Bacteriology Finals Lecture Outline

7/31/2019 Bacteriology Finals Lecture Outline

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/bacteriology-finals-lecture-outline 1/187

HJ] =2?

O@M^G_CAJAKSJgm~wrg 00

Gl~gcm K`h(Lgk`~cug _an}

&Gl~gao`m~gc`mg`g #



Gl~gao`m~gc`mg`g

gl~gcm k`h(lgk`~cug an}* gl~gcmo`m~gc`* QQQQQQQQQQ

cl~g}~cl`j ~`m~ ae fwh`l}* `lch`j}* %

cl}gm~}9gc~fg arra~wlc}~cm a ~wg r`~fakgl}

j`kg* fg~gakglgaw} kawr9 {gjj }~wncgn

`rravch`~gjs ?7 ae ~fg 3; gl~gcm} ” egpwgl~js c}aj`~gn eah }rgmchgl}



E`hcjs Gl~gao`m~gc`mg`g

&lalha~cjg#

&lalha~cjg#

Mg~`cl G ,majc }~`cl}m`l og mal}cnggn~wg r`~fakgl}

&lalha~cjg `~ =;²#



]C^G] AE CLEGM^CAL]{c~f hghog} ae ~fg

Gl~gao`m~gc`mg`g

]ahg `g gl~gcm

r`~fakgl}9 a~fg} `g wcl`s a

g}rc`~as ~`m~ r`~fakgl}9 `j}a

m`w}g QQQQQQQQQQ

clegm~cal}



Gl~gao`m~gc`mg`g Harfajaks `ln Kglg`j Mf``m~gc}~cm}

]fa~ k`h(lgk`~cug an}

Ha~cjg &rgc~cmfaw} ej`kgjj`# a lalha~cjg

E`mwj~`~cug `l`gaog}!`gaog}Eghgl~ kjwma}g* ha}~js `gakglcm

_gnwmg lc~`~g ~a lc~c~g

M`~`j`}g &)#Ranwmg QQQQQQQQQQ &o`m~gcamcl}#



Gl~gao`m~gc`mg`g

Nceeggl~c`~cal ae }rgmcg}4

0,^srcm`j majalcg} &}gjgm~cug % nceeggl~c`j#

” _gm`jj H`m* GHO* ^MO]* FG@* ]]@* VJN

” }haa~f* hwmacn* }{`hclk* rckhgl~* g~m,

” j`kg % nwjj k`s al ojaan `k` &O@#9 h`sa h`s la~ og fghajs~cm

” ]gjglc~g(E* @R[ 8 glcmfhgl~ &egm`j }`hrjg#



_`rcn* Rg}whr~cug Cngl~cecm`~cal ae K`h(Lgk`~cug Gl~gcm O`m~gc`

J`m~a}g eghgl~gn `rcnjs

G}mfgcmfc` majc 4 hg~`jjcm }fggl al GHO9 ha~cjg* ej`~*laluc}maw} majalcg}

Gl~gao`m~g `gakglg} 4 `c}gn majalcg}* la hg~`jjcm}fggl9 ae~gl ha~cjg* hag uc}maw} ka{~f

