%6 a %f Jz 4 ^+ 5%f Jz 04 Jz

C r MQ E: C r MQ E R FJQ IGZ, IG r[ { IQ r Q J, \r KR r QE IGX Q Q r}I IG} IQ r. r MQ E, \ r, rQE IGX Q Q IX I I FJN JI K FJN JI IX Jr

C r FJQ r: C r FJQ r R FJQ IGZ JN IE I r MQ E RN H rMQ E @Q. r FJQ r, \ r KR r QE IX I Q FJN JI @QK FJN JI IX r MQ E.

10/151


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P%6 *& /%"* b5& /*4 h M% J&l

C[ } R IQ K } r: ES IY } KR I E }.

J R IQ ES IY } R I Q I] H KR @I J } r, IY \, QE KR ] HJI Q Q.

E } R R IQ { }, E IR E I } r K Q I]H KR @I J IY E, r r}I Q NXJ J r IG{ K \, QE KR s {.

HAI iNH LU\T KIbCHmP

t JI E 1 KR 2 R r y r X J KR IY IQ } r.

oNH LU]T KIeCHrP 1

r} H Q \ r I} I _I @]: U=0

IG r[ I{ FJN { Q \ r [ J r I _I J {y, KR Q \r [ J G @ _I IZ J S { }.

Y : } _I A Z 1.5.1, r JI E 1 r{ KI:

1 + 2f 3f 4 = 0

11/151


14/153

#Z 1.5.1

oNH LU]T KIeCHrP 2

t I I K\ @VE @Y, I I J {y I`N o, I r} H Q r QE GyIGX Q E I ,&, C I r} H Q H r r [ IG K\; IG r[

H r r KR \ r [ J IG` K J {y K\ H J {y, { } J S.

Y : t K K\ @Y IG Z 1.5.2, r JI E 2:

#Z 1.5.2

12/151


15/153

DNG IfN HNH SIN

DNG IfN HNH SIN

CC I LwNG aC TRNG CHO DNG IfN HNH SIN

BJ I \ r, r QE Z H:

IG r[ , J : IG H I I \ r, r QE.

$M, M : IG H r} (X r) \ r, r QE.

, J : E rJ \ r, r QE.

"[ E Q r} { R J H E rJ _. "[ E rQE KR \ r I{ @Y J R :

= J -

> 0 r QE K{I IG{ \ r

< 0 r QE E H K \ r

= 0 r QE IG` E K \ r

TRi Sm HIfU DxNG CzA DNG IfN HNH SIN

G H J \ r Z H R \ I J $ H @ }N FJ `I r IG IZ H I} G ` ] HJI.

D\ r Z H }N FJ r IG , { r s IXJ I IG I J @w:

13/151


16/153

C] HJI IGJ Z IG I J @w:

\ r I J I [ ] HJI = $2.

[ :

[:

G I I, Q IG r IGX Q y J r \ r $, r r QE , r ] HJI \ r Z H R IG H J _.

CQ Q IG , $, T Q KR II r R IG H J.

BIdU DIeN DNG IfN HNH SIN B_NG V6CT

CQ r} { Z H r{ J KVIy [ r (]rJ) IG H J KR [ I} K IG M E rJ Q r} { (Z

VIy\ r

J \ r:

14/151


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KR KVIy r QE

J r QE:

N J Q R H r{ J I N J Q KV Iy I{y .

t JI E 1 { } KV Iy:

t JI E 2 { } KV Iy:

D KR Q J Q r} { KR 2 r JI E KVIy, I [ I } r IGX r I E{y EQE r I KVIy.

BIdU DIeN DNG IfN HNH SIN B_NG Sm PH|C

CQ J KV Iy E J @[ @s @ } r E I}E.

} r Z H r MQ E I ] GI J FJ R J Qr} { Z H H E

K9 %&l0 a J& $ +%

E J Q r} { Z H @o J Q , [ J

IGX.

E [ 2 }:

D} H v:

15/151


18/153

D} r} H:

B r } H E } v H r} H:

B r H E } r} H H H v: + = C. IGr[:

Mz/ .s +%7+ /9% Js& {& .s +%

C, IG:

(+)- (+) = (-)+(-)

S, :

(+).(+) = + + + 2= (-) + (+)

S H E K c

IG E KR I E

16/151


19/153

IG E @Y J R :

= +

] rJ I IG E @Y J R O:

E:

t JI l } E:

p% 0^/ K&f%s+ !$ +%

t JI E 1 { } E:

t JI E 2 { } E:

DNG IfN HNH SIN TRONG NHNH THU[N IfN TRu

[ \ r = $MHI FJ r IG , r QE IGX r IG:

17/151


20/153

J= . =M HI, IGr[: M = .$M

[: =.$ $ = /

BJ KVIy \ r $ KR r QE

D\ r = $MHI J { } \ r E:

t QE J= MHI J { } r QE E:

C] HJI I I } r:

E(I) = J = .$(1 f H2I)

IN E(I) > 0 I} I r, r IG J] IXJ I r s J KR r H } s { @Q { FJ s KR I s .K.

C] HJI IQ R IG H IGJ Z ] HJI I I EIG I J @w.

[: = $ = $2

ty K ] HJI IQ R (QI)

DNG IfN HNH SIN TRONG NHNH THU[N IfN CWM

\ r = $MHI FJ r & (Z 2.6.), r QE IGX r :

18/151


21/153

& R @Q.

BJ KVIy \ r $ KR r QE & (Z 2.6.)

#Z 2.6

D\ r = $MHI J { } \ r E:

19/151


22/153

t QE J& = &M H(I + E/2 ) J { } r QE E:

C] HJI I I r : E&(I) = J&. = & $ H2I

C] HJI IQ Q IJ :

t J I { r FJQ IGZ IG r s { r I r{ G @Q ] HJI E @Q &

& = &$ = &$2

ty K ] HJI E @Q R G G

DNG IfN HNH SIN TRONG NHNH THU[N IfN DUNG

tI KR rJ I r I r QE JC : JC = CM H (I - E/2)

IZ r IY F IGX I r: F = C JC = C. CM H (I - E/2)

[ C = F/I = $CM HI

IG r[:

C= 1/(C) R J @Q

t I KVIy \ r $ KR r QE C

BJ r QE JC = CM H(I - E/2) { } r QE E:

20/151


23/153

BJ \ r C = $CM HI { } E:

[:

I J:

C] HJI I I Q IJ J: EC = JC C = - C $C H 2I

} IJ J @] IXJ IQ s {:

C] HJI E @Q r J: C = - C .$C= - C$2

DNG IfN HNH SIN TRONG MCH R @ L @ C M^C NmI TIbP

V? SONG SONGDNG IkN HENH SIN TRONG NHNH R @ L @ C NrI TIeP

\ r = $M HI FJ Q f & f C IE H SN G Q r QE J, J&, JC IGX Q E I , &, C.

[ : J = J+ J&+ JC

BJ KVIy r QE E{y EQE KVIy

r I KVIy I [:

21/151


24/153

G r[:

O R ] rJ I IG Q f & - C IE.

= & - C; R r @Q Q.

t QE E H K \ r I [ : I = /= (&fC)/

BJ r JI l { } E:

IG E Q:

DNG IkN HENH SIN TRONG MCH R @ L @ C SONG SONG

C } r r IG , r &, I C H H

(Z 2.8.2..)

iE r JI E 1 I} _I A: = + &+ C :

BJ KVIy $ E{ EQE KVIy (Z 2.8.2.)

G H J $ \ r } Y:

22/151


25/153

#Z 2.8.2

] rJ I IG O IR }:

D\ r } Y $ E H K r QE I [ :

t JI l { } E IG } , &,C H H

23/151


26/153

iE r JI E 1 } E I} _I A:

IG E }:

CNG SUYT CzA DNG IfN HNH SINt K \ r MN J [ } ] HJI

C$ .0/ /4 !$ P

C } r (Z 2.9) Q I] H , &,C

r{ rI KR r QE J = M

H( I + ) KR \ r = $M

HI }N

FJ } .

C] HJI IQ :

C] HJI I I E(I) = J. = $ H - H(2I + )

[:

24/151


27/153

C] HJI IQ [ I r{ IY I ] HJI IQ IGX Q r IG Q Q } r:

G r[ @, $@R r IG, \ r IGX Q I @.

C] HJI IQ r IG{ I{ r r s H Q } s{ @Q { I s, y s.K.K..

C$ .0/ +% '%4$ Q

t r IG{ { r FJQ IGZ IG r s { r I IG{, { I r{G @Q ] HJI E @Q .

= $H

C] HJI E @Q [ I r{ IY I ] HJI E @Q r KR r J } r :

IG r[: &@, C@, $@ {I R @Q, J @Q KR \ r IGX Q I@.

C$ .0/ b&j0 '&f S

C] HJI J @ \ r{ R ] HJI IR E.

, , [ ` 1 I JNX, { ryK R , R A KR R A.

25/151


28/153

NNG CAO Hf Sm CNG SUYT COSP

[ = $H ; H r{ R H ] HJI.

S H H I H S @ s H ] HJI J r. I@Q J 1 ] HJI I r IGX r{ SN 1 E IZ \ r }N IGX

r{ SN:

I S H H IZ \ r SN $ H , r EY rJ I{ r{ SN KR I r s IGX r{SN .

t S H I ` I r H H K I

[ E I: = +, @ { ` ({ [ Q I r) \ r IGX r{SN $ \ r FJ I $1, H ] HJI H1 = /O I.

[ ` ([ Q I r), \ r IGX r{ SN $:

&_ { ` [ ] HJI 1 I: 1 = I1

&_ [ `, ] HJI E @Q } : = I

C] HJI E @Q } 1 I KR I r:

(*)

I @Q ] HJI E @Q C I:

(**)

26/151


29/153

(*) KR (**) I IY r{ Q IG r J C r S H ] HJI } rI H1 X H:

27/151


30/153

CC PHNG PHP PHN TCH MCH IfN

CC PHNG PHP PHN TCH MCH IfN

KHI NIfM CHUNG

S IY } r R R IQ I @I J KR I] H } r

( I] H J KR , r IG , r &, r J C, I H })KR NXJ J E IZ \ r, r QE, KR ] HJI IGX Q Q

# r JI E R y H r } r.

X J } r Z H r MQ E I J \ r, rQE, KR Q r JI { } KVIy H E.

t I @ E E{y IGZ r } r E I}E I X H E{yEQE J H E.

|NG DxNG BIdU DIeN Sm PH|C d GIWI MCH IfN

C } r { Z K 3.2.

C I:

Z \ r $, $1, $2 E{y EQE J H E

Z ] HJI IQ , ] HJI E @Q , ] HJI J @ }r.

28/151


31/153

#Z 3.2

" } r E{y EQE H E:

IG E Q CD = .&/ ( + &) = 5 ( 1+) ();

IG E AC = - C = -10 ();

IG E IR } AB = AC +CD = 5 ( 1+) - 10 = 5 ( 1- ) ( );

D\ r E } Y:

"Q IG J \ r } Y:

(A)

t QE E Q CD:

D\ r E $1:

29/151


32/153

"Q IG J \ r $1 = 10 (A)

D\ r E Q 2:

"Q IG J \ r $2 = 10 (A)

C] HJI IQ IR }: = $22 . = 100. 10 = 1000()

C] HJI E @Q IR }:

= $12 &f $2 C = 100. 10 f 200. 10 = - 1000 (G)

C] HJI J @ IR } :

CC PHNG PHP BIbN pI TNG NG

M` s& /&f+

CQ I IG 1, 2, 3 r{ IE

IG I{y r{y } IE Ir = 1 +2 + 3

[:

JN G Ir= 1 +2 + 3

30/151


33/153

I J: IG I{y r{y Q E I IE I Q I IG Q E I.

