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Bacula® is a registered trademark of Kern Sibbald
The Leading Open SourceBackup Solution
Bacula Main Reference
Kern Sibbald
September 23, 2020This manual documents Bacula version 9.6.6 (20
September 2020)
Copyright © 2000-2018, Kern SibbaldBacula is a registered
trademark of Kern Sibbald.
This Bacula documentation by Kern Sibbald with contributions
from manyothers,
a complete list can be found in the License chapter. Creative
Commons
Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International
Licensehttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
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Contents
1 What is Bacula? 11.1 Who Needs Bacula? . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.2
Bacula Components or Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.3 Bacula Configuration . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . 31.4 Conventions Used in this Document . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41.5 Quick Start . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . 41.6 Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41.7 What
Bacula is Not . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71.8 Interactions Between the Bacula
Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7
2 New Features in 9.6.0 92.0.1 Building 9.6.4 and later . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
92.0.2 Docker Plugin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92.0.3 Real-Time Statistics
Monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . 9
3 New Features in 9.4.0 133.0.1 New Commands, Resource, and
Directives for Cloud . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153.0.2
WORM Tape Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . 19
4 New Features in 9.2.0 214.0.1 Enhanced Autochanger Support . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214.0.2 New
Prune Command Option . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . 224.0.3 BConsole Features . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224.0.4 Tray
Monitor Restore Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . 23
5 New Features in 9.0.0 255.0.1 Enhanced Autochanger Support . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255.0.2
Source Code for Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . 265.0.3 Maximum Virtual Full Interval
Option . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
265.0.4 Progressive Virtual Full . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265.0.5 TapeAlert Enhancements
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
275.0.6 New Console ACL Directives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305.0.7 New Bconsole “list” Command
Behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
305.0.8 New Console ACL Directives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305.0.9 Client Initiated Backup . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
315.0.10 Configuring Client Initiated Backup . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325.0.11 New Tray Monitor . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
335.0.12 Schedule Jobs via the Tray Monitor . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345.0.13 Accurate Option for Verify
“Volume Data” Job . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
375.0.14 FileDaemon Saved Messages Resource Destination . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 375.0.15 Minor Enhancements . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
375.0.16 Bconsole “list jobs” command options . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 385.0.17 Minor Enhancements . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
385.0.18 Bconsole “list jobs” command options . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 385.0.19 New Bconsole ”Tee All”
Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
385.0.20 New Job Edit Codes %I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 395.0.21 Communication Line
Compression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 405.0.22 Deduplication Optimized Volumes . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 405.0.23 baculabackupreport . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
40
i
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ii CONTENTS
5.0.24 New Message Identification Format . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
6 New Features in 7.4.0 436.1 New Features in 7.4.3 . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
43
6.1.1 RunScripts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 436.2 New Features in 7.4.0 . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . 43
6.2.1 Verify Volume Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 436.2.2 Bconsole “list jobs”
command options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 456.2.3 Minor Enhancements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 456.2.4 Windows Encrypted File
System (EFS) Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
456.2.5 SSL Connections to MySQL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 456.2.6 Max Virtual Full Interval .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
456.2.7 New List Volumes Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
7 New Features in 7.2.0 477.1 New Features in 7.2.0 . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
47
7.1.1 New Job Edit Codes %E %R . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 477.1.2 Enable/Disable commands . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
7.2 Bacula 7.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 477.2.1 Snapshot
Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . 477.2.2 Minor Enhancements . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 517.2.3 Data
Encryption Cipher Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . 517.2.4 Read Only Storage Devices . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 527.2.5 New
Resume Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . 537.2.6 New Prune “Expired” Volume Command . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 537.2.7 New Job Edit
Codes %P %C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . 537.2.8 Enhanced Status and Error Messages . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 537.2.9 Miscellaneous New
Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . 537.2.10 FD Storage Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 547.2.11 Maximum
Concurrent Read Jobs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . 547.2.12 Incomplete Jobs . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 547.2.13 The Stop
Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . 547.2.14 The Restart Command . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 557.2.15 Job
Bandwidth Limitation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . 557.2.16 Always Backup a File . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 567.2.17
Setting Accurate Mode at Runtime . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . 567.2.18 Additions to RunScript variables .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 577.2.19
LZO Compression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . 577.2.20 Purge Migration Job . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
577.2.21 Changes in the Pruning Algorithm . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 587.2.22 Ability to Verify any
specified Job . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . 58
8 New Features in 7.0.0 598.1 New Features in 7.0.0 . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
59
8.1.1 Storage daemon to Storage daemon . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 598.1.2 SD Calls Client . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
598.1.3 Next Pool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 608.1.4 status storage . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . 608.1.5 status schedule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 608.1.6 Data Encryption
Cipher Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . 618.1.7 New Truncate Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 618.1.8
Migration/Copy/VirtualFull Performance Enhancements . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . 618.1.9 VirtualFull Backup Consolidation
Enhancements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 628.1.10 FD
Storage Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . 628.1.11 Job Bandwidth Limitation . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 638.1.12
Maximum Concurrent Read Jobs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . 648.1.13 Director job Codes in Message
Resource Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 648.1.14
Additions to RunScript variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . 648.1.15 Read Only Storage Devices . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
658.1.16 New Prune “Expired” Volume Command . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
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CONTENTS iii
8.1.17 Hardlink Performance Enhancements . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
8.1.18 DisableCommand Directive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
8.1.19 Multiple Console Directors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
8.1.20 Restricted Consoles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
8.1.21 Configuration Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
8.1.22 Maximum Spawned Jobs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
8.1.23 Progress Meter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
8.1.24 Scheduling a 6th Week . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
8.1.25 Scheduling the Last Day of a Month . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
8.1.26 Improvements to Cancel and Restart bconsole Commands . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
8.1.27 bconsole Performance Improvements . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
8.1.28 New .bvfs decode lstat Command . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
9 New Features in 5.2.13 69
9.0.1 Additions to RunScript variables . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
9.1 New Features in 5.2.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
9.1.1 LZO Compression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
9.1.2 New Tray Monitor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
9.1.3 Purge Migration Job . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
9.1.4 Changes in Bvfs (Bacula Virtual FileSystem) . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
9.1.5 Changes in the Pruning Algorithm . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
9.1.6 Ability to Verify any specified Job . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
9.1.7 Additions to RunScript variables . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
9.1.8 Additions to the Plugin API . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
9.1.9 ACL enhancements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
9.1.10 XATTR enhancements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
9.1.11 Class Based Database Backend Drivers . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
9.1.12 Hash List Enhancements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
9.2 Release Version 5.0.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
9.3 Release Version 5.0.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
9.4 New Features in 5.0.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
9.4.1 Truncate Volume after Purge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
9.4.2 Allow Higher Duplicates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
9.4.3 Cancel Lower Level Duplicates . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