Ijgo}cgjj` rlgwhalc`g 4 ugs uc}maw}* hwmacn ka{~f9lalha~cjg

J`m~a}g eghgl~gn }ja{js

G n{`n}cgjj`* ] g`~c`* M c~ao`m~g* @ctal`* R aucnglmc`* G {clc`



_`rcn* Rg}whr~cug Cngl~cecm`~cal ae K`h(Lgk`~cug Gl~gcm O`m~gc`

  J`m~a}g la~ eghgl~gn

  ]fckgjj` }rgmcg}4 lalha~cjg9 la k`} eahngv~a}g

  ]`jhalgjj` }rgmcg}4 ha~cjg9 `mcn `ln w}w`jjsk`} eah ngv~a}g

  Ra~gw} }rgmcg}4 ‚}{`hclk‘ al `k`9 wg`

`rcnjs fsnajstgn  R}gwnahal`} }rgmcg}4 }ajwojg rckhgl~}*

ojwg(kggl % ejwag}mclk9 }{gg~c}f }hgjj



Gl~gao`m~gc`mg`g

?, Ocamfghcm`j g`m~cal r`~~gl}4 ” Mòafsn`~g eghgl~`~cal r`~~gl} &^]C#

” @m~cuc~s ae `hcla `mcn ngmòasvj`}g}

” A~fg gltshg} &gk* wg`}g# a ranwm~} ” ^]C* JC@* wg` a rfglsj`j`lclg `k`

8 = w}gewj hgnc` ea }mgglclk }~aaj mwj~wg}

&}gg ^òjg 07( 0* r`kg ?07* D`{g~t–} Hgn Hcma oaai#



Gl~gao`m~gc`mg`g =, @l~ckglcm }~wm~wg} ( = h`da mj`}}g}4



0, A `l~ckgl} &}ah`~cm A ( JR]#

<072 nceeggl~ fg`~(}~òjg9fg`~ % `jmafaj QQQQQQQQQQ9ng~gm~gn os o`m~gc`j `kkjw~cl`~cal9

`l~coancg} ~a A @k rgnahcl`l~js CkH

Gl~gao`m~gc`mg`g

=, @l~ckglcm }~wm~wg} ( = h`da mj`}}g}4



Gl~gao`m~gc`mg`g


?, F `l~ckgl}

<72 F &ej`kgjj`# `l~ckgl}

fg`~ % `jmafaj QQQQQQQQQQ 9`l~coancg} ~a F @k &ej`kgjjcl# h`cljs CkK9}ahg wlngka rf`}g u`c`~cal9

h`s cl~gegg {c~f `kkjw~cl`~cal os`l~c(A `l~coans



Gl~gao`m~gc`mg`g


=, I `l~ckgl} &glugjarg!m`r}wj`#

<022 fg`~(jòcjg I

rajs}`mmf`cng} a ra~gcl}h`s cl~gegg {c~f `kkjw~cl`~cal os A`l~c}g`9 oacj ea 07 hcl, ~a wlh`}i A @k`}}amc`~gn {c~f ucwjglmg &I0#]`jhalgjj` ~srfc m`r}wj` `l~ckgl} 8 QQQQQQQQQQ



G}mfgcmfc` majc

Lah`j clfòc~`l~ ae ~fgK,C, ~`m~,Ha}~ }cklcecm`l~ }rgmcg}

cl ~fg kglw}Mahhal c}aj`~g eahmajal eja`Clngv ak`lc}h ea egm`j

mal~`hcl`~cal ae {`~g QQQQQQQQQQ

GHO4 Kgglc}f hg~`jjcm }fggl9ccng}mgl~ ‚}fggl‘

 Ns* rcli &JE#majals {c~f}wawlnclk rcli

`g` alH`mMaligs H`s og fghajs~cmal O@ ” hag

mahhal clr`~fakglcm }~`cl}&wclg c}aj`~g}#



G}mfgcmfc` majc

” IGS ~g}~} ea ~fg lah`j }~`cl4  ^]C ( @!@ k`})  Js}clg ngmòavsj`}g )ug  H`llc~aj eghgl~g

  Ha~cjg  Clnajg )ug  Ñ(kjwmwalcn`}g ) &<32'#

&}wo}~`~g >(hg~fsjwhogjjcegsj( Ñ(kjwmwalcng* HWK#

  Wg` ”ug  QQQQQQQQQQ

” CHUcM4 ))((



G, majc Ucwjglmg E`m~a}

Jcrcn @ mahralgl~ ae ~fg JR] &glna~avcl#8 m`w}g ae ng`~f cl }gr}c} &}gr~cm }fami#

I0 `l~ckgl

8 }~alk `}}amc`~cal {c~f lgal`~`j hglclkc~c}

Gl~ga~avcl} &gva~avcl#

8 m`w}g }gugg {`~gs nc`fg` &G^GM }~`cl#8 ? ~srg}4 J^ &fg`~ jòcjg#* ]^ &fg`~ }~òjg#



J^ u} ]^ `m~cuc~s


  Clfcoc~ ~fggò}ar~calae L`) % Mj(

  ]~chwj`~g ~fg

}gmg~cal ae F?A* Mj( %FMA=

( cl~a ~fgjwhgl

Msmjcm `ngla}clg halarfa}rf`~g

Msmjcm kw`la}clg halarfa}rf`~g




]fck`(~srg ~avcl} 0 % ?&uga~avcl#8 ]^GM a GFGM }~`cl

8 clfcoc~ ra~gcl }sl~fg}c}&52] }wowlc~#* ms~a~avcm8 ]^GM 207;4F;