C] I I FJQI:

M` .*$ .*$

CQ I IG 1, 2, 3 r{ H H

iE r JI @E 1 I} _I A:

(1)

@Q :

(2)

(1) KR (2) I [:

[: Ir = 1 +2 +3

I J: I{y r{y Q Q H H I Q I QE I IGX Q Q.

C] I I FJQI:

31/151


34/153

B&f Jw& .a* - /aM $&4 (Y - !"/a) 5 /aM $&4 @ .a* ( !"/a -Y)

B r I Z H H I Q ( - I):

J 1 =2 = 3 = HJN G 12 =23 = 31 =3.N

B r I Z I Q H H ( I -):

J 12 = 23 = 31 = I HJN G 1 =2 = 3 = I/3

PHNG PHP DNG IfN NHNH

JI IQ:

Q r H _I KR H Q } r:

- `N o J \ r Q

- I -1 E{y IGZ E 1 f1 _I

32/151


35/153

- I f +1 E{y IGZ E 2 Q K\

- " E{y IGZ IZ Q \ r Q

BR IE:

C } r { Z K 3.4

C I:

1 =2 =3 = 1+ ();

Z Q \ r $1,$2KR $3 E{y EQE \ r Q.

33/151


36/153

#Z 3.4

" } r E{y EQE \ r Q

} r [ 2 _I ( = 2) KR 3 Q ( =3)

C J \ r Q $1,$2 , $3 KR J {y K\ , ( Z 3.4)

I E{y IGZ E 1 _I B:

I 2 E{y IGZ E 2 K\ :

\ :

\ :

H KR 3 E{y IGZ (1) (2) KR (3) I E{y IGZ r{ @I FJ:

JN G Q IG J :

I J

{ r E{y EQE \ r Q R J E{y IGZ K J H.

34/151


37/153

PHNG PHP DNG IfN VNG

JI IQ

a `N o J \ r Q KR \ r K\a &E - +1 E{y IGZ E 2 - +1 K\ r E

a " - + 1 E{y IGZ IZ Q \ r K\a Q \ r K\ HJN G Q \ r Q ( D\ r Q

I r} H Q \ r K\ }N IGX Q r[)

R H Q, R H _I } r

D\ r K\ R \ r } K\ I{ I{ }N @VE @Y IG Q K\ rE.

BR IE

C } r { Z 3.4

C I:

1 =2 =3 = 1+ ();

Z Q \ r $1, $2KR $3 E{y EQE \ r K\

" } r E{y EQE \ r K\:

} r [ 2 _I ( = 2) KR [ 3 Q ( =3)

C J \ r Q $1, $2 , $3 , J \ r K\ $, $ KR J {y

K\ , (Z 3.5)I E{y IGZ E 2 K\ KR K H R Q \ r K\$, $

\ :

35/151


38/153

\ :

H KR I 2 E{y IGZ (1)(2), IZ r{ \ r K\:

D\ r IGX Q Q

Q 1:

Q 2:

Q 3:

I J

{y EQE \ r K\ [ {J r R YI E{y IGZ, YI H y E{yEQE \ r Q, I{ r{ H r R IQ } r E I}E

PHNG PHP IfN P HAI NT

JI IQ

- `N o J \ r Q KR r QE _I

36/151


39/153

- Z r QE _I I ] I I FJQI:

IG r[ [ FJN { Q H r r @[ J { J K r QE AB IZ NJ {y KR ` J N J S.

a Z \ r Q Q QE r JI l Q Q.

BR IE

C } r { Z 3.6

Z Q \ r $1,$2KR $3 E{y EQE r QE 2 _I

37/151


40/153

#Z 3.6

C ] I I FJQI :

iE r JI l Q Q

Q 1:

Q 2:

Q 3:

iE r JI E 1 I} _I A:

Q E{y IGZ IGX I [:

C] I I FJQI J } [ Q KR [ _I A,B :

38/151


41/153

IG r[ [ FJN { Q H r r @[ J { J K r QE AB IZ NJ {y KR ` J N J S.

" R IQ IGX E{y EQE r QE _I:

t QE AB:

N H KR I [:

iE r JI l Q Q } r :

Q 1 :

Q 2:

Q 3:

I J:

39/151


42/153

{y EQE r QE _I IY E } r [ J Q { [ _I.

PHNG PHP bP CHnNG

{y EQE RN IGX JNX o ME HJ:

G I } IJN IY J J, \ ( QE) IG I Q R r[R I r} H ( ME ) J \ ( QE) H G I J r E RK I Z, Q J \ } .

JI IQ:

a C J 1 R K, Q J 2,3,... . " } I Ia RN r IZ IR E $1 \ $ IZa E I K Q 2,3, ..., I IZ r{ Q IR E $2,$3, ...$ $.

J ` R K, \ $ IZ R: $ = $1 +$2 +$3 +$4 +........+ $.

40/151


43/153

MCH IfN BA PHA

MCH IfN BA PHA

KHI NIfM CHUNG Vc MCH IfN BA PHA

IGJN I r s } r E II @ r{ SN y K IGJNI \ r I E r I I r E [ ] HJI y

t y r E [ J I} ry KR r IY II y r y I E.

t I} G J r E I ` QN EQI r r E.

MVI J I} QN EQI r r E ry :

Iu 6 GT, IG Q GT rI SN FJ A, B, C [ ` H K\ SNKR J I [ 2E/3 IG @] .

DSN FJ A R E A, SN FJ B R E B, SN FJ C R E C.

FJN R S Ku J [ 2 f

JNX Y R K QN EQI r r E:

FJN G]I FJN { J @ r , I IG{ {I FJVI Q SN FJ HIIKR KR IG SN FJ HII Q H r r Z H ` X r, ` IH KR E J I [ 2E/3.

r r E A: A = M HI

r r E B: B = M H(I - 2E/3)

r r E C: C = M H (I - 4E/3)= M H (I + 2E/3)

J r H r r Z H ` X r, ` I H, E J 2E/3 R J E r M

t K J r M I [: A+B+C=0

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44/153

J I IG E Q E I J A = B =C IZ I [ I r M.

} r E J, I KR r{ SN r M R } r E rM.

J @] IT T I IG Q rJ @ rT XJ R } E @] rM.

MCH IfN BA PHA PHx TWI NmI SAO

C4% s&

J Z H I r J E K J I} IR r IGJ IY

C4 0a %l $&a J& $ !63 5 +%a /*$ 4% s& %:% .a* Js& $

J \ r SN KR E

$ = $E

J r QE SN KR r QE E

[:

42/151


45/153

r :

AB = BC = CA = =

E

E, r QE SN AB , BC , CA E J I [ 1200 KR K{I IG{ r

QE E I{y I [ 300 .

MCH IfN BA PHA PHx TWI NmI HNH TAM GIC

C4% s&

J Z I Q I N rJ E RN K J E @.

A K , B K , C K

C4 0a %l $&a J& $ !63 5 J& $ +%a /*$ 4% s& %:% /aM $&4 Js&$

J r QE SN KR r QE E

= E

J \ r SN KR E

iE r JI E 1 I} Q _I

_I Ag:

_I Bg:

_I C':

43/151


46/153

r I Z 4.3. I [ :

$A = $B = $C = $

$AB = $BC = $CA = $E

IG H \ r SN I [ :

E, \ r SN $A, $B, $C E J I [ 1200 KR E H K \

r E I{y I [ 300

CNG SUYT MCH IfN BA PHA

C$ .0/ /4 !$

3E= A + B+ C = A $A HA + B $B HB + C $C HC

} E r M: A= B= C= ; $A= $B= $C= $

KR HA= HB= HC= H

[: 3E= 3 E $E H = 3 E $2E ; IG r[ E R r IG E.

t K H r M:

t K I Q r M:

C] HJI IQ E KI I r} { SN, QE IG{ E HKR I Q r M:

44/151


47/153

C$ .0/ +% '%4$

3E = A + B +C = A $A HA + B $B HB + C $C HC

} E r M : 3E= 3 E $E H = 3 E $2E; IG r[ E R r @QE

# KI I r} { SN:

C$ .0/ b&j0 '&f

} E r M, ] HJI J @ E:

CCH GIWI MCH IfN BA PHA mI |NG

t K } E r M J r M, I KR Q SN E r M.

} E r M I IY IQ IGX I E G HJN G Q E @

GII MCH IkN BA PHA TI NrI HENH SAO rI XNG

@] MVI I IG r{ SN E

t QE IGX E I:

IG E I:

IG r[ E, E R r IG KR r @Q E I . R r QE SN

45/151


48/153

D\ r E I:

R Z H: $ = $E

. [ MVI I IG r{ SN E

CQ IY IQ v I{y I:

IG r[ , R r IG KR r @Q r{ SN.

GII MCH IkN BA PHA TI NrI TAM GIC rI XNG

@] MVI I IG r{ SN

[: = E

D\ r E I $E

D\ r SN:

[ MVI I IG r{ SN

46/151


49/153

IG E _ I Q: = E+E

IG r H Z H

D\ r SN $:

D\ r E I :

CCH GIWI MCH BA PHA KHNG mI |NG

I E @] r M ( AbBbC ) IZ \ r KR r QE IGX Q E IH @] r M. G E RN I K M J } E R r M.

GII MCH IkN BA PHA TI NrI HENH SAO KHFNG rI XNG

Z H K SN IGJ IY [ I IG (Z 4.6.1.)

47/151


50/153

#Z 4.6.1.

D` E{y EQE r QE _I, r QE r IGJ IY g KR :

IG r[ A= 1/A; B=1/ B; C=1/ C; 0=1/ 0 R I E Q E I KR SNIGJ IY .

Z J r M:

N KR ] I IGX I [:

t QE IGX Q E I:

A:

48/151


51/153

B:

C:

D\ r Q E I:

D\ r IGX SN IGJ IY $0:

J MVI r I IG Q SN E

{y EQE IY IQ K { IGX { K:

I IG SN IGJ IY 0 = 0

[ SN IGJ IY r QE E IGX Q I r M.

D\ r IGX Q E I

A:

49/151


52/153

B:

C:

D\ r IGX SN IGJ IY $0:

GII MCH IkN BA PHA TI NrI TAM GIC KHFNG rI XNG

} E I @] r M Z I Q { Z 4.6.2

50/151


53/153

#Z 4.6.2

J r [ r QE SN R AB, BC, CA

J @] MVI I IG Q SN E ( =0) r QE rI X Q E I R r QESN J. D\ r IGX Q E I:

iE r JI E 1 I} Q _I

} _I A:

} _I B:

51/151


54/153

} _I C:

J IG{ E [ MVI I IG Q SN E I X r I{y r{y I

I Q IR Z H

CCH NmI NGUnN V? TWI TRONG MCH IfN BA PHA

J r KR I E rJ [ I Z H Z I Q, I`N I rJ @ I { r QE FJN r II , r QE } r KR I H NXJ J @IJI @Q.