9.5 New Features in 5.0.0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
9.5.1 Maximum Concurrent Jobs for Devices . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
9.5.2 Restore from Multiple Storage Daemons . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
9.5.3 File Deduplication using Base Jobs . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
9.5.4 AllowCompression = . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . 819.5.5 Accurate Fileset Options . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
9.5.6 Tab-completion for Bconsole . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
9.5.7 Pool File and Job Retention . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
9.5.8 Read-only File Daemon using capabilities . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
9.5.9 Bvfs API . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
9.5.10 Testing your Tape Drive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
9.5.11 New Block Checksum Device Directive . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
9.5.12 New Bat Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
9.5.13 Bat on Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
9.5.14 New Win32 Installer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
9.5.15 Win64 Installer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
9.5.16 Linux Bare Metal Recovery USB Key . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
9.5.17 bconsole Timeout Option . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
9.5.18 Important Changes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
9.5.19 Misc Changes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
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iv CONTENTS
10 Released Version 3.0.3 and 3.0.3a 8910.1 New Features in
Released Version 3.0.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . 89
10.1.1 Full Restore from a Given JobId . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8910.1.2 Source Address . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 8910.1.3 Show volume availability when doing restore . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9010.1.4 Accurate estimate
command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . 90
10.2 New Features in 3.0.0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9010.2.1 Accurate Backup
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . 9110.2.2 Copy Jobs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9110.2.3 ACL
Updates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . 9310.2.4 Extended Attributes . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9410.2.5
Shared objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9510.2.6 Building Static versions of
Bacula . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9510.2.7 Virtual Backup (Vbackup) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9610.2.8 Catalog Format . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9710.2.9 64 bit Windows Client . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9710.2.10 Duplicate Job Control
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . 9810.2.11 TLS Authentication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9910.2.12 bextract
non-portable Win32 data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . 9910.2.13 State File updated at Job Termination . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9910.2.14
MaxFullInterval = . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . 9910.2.15 MaxDiffInterval = . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . 9910.2.16 Honor No Dump Flag = . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9910.2.17 Exclude
Dir Containing = . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10010.2.18 Bacula Plugins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10010.2.19 The bpipe Plugin .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . 10110.2.20 Microsoft Exchange Server 2003/2007 Plugin . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10210.2.21 libdbi Framework
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . 10410.2.22 Console Command Additions and Enhancements . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10510.2.23 Bare Metal
Recovery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . 10610.2.24 Miscellaneous . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
11 The Current State of Bacula 11311.1 What is Implemented . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . 11311.2 Advantages Over Other Backup Programs . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11511.3 Current
Implementation Restrictions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . 11611.4 Design Limitations or Restrictions
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11611.5 Items to Note . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
12 System Requirements 117
13 Supported Operating Systems 119
14 Supported Tape Drives 12114.1 Unsupported Tape Drives . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12214.2 FreeBSD Users Be Aware!!! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12214.3 Supported
Autochangers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . 12314.4 Tape Specifications . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
123
15 Getting Started with Bacula 12515.1 Understanding Jobs and
Schedules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . 12515.2 Understanding Pools, Volumes and Labels . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12515.3 Setting Up
Bacula Configuration Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . 126
15.3.1 Configuring the Console Program . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12615.3.2 Configuring the Monitor
Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12615.3.3 Configuring the File daemon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12715.3.4 Configuring the
Director . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . 12715.3.5 Configuring the Storage daemon . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
15.4 Testing your Configuration Files . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12815.5 Testing
Compatibility with Your Tape Drive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . 12815.6 Get Rid of the /lib/tls Directory .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
129
-
CONTENTS v
15.7 Running Bacula . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12915.8 Log Rotation .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . 12915.9 Log Watch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12915.10Disaster Recovery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
16 Installing Bacula 13116.1 Binary Release Packages . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
13116.2 Building Bacula from Source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13116.3 Source Release
Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . 13116.4 Upgrading Bacula . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
13216.5 Releases Numbering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13316.6 Dependency
Packages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . 13416.7 Supported Operating Systems . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
13516.8 Building Bacula from Source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13616.9 What Database to
Use? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . 13816.10Quick Start . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
13816.11Configure Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13916.12Recommended
Options for Most Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . 14416.13Red Hat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
14416.14Solaris . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14516.15FreeBSD . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . 14616.16Win32 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
14616.17One File Configure Script . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14616.18Installing Bacula
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . 14616.19Building a File Daemon or Client . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
14616.20Auto Starting the Daemons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14716.21Other Make Notes .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . 14716.22Modifying the Bacula Configuration Files . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148
17 Critical Items to Implement Before Production 14917.1
Critical Items . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14917.2 Recommended Items . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . 150
18 A Brief Tutorial 15118.1 Before Running Bacula . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15118.2 Starting the Database . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15218.3 Starting the
Daemons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . 15218.4 Using the Director to Query and Start
Jobs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15218.5 Running a Job . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15318.6 Restoring Your
Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . 15718.7 Quitting the Console Program . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15818.8 Adding a Second Client . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15918.9 When The Tape
Fills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . 16018.10Other Useful Console Commands . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16118.11Debug Daemon Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16218.12Patience When
Starting Daemons or Mounting Blank Tapes . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . 16218.13Difficulties Connecting from the FD to the SD .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16218.14Daemon
Command Line Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . 16318.15Creating a Pool . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16318.16Labeling Your Volumes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16418.17Labeling Volumes
with the Console Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . 164
19 Customizing the Configuration Files 16719.1 Character Sets .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . 16819.2 Resource Directive Format . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168
19.2.1 Comments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16819.2.2 Upper and Lower
Case and Spaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . 16819.2.3 Including other Configuration Files . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16919.2.4 Recognized
Primitive Data Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . 169
19.3 Resource Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17019.4 Names,
Passwords and Authorization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . 171
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vi CONTENTS
19.5 Detailed Information for each Daemon . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
20 Configuring the Director 17320.1 Director Resource Types . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . 17320.2 The Director Resource . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17420.3 The Job
Resource . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . 17720.4 The JobDefs Resource . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
19520.5 The Schedule Resource . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19520.6 Technical Notes
on Schedules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . 19820.7 The FileSet Resource . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
19820.8 FileSet Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21120.9 Backing up Raw
Partitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . 21420.10Excluding Files and Directories . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
