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Wireless Networking

at Dartmouth College

Paul Arabasz, IDC

Judith Pirani, Sheep Pond Associates

CA! Case Stud" #, $%%$

Case Stud" &rom the

D'CA'S Center &or Applied !esearch


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())$ Walnut Street, Suite $%*

+oulder, Colorado %-%.

www/educause/edu0ecar0


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Wireless Networking

at Dartmouth College


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D'CA'S is a nonpro&it association whose mission is to ad1ance higher

edu2cation b" promoting the intelligent use o& in&ormation technolog"/

3he mission o& the D'CA'S Center &or Applied !esearch is to &oster

better decision making b" conducting and disseminating research and

anal"sis about the role and implications o& in&ormation technolog" in

higher education/ CA! will s"stematicall" address man" o& the

challenges brought more sharpl" into &ocus b" in&ormation technologies/

Cop"right $%%$ D'CA'S/ All rights reser1ed/ 3his CA! !esearch Stud" is

proprietar" and intended &or use onl" b" subscribers and those who ha1e pur2

chased this stud"/ !eproduction, or distribution o& CA! !esearch Studies to

those not &ormall" a&&iliated with the subscribing organization, is strictl" pro2hibited

unless prior written permission is granted b" D'CA'S/ !e4uests &or

permission to reprint or distribute should be sent to ecar5educause/edu/


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Wireless Networking in Higher Education Case Stud" #, $%

Wireless Networkingat Dartmouth College

Preface3he D'CA'S Center &or Applied !e2search 6CA!7

produces research to promote e&&ecti1e decisions

regarding the selection, de1elopment, deplo"ment,

management, socialization, and use o& in&ormation tech2

nolog" 6I37 in higher education/ CA! re2search includes

research bulletins, short summar" anal"ses o& ke" I3

issues8 research studies, in2depth applied research on

com2ple9 and conse4uential technologies and practices8

and case studies designed to e92empli&" important themes,

trends, and e92periences in the management o& I3

in1estments and acti1ities/

CA! has in1estigated the state o& wire2lessnetworking in higher education and has issued

:Wireless Networking in ;igher du2cation/< 3his

research was undertaken in three phases=

an online sur1e" o& -#. D'CA'S members to

establish the state o& wire2less networking in

higher education and to understand its

implementation char2acteristics8

&ollow2up, in2depth telephone and on2site

inter1iews, co1ering .) selected in2stitutions, with

I3 personnel and uni1er2sit" members who are

directl" in1ol1ed with the creation, operation, oruse o& wireless networks8 and

best practices cases studies with si9 hig

education institutions about their wireless netw

implementations/+etween >arch and >a" $%%$, CA!

and IDC began with a list o& appro9imatel" .?% colle

and uni1ersities that had e92perience implemen

wireless networks/ @rom this list, $% were inter1iew

e9ten2si1el" b" telephone, and si9 were selected &or eit

on2site 1isits or e9tensi1e telephone &ollow2up/ n2

1isits are rigorous and in21ol1e nearl" two da"s

inter1iews and meetings with the widest 1ariet" o& inst

tional representati1es associated withBor a&&ected b"B

technologies or practices being in1estigated/

3his case stud" was undertaken to draw on tdirect e9perience o& others to pro21ide insights i

what hasBand, as appro2priate, what hasn

worked in wireless implementations/ It is assum

that readers o& the case studies will also read

main report, which incorporates the &indings o&

case studies within the generalized con2te9t o&

report/

CA! wishes to thank the leadership o& Dartmo

College &or their time, assistance, and diligence

support o& this research/ We hope readers o& this C

case stud" will learn &rom their e9periences/

$%%$ D'CA'S/ !eproduction b" permission onl"/

D'CA'S CN3! @!APPEID!SA!C;1

Wireless Networking in Higher Education

Introduction

Eocated

;ano1er, N

;ampshire,

Dartmouth

College is


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pri1ate &our2"ear college with an enrollment

o& (,$%% under2graduates in the liberal arts

and .,?%% graduate students/ With an annual

budget o& appro9imatel" F($? million 6&or

&iscal "ear $%%%7, Dartmouth emplo"s

appro9imatel" -,..? sta&& and $,$?% &acult"/ A

member o& the I1" Eeague, Dartmouth o&&ers

.* gradu2ate programs in the arts and

sciences, as well as a medical school6Dartmouth >edical School7, a pro&essional

school o& engineer2ing 63ha"er School o&

ngineering7, and a graduate school o&

management 63uck School o& +usiness7/

Dartmouth College is also intimatel"