C4% s& $0u J&l

CQ J r ` IG H }I I{ IR Z H [ SN IGJ IY. CQ RN [ {J r R J E r QE @Q J : t QE E KR r QE SN

C4% s& Jz$ J&l ba +%a

II @ { I rT FJN r r QE SN FJ. Y r y E [

r QE r SN FJ E R 220 (E =220), r[ IGX T J r y R / P 220/380 . J I r y KR R K } r [ rQE SN R 380 IZ r y E Z H

J r y N R K } r 220/127 [ r QE SN R 220 IZ r yE r{ Z I Q

C4% s& 4 /& a Mz/ +%a

t QE R K I E r_ r QE r rT IGX T

Y [ rW 220 _ R K } r 380/220 IZ E SN E KRSN IGJ IY. Cv [ rW N J R K } 220/127 IZ E SNE r } r QE rI KR II r_ r

52/151


55/153

JN X _ II IG H }I, I r QE II r QEE.

53/151


56/153

O LsNG IfN

O LsNG IfN

NHNG KHI NIfM CHUNG Vc O LsNG IfN

p% $%a

t { R I FJQ IGZ rQ Q r { r} { r K ry K r}{ r

P%6 *& 4% /% %&l +%7+ J*

t IG IE

CQ r R @I FJ r{ IG IE I I EVE r JN I

t Q IE

CQ r R @I FJ r{ HJN G I H E E @I FJ J EVE r ` JQ r IG IE

C4 *& .a& .s a +%7+ J* 5 + %9% 4

Sai s# tuy!t # i

#J H Q IG r KR Q IG I I :

Sai s# tng # i

H H H IJNI r KR Q IG r r{ IY E IGs:

Sai s# c(a d'ng c' o &c c trng bng sai s# tng #i quy $ i

54/151


57/153

r R IG H r I r I{y

Sai s# phng ph p

H H G H @] R I E{y EQE r KR H @] Y MQ JI Y IJNI I @I FJ r} { r

Sai s# thit b"

H II r H IG EVE r, X FJ r J IG_, IZ IG} r

Sai s# ch( qua n

H SN G { H . Y { I @V, J I, r

Sai s# h! th#n g

R E H H EVE r J] @] r N R IN r [ FJN JI @ r J I r} { r

CE Y MQ r

IM: H H IJNI r I; A @ I r IGX r

< 0.5 R } r [ E Y MQ , I{ R J . CQ r IG ] E I{ [ E Y MQ 1 n2.5

% nhy c(a d'ng c' o

=I / I

DI : r IX I r

DI : r IX r} { r

C CYU BIbN pI IfN C

t u

55/151


58/153

D r I{y I ( ) R } r R H [ R r} { X II K r} { r X I.

G r I{y I { I I{ ` Q I r y, IG r[ IY JKR R \ r \ IY J G R [ FJN @ I.

Cy J RN I K s { r I IR s { y R FJNE r I [ H K E Iu.

= () , : t} { r

JNX o R K y J r r y

\ r KR I y J r y r IQ I IG{ FJN X

E r y J R H G I ] FJN F.

F = rI/ ( rI R s { r I IG{)

J I rI KR IG E r I \ M IZ @ E r FJN \ M M} KR H G I ] :

= . ( H E IJ KR @Y I{ KR KI J I} \ M)

E r y J K IGY S :

F = HJN G = 1/. rI/

tSN R E{y IGZ r IY I r

Cy J r @J r y [ 4 }:

a Cy J @J I r

a Cy J @J r Ia Cy J @J r ra Cy J @J a Cy J @J Iu r

C CWU O KIiU T IkN

CJ I}

56/151


59/153

S Ku J (1) [ r I [ Q I.

a &^ IVE Z IG (2) @ @] @Y S R I IG{ } KR ES rJ.

a CJ SN r (3) SN r II IGX @J ] f @J] r FJ SN.

a &\ M (4) ` r I} ] E @Q.a G (5)a I (6)

JNX o R K

[ \ r I J r }N KR J SN r, I IG{ [ H IQ K I IG{ S Ku J, I} X !$ IQ X } JSN r KR SN G ] FJN F:

F =!$.*D = B&$ .D = F .$

FJ [ @ I KR \ r r:

= .$

IG r[ R r }N y J r

t r KR

u iM:

- C[ r Y MQ KZ Q E I y J [ r r , I IG{ I }X YI { I IG{ R KR ] HJI IXJ I

- r r rJ

- t }N X r r{ Q \ I J GI .

Nh&c iM :

- C r r{ \ I J KZ [ I I K \ r

- I J SN r , X @ s FJQ I @V

- CJ I} E I}E, { @[ H .

)ng d'ng:

57/151


60/153

C I} r r \ r KR r QE I J: K] @, s E @.

t Q \, QE IG H {: r @, sE@, K@.

t r IG : l VI, X]VI

C I} r K} s.

C CWU O KIiU IkN T

CJ I}

Cy J 2 } Y: @J J SN E KR @J J SN IG\

MVI y J @J J SN E { Z 5.2.2

- CJ SN E E Iu (1)

- &^ IVE (2)

- &Q HI I (3) R E r, IG \ J SN E Iu

- B E J (4)

#Z 5.2.2

58/151


61/153

JNX o R K

\ r r $ KR J SN 1, Q HI I 3 H rN R @ FJN r I[ . G J SN r{ IY vN s { I IG{:

= &$2 /2

&: t J SN

FJ [ @ I K \ r r $:

= $2

: r }N y J r

. t r KR u iM :

- t r{ \ MN J KR I J

- s FJQ I II SN FJ , r r{ \ KR QE

- CJ I} ry

Nh&c iM :

- IG{ IS NJ, { I IG{ R. D I EJ ] KR IIG, X r Y MQ @] , r }N IE.

- r r @] rJ.

)ng d'ng: C I} Q E @ KR K] @ I J KR MN J

C CWU O KIiU IkN yNG

CJ I}

- Iu R J SN (1 ) J SN rI } J r I} G @@] [ I IG{ I{y r rJ, FJ SN II .

- r R J SN (2 ) [ II rI IG \ J SN Iu.

R G \ [ \ M KR E J

59/151


62/153

JNX o R K

D\ r r r{ r{ KR J SN 1( $1) K R 2 ( $2) I} X 2 I IG{ rN J,SN X ] FJN. s { I IG{ IY vN IG 2 J SN:

= &1$1

2/2 +&2$2

2/2 + $1.

$2

&1,&2 : r J SN; : J SN

FJ [ @ I K 2 \ r r:

= . $1 $2

IG r[ R r }N y J r

J $1= $2 =$ HJN G = $2

t r KR

u iM :

- ] [ ^ IVE X @] [ I HI I, X r Y MQ , I} r K E Y MQ r 0.05.

- t r{ \ I J KR MN J.

Nh&c iM :

- CJ SN (2) [ II , X @ s FJQ I @V.

- CJ I} E I}E

- IG{ y J r { I IG{ R.

)ng d'ng:

C I} K] @, E @ I J KR MN J KR I} r

] HJI (QI @) R NJ .

60/151


63/153

C CWU O KIiU CM NG

CJ I} ( Z K 5.2.4)

- Iu J SN (2) KR J SN (3)

CJ r QE (2) [ H K\ J, II .

CJ \ r (3) [ II , FJ YI K\

- r ru ] (1) K IG (4)

#Z 5.2.4

JNX o R K

C \ r $1 KR $2 KR J SN (2) KR(3) H G I I] 1 KR 2 J[ N . ] R ru ] FJN: F = C.1.2 HN

# J SN E Iu {I r \ $ KR r QE X:

1 P ; 2 P$ ; [ E KR $ ( KZ E H K 1 [ 90 , $ `

E K 2 ) X = N+900

F = C.1.2 H ME M N .$.H =

{ KN ] FJN I K ] HJI R I IXJ I .

61/151


64/153

t I H K\ FJN ru ], { I KR IG y J I r y@Y. &{ r s IXJ I A IG @ I I:

A = . I= C. ( : H K\ FJN ru ])

t r KR

- tJ @ r ] FJN R E [ I IG{

- ] FJN E IJ I H \ r

- C R K IG } r MN J

: C I} ] Iy r r s

O DNG IfN V? O IfN P

O DNG IkN

t \ r Q E @ IE K E I [ \ r r }NFJ. t IG IG E @ R R II

t G I r I J, { I ` r IG Hy (HJI) H H HK y J r

[ $ = $+$A

= $/$A = A / + 1

: H G I r.

N r I r{ Q H G I r @Q J

A / = 9;99; 999 HJN G = 10;100;1000;...

D\ r FJ y J r[ 1/10; 1/100;1/1000; .. K \ r.

t \ MN J ` Q EVI r I N r r.

\ MN J I ` QN \ r G I r.

62/151


65/153

AEVI r I G I r Q J SN Iu G J r} J KR IJw IJ K IE N H H ( Z 5.3.1. )

r \ MN J r I r { I E {J \ MNJ IR I J

#Z 5.3.1.

O IkN P

t r QE { I ` K] @ H H K } r [ r QE r.

t @I FJ r Y MQ IZ r IG K] @ R R II.

t G I r Q IX r IG E IE K K] @

" @= / : H G I r.

@ = / = 1+E/K

N r E [ I r}I r{ Q Q IG @ @Q J

r r QE r G I r { I ` QN QE r QE.

O CNG SUYT

D r ] HJI R QI @ (QI VI), ry K ] HJI R QI ().

O CFNG SUWT TRONG MCH IkN SIN MyT PHA

QI VI N r ] HJI I{ I} I y J @J r r

JNX o }I r:

63/151


66/153

- CJ Iu 1 IE K E I KR R J \, [ r IG GI XI{ FJ YI K\ SN .

- CJ 2 E r ` R J QE, H H K E I r .

CJ SN 2 r IG GI X { I IX I r IG E E.

] FJN I I J SN 2 E r: F=@ $$ $

D\ r FJ J SN Iu 1 R \ r E I $EI=$$, \ \ FJ J SN r2: $$ =$EI; $ =/(2+E) HJN G $ P HJN G F P EI = $ H

{ KN F QI VI I K ] HJI IQ E I X r{ ` r r] HJI } MN J KR I J.

O CFNG SUWT MCH IkN BA PHA

} E SN r M, IZ ` I QI @ r ] HJI 1 E GS 3 : 3E= 3.1E

J R } 3 E 4 SN @] r M IZ E ` 3 QIVI r G @I FJ }.3E=A+B+C

} E @] [ SN IGJ IY E I I @w, { I ` 2 QI @ r r] HJI:

3E=1+2

C :

C] HJI I I } E: E3E= JAA+JBB+JCC (1)

[: A+B+C=0 HJN G C= - ( A+B) (2)

(1) KR (2) I [:

E3E = A (JA-JC)+B (JB-JC) = AJAC+BJBC = E1+E2

{ I rT I} } QI @ 3 E E I, Q Hy r r I{y I { Q` 2 QI @ I E

64/151


67/153

O IfN TRu

t Q IE

t r r IG I ` AE @ r \ r $ KR K]@ r r QE .

t IG r: M = /$

[ M +A = /$, r IG E@ SN H H EVE r.