21520.11Windows FileSets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21520.12Testing Your
FileSet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . 21720.13The Client Resource . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
21720.14The Storage Resource . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22020.15The Autochanger
Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . 22320.16The Pool Resource . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224
20.16.1 The Scratch Pool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23120.17The Catalog Resource
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . 23120.18The Messages Resource . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23220.19The
Console Resource . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23220.20The Counter Resource . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . 23420.21Example Director Configuration File . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234
21 Client/File daemon Configuration 23721.1 The Client Resource
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . 23721.2 The Director Resource . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23921.3 The
Message Resource . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24021.4 Example Client Configuration
File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . 240
22 Storage Daemon Configuration 24322.1 Storage Resource . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . 24322.2 Director Resource . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24522.3
Device Resource . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24522.4 Edit Codes for Mount and
Unmount Directives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . 25322.5 Devices that require a mount (USB) . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25322.6 Capabilities .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . 25422.7 Messages Resource . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25422.8 Sample Storage Daemon Configuration File . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255
23 Messages Resource 257
24 Console Configuration 26124.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . 26124.2 The Director Resource . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26124.3 The
ConsoleFont Resource . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26124.4 The Console Resource . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . 26224.5 Console Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26424.6 Sample
Console Configuration File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . 264
25 Monitor Configuration 26525.1 The Monitor Resource . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 26525.2 The Director Resource . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26525.3 The Client
Resource . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . 26625.4 The Storage Resource . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
26625.5 Tray Monitor Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26725.6 Sample Tray
Monitor configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . 267
25.6.1 Sample File daemon’s Director record. . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26725.6.2 Sample Storage daemon’s
Director record. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
267
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CONTENTS vii
25.6.3 Sample Director’s Console record. . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268
26 The Restore Command 26926.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 26926.2 The Restore Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269
26.2.1 Restore a pruned job using a pattern . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27326.3 Selecting Files by
Filename . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . 27426.4 Replace Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27526.5
Command Line Arguments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27526.6 Using File Relocation . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . 276
26.6.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27626.6.2 RegexWhere Format .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . 277
26.7 Restoring Directory Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27726.8 Restoring on
Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . 27826.9 Restoring Files Can Be Slow . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
27826.10Problems Restoring Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27926.11Restore Errors .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . 27926.12Example Restore Job Resource . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
28026.13File Selection Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28026.14Restoring When
Things Go Wrong . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . 281
27 Automatic Volume Recycling 28727.1 Automatic Pruning . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . 28827.2 Pruning Directives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28827.3
Recycling Algorithm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29027.4 Recycle Status . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . 29127.5 Making Bacula Use a Single Tape . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29227.6 Daily,
Weekly, Monthly Tape Usage Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . 29227.7 Automatic Pruning and Recycling
Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
29427.8 Manually Recycling Volumes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295
28 Basic Volume Management 29728.1 Key Concepts and Resource
Records . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . 297
28.1.1 Pool Options to Limit the Volume Usage . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29828.1.2 Automatic Volume Labeling
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
29828.1.3 Restricting the Number of Volumes and Recycling . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299
28.2 Concurrent Disk Jobs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30028.3 An Example . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . 30028.4 Backing up to Multiple Disks . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30328.5
Considerations for Multiple Clients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304
29 Automated Disk Backup 30729.1 The Problem . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 30729.2 The Solution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30729.3 Overall
Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307
29.3.1 Full Pool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30829.3.2 Differential Pool .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . 30829.3.3 Incremental Pool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309
29.4 The Actual Conf Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309
30 Migration and Copy 31330.0.1 Storage daemon to Storage daemon
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314
30.1 Migration and Copy Job Resource Directives . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31430.2 Migration Pool
Resource Directives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . 31630.3 Important Migration Considerations . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31730.4
Example Migration Jobs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31830.5 Virtual Backup
Consolidation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . 319
30.5.1 Manually Specify Jobs to Consolidate . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321
31 File Deduplication using Base Jobs 323
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viii CONTENTS
32 Backup Strategies 32532.1 Simple One Tape Backup . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
325
32.1.1 Advantages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32532.1.2 Disadvantages . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . 32532.1.3 Practical Details . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325
32.2 Manually Changing Tapes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32532.3 Daily Tape Rotation
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . 326
32.3.1 Advantages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32632.3.2 Disadvantages . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . 32632.3.3 Practical Details . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327
33 Autochanger Support 33133.1 Knowing What SCSI Devices You
Have . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
33233.2 Example Scripts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33233.3 Slots . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . 33333.4 Multiple Devices . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
33333.5 Device Configuration Records . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333
34 Autochanger Resource 33534.1 An Example Configuration File .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
33634.2 A Multi-drive Example Configuration File . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33734.3 Specifying Slots
When Labeling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . 33734.4 Changing Cartridges . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33834.5
Dealing with Multiple Magazines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33834.6 Simulating Barcodes in your
Autochanger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 33934.7 The Full Form of the Update Slots Command . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33934.8 FreeBSD Issues . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . 33934.9 Testing Autochanger and Adapting mtx-changer
script . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34034.10Using
the Autochanger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34134.11Barcode Support . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 34234.12Use bconsole to display Autochanger content . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34234.13Bacula Autochanger
Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . 343
35 Supported Autochangers 345
36 Data Spooling 34936.1 Data Spooling Directives . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
34936.2 !!! MAJOR WARNING !!! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35036.3 Other Points . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . 350
37 ANSI and IBM Tape Labels 35137.1 Director Pool Directive . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . 35137.2 Storage Daemon Device Directives . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 351
38 The Windows Version of Bacula 35338.1 Windows Installation .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . 35338.2 Post Windows Installation . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35738.3
Uninstalling Bacula on Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35738.4 Dealing with Windows
Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . 35738.5 Windows Compatibility Considerations . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35938.6 Volume
Shadow Copy Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . 36038.7 VSS Problems . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
36138.8 Windows Firewalls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36138.9 Windows Port
Usage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . 36238.10Windows Disaster Recovery . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
36238.11Windows Restore Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36238.12Windows Ownership
and Permissions Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . 36338.13Manually resetting the Permissions . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36338.14Backing