Gl~ga`kkgk`~cug ]^(jcig ~avcl8 G@GM }~`cl




Fghajs}cl} QQQQQQQQQQ }gmg~cal }s}~gh

~a ngjcug geegm~a hajgmwjg}clnwmg wr~ìg ae GCGM cl~a fa}~ mgjj}gee`mclk jg}cal cl GRGM mf``m~gctgnos hcmaucjjc ng}~wm~cal `ln rgng}~`jeah`~cal



@nfg}cl} &majalct`~cal e`m~a}#8 clmjwng rcjc a echoc`g % lalechoc`je`m~a} &gk cl~chcl#9 nceeggl~ ~srg}

8 @l~coancg} ra~gm~ eah majalct`~cal


 M`r}wjg  Cal m`r~wclk òcjc~s

&gl~gamfgjcl#  Aw~g hgho`lg ra~gcl}



W_CL@_S ^_@M^ CLEGM^CAL] ” &`}jg`nclk m`w}g# ↟ jg`n ~a `mw~g ms}~c~c}

&oj`nng clegm~cal# `ln rsgjalgrfc~c}&icnlgs clegm~cal#

G, majc Clegm~cal}



G, majc Clegm~cal}

LGAL@^@J HGLCLKC^C] % ]GR^CMGHC@ ” }~`cl} {c~f ~fg I0 @k &w}w`jjs#

K@]^_AGL^G_C^C]

0,gl~ga~avckglcm G, majc &G^GM#?,gl~gaclu`}cug G, majc &GCGM#

=,gl~gar`~fakglcm G, majc &GRGM#

>,QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ

7,gl~gafghaf`kcm G, majc &GFGM#



G, majc K@]^_AGL^G_C^C]



G^GM ” mahhal m`w}g ae ‚QQQQQQQQQQQQQ‘ % nc`fg` cl

cle`l~} cl ngugjarclk mawl~cg}

GRGM ” nc`fg` {c~f j`kg `hawl~ ae hwmaw} {c~faw~ ojaana rw}* {c~f uahc~clk* h`j`c}g % ja{ k`ng

GCGM

” egug* }gugg ònahcl`j m`hr}* h`j`c}g* {`~gsnc`fg` eajja{gn os }m`l~s }~aaj} {c~f ojaan*hwmaw}* `ln rw}




G@GM ” {`~gs nc`fg`* uahc~clk* ngfsn`~cal* amm`}cal`j

ònahcl`j r`cl

GFGM

” {`~gs nc`fg` ~f`~ rakg}}g} ~a ojaans nc`fg`la rw}9 m`hrs ònahcl`j r`cl

” rakg}}cal ~a fghajs~cm(wghcm }slnahg$ &FW]#$~fahoams~arglc`* fghajs~cm `lghc`* gl`j e`cjwg

” G, majc A07>;4F; nag} la~ eghgl~ QQQQQQQQQQ cl >6faw} &a~fg }~`cl} na#




G, majc k`}~agl~gc~c} ( GFGM

  ]aoc~aj(H`mMaligs&]H@M# rj`~g ” mal~`cl} }aoc~aj

cl}~g`n ae j`m~a}g9

}gjgm~cug  Malech G, majc A07>;4F;

c}aj`~g os }gajakcm`j~g}~clk ~fgl malech

ranwm~cal ae ~fg }fck`(jcig ~avcl ogeag gra~clkaw~ g}wj~}



GFGM! G, majc 207;4F;

http://c/Users/Julie%20J.%20Tiu/Desktop/lec%20files/Update%20Bacte%20ppt/utubDL/YouTube%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20-%20EHEC%20O157_H7%20-%20getting%20to%20the%20bottom%20of%20the%20burger%20bug.mp4