[: $ = /M + /K HJN G M = 1/ ($/ f1/K)

t IG K] @ SN X H H EVE r, ` r r r IG [ Q IG

t l @ (Z 5.5.2)

#Z 5.5.2

l @ ` r r Q r IG [ Q IG

CJ I}:

- J E

- Cy J I @J I r

- I - r IG ` r rJ K IGY @].

- M - r IG r

65/151


68/153

M r KR }, \ r r FJ y J r $:

$ = /( I + M)

KR I @] r IZ $ E IJ M, r r{ $ I HJN G r IG M

GX I r @ r I ry K r IG I{y K \ r $

J I I H E , X IG{ @ r } 1, 2 r @ K K IGY 0, HJ r[ I rJ r.

X]VI ( ]]VI I r)

D` r r r IG { r IG Q r

Iu R I S Ku J [ ^ IVE .

r @J SN 1 [ r IG 1, @J SN 2 [ r IG 2

J J E [ r QE I 500 f 1000 QN EQI r 1 J FJN IN I} G

t IG E ` r rJ E1 IE K r IG 1 , E2 IE Kr IG 2, r IG r M IE K r IG E1

D\ r FJ 2 @J SN:

$1 =/(1+E1 +M); $2 =/(2+E2);

"[ FJN X]VI I K I H \:

=($1/$2) =(2+E2)/ (1+E1 +M)

D 1, E1 2, E2 @] IN r, X = (M)

CJ r r IG

t IG r R M R I Q J, Q r IG 1, 2, 3 [ I rJ r{. tJ Q r IG 1, 2, 3 r @ " @], J rT S :

M/2 = 3/1 HJN G M =2. 3/1

66/151


69/153

KHI NIfM Vc O LsNG CC I LwNG KHNG IfN

NHNG KHI NIkM CHUNG V? S CHUYiN vI O L|NG

Q J

CQ r} { @] r { QE HJI, I r, {J {, I , K I KI, I r FJN, [ I r r{ I Q Y MQ EVE r { r.

t I IY J r r{ IGJN KR rJ @ IJ y.

y r @ r { Q r} { @] r :

a Cy J JN r r {a t r Q r} { @] r IR Q r} { r { r QE,

\ r, r IG, r , r J .K.K

a CQ @SJ IGJ { @J r}, ` Q r} { ra CQ y J r { rJ G [ I I Q r} { @] r

CJN r r {

C s Q r} { r @Q J IR Q r} { r

C[ J Q JN r:

a CJN r r IGa CJN r r Ia CJN r r Ja CJN r I r

I KR JN r:

CJN r r IG

- B IG

t IG IG : M= .&/&

& R @ JN }N .

B IG ` r r JN I J [ } IG MN

67/151


70/153

- CJN r r IG s

CJ I} N R r, IGX r[ Q H SN E @ EI.J r[ Q X II r }.

IX r IG JN r : / = ./

: r }N JN r

: HJI IQ X JN r r

: ]rJ rR

CJN r r I

CJN r Q JN I N [ IR IN r r , KR MJI

H r r

CJN r r J ({ Z 5.6.1.)

t J I r C: C = . /

: H r ]

: IY $

: @ Q $

JN @ Q r , [ FJN N J RN r ] r H IX I r

#Z 5.6.1.

68/151


71/153

4. CJN r I r ({ Z 5.6.1.)

#Z 5.6.1.

t R I @ } @] r I $ KR $$, I r I1 KR I0 @Q J rMJI H r r IG } R H I r r

G H H I r r E IJ r X I r rJ I1, I0 . Cy J `r r I r.

MyT Sr MCH O L|NG CC I LNG KHFNG IkN

t HJI

Q JN r r IG s X r r KR R I Q } J {Z 5.6.2.

IX r QE G IGX r{ V r{ @J r} KR r{ KR y J r

69/151


72/153

#Z 5.6.2.

t H JN ( { Z 5.6.2.)

#Z 5.6.2.

JN KI I r H IN r @ Q 2 I C, rIN r r J C, IX r QE KR IY J r{ r{ G y J r. Cy J r Hr{ @ K} @ JN I{y .

O LsNG Sm

JNX o I H

t} { r M(I) HJ @ FJ r IR MJ (Bt). MJ r{ r{ r{KR T [ (#) y H 2 HJ r[ r T (") KR r{ G H {Z 5.7.1

70/151


73/153

#Z 5.7.1I H

C[ J } II H FJ @Q J { ` E I R H &D VE 7 I KR } I I . tI EQI FJ R I Q EQI HQ @ rI KR r QE I J, \ I I { IQ r QE HJN E I IG} IQ IG HJI H IG} IQ KR I [ I Z IN J H r HJ.

I IXJ I ] HJI GI (0,1 I I) \ rI EQI FJ R10A.

CQ II @ IJI H T y H 2. t r I] I r I G X R I r T y H 2 IR T y H 10

#Z 5.7.2

I R K RN R T

{ I H 7 K} I r IGY { Z 5.7.2 . J II Q K} rJ HQI r{ H 8.

71/151


74/153

B T 7 K} r{ I} { } K } @J 74247 [ Q rJ G [E. D` r rJ @ I &D [ J I +5 . t r \ I J IX 7 r IG X R.

CQ T IE ES 7 K} r{ I} @I E K @ I { }K } . G K } IGY Q r {J IG Q KR

B I H J H . #}I r I R IE @] EH H K K H Q IG KR r @X [ I G_I rQ @H SN .

72/151


75/153

M7 (g

KHI NIfM CHUNG Vc M! IfN

KHI NIfM CHUNG Vc M! IfN

iNH NGHA V? PHN LOI

p% $%a

QN r R II r I, JNX o R K KR I{ r I.QN r ` r r } s { { y s IR r s (QN EQIr) { } r r s IR y s (r y r), ` r

r I] H r s { r r QE, \ r (QN QE, QN \), I H (QN I).

P%6 *&

QN r [ J } KR [ J Q ES } @Q J, KY ES } I ]HJI, I J I}, I s, I } \ r, I JNX o R K K.K

G {y RN ES } I JNX o r s { { HJ:

QN r Iu

QN r Iu R QN r R K KR I{ r I H IX I I] Q J SN @] [ H JN r I{y r K J

QN r [ E FJN

JNX o R K KR I{ r I, r I, I IG{ KR

\ r Q J SN [ JN r I{y r K J

CC iNH LU\T IfN T} C BWN DJNG TRONG M! IfN

JNX o R K QN r I{ IGX y H r JI r IKR r JI r I. IY IQ } I { I H r JI } I.

73/151


76/153

oNH LU]T CM NG IkN T

G{ E I I] IX MJNX FJ K\ SN

I I] IX MJNX FJ K\ SN , IG K\ SN H MJI H rr IY I ] I: = - /I

CJ H r r r{ MQ r I FJN I K _I

CJ SN [ K\, H r r J SN: = - . /I

G{ E I JN r IG I IG{

$: { r \ r

&: J R I

!$: r I

CJ r I !$ MQ r FJN I R IN IGQ

oNH LU]T MCH T

} I R } @VE @Y ` r I I] (IG QN r } I R ^ IVE)

J # R { r I IG{ I IE E \ r 1,2,......, I} G KR J C R

r{ @Y IG @] :

C] I I FJQI r K } I [ r} KR J SN FJ IGX } I:

IG r[ \ r [ J E` E K J rT I FJN I K _I H J {y, @] E` E H J S

#@: { r I IG{ IG r} } I I @

@: J R IGJ Z r} } I I @

74/151


77/153

: H K\ SN J SN I

:r{ R H I r J SN I

#@@: I QE Gy r} } I I @

C r} } I (Z 6.2.3):

iE r JI } I: #1.&1 + #2 .&2 = 1.1f 2.2

CC V\T LIfU CHb TO M! IfN

I J I} QN r :

I J r, KI J I, KI J Q r KR KI J @I J.

V^/ &l0 !\ J&l

DSN FJ QN r I{ r ], II IG\ I.

[ NXJ J r I, { I ` Q E @ r, ] ` IVE

V^/ &l0 !\ /

I J I ` r I} Q E } I, { I ` Q KI J HII r R } I: IVE Q @ IJI r, IVE Q I{, IVE r_, IVE GW.

r} } I [ I I] r K I H 50O I{ ` IVE Q @ IJI rRN 0.35 f 0.5 , IG IR E IVE [ I 2 f5 % .

r} } I [ I IG{ @] r, I{ ` IVE r_, IVE GW.

V^/ &l0 4% J&l

I J Q r ` Q N Q E r KR @] r, Q NQ E r K J IG QN r.

CI Q r QN r 4 [:

a CI J y IX X { N, K

75/151


78/153

a CI K] y { s, , H IJ Ia CQ I I Ea CQ } , Hy Q r

V^/ &l0 'f/ 0

I J @I J R KI J r I} Q II J Q IQ r y { IG, IG, K QN, E QN.

CQ KI J @I J I{ R , IVE Q, IVE GW, @ } RJ KR E @ _, Q I .

PHT NFNG V? L?M MT M! IfN

CQ } I IG QN r:

- HI I IG IVE ( I{ I IG KR \ r MQN)

- r IG r IG SN FJ

- HQI

I I s { rJ IR I s R [ QN r.

t R QI, QN r E [ Q EQE I I G ] IG{ MJ FJ.

{ K QN r r{ I} [ Q Q I I KR [ I FJ}I [ r QIQN I {J I R QI QN r { J IG QN QE .K.K.

PHNG PHP NGHIN C|U M! IfN

X J QN r Q { HJ:

a X J Q I{ KI Y MN G IG QN ra D KR Q r JI KI o, KI E{y IGZ IQ I H R K

QN r. t[ R ] Z IQ QN r.a ] Z IQ, II E ] Z }, r[ R } r IN I QN

r.a ] Z IQ KR ] Z }, IY IQ Q r IY KR X J QN

r, @ IQ, H I NXJ J I.

76/151


79/153

M! BIbN P

M! BIbN P

KHI NIfM CHUNG CzA M! BIbN P

t r r QE (\ r) \ MN J I Q IG r Q IG IE { } I ` QN QE.

oNH NGHA V? CC LNG oNH MC

t u

QN QE R II r I Iu, R K I JNX I r I, ` r

r I r MN J (1, $1,) IR (2, $2,)

tJ KR QN QE K J r R Hy E. tJ G K I R IE .

CQ { r

- t QE r

t QE Hy E r @Y J 1r R r QE rT FJN r SN FJ Hy E. tQE I E r @Y J 2r R r QE Q SN FJ I E, @ SNFJ I E } KR r QE rI KR SN FJ Hy E R r .

QN QE E r QE r R r QE SN

- D\ r r

D\ r r R \ r rT FJN r SN FJ QN QE,

K ] HJI r KR r QE r .

t K QN QE E, \ r r R \ r SN.

D\ r Hy E r @Y J $1r, \ r I E r @Y J $2r

- C] HJI r

77/151


80/153

C] HJI r QN QE R ] HJI J @ I E r R Kr .

C] HJI r @Y J R r, ry K R A.