Up the Windows System State . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . 36538.15Fixing the Windows Boot Record . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
36638.16Considerations for Filename Specifications . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 366
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CONTENTS ix
38.17Windows Specific File daemon Command Line . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36638.18Shutting down Windows
Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . 367
39 Disaster Recovery Using Bacula 36939.1 General . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . 36939.2 Important Considerations . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36939.3
Steps to Take Before Disaster Strikes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36939.4 Bare Metal Recovery on
Linux with a Rescue CD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . 37039.5 Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37039.6 Restoring
a Client System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . 37039.7 Boot with your Rescue CDROM . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37139.8
Restoring a Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37239.9 Linux Problems or Bugs
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . 37339.10Bare Metal Recovery using a LiveCD . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37339.11FreeBSD
Bare Metal Recovery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . 37439.12Solaris Bare Metal Recovery . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
37539.13Preparing Solaris Before a Disaster . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37539.14Bugs and Other
Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . 37639.15Disaster Recovery of Win32 Systems . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
37639.16Ownership and Permissions on Win32 Systems . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37739.17Alternate Disaster
Recovery Suggestion for Win32 Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . 37739.18Restoring to a Running System . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37739.19Additional
Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . 378
40 Bacula TLS – Communications Encryption 37940.1 TLS
Configuration Directives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37940.2 Creating a Self-signed
Certificate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . 38040.3 Getting a CA Signed Certificate . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38140.4 Example
TLS Configuration Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . 381
41 Data Encryption 38341.1 Building Bacula with Encryption
Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
38341.2 Encryption Technical Details . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38441.3 Decrypting with a
Master Key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . 38441.4 Generating Private/Public Encryption Keys . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38441.5 Example
Data Encryption Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . 385
42 Using Bacula to Improve Computer Security 38742.1 The Details
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . 38742.2 Running the Verify . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
38842.3 What To Do When Differences Are Found . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38942.4 A Verify Configuration
Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . 390
43 Installing and Configuring MySQL 39343.1 Installing and
Configuring MySQL – Phase I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . 39343.2 Installing and Configuring MySQL – Phase II .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39443.3
Re-initializing the Catalog Database . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39543.4 Linking Bacula with MySQL
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . 39543.5 Installing MySQL from RPMs . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39643.6 Upgrading MySQL
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . 39643.7 MySQL Configuration Caution . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 396
44 Installing and Configuring PostgreSQL 39744.1 Installing
PostgreSQL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . 39744.2 Configuring PostgreSQL . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39844.3 Re-initializing the Catalog Database . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40044.4 Installing
PostgreSQL from RPMs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . 40044.5 Converting from MySQL to PostgreSQL . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40144.6
Upgrading PostgreSQL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40144.7 Tuning PostgreSQL . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . 40144.8 Credits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 401
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x CONTENTS
45 Catalog Maintenance 40345.1 Setting Retention Periods . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
40345.2 Compacting Your MySQL Database . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40445.3 Repairing Your MySQL
Database . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . 40445.4 MySQL Table is Full . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40545.5 MySQL
Server Has Gone Away . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . 40545.6 MySQL Temporary Tables . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
40645.7 Repairing Your PostgreSQL Database . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40645.8 Database Performance
Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . 40645.9 Performance Issues Indexes . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 406
45.9.1 PostgreSQL Indexes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40745.9.2 MySQL Indexes . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 407
45.10Compacting Your PostgreSQL Database . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40745.11Migrating from SQLite
to MySQL or PostgreSQL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . 40845.12Backing Up Your Bacula Database . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40845.13Security
considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40945.14Backing Up Third Party
Databases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . 40945.15Database Size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 409
46 Bacula Security Issues 41146.1 Backward Compatibility . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 41246.2 Configuring and Testing TCP Wrappers . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41246.3 Running as non-root
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . 413
47 The Bootstrap File 41547.1 Bootstrap File Format . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
41547.2 Automatic Generation of Bootstrap Files . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41847.3 Bootstrap for bscan .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . 41847.4 A Final Bootstrap Example . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 418
48 Bacula Copyright, Trademark, and Licenses 42148.1 CC-BY-SA .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . 42148.2 GPL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
42148.3 LGPL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42148.4 Public Domain .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . 42148.5 Trademark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42148.6
Fiduciary License Agreement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42248.7 Disclaimer . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . 42248.8 Authors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42248.9 Table
of Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43548.10GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC
LICENSE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
43548.11Preamble . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43548.12TERMS AND
CONDITIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . 43648.13How to Apply These Terms to Your New
Libraries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 440
49 Thanks 44349.1 Bacula Bugs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 445
-
Chapter 1
What is Bacula?
Bacula is a set of computer programs that permits the system
administrator to manage backup, recovery,and verification of
computer data across a network of computers of different kinds.
Bacula can also runentirely upon a single computer and can backup
to various types of media, including tape and disk.
In technical terms, it is a network Client/Server based backup
program. Bacula is relatively easy to use andefficient, while
offering many advanced storage management features that make it
easy to find and recoverlost or damaged files. Due to its modular
design, Bacula is scalable from small single computer systems
tosystems consisting of hundreds of computers located over a large
network.
1.1 Who Needs Bacula?
If you are currently using a program such as tar, dump, or bru
to backup your computer data, and you wouldlike a network solution,
more flexibility, or catalog services, Bacula will most likely
provide the additionalfeatures you want. However, if you are new to
Unix systems or do not have offsetting experience with
asophisticated backup package, the Bacula project does not
recommend using Bacula as it is much moredifficult to setup and use
than tar or dump.
If you want Bacula to behave like the above mentioned simple
programs and write over any tape that youput in the drive, then you
will find working with Bacula difficult. Bacula is designed to
protect your datafollowing the rules you specify, and this means
reusing a tape only as the last resort. It is possible to
”force”Bacula to write over any tape in the drive, but it is easier
and more efficient to use a simpler program forthat kind of
operation.
If you would like a backup program that can write to multiple
volumes (i.e. is not limited by your tape drivecapacity), Bacula
can most likely fill your needs. In addition, quite a number of
Bacula users report thatBacula is simpler to setup and use than
other equivalent programs.
If you are currently using a sophisticated commercial package
such as Legato Networker. ARCserveIT,Arkeia, or PerfectBackup+, you
may be interested in Bacula, which provides many of the same
features andis free software available under the Affero GPL Version
3 software license.
1.2 Bacula Components or Services
Bacula is made up of the following five major components or
services: Director, Console, File, Storage, andMonitor
services.
1
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2 Bacula Version 9.6.6
BaculaApplicationInteractions
Admin
bconsole: Command line interfacetool to manage backup and
restoreoperations
BAT: Graphical User Interface forbackup and restore
operationsmanagement
BWeb: Webinterface includes backupand restore operations
managementand reporting as well
Database server
PostgreSQL
MySQL
Meta-datastorage
Bacula Director
Runs,schedules,authenticatesconnectionsand controls backup
andrestore operations
The FileDaemonreads filesfrom sourceand sends them to thestorage
server.
AIXAIX
Bacula Client
Writes data to the devicesduring backup operations
Bacula Storage Server
Disk array,Autoloaders,VTL,NAS / SAN
(thanks to Aristedes Maniatis for this graphic and the one
below)
Bacula Director
The Bacula Director service is the program that supervises all
the backup, restore, verify and archiveoperations. The system
administrator uses the Bacula Director to schedule backups and to
recover files.For more details see the Director Services Daemon
Design Document in the Bacula Developer’s Guide. TheDirector runs
as a daemon (or service) in the background.