G majc K`}~agl~gc~c} &alg hag ~chg#



G}mfgcmfc` majc ^g`~hgl~

]wjeal`hcng}* `hrcmcjjcl*mgrf`ja}racl}* ejwaapwclajalg}*`ln `hclakjsma}cng}

Hwj~cnwk g}c}~`l~ }~`cl} ( mahhal&~`l}hc}}cojg rj`}hcn}#

]w}mgr~cocjc~s ~g}~clk ( g}}gl~c`j



Ijgo}cgjj`(Gl~gao`m~g( ]g`~c`(Fèlc` }rgmcg}

[cng u`cg~s ae clegm~cal}Kglg`j mf``m~gc}~cm}4 ” ]chhal} mc~`~g ra}c~cug ” F?] lgk`~cug ” Rfglsj`j`lclg ng`hcl`}g lgk`~cug ” ]ahg {gìjs wg`}g ra}c~cug

” H_ lgk`~cug9 QQQQQQQQQQ



Ijgo}cgjj` &ha}~ mahhal#

  I, rlgwhalc`g }wo}r, rlgwhalc`g ” &(# clnajg* &)# mc~`~g* wg`}g* h`jal`~g

” ^]C @!@ ) k`}

” JC@ I!I ” H_(* UR) ” Lalha~cjg

” F`} A `ln I `l~ckgl}  Ijgo}cgjj` avs~am` ” QQQQQQQQQQ* mc~`~g* wg`}g* h`jal`~g



Ijgo}cgjj`

Mjclcm`j }cklcecm`lmgRlgwhalc`* rgh`lgl~ jwlk n`h`kg &chhwlamahrahc}gn#

W^C* o`m~gghc`* % a~fg la}amahc`j clegm~cal}

I, rlgwhalc`g }wo}r, at`gl`g ” atgl` &l`}`j hwma}`#

I, rlgwhalc`g }wo}r, fcla}mjgah`~c}

” fcla}mjgah`

I, k`lwjah`~c} &eahgjs QQQQQQQQQQ# ” mfalcm kglc~`j wjmg`~cug nc}g`}g

Nwk g}c}~`lmg &G]OJ#



Gl~gao`m~g }rgmcg}

Mf``m~gc}~cm}^]C* JC@* `ln wg` &}rgmcg}#Mc~`~g )* ha~cjg* j`kg k`} ranwmg}

Mjclcm`j }cklcecm`lmg  La}amahc`j clegm~cal}  Rlgwhalc`* W^C* {awln % ngucmg}

clegm~cal}

  @hrcmcjjcl % mgrf`ja}racl g}c}~`l~ }~`cl}&G]OJ#

  G, `kkjahg`l}9 G, mja`m`g* G, `gakglg}* G, }ì`tìcc &~fg j`~~g = la{ kglw} Malao`m~g #



]g`~c`

  ]g`~c` h`mg}mgl} ” @ egg(jcuclk }`rarfs~g

” JC@ w}w`jjs I!I ” &)# NL@}g* jcr`}g* kgj`~cl`}g ” ^]C @!@ a I!@9 )!( k`}* LJE

” Mc~`~g )* Ha~cjg ” F`} oggl eawln cl _^ `ln W^ clegm~cal} ” C} g}c}~`l~ ~a h`ls `l~chcmaoc`j}

ranwmg QQQQQQQQQQ &gn rckhgl~#



Fèlc`

  Fèlc` `jugc ( aljs }rgmcg}  Nc}g`}g4

” K`}~agl~gc~c}

  R`~fakglg}c}4 `nfg}cal} ~a grc~fgjc`j mgjj}  ocamfghcm`jjs }chcj` ~a ~fg Gl~gao`m~g

  hìg} ~fg }mgl~ ae fwh`l egmg}4 }i`~ajg

 

Ngj`sgn mc~`~g g`m~cal c} h`damf``m~gc}~cm,



Ra~gw}* Raucnglmc`* Hak`lgjj`

@jj ha~cjg* {c~f Ra~gw} }{`hclk* LJERG@* MJGN

Rfglsj`j`lclg ng`hcl`}g )Js}clg ng`hcl`~cal ) &JC@ _!@#Wg`}g &)# gvmgr~ Raucnglmc` `jm`jce`mcgl} Clnajg &)# gvmgr~ QQQQQQQQQQ