CFNG DNG CA MY BIeN P

C] QN QE R IGJN I KR ES E r s IG

I r

J I = $2. IGX r{ SN IGJN I [ E{y Q:

{y Q 1: " r IG r{ SN ( = G./)

J I Is II SN , I R Is @ { SN , Q IG r r{ SN, EY MSN r{ SN I r GI ( E{y Q RN @] @ I)

{y Q 2: " \ r $ }N IGX r{ SN IGJN I.

J $ I E Is r QE, I ` QN Is QE KZ r K QN QE 1$1= 2.$2 ( E{y Q RN @ I KR J FJ y)

QN QE \ r{ ` G GT :

G @ IJI R, II \ J, IG @ IJI K] IJN r, IG u K r{. IG Q II I r, R J II r, r I , IG II H }I rZ K.K.

CWU TO V? NGUYN L L?M VIkC CA MY BIeN P

CWU TO MY BIeN P

" E Y: ^ IVE KR SN FJ

&^ IVE QN QE

78/151


81/153


82/153

#Z 7.2.2

QN QE [ I, { IQ r H r r 2, [ \ r I E $2J E r I.

I] IX Z H = M HI

[:

@ = 1/ 2= 1/ 2 , @ r{ R H QE.

B FJ r IG SN FJ KR I I] I G R @] @Y I [:

1/ 2 ME M 1/ 2 = 1/ 2 = @

B FJ I IG QN QE, I [:

2 $2ME M 1 $1 HJN G 1/2 ME M $2/$1 =1/2 = @

80/151


83/153

CC PHNG TRNH CN B_NG IfN V? T} CzA M! BIbN P

FJN I K _I , J E` E K J 1, 1 KR 1 ` J .

CJ 2 r{ { K J 2 u R J 2 @] E` E K J IFJN I K _I .

G QN QE \ [ I I] I I1 , I2 ( Z 7.3.)

I] I r{ r IG{ r I .

t I SN FJ Hy E &1 : &1 = I1 /1

t I SN FJ I E &2 : &2= I2 /2

#Z 7.3.

7.3.1. {y IGZ S r QE IGX SN FJ Hy EiE r JI E 2 } E } r Z 7.3. :

IG r[ 1 = &1

81/151


84/153

#Z 7.3.

7.3.2. {y IGZ S r QE IGX SN FJ I E

iE r JI E 2 } E } r Z 7.3. :

#Z 7.3.

G r[ 2 = &2.

P%$ /:% 6 b$ /

t QE { r rI KR QN QE 1ME M 1 = 4.44 1M @] r, X I I] Y M H @] r.

82/151


85/153

{y IGZ S I { } H E:

S n THA! THb M! BIbN P

Q E{y IGZ S r I I MSN ] Z } r QN QE.y r IN I R Hy r r E rN r FJQ IGZ s { IG QN QE,I [ E{y IGZ:

G r[:

E{y IGZ IGX I MSN r{ Hy r IN I QN QE

(Z 7.4.)

83/151


86/153

#Z 7.4.

CHb q KHNG TWI CzA M! BIbN P

&R r R EY I E } KR EY Hy E r{ rI KR r QE.

d J&jM %f Jz '%$ /& a M43 b&f 4+

D\ r @] I $0

[ : $0 = 1/ O0

IG O0 GI KZ I $0 GI : $0 =(3% -10% )$1r

C] HJI @] I 0

0 = 0 $20=I $

2I = HI

# H ] HJI H0

T%9 $%&lM '%$ /& a M43 b&f 4+

Q r H QE @, I HI I HI, I, I, H0, $0

y r IY

] @ 1 1r; K] @ 2 2r

AE @ A \ r @] I $0

84/151


87/153

QI VI ] HJI @] I 0

a # H QE @ : @ = 1/2 =1r/2ra D\ r @] I E IGs : $0 % = $0/$1r .100% = (3% n 01%) $1r

a t IG @] I: 0=0/$20 ME M I

a IG @] I: O0 = 1r /$0

t @Q @] I:

IME M

a # H ] HJI @] I: H0 = 0/(1r$0 ) = 0.1 n0.3

CHb q NG^N MCH CzA M! BIbN P

&R r R EY I E II } KR EY Hy E K rI KR r QE. tSN R IZIG} H .

cC IiM CHe y NG_N MCH CA MY BIeN P{y IGZ KR Hy r IN I QN QE }.

y r IN I

IG Og2 GI H K OI , X [ I Q I Q .

D\ r } $:

$

= 1r

/O

: r IG } QN QE

85/151


88/153

: r @Q } QN QE.

O : I IG } QN QE

GI X $ GI :

$ = 1r/O ME M (10 n 25) $1r ( IZ IG} H )

TH NGHIkM NG_N MCH CA MY BIeN P

Q r I IGX r IG SN FJ KR Q I] H 1, 1, 2, 2

y r IY }

DSN FJ Hy E K J FJ rJ r QE .

rJ r QE, I [ I rJ r QE rI KR SN FJ Hy E H \ r IG Q SN FJ r}I Q IG r .

% = /1r 100% = (3n10 %) 1r

C] HJI r IG IY } R I IG r IG 2 SN FJ.

a IG }: O = /$1r

a t IG }: = /$21r

a t @Q }

a ] H SN FJ

1 =g2 = /2

1 =g2 =/2

BI H QE, IY r{ I] H I E { FJN r.

2=g2/@2 ;2=g2/@2

86/151


89/153

CHb q CF TWI CzA M! BIbN P

C r [ I R r IG r[ SN FJ Hy E K J r QE r , SNFJ I E K I.

# H I : @ I = $2/$2r= $1/$1r

@I=1 I r , @I1 FJQ I.

t IX r QE I E.

2% = (2r-2)/ 2r .100%

t IY R QN QE

J 2 = ($2), @ 1 =1r KR HI = HI.

t QE I E 2 R: 2 = 2r -2 = 2r (1 - 2%/100)

KR J HJI QN QE

- IGX r IG SN FJ Hy E KR I E R I r

r =r1+r2 = $121 +$222 = @I2

IG r[

R ] HJI r r{ IG IY } .

- HI I HI IG ^ IVE \ r MQN KR I IG SN G.. HI I ] HJI r @ IY @] I. HI = 0

#J HJI QN QE :

=2/1 = 2/(2 + HI +r) = @Ir HI /( @Ir HI +0 +@I2)

2= 2 H I = @Ir HI

J HI @] r, J HJI r} @ MY /MY @I = 0 HJN G @I2 =0

# H I K J HJI r}:

87/151


90/153

t K QN QE ] HJI IGJ Z KR , J HJI r} @ H I

@I= 0.5 /0.7

M! BIbN P BA PHA

t r r QE I r E, I ` QN QE E.

J I} ^ IVE QN QE E 3 IG KR IGX IG FJ SN FJ HyE KR I E E

DSN FJ Hy E: E A I{ @Y J R A, E B R B, E C R C.

DSN FJ I E: E I{ @Y J R M, E R N, E R O.

DSN FJ Hy E KR I E [ I Z H Z I Q, KY { [ 4

IG{ E y , 12 I SN ( Z 7.8.1)

#Z 7.8.1

H r QE SN IG 4 IG{ E y :

/:

88/151


91/153

/:

/:

/:

SN QN QE I I Q J Hy E, I E KR [ E r QE SN Hy E KR r QE SN I E.

Y : SN @Y J /- 21; EY Hy E KR I E H, [ E

r QE SN Hy E KR I E R 12M300

=3600

S L?M VIfC SONG SONG CzA M! BIbN P

R K H H, ] HJI { r GI J H K ] HJI QN,r S J FJ @ I I KR IR J E r, @ I QN [ E H .

tJ @ r Q QN QE R K H H :

a t QE r Hy E KR I E Q QN E J I{y a CQ QN E [ ` I SNa t QE } Q QN E J.

$% = $$% =.....%

89/151


92/153

C r rJ @ RN, r I ES IGX Q QN I K ] HJI r _.

CiC i B$ i tC B$

MY BIeN P T NG[U

B QE I J \ r{ R QN I QE

QN QE I J I E I{ [ ] HJI , r{ ` IG Q E\ IY KR IG Q II r R J [ @ s rJ r{ r QE rJ GI NXJ J.

QN QE I J I E [ SN FJ IE QE (H K\ SN 2 ) R I E SN FJ QE (H K\ SN 1) ( Z 7.10.1 )

[: 1/2=1/2 N R 2 = 1.1/2

#Z 7.10.1

IN r K IGY IE r IG{I , H IN r r{ r QE 2.

QN I QE [ II ^ IVE V y QN QE I] I{ { K r r ] HJI

QN I QE IG r[ J IE QE R I E J QE X II @ r{SN , KR r{ I .

90/151


93/153

QN I QE [ { r R r IR r @]

MY BIeN P O L|NG

QN r QE

D` r r QE MN J GI MJ r QE IE r r { Q I] I{.

K\ SN J I E E YI y H K\ SN J Hy E. I SN FJ HyE y II SN FJ I E.

G @ R K, @] r{ r QN r QE } I E.

#Z 7.10.2.

QN \ r

D` r \ r MN J MJ \ r r r { KR I H

rY @Q.

Z \ r I E y \ r Hy E X H K\ SN I E J y HK\ SN Hy E. I SN FJ I E y II SN Hy E

t K QN \ @] r{ r } I E.

91/151


94/153

#Z 7.10.2.

92/151


95/153

M! IfN KHNG nNG Bq

M! IfN KHNG nNG Bq

KHI NIfM CHUNG

QN r @] r R } QN r [ E FJN, R K K r MN J,I JNX Y r I, [ I r FJN G]I @Q K I r FJN IIG{.

QN r @] r [ IY IJ , [ I R K r r y rKR QN EQI r. QN EQI r @] r [ r IY R K @] II X YIr{ `.

t y r @] r [ J I} KR K R ry , YQ IR G, R K IN X r{ H J IG H MJI KR r H.

t y r @] r Q }: r y E, E KR I E.

CYU TO CzA M! IfN KHNG nNG Bq BA PHA

" E Y:

a Iu ( IIG: II, MII)a FJN ( IG: ]I)

#Z 8.2

PHN TNH ( STATO)

Iu Q E R ^ IVE KR SN FJ, R G [ K QN KR E QN(Z 8.2.1.)

93/151


96/153

#Z 8.2.1.

&^ IVE

&^ IVE HII Z IG Q Q IVE @ IJI r r{ E GT X IG, VE } KJ I} IR Q GT I { IG. &^ IVE r{ VE KR IG K QN

(Z 8.2.1.)

#Z 8.2.1.

DSN FJ E

DSN FJ HII R SN r r{ Q r (SN r I) r{ rI IGQ GT ^ IVE. D\ r MN J E }N IG SN FJ E HIIH I} G I IG{ FJN. DSN FJ E [ I H I Q

QN

94/151


97/153

QN R ] , ` r I ^ IVE, r QN IGX, K QN KR r IG G]I (Z 8.2.1. )

PHN QUAY ( RFTO)

" ^ IVE, SN FJ KR IG QN.

&^ IVE

&^ IVE Q Q IVE @ IJI r r{ E GT I R VE }, I} IR QGT I { IG, Q r E IG

DSN FJ

DSN FJ G]I QN r @] r I{ [ @J: G]I H[ (G]I }) KR G]I SN FJ.