Bacula Console
The Bacula Console service is the program that allows the
administrator or user to communicate with theBacula Director
Currently, the Bacula Console is available in three versions:
text-based console interface, QT-based interface, and a wxWidgets
graphical interface. The first and simplest is to run the Console
programin a shell window (i.e. TTY interface). Most system
administrators will find this completely adequate. Thesecond
version is a GNOME GUI interface that is far from complete, but
quite functional as it has most thecapabilities of the shell
Console. The third version is a wxWidgets GUI with an interactive
file restore. Italso has most of the capabilities of the shell
console, allows command completion with tabulation, and givesyou
instant help about the command you are typing. For more details see
the Bacula Console DesignDocument (Chapter 1 on the preceding page)
.
Bacula File
The Bacula File service (also known as the Client program) is
the software program that is installed onthe machine to be backed
up. It is specific to the operating system on which it runs and is
responsible for
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Bacula Version 9.6.6 3
providing the file attributes and data when requested by the
Director. The File services are also responsiblefor the file system
dependent part of restoring the file attributes and data during a
recovery operation. Formore details see the File Services Daemon
Design Document in the Bacula Developer’s Guide. This programruns
as a daemon on the machine to be backed up. In addition to
Unix/Linux File daemons, there is aWindows File daemon (normally
distributed in binary format). The Windows File daemon runs on
currentWindows versions (NT, 2000, XP, 2003, and possibly Me and
98).
Bacula Storage
The Bacula Storage services consist of the software programs
that perform the storage and recovery of thefile attributes and
data to the physical backup media or volumes. In other words, the
Storage daemon isresponsible for reading and writing your tapes (or
other storage media, e.g. files). For more details see theStorage
Services Daemon Design Document in the Bacula Developer’s Guide.
The Storage services runs asa daemon on the machine that has the
backup device (usually a tape drive).
Catalog
The Catalog services are comprised of the software programs
responsible for maintaining the file indexesand volume databases
for all files backed up. The Catalog services permit the system
administrator or userto quickly locate and restore any desired
file. The Catalog services sets Bacula apart from simple
backupprograms like tar and bru, because the catalog maintains a
record of all Volumes used, all Jobs run, andall Files saved,
permitting efficient restoration and Volume management. Bacula
currently supports threedifferent databases, MySQL, and PostgreSQL
one of which must be chosen when building Bacula.
The two SQL databases currently supported (MySQL, and
PostgreSQL) provide quite a number of features,including rapid
indexing, arbitrary queries, and security. Although the Bacula
project plans to support othermajor SQL databases, the current
Bacula implementation interfaces only to MySQL, and PostgreSQL.
Forthe technical and porting details see the Catalog Services
Design Document in the developer’s documented.
The packages for MySQL and PostgreSQL are available for several
operating systems. Alternatively, in-stalling from the source is
quite easy, see the Installing and Configuring MySQL chapter of
this documentfor the details. For more information on MySQL, please
see: www.mysql.com . Or see the Installing andConfiguring
PostgreSQL chapter of this document for the details. For more
information on PostgreSQL,please see: www.postgresql.org .
Bacula Monitor
A Bacula Monitor service is the program that allows the
administrator or user to watch current status ofBacula Directors,
Bacula File Daemons and Bacula Storage Daemons. Currently, only a
GTK+ versionis available, which works with GNOME, KDE, or any
window manager that supports the FreeDesktop.orgsystem tray
standard.
To perform a successful save or restore, the following four
daemons must be configured and running: theDirector daemon, the
File daemon, the Storage daemon, and the Catalog service (MySQL, or
PostgreSQL).
1.3 Bacula Configuration
In order for Bacula to understand your system, what clients you
want backed up and how, you must createa number of configuration
files containing resources (or objects). The following presents an
overall pictureof this:
http://www.mysql.comhttp://www.postgresql.org
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4 Bacula Version 9.6.6
Console configuration( bconsole.conf )
Describeswhich directors
this console canconnect to.
Director {
}
Resourcesdefinition
at a glance
Director configuration( bacula-dir.conf )
Storage to useVolumes (size,
number of)RetentionRecycling
Pool {
}
Client (who)File Set (what)
Schedule (when)Pool (where)
Storage (where)
Job {
}
Name, Address,
Password
Director {
}
Logical storageto use
Points to thecorresponding
device on StorageDaemon
Storage {
}
NameAddress
PortPassword
of the client toback up
Client {
}
NameAddress
DatabaseUsername,
Passwordto store meta-data
Catalog {
}
Files and directoriesto back up
Files and directoriesto exclude
Plugins to use
File Set {
}
Defineswhen this job will
be run.May contain pool,
level andother information
Schedule {
}
Messages sentbetweendaemons
or servicesEmails
Console messages
Messages {
}
Client configuration( bacula-fd.conf )
Nameand general
configuration
File Daemon {
}
Messages sentbetweendaemons
or servicesEmails
Console messages
Messages {
}
Name, Authentication
parameters
Director {
}
Storage daemon configuration( bacula-sd.conf )
One resourcefor general setup:
NameAuthentication
Storage {
}
Messages sentback to
the director
Messages {
}
One per deviceDevice's
characteristics/dev/xxx
Device {
}
Name, Authentication
parameters
Director {
}
1.4 Conventions Used in this Document
Bacula is in a state of evolution, and as a consequence, this
manual will not always agree with the code. If anitem in this
manual is preceded by an asterisk (*), it indicates that the
particular feature is not implemented.If it is preceded by a plus
sign (+), it indicates that the feature may be partially
implemented.If you are reading this manual as supplied in a
released version of the software, the above paragraph holdstrue. If
you are reading the online version of the manual, www.bacula.org ,
please bear in mind that thisversion describes the current version
in development (in the git repository) that may contain features
not inthe released version. Just the same, it generally lags behind
the code a bit.
1.5 Quick Start
To get Bacula up and running quickly, the author recommends that
you first scan the Terminology sectionbelow, then quickly review
the next chapter entitled The Current State of Bacula, then the
Getting Startedwith Bacula, which will give you a quick overview of
getting Bacula running. After which, you shouldproceed to the
chapter on Installing Bacula, then How to Configure Bacula, and
finally the chapter onRunning Bacula.
1.6 Terminology
Administrator The person or persons responsible for
administrating the Bacula system.
Backup The term Backup refers to a Bacula Job that saves
files.
