1 Pendahuluan Me ka ni ka Fl uida- TF 220 4 CFD EFD AFD 2 0 1 Re i j D p u u Dt∇• = = −∇ + ∇ + ∇ • U U U Dr. S uprij anto ST MT email : [email protected]Analytic Experiment Computational 2 THE DOs AND THE DON’Ts • THE DO-s • Ke rj ak anla h pe ke rj aan ruma h seba ik -b ai kn ya karena sumbangannya terhadap nilai akhir cukup besar. • Pekerjaan rumah dapa t dikerjak an bersama- sama namun jangan hanya sekedar menyalin pekerjaan kawan; pahami lah sol usi seti ap pekerj aan rumah karena dengan itu sek urang- kur ang nya Anda tel ah bel ajar memahami per kul iahan ini. • Peraturan umum mengenai kehadi ran di kelas waji b dipatuhi.
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• THE DO-s• Kerjakanlah pekerjaan rumah sebaik-baiknya karena
sumbangannya terhadap nilai akhir cukup besar.
• Pekerjaan rumah dapat dikerjakan bersama-sama namun jangan hanya sekedar menyalin pekerjaan kawan;pahamilah solusi setiap pekerjaan rumah karena denganitu sekurang-kurangnya Anda telah belajar memahamiperkuliahan ini.
• Peraturan umum mengenai kehadiran di kelas wajib
• THE DON’T-s• menggunakan telepon genggam (HP) di dalamkelas; pelanggaran terhadap hal ini dikenakandenda : Rp 100.000,- dan dana terkumpul akanmenjadi milik seluruh peserta kelas.
• menggunakan sandal selama mengikutiperkuliahan ini.
Asumsi: Fully developed, LowÆPendekatan: Penyederhanaan persmomentum, integrasi, penerapan syaratbatas untuk menentukan konstanta integrasidan menggunakan pers energi untuk menghitung head loss
Definition:Use of experimental methodology and procedures for solving fluidsengineering systems, including full and model scales, large and tabletop facilities, measurement systems (instrumentation, data acquisitionand data reduction), uncertainty analysis, and dimensional analysis andsimilarity.
EFD philosophy:
• Decisions on conducting experiments are governed by the ability of theexpected test outcome, to achieve the test objectives within allowableuncertainties.
• Integration of UA into all test phases should be a key part of entireexperimental program
• test design
• determination of error sources
• estimation of uncertainty• documentation of the results
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Purpose
• Science & Technology: understand and investigate aphenomenon/process, substantiate and validate a theory(hypothesis)
• Research & Development: document a process/system,provide benchmark data (standard procedures,validations), calibrate instruments, equipment, andfacilities
• Industry: design optimization and analysis, provide datafor direct use, product liability, and acceptance
• CFD is use of computational methods forsolving fluid engineering systems, includingmodeling (mathematical & Physics) andnumerical methods (solvers, finite differences,and grid generations, etc.).
• Rapid growth in CFD technology since adventof computer
ENIAC 1, 1946 IBM WorkStation
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Purpose• The objective of CFD is to model the continuous fluids
with Partial Differential Equations (PDEs) anddiscretize PDEs into an algebra problem, solve it,validate it and achieve simulation based designinstead of “build & test”
• Simulation of physical fluid phenomena that aredifficult to be measured by experiments: scalesimulations (full-scale ships, airplanes), hazards
• Coordinates: Cartesian, cylindrical and spherical coordinatesresult in different form of governing equations
• Initial conditions(initial guess of the solution) and BoundaryConditions (no-slip wall, free-surface, zero-gradient,symmetry, velocity/pressure inlet/outlet)
• Flow conditions: Geometry approximation, domain, ReynoldsNumber, and Mach Number, etc.
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Modeling (examples)
Free surface animation for ship inregular waves
Developing flame surface (Bell et al., 2001)
Evolution of a 2D mixing layer laden with particles of Stokes
Number 0.3 with respect to the vortex time scale (C.Narayanan)