]I H[ IG Q GT ^ IVE G]I rI Q I r ( ]), QI r I{ rI X H K IG, rJ } 2 K\ r(]), I} IR H[ (Z 8.2.2.)

#Z 8.2.2.

]I SN FJ ^ IVE KR SN FJ.

95/151


98/153

&^ IVE Q Q IVE @ IJI r VE } K J I} IR Q GT { IG

G GT ^ IVE G]I, rI SN FJS E. DSN FJ G]I I{ H, rJ G K K\ IE M_ r (KR IG{I), r{ K IG X R rrJ I r KR QN

t y @] r [ }: t y G]I H[ KR r y G]I SN FJ

T} TRsNG CzA M! IfN KHNG nNG Bq

T TR|NG ]P MCH CA DY QUWN MyT PHA

IG{ SN FJ I E R I IG{ [ E{y @] r, H IG H KR J r I I , R I IG{ rE }.

C \ r Z H I E }N KR J SN A ( Z 8.3.1. )

DSN FJ A r{ rI IG 4 GT IGX HII 1,2,3,4.

#Z 8.3.1.

Cs KR J \ r I K r{ J I IG{ I FJN I K _I , SNFJ I} G I IG{ rE } [ ( E=1; E R H r] ), I IG{ RN [E{y @] r, { [ J KR r IX Z H I I .

{y I I rI SN FJ A IGX 4 GT I} G I IG{ 4 rE } ( E=2).

96/151


99/153

T TR|NG QUAY CA DY QUWN BA PHA

I} IR I IG{ FJN

MVI QN r E ry 6 GT IG r[ rI SN FJ r M A,B, C IGX HII

B SN FJ r{ rI J IG @] I [ 1200 r.

G Q SN FJ [ \ r E r M }N FJ [ r I

A = $M HI

B = $M H(I-1200)

C = $M H(I-2400)

A }N KR J SN A, B }N KR J B, C }N KR J C

J A >0 IZ \ r KR A G , J A


100/153

V Iy I IG{ I BI rT FJN r I [ R 2400 H K I r rJ IJ { J @ r .

N \ r E I} G I IG{ FJN

t r I IG{ FJN

- r I IG{ FJN

r I IG{ FJN E IJ KR I H \ r HII KR H r] E.

r I IG{ FJN R 1 =60/E ( K\ /E_I)

- CJ FJN I IG{

CJ FJN I IG{ E IJ KR I I E \ r r}I r}

J r J FJN I IG{ I JNX I E KR IN r I I E\ } K J .

Y:D\rB KR SN FJ C, \ r C KR SN FJ B, I IG{H FJN I J { } I R ` J @ r .

- BX r I IG{ FJN

I] I IG{ FJN MJNX FJ SN FJ IX Z H KR [ X r 3/2 I I] r} I E

M = 3/2 EM

IG{ FJN SN FJ E

[ SN FJ E rI J IG @] 1 [ 900 r, \ r IG

SN FJ E J K I 900, v ES IY { IGX, I IG{ ER I IG{ FJN KR [ X r : M = EM

I] I

B E I I] [ K\ GX G K SN FJ R I I] I

98/151


101/153

NGU!N L L?M CzA M! IfN KHNG nNG Bq

JNX o R K r y r @] r E:

I \ r E I H KR SN FJ HII H I} G I IG{ FJN KI r R 1 = 60/E.

IG{ FJN I Q I SN FJ G]I KR Q H r r. ZSN FJ G]I @Y }, X H r r H H G \ r IG QI G]I.

& IQ I{y I IG{ FJN QN K I \ rG]I, @V G]I FJN K I r < 1 KR ` J K 1

#Z 8.4

r FJN G]I J] J] y I r I IG{ FJN 1 KZ I r JIZ IG SN FJ G]I @] \ H r r KR \ r , X r I @].

# H IG{I I r : H = (1-)/1

r r y : = 60/E. (1-H) (K\/E_I)

99/151


102/153

PHNG TRNH CN B_NG IfN V? T} CzA qNG C IfNKHNG nNG Bq

P'&


103/153

@ = (11@F1)/(22@F2) R H FJN r \ r G]I

$0: \ r HII _ @] I; $1, $2 R \ r HII KR G]I @ r y @V I,

1, 2 R H E SN FJ HII KR G]I

S n THA! THb CzA qNG C KHNG nNG Bq

[ E{y IGZ :

y r IN I r y @] r ( Z 8.6):

#Z 8.6

M MEN QUA! CzA qNG C KHNG nNG Bq BA PHA

] r I rI r[ K IG\ ] FJN:

= rI = rI/1= rI.E/

1: I H [ I IG{ FJN ; : I H [ \ r HII; E R H r] I

101/151


104/153

C] HJI r I: rI= 3$g22 g2/H

D KR Hy r IN I 8.6 I IY r{:

[ :

t I ] I H IG{I = (H) ( Z 8.7.)

N H = (1-)/1 KR J I I [ FJ =()

J =(), R r{ r IY y r y @] r

(Z 8.7.)

) )

#Z 8.7

t y H R K r F = ( Z 8.7. )

102/151


105/153


106/153

Is IZ Is

[ \ r QN MJ KR ] QN Is

t[ R {J r r y G]I SN FJ.

M M43 Jz$ u$ .;

QN IG IE

{y EQE r[ IG IE r y r KR { r.

JNI r E{y EQE RN R \ r QN , R II r QE }r GI J. {y EQE RN ` r{ @ ] HJI } r ( J r) y ] HJI r y GI J.

" r QE J E HII

QN I r QE KR r y, v R r{ \ r QN.

JNI r E{y EQE RN ] QN GI J, KZ I H r{ r K IG{ E @] NXJ J ] QN .

CQ EQE r QE { HJ:

- D` r @Q IE KR } HII

&_ QN, J 2 , J 1 r[. r y rT FJN r IZ r[2 KR I 1.

[ r QE Gy IGX r @Q, r QE IG IE rI KR r y r @ ,

\ r H r @ , H ] r @2 (KZ P2)

- D` QN I QE

104/151


107/153

"@RHQE;1 R r QE E { r ; O R I IG r y _ QN.

D\ r $1 { r J E r y _ [ QN I QE :

$1=$r/@ =r/@O = 1/@2O

QN IG IE, \ r $1 =1/O

D\ r { r r @2 .

t QE rI KR r y @ , X ] H @2 .

- {y EQE r H f I Q

{y EQE RN ` r{ K r y @ R K Z I{ SN FJ

HII Z I Q.

QN I Z H r r QE rI KR E . J @ QN I r } IR Z I Q { r_ FJN r QN.

D\ r SN @ Z I Q:

D\ r SN @ Z H:

D\ r SN } r r 3 . K ] r 3 .

J Q E{y EQE, _ I rJ IN ] QN MJ J.

t @ E rJ RN, { I rT I} } r y H[ @VE KR } GT HSJ[ r IY QN II.

z$ J&l u$ .; ; Jd /9% M M43 /s/

t y r H[ GT HSJ

105/151


108/153

&} r y RN, GT G]I E KR HSJ (J HSJ 10-12 J G GT). [ \ r IG I G]I, I I] I G]I ES . I] I[ K\ K r { I J y r} IGX.

D _ QN, r @Q I EY { , \ r IE IGJ EY IGX I GT R H ES \ r IE IGJ J EY GT, II

r I { r, r IG G]I 2 Is X H R Is ] QN.

QN M, I H \ r G]I , IQ IGX NJ r, r IG G]I MJ { Z I{.

t y r H[ @VE

]I r y [ H[, Q I H[ R (\ R H[ QN) [ II KR r IG

& H[ IG [ II y r IG . { IGX @ QN \ r IEIGJ H[ R [ r IG , ] QN . R K Z I{,\ r } ES rJ H[, r IG H[ R MJ.

t y r GT HSJ KR H[ @VE [ r IY QN II, { KZ I I] I, X H ] HJI H IE y r y H[ I] I{.

IcU CHhNH TmC q qNG C IfN KHNG nNG Bq

r r y r @] r : = 60/E. (1-H) (K\/E_I)

&h0 %n% /s Jz b$ /%a3 Jw& /Z .s (#&)

N r I H \ r HII r{ I I. IN r IH { I J I I] M @] r, X E I Hr QE KR I H @] r.

tJ I r IN r I H EVE rJ Z I r I Q EIG E} K G KR R [ r y, H Q IR I{y r rI.

106/151


109/153

&h0 %n% /s Jz b$ 4% /%a3 Jw& .s J& (+)

r] I IG{ FJN E IJ KR J I} SN FJ.

J IN r I E IN r Q rJ SN [ Q J I} SN FJ r I

&h0 %n% /s Jz b$ 4% /%a3 Jw& J&l 4+ 0$ + %* ./a/*

{y EQE RN I K r QE.

r QE r{ r IY =(H) H IN r r[ H IG{I IN r, I rr y IN r.

{ r E{y EQE RN R @ s FJQ I r y, E} K rJ

E, Is I KR H Q r y ] HJI

&h0 %n% b$ 4% /%a3 Jw& J&l / /* a Jz$ /* !63 0

Is r IG, \ r G]I r I X I r FJN r y .

{y EQE RN ry , rJ IGy KR @ rJ I{y r G

CC aC TNH CzA qNG C IfN KHNG nNG Bq

t IY r y @] r R Q FJ I r FJN G]I , H H,J HJI , ] FJN , KR \ r HII $1 K ] HJI y J Y IGX IG 2.

d /03f !


110/153

d /03f /s Jz /* = #&(P2)

I Is, ] HJI 2 IGX IG r y Is, ] Is X, I r{ rIY ] I IN H IG{I H Is X, KR I r r y R MJ.

d /03f MM" 0a3 M = #&(P2)

2 Is, J H @] r IZ r IJN H R r{ I. rSN H y Is X X Is y 2

d /03f %&l0 .0/ % = #&(P2)

#J HJI r y :

= 2/(2+)

J 2 Is , r1 KR r2 Is I, J HJI Is I, J HJI Is X r

r = 0.75 f0.9, HJ r[ MJ.

Hl .s $ .0/ *.P = #&(P2)

G r[ 1 R ] HJI IQ (r) r y IXJ I r r H ] HJI y2. 1 R ] HJI E @Q R r y IXJ I r I} G I IG{ QN.

I Is, ] HJI 1 Is KR H r{ Is X r}I r Q IG r H= 0,8

- 0,9.

FJQ I \ r K{I r , I I] I Is, 1 Is; r[ H } MJ.

CQ r{ r IJN r{ I IGX Z K 8.10

108/151


111/153

#Z 8.10

qNG C IfN KHNG nNG Bq MqT PHA

IG{ \ r Z H I E

D\ r MN J I E @] I} G I IG{ FJN.

D H IX \ r, J KR IG H I IG{ IN r, { E{y IIG{ @] r. IG{ RN R I IG{ rE }.

S IY I IG{ rE } IR I IG{ FJN, FJN { J J `I H FJN 1 KR X r I X r I IG{ rE }.

G r[ I IG{ FJN [ J FJN IG` K J FJN G]I, R I IG{ FJN

IJ B+, \ I IG{ [ J FJN { J FJN G]I R I IG{ FJN{ B-

] FJN 1 I IG{ IJ H G [ Q IG H {y KR 2 I IG{{ SN G [ IG H S. ] FJN r y R =1-2

109/151


112/153

r{ r IY ], _ QN 1= 2 HJN G =0 r y r @] I QN r{.