Bootstrap File The bootstrap file is an ASCII file containing a
compact form of commands that allowBacula or the stand-alone file
extraction utility (bextract) to restore the contents of one or
moreVolumes, for example, the current state of a system just backed
up. With a bootstrap file, Bacula canrestore your system without a
Catalog. You can create a bootstrap file from a Catalog to extract
anyfile or files you wish.
http://www.bacula.org
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Bacula Version 9.6.6 5
Catalog The Catalog is used to store summary information about
the Jobs, Clients, and Files that werebacked up and on what Volume
or Volumes. The information saved in the Catalog permits the
admin-istrator or user to determine what jobs were run, their
status as well as the important characteristicsof each file that
was backed up, and most importantly, it permits you to choose what
files to restore.The Catalog is an online resource, but does not
contain the data for the files backed up. Most of theinformation
stored in the catalog is also stored on the backup volumes (i.e.
tapes). Of course, thetapes will also have a copy of the file data
in addition to the File Attributes (see below).
The catalog feature is one part of Bacula that distinguishes it
from simple backup and archive programssuch as dump and tar.
Client In Bacula’s terminology, the word Client refers to the
machine being backed up, and it is synonymouswith the File services
or File daemon, and quite often, it is referred to it as the FD. A
Client is definedin a configuration file resource.
Console The program that interfaces to the Director allowing the
user or system administrator to controlBacula.
Daemon Unix terminology for a program that is always present in
the background to carry out a designatedtask. On Windows systems,
as well as some Unix systems, daemons are called Services.
Directive The term directive is used to refer to a statement or
a record within a Resource in a configurationfile that defines one
specific setting. For example, the Name directive defines the name
of the Resource.
Director The main Bacula server daemon that schedules and
directs all Bacula operations. Occasionally,the project refers to
the Director as DIR.
Differential A backup that includes all files changed since the
last Full save started. Note, other backupprograms may define this
differently.
File Attributes The File Attributes are all the information
necessary about a file to identify it and all itsproperties such as
size, creation date, modification date, permissions, etc. Normally,
the attributes arehandled entirely by Bacula so that the user never
needs to be concerned about them. The attributesdo not include the
file’s data.
File Daemon The daemon running on the client computer to be
backed up. This is also referred to as theFile services, and
sometimes as the Client services or the FD.
FileSet A FileSet is a Resource contained in a configuration
file that defines the files to be backed up.It consists of a list
of included files or directories, a list of excluded files, and how
the file is to bestored (compression, encryption, signatures). For
more details, see the FileSet Resource definition inthe Director
chapter of this document.
Incremental A backup that includes all files changed since the
last Full, Differential, or Incremental backupstarted. It is
normally specified on the Level directive within the Job resource
definition, or in aSchedule resource.
Job A Bacula Job is a configuration resource that defines the
work that Bacula must perform to backupor restore a particular
Client. It consists of the Type (backup, restore, verify, etc), the
Level (full,incremental,...), the FileSet, and Storage the files
are to be backed up (Storage device, Media Pool).For more details,
see the Job Resource definition in the Director chapter of this
document.
Monitor The program that interfaces to all the daemons allowing
the user or system administrator tomonitor Bacula status.
Resource A resource is a part of a configuration file that
defines a specific unit of information that isavailable to Bacula.
It consists of several directives (individual configuration
statements). For example,the Job resource defines all the
properties of a specific Job: name, schedule, Volume pool, backup
type,backup level, ...
Restore A restore is a configuration resource that describes the
operation of recovering a file from backupmedia. It is the inverse
of a save, except that in most cases, a restore will normally have
a small setof files to restore, while normally a Save backs up all
the files on the system. Of course, after a diskcrash, Bacula can
be called upon to do a full Restore of all files that were on the
system.
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6 Bacula Version 9.6.6
Schedule A Schedule is a configuration resource that defines
when the Bacula Job will be scheduled forexecution. To use the
Schedule, the Job resource will refer to the name of the Schedule.
For moredetails, see the Schedule Resource definition in the
Director chapter of this document.
Service This is a program that remains permanently in memory
awaiting instructions. In Unix environ-ments, services are also
known as daemons.
Storage Coordinates The information returned from the Storage
Services that uniquely locates a fileon a backup medium. It
consists of two parts: one part pertains to each file saved, and
the otherpart pertains to the whole Job. Normally, this information
is saved in the Catalog so that the userdoesn’t need specific
knowledge of the Storage Coordinates. The Storage Coordinates
include the FileAttributes (see above) plus the unique location of
the information on the backup Volume.
Storage Daemon The Storage daemon, sometimes referred to as the
SD, is the code that writes theattributes and data to a storage
Volume (usually a tape or disk).
Session Normally refers to the internal conversation between the
File daemon and the Storage daemon.The File daemon opens a session
with the Storage daemon to save a FileSet or to restore it. A
sessionhas a one-to-one correspondence to a Bacula Job (see
above).
Verify A verify is a job that compares the current file
attributes to the attributes that have previously beenstored in the
Bacula Catalog. This feature can be used for detecting changes to
critical system filessimilar to what a file integrity checker like
Tripwire does. One of the major advantages of using Baculato do
this is that on the machine you want protected such as a server,
you can run just the File daemon,and the Director, Storage daemon,
and Catalog reside on a different machine. As a consequence, ifyour
server is ever compromised, it is unlikely that your verification
database will be tampered with.
Verify can also be used to check that the most recent Job data
written to a Volume agrees with whatis stored in the Catalog (i.e.
it compares the file attributes), *or it can check the Volume
contentsagainst the original files on disk.
*Archive An Archive operation is done after a Save, and it
consists of removing the Volumes on whichdata is saved from active
use. These Volumes are marked as Archived, and may no longer be
used tosave files. All the files contained on an Archived Volume
are removed from the Catalog. NOT YETIMPLEMENTED.
Retention Period There are various kinds of retention periods
that Bacula recognizes. The most importantare the File Retention
Period, Job Retention Period, and the Volume Retention Period. Each
ofthese retention periods applies to the time that specific records
will be kept in the Catalog database.This should not be confused
with the time that the data saved to a Volume is valid.
The File Retention Period determines the time that File records
are kept in the catalog database. Thisperiod is important for two
reasons: the first is that as long as File records remain in the
database,you can ”browse” the database with a console program and
restore any individual file. Once the Filerecords are removed or
pruned from the database, the individual files of a backup job can
no longer be”browsed”. The second reason for carefully choosing the
File Retention Period is because the volumeof the database File
records use the most storage space in the database. As a
consequence, you mustensure that regular ”pruning” of the database
file records is done to keep your database from growingtoo large.
(See the Console prune command for more details on this
subject).