Aljs Ra~gw} c} F?]&)#



Ra~gw}* Raucnglmc`* `ln Hak`lgjj`

Ucwjglmg e`m~a   Wg`}g ” ~fg `hhalc` ranwmgn h`s n`h`kg ~fg

grc~fgjc`j mgjj} ae ~fg W^ &Ra~gw} #

Mjclcm`j ]cklcecm`lmgClegm~cal}4 W^C* o`m~gghc`* rlgwhalc`* eam`jjg}cal}

Fckfjs `ji`jclg wclg ” ralg ~a }~algeah`~cal



Rra~gw} }rgmcg}

  R, hcòcjc} `ln R, uwjk`c} ” gmaklctgn fwh`l r`~fakgl}

  C}aj`~gn eah wclg* {awln}* `ln g` `lnojaan clegm~cal}



Hark`lgjj` }rgmcg}

Hark`lgjj` QQQQQQQQQQ ( aljs }rgmcg}

Namwhgl~gn m`w}g ae W^C

C}aj`~gn eah a~fg `l`~ahcm`j }c~g}Wg`}g ra}c~cug

Rfglsj`j`lclg ng`hcl`}g ra}c~cug

mc~`~g&(#



Rraucnglmc` }rgmcg}

Rraucnglmc` rg~~kgrc r`~fakgl ae wcl`s ~`m~

la}amahc`j aw~ogì}

Rraucnglcmc` }~w`r~cc la}amahc`j aw~ogì} cl owl wlc~}

f`} oggl c}aj`~gn eah wclg

Oa~f rfglsj`j`lclg ng`hcl`}g ra}c~cug



Mc~ao`m~g &M, egwlncc* M, ncug}w}* M, `h`jal`~cmw}#

^]C I!@ a @!@ oa~f ) k`}* F?])JC@ I!@ ) F?]Wg` w}w`jjs ) &}ja{js#Mc~`~g )* ha~cjg

_g}ghojg QQQQQQQQQQ

Arra~wlc}~cm r`~fakgl}W^C* _^C* amm`}cal`jjs {awlnclegm~cal}* a}~gahsgjc~c}*glnam`nc~c}* `ln hglclkc~c}



Gn{`n}cgjj`

  Gn{`n}cgjj` ~`n`

” ^]C I!@ ) k`} `ln F?]

” JC@ I!I )F?]

” Wg` ”

” Mc~`~g ”

” Clnajg )

” Mjclcm`j }cklcecm`lmg ” m`w}g} KC nc}g`}g cl~arcm`j `ln }wo~arcm`j mawl~cg}



]fckgjj` }rgmcg}

> r`~fakglcm}rgmcg}

Kawr H`llc~aj Alc~fclgNgmòavsj`}g

], ns}gl~gc`g @

], ejgvlgc O

], oasncc M

], }allgc N



Ocamfghc}~s

^]C4 I!@ {c~f LA k`}LAL(HA^CJG

Eghgl~ kjwma}gLal(J`m~a}g eghgl~g}

], }allgc h`s }fa{ ngj`sgn j`m~a}g eghgl~`~cal

@jj eghgl~ h`llc~aj gvmgr~ ], ns}gl~gc`g Mcmwj`* malugv* ~`l}r`gl~ majalcg}

]fckgjj` }rgmcg}



@l~ckglcm }~wm~wg}

@* O* M* `ln N kawrclk

o`}gn al A `l~ckgl }ga~srclkI `l~ckgl} h`s cl~gegg {! }ga~srclk

A `l~ckgl c} }chcj` ~a G, majc

chra~`l~ ~a cngl~ces `} ]fckgjj` ogeagnaclk }ga~srclk

]fckgjj` }rgmcg}



Glna~avcl

]fck` gva~avcl

], ns}gl~gc`g ~srg 0 &]fck` o`mcjjw}# ], ejgvlgc % ], }allgc &}h`jjg `hawl~}#

clfcoc~ ra~gcl }sl~fg}c}

↟ ajg cl wjmg`~cal ae ~fg cl~g}~cl`j hwma}`

Aw~g hgho`lg `ln }gmg~gn ra~gcl} clnwmg rf`kams~a}c} ae ~fg o`m~gc` cl~a u`mwajg} &H mgjj}#