{ J IQ r R r y FJN, r y [ ] KR H IE I FJN.

[ EQE QN, I} r y I ] QN.

t y I E

J I} HII [ SN FJ I E, G]I I{ R H[.

} r y RN, R SN FJ Y, \ [ SN FJ E.

DSN FJ E [ I II @ r R K _ QN ( R r y 1 E @]

I), R K I{ IG (r y 1 E I).

DSN FJ E rI IG Q GT HII, H H G I I I] K I I]

Y I [ 900 IG @] . D\ r SN FJ E KR SN FJ Y HG I IG{ FJN r I} G ] QN.

t \ r IG SN FJ E E K \ r IG SN FJ Y I [

900, E IE K SN FJ E I I r C.

110/151


113/153

M! IfN nNG Bq

M! IfN nNG Bq

iNH NGHA V? CNG DxNG

j' &'"

QN r MN J [ I r FJN G]I r_ I r FJN I IG{HII 1 R QN r r

r MQ E, QN r r [ I r FJN G]I J] @] r @ I IN r.

C>& %y&

C r QN EQI

QN EQI r r R J r Y { r FJ , IG r[ r y HyE R Q IJ y, IJ @Y IJ {. ( Z 9.1.2 )

#Z 9.1.2

Q { r ] HJI , QN EQI r r r{ @V Q r y rXO

Ms, [ I R K ry QN R K H H

C r r y

t y r ] HJI r{ H IG ] E JN @, @ IQ, II }, IGJN r Q QN y, V @Y, FJ}I [ .K.K.

111/151


114/153

t y r ] HJI r{ H IG Q II { r r, I , II E {y IGZ, QN ` r

CYU TO M! IfN nNG Bq

CJ I} QN r r E Y R HII KR G]I .

II R E Iu (\ R E ), G]I R E FJN

(\ R E ).

PHN TNH ( STATO)

II QN r r { HII QN r @] r

&^ IVE

&^ IVE HII Z IG Q Q IVE @ IJI r r{ E GT X IG, VE } KJ I} IR Q GT I { IG. IVE r{ VE KR IG K QN

DSN FJ

DSN FJ HII R SN r r{ Q r (SN r I) r{ rI IGQ GT ^ IVE

PHN QUAY ( RFTO)

] I QN r r ^ IVE, I KR SN FJ @Y I. DSN FJ @YI r{ E J r I J r I} G I IG{ QN.

(Z 9.2.2.)

112/151


115/153

#Z 9.2.2.

# rJ SN FJ @Y I K K\ IG{I rI rJ IG, I] FJ I r K J 1 J.

C[ }: G]I I KR G]I

]I

D` QN [ I r IE, [ J r] . ]I SN FJ @Y I FJ MJFJ IS I

]I

{ ` QN [ I r 3000K/E [ I r] . ]I SN FJ @YI r{ rI IG Q GT.

NGU!N L L?M VIfC CzA M! PHT IfN nNG BqD\ r @Y I (\ r @] r) KR SN FJ @Y I H I} X I IG{ G]I

FJN G]I r y Hy E, I IG{ G]I H I SN FJ E HIIKR H r r MN J Z H [ IG H J : 0=4,441@F .J G]I [ E r] , I H H r r: = E/60

113/151


116/153

DSN FJ E HII [ rI J IG @] I [ 1200 r, X

H r r Q E J [ E 1200

G SN FJ HII MJI I J r E r M

SN FJ HII K I, IG Q SN FJ [ \ r E:A = $M HI

B = $MH(I f 1200)

C = $MH(I f 2400)

D\ r E r{ I} G { QN r @] r H I} X I IG{FJN, K I r R 1 = 60/E ( = 60/E =1), r_ I r FJN G]I.

D r[ QN r RN R QN r r .

PHWN |NG PH[N |NG CzA M! PHT IfN nNG Bq

QN EQI r R K, I I] I G]I 0 I SN FJ HII G

H r r 0 E H K [ I [ 900.

DSN FJ HII K I H I} X \ r $ J E I, \ r $ I} XI IG{ FJN E (HII). Q I IG{ E (HII) X I IG{ I (G]I) R E E .

IJ IG

I] E { (HII) I { IG, R { I IG{ I(G]I) 0 I R E E IG (Z 9.4.)

114/151


117/153

#Z 9.4.

IJ

I] E { { J 0 R E E IG @ I, [ IQ R I IG{ I (Z 9.4.)

#Z 9.4.

IJ J

I] E { ` J 0, R E E IG IG I [ IQ R Is I IG{ I.

115/151


118/153

#Z 9.4.

I @w

S IY I IG{ E IR IR E:

R E IG R { I IG{ I

R E IG @ I IG I I`N I IY I I (Z 9.4.)

#Z 9.4.

E QN EQI r r K E IJ KR \ r I $ (r V) K E IJ KR IY I I ( IJ IG, IJ KR IJ J).

116/151


119/153

PHNG TRNH CN B_NG IfN P V? CC sNG aC TNH CzAM! PHT IfN nNG Bq

PHNG TRENH CN BNG IkN P CA MY PHT IkN tNG By

{y IGZ r QE QN EQI r r

r ==F R r @Q r .

{y IGZ S r QE:

CC |NG cC TNH CA MY PHT IkN tNG Byt IY @] I

0 = 0 = ($@I) @ $I =0, =HI ( =HI)

[: = 4,44.1.@F. = .

t IY @] I R r{ 0 =($@I), R r{ I [ KI J HI I

t IY R QN EQI r r FJ r QE IGX QN EQI KR \ r I $ @ IY I I HI@] r, I H KR \ r @Y I $@I @] r

= ($) @ $@I =HI, = HI (=HI) , HI =HI

t IY R QN EQI E IJ IY I I

t IY rJ QN EQI r r

FJ \ r @Y I K \ r I r QE r QE r ,I H KR IY I I @] r.

$@I = ($) @ =HI, = HI ( =HI), HI =HI

117/151


120/153

qNG C IfN nNG Bq

N$038 5M &l

\ r E $, $, $ KR SN FJ HII, \ r E HII HH G I IG{ FJN K I r 1 = 60/E

\ r I J KR SN FJ G]I, G]I IR I S r

I IG{ HII FJN K I r 1, IQ N H @V G]I FJN K

I r = 1

{ IGZ r QE r y r r :

M M43 Jz$ J&l Ju$ bz

J r y R K, E I} ] QN r FJN G]I r K I IG{FJN HII.

GX Q I I G]I, { I rI Q I , r{ } { H[ r y @] r ( Z 9.6.2)

#Z 9.6.2

118/151


121/153

QN, [ SN FJ QN G]I r y H R K { r y @]r .

G FJQ IGZ QN SN FJ @Y I H r QE GI , [ I EQ SN FJ @Y I, KZ I SN FJ @Y I H r{ @VE } FJ } r [ r IG r K SN FJ @Y I

G]I rT FJN r I r I r r 1, r[ J r I J KRSN FJ @Y I, r y H R K r .

M43 b> Ju$ bz

t y r r R K r @] I KR \ r @Y I rJ FJQ@Y IY r r y EQI G ] HJI E @Q K rY S H ]

HJI { r.

C] HJI E @Q: = (0HF-)/r R 0E IJ $@I

s $@I HJN G Is 0 HJN G >0 r y EQI G ] HJI E @Q KR { r,r y R K FJQ @Y IY.

# H ] HJI { r H&

s $@I HJN G Is HJN G &HJN G H& Is KR { }

119/151


122/153

M! IfN MqT CHIcU

M! IfN MqT CHIcU

CYU TO CzA M! IfN MqT CHIcU

QN r I J HII K I, G]I KR [E K I

PHN TNH (STATO )

II R E ^ IVE IVE r_, K R } I K R K

QN. " K HII R Q I Y [ SN FJ @Y I

PHN QUAY (RFTO)

]I QN r I J R E IVE, SN

FJ E , [E KR I (Z 10.1.2.)

120/151


123/153

#Z 10.1.2.

&^ IVE KR SN FJ

&^ IVE Z IG, R Q Q IVE @ IJI r VE } K J.

CQ Q IVE @ IJI r [ I] [ KR GT r rI SN FJ E .

E I SN FJ E [ J K\ SN, rJ K E [E.CQ E [E rI IGX [E

C [E KR I

C [E Q E [E r r{ VE Q r, [ } Z IG

, r{ rJ IG G]I. CQ rJ SN E I SN FJ G]I K E [E.

C I R I GEI, Q I r{ Iw I X [E \ M

NGU!N L L?M VIfC CzA M! PHT V? qNG C IfN MqT CHIcU

NGUYN L L?M VIkC CA MY PHT IkN MyT CHIgU

MVI QN EQI r I J [ SN FJ E I KR K E [E 1 KR 2 ( Z 10.2.1)

r y Hy E FJN E , Q I SN FJ E I I IG{ I, Q H r r. CJ H r r r{ MQ r FJNI R IN E.

GX I H r r [ J I r .

GX I J H r r I r .

E FJN r{ K\, K IGY I E I KR E [EIN r J. r r IG I r J { J \ r

} R @] r.

C [E KR I r[ K IG\ {J \ r $ G I [ J @] r.

{y IGZ S r QE:

= {f{ ${

121/151


124/153

{ R r IG SN FJ E ; R r QE rJ QN ; { R H r rE .

NGUYN L L?M VIkC CA yNG C IkN MyT CHIgU

r QE I J KR I IE M_ K E [E 1 KR 2, IG

SN FJ E [ \ r (Z 10.2.2 )

# I [ \ r IG I IG{ H J IQ R G]I FJN,J MQ r I FJN I R IN IGQ.

#Z 10.2.2

E FJN r{ K\, K IGY I KR E [E 1 KR 2 r J, r J \ r IG Q I KR J IQ @] r X r y [ J FJN @] r

r y FJN, Q I I I IG{ KR H G H r r {IGSN FJ G]I

{y IGZ r QE r y r I J:

= { + { ${

S|C IfN qNG PH[N |NG, CNG SUYT IfN T} V? MMEN IfN T}

r r E

FJN G]I, Q I SN FJ E I I IG{, IG I H r r : =BI.K

122/151


125/153


126/153

QN r [ I, \ r ${ IG SN FJ E (G]I) H G I IG{ E .Q I IG{ E X I IG{ I R E E . IG{ IG QN R I IG{ I E I IG{ I KR I IG{ E .

#J FJ E E

IG{ IG QN }

t{ IGJ IY Z AB r K IGY R IGJ IY KI o A1B1 K [ I{ KR I J FJN G]I @ R QN EQI r, KR { J FJN G]I @ R r y r.

I , \ r E , I IG{ E , I I] QN MJ, @V I H r r E { , r QE QN EQI .

r r y, I I] R ] FJN , KR I r r y INr

t @ E J FJ IGX, { I ` I E KR SN FJ ` .

IG{ I E KR SN FJ ` { J K I IG{ E IGIIXJ I IG{ E .

NGU!N NHN TIA LA IfN TRN Cp GFP V? BIfN PHP KH^CPHxC

QN r R K, FJQ IGZ r J I{ SN G I r I KR [E.