The Job Retention Period is the length of time that Job records
will be kept in the database. Note,all the File records are tied to
the Job that saved those files. The File records can be purged
leavingthe Job records. In this case, information will be available
about the jobs that ran, but not the detailsof the files that were
backed up. Normally, when a Job record is purged, all its File
records will alsobe purged.
The Volume Retention Period is the minimum of time that a Volume
will be kept before it is reused.Bacula will normally never
overwrite a Volume that contains the only backup copy of a file.
Underideal conditions, the Catalog would retain entries for all
files backed up for all current Volumes. Oncea Volume is
overwritten, the files that were backed up on that Volume are
automatically removedfrom the Catalog. However, if there is a very
large pool of Volumes or a Volume is never overwritten,the Catalog
database may become enormous. To keep the Catalog to a manageable
size, the backupinformation should be removed from the Catalog
after the defined File Retention Period. Baculaprovides the
mechanisms for the catalog to be automatically pruned according to
the retention periodsdefined.
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Bacula Version 9.6.6 7
Scan A Scan operation causes the contents of a Volume or a
series of Volumes to be scanned. TheseVolumes with the information
on which files they contain are restored to the Bacula Catalog.
Oncethe information is restored to the Catalog, the files contained
on those Volumes may be easily restored.This function is
particularly useful if certain Volumes or Jobs have exceeded their
retention period andhave been pruned or purged from the Catalog.
Scanning data from Volumes into the Catalog is doneby using the
bscan program. See the bscan section (section 1.7 on page 10) of
the Bacula CommunityUtility programs for more details.
Volume A Volume is an archive unit, normally a tape or a named
disk file where Bacula stores the datafrom one or more backup jobs.
All Bacula Volumes have a software label written to the Volume
byBacula so that it identifies what Volume it is really reading.
(Normally there should be no confusionwith disk files, but with
tapes, it is easy to mount the wrong one.)
1.7 What Bacula is Not
Bacula is a backup, restore and verification program and is not
a complete disaster recovery system in itself,but it can be a key
part of one if you plan carefully and follow the instructions
included in the DisasterRecovery Chapter of this manual.
With proper planning, as mentioned in the Disaster Recovery
chapter, Bacula can be a central componentof your disaster recovery
system. For example, if you have created an emergency boot disk,
and/or a BaculaRescue disk to save the current partitioning
information of your hard disk, and maintain a complete
Baculabackup, it is possible to completely recover your system from
”bare metal” that is starting from an emptydisk.
If you have used the WriteBootstrap record in your job or some
other means to save a valid bootstrap file,you will be able to use
it to extract the necessary files (without using the catalog or
manually searching forthe files to restore).
1.8 Interactions Between the Bacula Services
The following block diagram shows the typical interactions
between the Bacula Services for a backup job.Each block represents
in general a separate process (normally a daemon). In general, the
Director overseesthe flow of information. It also maintains the
Catalog.
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8 Bacula Version 9.6.6
Director
Console
FileDaemon
CatalogSQL DBMS
StorageDaemon
Files attributes+
Data
Files attributes+
Data
Commands
UserCommands
Commands
AuthorizationCatalog requests
File attributesStorage location
Physical media
File attributesStorage location
-
Chapter 2
New Features in 9.6.0
2.0.1 Building 9.6.4 and later
Version 9.6.4 is a major security and bug fix release. We
suggest everyone to upgrade as soon as possible.One significant
improvement in this version is for the AWS S3 cloud driver. First
the code base has been
brought much closer to the Enterprise version (still a long ways
to go). Second major change is that thecommunity code now uses the
latest version of libs3 as maintained by Bacula Systems. The libs3
code isavailable as a tar file for Bacula version 9.6.4 at:
http://www.bacula.org/downloads/libs3-20200523.tar.gz
Note: Version 9.6.4 must be compiled with the above libs3
version or later. To build libs3:
- Remove any libs3 package loaded by your OS
- Download above link
- tar xvfz libs3-20200523.tar.gz
- cd libs3-20200523
- make # should have no errors
- sudo make install
Then when you do your Bacula ./configure ¡args¿ it should
automatically detect and use the libs3. Theoutput from the
./configure will show whether or not libs3 was found during the
configuration. E.g.
S3 support: yes
in the output from ./configure.
2.0.2 Docker Plugin
Containers is a relatively new system level virtualization
concept that has less overhead than traditionalvirtualation. This
is true because Container use the underlying operating system to
provide all the neededservices thus eliminating the need for
multiple operating systems.Docker containers rely on sophisticated
file system level data abstraction with a number of read-only
imagesto create templates used for container initialization.With
its Docker Plugin, the Bacula will save the full container image
including all read-only and writablelayers into a single image
archive.It is not necessary to install a Bacula File daemon in each
container, so each container can be backed upfrom a common image
repository.The Bacula Docker Plugin will contact the Docker service
to read and save the contents of any system imageor container image
using snapshots (default behavior) and dump them using the Docker
API.The Docker Plugin whitepaper provides more detailed
information.
2.0.3 Real-Time Statistics Monitoring
All Bacula daemons can now collect internal performance
statistics periodically and provide mechanisms tostore the values
to a CSV file or to send the values to a Graphite daemon via the
network. Graphite is anenterprise-ready monitoring tool
(https://graphiteapp.org).
To activate the statistic collector feature, simply define a
Statistics resource in the daemon of yourchoice:
9
http://www.bacula.org/downloads/libs3-20200523.tar.gzhttps://graphiteapp.org
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10 Bacula Version 9.6.6
Figure 2.1: Graphite Examples
Statistics {
Name = "Graphite"
Type = Graphite
# Graphite host information
Host = "localhost"
Port = 2003
}
It is possible to change the interval that is used to collect
the statistics with the Intervaldirective (5 mins by default), and
use the Metrics directive to select the data to collect (all
bydefault).
If the Graphite daemon cannot be reached, the statistics data
are spooled on disk and are sentautomatically when the Graphite
daemon is available again.
The bconsole statistics command can be used to display the
current statistics in various formats(text or json for now).
*statistics
Statistics available for:
1: Director
2: Storage
3: Client
Select daemon type for statistics (1-3): 1
bacula.dir.config.clients=1
bacula.dir.config.jobs=3
bacula.dir.config.filesets=2
bacula.dir.config.pools=3
bacula.dir.config.schedules=2
...
*statistics storage
...
bacula.storage.bac-sd.device.File1.readbytes=214
bacula.storage.bac-sd.device.File1.readtime=12
bacula.storage.bac-sd.device.File1.readspeed=0.000000
bacula.storage.bac-sd.device.File1.writespeed=0.000000
bacula.storage.bac-sd.device.File1.status=1
bacula.storage.bac-sd.device.File1.writebytes=83013529
bacula.storage.bac-sd.device.File1.writetime=20356
...