associated with the Dartmouth ;itchcock

>edical Center, o& which the College and the

>edical School are members/ In terms o&

in&ormation tech2nolog", the two

en1ironments are close peers, sharing

1arious ser1ices, although D;>C maintainsseparate networking/

Consistent with its size, Dartmouth

main2tains a highl" centralized I3

organization, known as Peter Giewit

Computing Ser1ices/ In addition, there

are smaller I3 organiza2tions a&&iliated

with each o& the three pro2&essional

schools/ With a sta&& o& appro9imatel"

.?%, Computing Ser1ices con2sists o&

Academic Computing

Administrati1e Computing Computing Support

3echnical Ser1ices

Academic Computing &ocuses on pro1id2

ing ser1ices to the student and &acult"

popu2lation/ It includes three subgroups/

3he Academic Consulting Ser1ices group

pro21ides general consulting assistance to

&ac2ult" and sta&&/ 3he !esearch

Computing group supports and de1elops

computing applications and in&ormation

resources with a primar" &ocus onsupporting research/ 3he Curricular

Computing group assists the Dartmouth

&acult" in the use o& in&ormation

2

Case Stud" #,$%%$

technolog" &or research and instructi

3he &ocal point o& support &or most

stitutional administrati1e s"stems, Admi

trati1e Computing pro1ides s"stems neeanal"sis, design, de1elopment or procu

ment, operations, and maintenance8 d

administration8 in&ormation s"stems a

capacit" planning8 s"stem securit"8 a

con2sulting on s"stem use/ 3his di1is

&orms close partnerships with institutio

e&&orts to impro1e the e&&ecti1eness a

e&&icien2cies o& local or campus2w

administrati1e processes/

Computing Support includes Compu

Sales, Ser1ice, and Support aCommuni2cations and 3elephone Ser1ic

3echnical Ser1ices de1elops a

supports Dartmouths techn

in&rastructure &or data networking a

computing/ 3he 3echnical Ser1ices di1is

supports the schools thernet backb

and ser1ers, connection o& the backbone

the Internet, and net2work applications/

3he core o& Dartmouths computing

&rastructure is an thernet backbone e

plo"ing Nortel routers that links all .*. o& schools buildings/ Dartmouth supp

appro9imatel" $% public computing clus

across the campus, the largest o& which

located in the Giewit Computation Center

the +aker2+err" Eibrar"/ 3he school a

pro1ides e9tensi1e computing &acilities

&acult", graduate students, and researche

including se1eral multiprocessor 'ni9

Einu9 ser1ers &or computational, statisti

and 1isualization applications/

Drivers of DartmouthsWireless Deployment

Dartmouths wireless initiati1e be

earl" in the &all o& $%%% with a series o& sm

department2le1el pilot programs in the

gineering and Computer Science dep

ments as well as parts o& the student un

and librar"/ While Computing Ser1ices h

some in1ol1ement in the wireless initiati1e



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it was b" and large a decentralized e&&ort,

enabled b" the departments willingness

to take ownership in the earl" stages/

3his meant not onl" installation,

maintenance, and management o& the $%

to -% access points 6APs7 that were

initiall" deplo"ed, but also pro1iding earl"

&unding &rom depart2ment budgets/

Since Dartmouths wireless initiati1estarted out as a :bottom up< deplo"ment,

man" &actors are cited as dri1ers/ ;owe1er,

the one basic dri1er common to all was the

increasing rate o& laptop computer owner2

ship in both the student and &acult" popu2

lations/ @or instance, &rom .### to $%%.,

the laptop share o& computers purchased

b" students through the campus computer

store rose &rom $) percent to (? percent to

)% percent/ 6At present, appro9imatel" (%

percent o& undergraduate students own alaptop/7 Coupled with the &act that all

laptops sold in $%%. were &actor"2e4uipped

with wireless cards, a consensus began to

emerge that wireless computing was

becom2ing a 1iable option on campus/

Within Dartmouths 3ha"er School o&

ngineering, the deplo"ment o& wireless was

seen as a low2cost means o& e9panding com2

puting resources &or its (%% undergraduate

and .?% graduate students/ As enrollment in

the school grew, the School o& ngineer2ingcould not accommodateB&or reasons related

to both cost and ph"sical spaceB the

demand &or more workstations/ 3he logic o&

pro1iding wireless access in ngi2neering was

&urther buttressed b" the &act that students in

technical disciplines are more likel" to use

laptops and thus would be well positioned to

take ad1antage o& it/

Dartmouths pilot deplo"ments were

Hudged a clear success b" 1irtue o& their popu2

larit" with students and &acult"/ Determined tobuild on this success, sta&& &rom Computuing