[ I SN X KR MJ FJ [E, EQ r KR [E,SN I s {, KR R J r Q II r I @Q.

EQI H I r Q JNX S HJ:

a JNX S y @Y

IE M_ [E KR r @] II, [E @] IG\, @] , I @] r r_ FJN Q, GJ r I r @] II \M @] r r Iw HQI r KR [E .

124/151


127/153

a JNX S r I

G]I FJN X IE [ E I JN r I } Q RN H } Q@Q. IG E I r J N H MJI Q H r r HJ:

a r r I &, H IX \ r IG E I r J .a r r , H IX \ r Q E I r

J @Q S .a r r F I IG{ E SN G

a B EQE @ E

t @ E I , R K } IG JNX S y @Y I E IZ Q IGH Q H r r IGX Q ` I E KR SN FJ ` r I} X IGE I r J Q H r r ` ( IGI IXJ) I 3 H r r &, ,F.

M! PHT IfN MqT CHIcU

D KR E{y EQE J E \ r @Y I, { I QN r I J GQ } :

a QN r I J @Y I r E.a QN r I J @Y I H Ha QN r I J @Y I IEa QN r I J @Y I E

MY PHT IkN MyT CHIgU KCH T yC L]P

y r QN EQI r @Y I r E

{ IGZ S r QE

} E : = {f{${

} @Y I : @I = $@I ( @I + r)

125/151


128/153

\ r $ I Is, \ r E ${ Is, r QE MJ JNX S:

a Q I IG{ E R I I] , @V I H rr { .

a t QE Gy {.${ Is.

t{ r IY R =($) @ I r KR \ r @Y I @] r

t{ r IY rJ $@I = ($) , @ r QE KR I r @] r

QN EQI @Y I r E [ {J r K rJ r QE, I{ E IG Q I QN EQI - r y, IGJN r QN Q, QN I @ }, II I r IGXIRJ IN, QN N K.K

MY PHT IkN KCH T SONG SONG

t QN [ I IR E r QE, II E [ I { KR J I IG{ SN FJ@Y I E ` J I {

{y IGZ S r QE

} E : = {f{${

} @Y I : =$@I (@I +r)

{y IGZ \ r: ${ =$+$@I

\ r I Is, \ r E Is, R JNX S R r QE { QN EQI r @Y I r E, QN @Y I H H @ , R \ r @Y I , I I] KR H r r R .

t{ r IY R y H K QN @Y I r E

t{ r IY rJ QN EQI r $@I=($) @ , @] r

MY PHT IkN MyT CHIgU KCH T NrI TIeP

D\ r @Y I R \ r I, r[ @ I IN r, r QE IN r GI J,IG I I @] H QN EQI @Y I IE.

$ I Is, \ r ${ Is, I I] KR { Is, r[ Is,

126/151


129/153

$ = (2-2,5)$r, QN T R, IZ $ Is H .

MY PHT IkN MyT CHIgU KCH T HxN HP

IJ, I I] SN FJ @Y I IE ` J K I I] SNFJ @Y I H H.

I Is, I I] J IE Is R I I] QN Is X, H r r QN Is, r QE rJ QN r{ J { @] r.

tSN R {J r QN EQI r @Y I E.

t{ r IY R = ($)

{ J I IG{ SN FJ @Y I IE { K J I IG{ SN FJ @Y I H H

I Is, r QE GI J. t{ r IY R , X r{ H RQN R I J.

qNG C IfN MqT CHIcU

D KR E{y EQE @Y I, K ES } r y r I J r K QNEQI I J.

r r r y r I J {:

{= E/60 * = @

] r I rI r y:

rI = E/2E ${ = @ ${

M~ MY V? IgU CHmNH TrC y CHO yNG C IkN MyT CHIgU

QN r y r I J

{y IGZ S r QE: ={ + {${ HJN G ${= (- {)/ {

QN, I r =0 HJN G { = @ =0 HJN G ${= / {

Z { GI , \ r E ${ _ QN GI ${=(20n30) $r , R [E, I KR { r { r.

127/151


130/153

t \ r QN, ` Q EQE :

- D` IG QN

IG QN KR } E , \ r QN _ [ IG QN:${=/( {+)

&_ rJ r IG I, IG FJQ IGZ QN, I r Is X, r IG QN r @] (Z 10.7.1 )

- " r QE rI KR E

{y EQE RN r{ H @ [ J r I J [ I rJ r{r QE

#Z 10.7.1

tJ I r

{ = - {${ = @ .HJN G = ( - {${)/ @

128/151


131/153

tJ I r Q E{y EQE:

- r IG rJ KR } E

IX r IG KR } E , I r .

D\ r E , X I ] HJI . {y EQE RN H r y ] HJI .

- N r r QE

D` J r I J rJ r{ r QE J E r r y.

{y EQE RN r{ H J.

- N r I I]

N r I I] Q IN r \ r @Y I.

rJ I r, I @I E E{y EQE IN r I I] K IN r r QEIZ E} K rJ I r GI G.

yNG C IkN MyT CHIgU KCH T SONG SONG

t QN ` IG QN , r rJ I r I{ rJ r .

t{ r IY y = ()

= ( - {${)/ @ (1)

I @Q: rI = @ ${ (2)

(1) KR (2) I [:

= / @ - {/ (@ @2)

X r IG E KR } E IZ I [:

= / @ - ({ +E )/ (@ @2)

129/151


132/153

t{ 1 r IY y I X (E =0), r{ 2 r IY y K E p 0. (Z 10.7.2)

t IY R K

CQ r{ FJ I r , ] , \ r E ${ KR J HJI I] HJI y IGX IG 2

t y r @Y I H H [ r IY y , KR I r J { @] r @] HJI IGX IG 2 IN r, _ r{ ` J IG QN I @ }, QN] .

yNG C MyT CHIgU KCH T NrI TIeP

t rJ I r I [ I rJ I I], IG rJ H HK SN FJ @Y I IE.

t{ r IY y = ()

QN @] T R, \ r E ${ KR I I] I K J:

${ = @$ (1)

[: =@ ${ = @ @$ 2 (2)

= ( - {${)/ @ (3)

(1), (2) KR (3) I [:

{y IGZ r IY y [ } NE]

@] I I , \ r KR I I] , I r r y Is GI , KZI @] EVE r y @Y I IE QN @] I I .

t{ r IY R K

130/151


133/153

yNG C IkN MyT CHIgU KCH T HxN HP

CQ SN FJ @Y I [ I IJ (I IG{ SN FJ ` J) R Is II], { R I I]

t IY y r y @Y I E @ IJ ( r{ 1) H R IGJ Z

r IY y r y @Y I H H (r{ 2) KR IE (r{ 3)

CQ r y R K , SN FJ @Y I IE R SN FJ @Y I Y, \SN FJ @Y I H H R E KR r{ IJ .

DSN FJ @Y I H H r I r r y @] Is FJQ @ ].

t y @Y I E [ SN FJ @Y I IE R @Y I E, KR {, [r IY y GI R r{ 4, u R I r FJN J { @] r @ ]

IN r .

131/151


134/153

T'; &'(g+ K '] (g

TH NGHIfM K THU\T IfN

TH NGHIfM K THU\T IfN

TH NGHIfM 1: MCH IfN HNH SIN MqT PHA

MC CH V? DNG C TH NGHIkM

rY IY

#J r{ H ES \ r, r QE KR H IN r [ E IY I I

IG } r ES Q KR @] ES Q.

D IY

B 1

$ D" #j "#$

} f & f C IE

GZ I I IQ

} r } f & f C IE

132/151


135/153

_ rJ BA K K IGY 0 ( { J @ r ).

- J @ Q KX @ IG } r, r[ J CD J E r BA.

- tJ r QE G BA R J = 60 ( 4 = 60 ).

- N r Q IG r J (rJ IE H H Q I) IN r QIG r ( @ } I J rJ IE Q J ) H } IY ( & > C ).

- &N H J KR 2.

- tJ I C J & r } IY J ( C > & ).

- &N Q H J KR 2.

B 2

D KR @I FJ r r{ K r KVIy @ } IY , } IYJ.

KX E K r KVIy @ } IY

KX E K r KVIy @ } IY J

} f & f C H H

GZ I I IQ

} r } f & f C H H

_ rJ BA K K IGY 0 ( { J @ r ).

133/151


136/153

- J @ Q KX @ IG } r, _ K BA I J

@ r r [ r QE G R 60 (4 = 60).

- t[ J CD J E r BA

- N r I C KR J & H } IY ( $& > $C ).

- &N H J KR 3

- N r I C KR J & H } IY J ( $C > $&).

- &N H J KR 3

B 3

D KR H J r r{ K r KVIy @ } IY , } IY

J. KX E K r KV Iy @ } IY KR r KV Iy @} IY J

TH NGHIfM 2 : MCH IfN HNH SIN BA PHA


rY IY

a &R FJ K } r 3 E I I, I Q E I I @J H

a KR I Q.a HQI FJ \ r KR r QE E KR SN IG } 3 Ea r M.a HQI K IG\ SN IGJ IY IG } 3 E @] r M.a r{ r I KVIy \ r KR r QE } r E

D IY

134/151


137/153

B 4

NyI DUNG TH NGHIkM

} r Z H 3 E E I r M I Q

- Hy r } r E I r M I Q- J @ Q KX @ IG } r, r[ J CD.

- &N H J KR 5.

- D KR H J 5 K r I KVIy

B 5

} r Z H 3 E E I r M H

- Hy r } r E I r M H

- J @ Q KX @ IG } r, r[ J CD.

- &N Q H J KR 6.

- D KR 6 K r I KVIy.

B 6

135/151


138/153

KX K r I KVIy \ QE IG{ E I Q KR IG{ E H

HQI K IG\ SN IGJ IY

DSN IGJ IY [ IQ R S r QE 3 E @ E I Q E @] rM

} 3 E @] [ SN IGJ IY E I @] r M H.

- y r } r 3 E @] [ SN IGJ IY E I @] r M H. B ] I 1, 2, rJ p p (H [ rW 3 E @Q J).

- t H J KR 7.

- D KR H J IG 7 K r I KVIy

B 7

KX E MVI:

} 3 E [ SN IGJ IY E I @] r M Z H

y r } r IG r[ R r IGJ IY J, g R r IGJ IY

I.

- AE VI A0 Q IG $g

- t[ J CD

- t H J, KR 7.

136/151


139/153


140/153


141/153

C] I IY Q I] H }.

iE ] I IGX r IY

B 9

Y [ I

- Hy r } r QN QE r }

- N _ K BA K K IGY 0.

- J @ Q KX @ IG M, r[ J CD J E r BA

- _ K BA I J @ r @ 2 = 220

- " JNX _ K BA

- N r Q IN r H { [ rW (r[ ] I )

- CQ H J r r{ KR 10.

- D KR @I FJ r r{ IY Q I] H \ } G KR 10.

- C] I IY Q I] H [ I :

2 = 2 $2 H

1 = 1 $1 H

= 2/1.100%

B 10

139/151


142/153

@I FJ 10, H KX E r IY R BA, I r[ r{ G MVI K I { BA.

MVI H KX:

KX E K r{ r IY R

TH NGHIfM 4: qNG C KHNG nNG Bq BA PHA


rY IY

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