The statistics bconsole command can accept parameters to be
scripted, for example it ispossible to export the data in JSON, or
to select which metrics to display.
*statistics bacula.dir.config.clients bacula.dir.config.jobs
json
[
{
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Bacula Version 9.6.6 11
"name": "bacula.dir.config.clients",
"value": 1,
"type": "Integer",
"unit": "Clients",
"description": "The number of defined clients in the
Director."
},
{
"name": "bacula.dir.config.jobs",
"value": 3,
"type": "Integer",
"unit": "Jobs",
"description": "The number of defined jobs in the Director."
}
]
The .status statistics command can be used to query the status
of the Statistic collector thread.
*.status dir statistics
Statistics backend: Graphite is running
type=2 lasttimestamp=12-Sep-18 09:45
interval=300 secs
spooling=in progress
lasterror=Could not connect to localhost:2003 Err=Connection
refused
Update Statistics: running interval=300 secs
lastupdate=12-Sep-18 09:45
*
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12 Bacula Version 9.6.6
-
Chapter 3
New Features in 9.4.0
Cloud Backup
A major problem of Cloud backup is that data transmission to and
from the Cloud is veryslow compared to traditional backup to disk
or tape. The Bacula Cloud drivers provide ameans to quickly finish
the backups and then to transfer the data from the local cache to
theCloud in the background. This is done by first splitting the
data Volumes into small parts thatare cached locally then uploading
those parts to the Cloud storage service in the background,either
while the job continues to run or after the backup Job has
terminated. Once the partsare written to the Cloud, they may either
be left in the local cache for quick restores or theycan be removed
(truncate cache).
Cloud Volume Architecture
Figure 3.1: Bacula Cloud Architecture
The picture shown above shows two Volumes (Volume0001 and
Volume0002) with their partsin the cache. Below the cache, one can
see that Volume0002 has been uploaded or synchronizedwith the
Cloud.
13
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14 Bacula Version 9.6.6
Note: Regular Bacula disk Volumes are implemented as standard
files that reside in the userdefined Archive Directory. On the
other hand, Bacula Cloud Volumes are directories thatreside in the
user defined Archive Directory. Each Cloud Volume’s directory
contains thecloud Volume parts which are implemented as numbered
files (part.1, part.2, ...).
Cloud Restore
During a restore, if the needed parts are in the local cache,
they will be immediately used,otherwise, they will be downloaded
from the Cloud as needed. The restore starts with partsalready in
the local cache but will wait in turn for any part that needs to be
downloaded. TheCloud part downloads proceed while the restore is
running.
With most Cloud providers, uploads are usually free of charge,
but downloads of data fromthe Cloud are billed. By using local
cache and multiple small parts, you can configure Baculato
substantially reduce download costs.
The MaximumFileSize Device directive is still valid within the
Storage Daemon and defines thegranularity of a restore chunk. In
order to limit volume parts to download during restore(specially
when restoring single files), it might be useful to set the
MaximumFileSize to a valuesmaller than or equal to the
MaximumPartSize.
Compatibility
Since a Cloud Volume contains the same data as an ordinary
Bacula Volume, all existing typesof Bacula data may be stored in
the cloud – that is client encrypted, compressed data, plugindata,
etc. All existing Bacula functionality, with the exception of
deduplication, is availablewith the Bacula Cloud drivers.
Deduplication and the Cloud
At the current time, Bacula Global Endpoint Backup does not
support writing to the cloudbecause the cloud would be too slow to
support large hashed and indexed containers of dedu-plication
data.
Virtual Autochangers and Disk Autochangers
If you use a Bacula Virtual Autochanger you will find it
compatible with the new Bacula Clouddrivers. However, if you use a
third party disk autochanger script such as Vchanger, unless
oruntil it is modified to handle Volume directories, it may not be
compatible with Bacula Clouddrivers.
Security
All data that is sent to and received from the cloud by default
uses the HTTPS protocol,so your data is encrypted while being
transmitted and received. However, data that residesin the Cloud is
not encrypted by default. If you wish extra security of your data
while itresides in the cloud, you should consider using Bacula’s
PKI data encryption feature duringthe backup.
Cache and Pruning
The Cache is treated much like a normal Disk based backup, so
that in configuring Cloud theadministrator should take care to set
”Archive Device” in the Device resource to a directorywhere he/she
would normally start data backed up to disk. Obviously, unless
he/she uses thetruncate/prune cache commands, the Archive Device
will continue to fill.
The cache retention can be controlled per Volume with the
“CacheRetention” attribute. Thedefault value is 0, meaning that the
pruning of the cache is disabled.
The “CacheRetention” value for a volume can be modified with the
“update” command orvia the Pool directive “CacheRetention” for
newly created volumes.
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Bacula Version 9.6.6 15
3.0.1 New Commands, Resource, and Directives for Cloud
To support Cloud, in Bacula Enterprise 8.8 there are new
bconsole commands, new StorageDaemon directives and a new Cloud
resource that is specified in the Storage Daemon’s
Deviceresource.
New Cloud Bconsole Commands
• Cloud The new cloud bconsole command allows you to do a number
of things with cloudvolumes. The options are the following:
– None. If you specify no arguments to the command, bconsole
will prompt with:
Cloud choice:
1: List Cloud Volumes in the Cloud
2: Upload a Volume to the Cloud
3: Prune the Cloud Cache
4: Truncate a Volume Cache
5: Done
Select action to perform on Cloud (1-5):
The different choices should be rather obvious.
– Truncate This command will attempt to truncate the local cache
for the specifiedVolume. Bacula will prompt you for the information
needed to determine the Volumename or names. To avoid the prompts,
the following additional command line optionsmay be specified:
∗ Storage=xxx∗ Volume=xxx∗ AllPools∗ AllFromPool∗ Pool=xxx∗
MediaType=xxx∗ Drive=xxx∗ Slots=nnn
– Prune This command will attempt to prune the local cache for
the specified Volume.Bacula will respect the CacheRetention volume
attribute to determine if the cachecan be truncated or not. Only
parts that are uploaded to the cloud will be deletedfrom the cache.
Bacula will prompt you for the information needed to determine
theVolume name or names. To avoid the prompts, the following
additional commandline options may be specified:
∗ Storage=xxx∗ Volume=xxx∗ AllPools∗ AllFromPool∗ Pool=xxx∗
MediaType=xxx∗ Drive=xxx∗ Slots=nnn
– Upload This command will attempt to upload the specified
Volumes. It will promptyou for the informatio