Ser1ices began discussions with the Deput"

Pro1ost &or Academic A&&airs about making

wireless ubi4uitous across the

Case Stud" #, $%

campus/ According to Earr" Ee1ine, Direc2tor

o& Computing, the core 1alue proposi2tion &or

wireless was its abilit" to enable networking

&or e1er"bod", e1er"where/ :We made the

case that wireless would produce abundantbene&its to the o1erall academic process,athEab/ Eikewise, at the

3uck School o& +usiness, students use wire2

less to access e2mail, the Web, and a com2

prehensi1e arra" o& intranet ser1ices/

Wireless Security ProfileAt present, Dartmouths wireless network

securit" is token at best/ 3o access the wire2

less network, a user needs to enter a nonK

user2speci&ic ser1ice set identi&ier 6SSID7/

Case Stud" #, $%

Ee1ine sees the present weak securit"

regime as a temporar"B"et necessar"B

&act o& li&e in what is now the :earl" phaseAC Lmedia access controlM

address, mostl" because the >AC address

can change &re4uentl",< e9plained Ee1ine/

:'l2timatel" were mo1ing toward using our

EDAP Llightweight director" access

protocolM name director" &or sign on, but a

cross21en2dor standard does not e9ist &or

that right now/< Ee1ine does not see

unauthorized access as a problem right

now, although Dartmouth will nonetheless

mo1e swi&tl" toward re4uired login andother securit" measures/

Dartmouth does not plan to deplo" a

campus2wide 1irtual pri1ate network 6PN7

because o& the di&&iculties and comple9i2ties

o& pro1iding client so&tware &or all cli2ents/ In

the area o& encr"ption, wired e4ui1alent

pri1ac" 6WP7 is enabled and optional on

the wireless network/ Dartmouth chose to

make it a1ailable be2cause it was supported

b" the access points, "et chose to make it

optional because it was not supported b" allwireless cards/

Wireless "sagePatterns

At present, wireless use on campus &alls

under two broadl" de&ined categories= gen2

eral2purpose access 6the 1ast maHorit"7 and

targeted, customized wireless applications/

+ased on incidence o& use, the most com2

mon usage o& wireless is &or student2to2stu2

dent and student2to2pro&essor e2mail,

principall" through Dartmouths +litz>ail

messaging plat&orm 6discussed below7/

3his is &ollowed closel" b" Web browsing,

includ2ing the use o& the Web to conduct

librar"2based research/ Some other general

obser1ations about wireless usage on the

Dartmouth campus, drawn &rom a >arch

$%%$ stud", &ollow=

D'CA'S CN3! @!APPEID!SA!C;#


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!oaming is limited, with most users

lim2iting their acti1ities to a &ew ke"

sites in their dail" routine/

1erall, residential acti1it" dominates,

with most usage coming &romresidence hall rooms, e1en though all

residence halls are also wired/

!esidential and social2space use is

hea1ier in the e1ening hours,

academic and ad2ministrati1e usage

is highest during the da", and librar"2

based use is spread more e1enl"/

>ost sessions are short 6with a

median o& .* minutes7, probabl"

re&lecting stu2dents checking e2mail at

periodic inter21als/ +uildings with large lecture halls and

the +aker2+err" Eibrar" ha1e the most

con2centrated acti1it", impl"ing the need

to

con&igure APs accordingl"/

3he ne9t two sections pro&ile two o&

the more prominent department2speci&ic

wire2less applications deplo"ed at

Dartmouth, one &ostering engagement

and the other, collaboration/

Case Stud" #,$%%$

lecture en1ironments, students are 1er"

ten not acti1el" engaged, since taking no

amounts to passi1el" recei1ing and stor

in&ormation,< said Jernstedt/ :3his approapro1ides students with trul" interacti1e

perience, thus increasing the o1erall 4ua

o& the time spent in the classroom/

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