]fckgjj` Ucwjglmg E`m~a}

]fckgjj` `~~`mfhgl~ `ln



]fckgjj` `~~`mfhgl~ `lnrglg~`~cal

Ng}~as ~fg u`mwajg} ~ag}m`rg cl~a ~fg ms~arj`}h

]rg`n j`~g`jjs os `m~clrajshgct`~calHwj~crjs ow~ na la~ w}w`jjsnc}}ghcl`~g ogsaln ~fg

grc~fgjcwh

]fc jj Mjc c j ]c cec



]fckgjj` Mjclcm`j ]cklcecm`lmg

]fckgjja}c} a o`mcjj`s ns}gl~gs QQQQQQQQ clegm~cug na}g &02= ak`lc}h}#

‚eaan* eclkg}* egmg}* `ln ejcg}‘ ~`l}hc}}cal

]fa~ clmwo`~cal &0(? n`s}#

Egug* m`hrclk* ònahcl`j r`cl* `ln {`~gsnc`fg`

Eajja{gn os egpwgl~* }m`l~ }~aaj} {c~f ojaan*hwmaw}* `ln rw} {c~f }~`clclk % ~glg}hw}



]`jhalgjj`(@ctal`

Mahrjgv Mj`}}cecm`~cal4  0 }cklcecm`l~ }rgmcg} {c~f 7 }wo}rgmcg}

]`jhalgjj` gl~gcm` }wo}rgmcg}4

C ” gl~gcm` 8 fwh`l clegm~cal}

CC ” }`j`h`gCCC ” `ctal`gCU ” faw~gl`g

UC ( clncm`  gra~gn aw~ `} }ga~srg} o`}gn al ~fgI`weeh`l([fc~g }mfghg ae mj`}}cecm`~cal



  I`weeh`l([fc~g }mfghg ae mj`}}cecm`~cal ” O`}gn al A `ln F &ej`kgjj`# `l~ckgl} ” ]`jhalgjj` ~srfc ( Uc m`r}wj` `l~ckgl

” Rajsu`jgl~ `l~c}g` c} w}gn eajja{gn os kawr}rgmcecm `l~c}g`,  ]`jhalgjj` gl~gcm` }wo}r, gl~gcm` }g,

” @ 8 R``~srfc @ ” O 8 R``~srfc O ” M0 8 Mfajg`g}wc} ” N 8 ^srfcFa{ ~a {c~g4 QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ

]`jhalgjj`

lal(j`m~a}g eghgl~clk



]`jhalgjj`

Ocamfghc}~s

], ~srfc 4 ^]C I!@ k`} &(# % haw}~`mfg F?]*

CHUcM ()((* JN &)#* @N &(#* AN &(#A~fg}4 I!@ k`}&)#* F?] &)#* CHUcM ()()* JN &)#

], r``~srfc @ ranwmg} la F?]* JN &(#,

Ha~cjg* LJE]gjglc~g E* ~g~`~fcal`~g oa~f* ]]@* VJN

]gajakcm`j ~srclk &`rcn }jcng `kkjw~cl`~cal#

majalcg} {c~f oj`mi mgl~g}



A~fg Nc`kla}~cm ^g}~}

  Ejwag}mgl~ `l~coans ~gmflcpwg  [CN@J ^G]^ &^wog ncjw~cal `kkjw~cl`~cal#

” Fckf a c}clk ~c~g ‚A‘ <04=?2 `k`cl}~ F

`l~ckgl ae <045>2 8 mal}cnggn ra}c~cug ” Fckf ~c~g ‚F‘ }wkkg}~} r`}~ u`mmcl`~cal a

r`}~ clegm~cal

” Fckf ~c~g ‚Uc‘ ammw} cl m`cg }~`~g   GJC]@ ~srg ic~ &halamjal`j `l~coancg}#*

NL@ raog} cl ic~ eah



^srfcna~

  _`rcn ng~gm~cal ae }rgmcecm CkH `ln CkK`l~coancg} ~a ~fg AHR ae ], ~srfc

  CkH &)# aljs a CkH &)# % CkK &)# 8 `mw~g~srfacn

  CkK &)# aljs 8 rg}c}~gl~ ~srfacn* gj`r}g*a gclegm~cal* malu`jg}mgl~* m`cg }~`~g*

rgucaw} ~srfacn  CkH&(# CkK&(# 8 la~ ~srfacn egug



” Glna~avcl ” ajg cl cl~`mgjjwj` }wucu`j ” M`r}wjg &], ~srfc* ], r``~srfc }~`cl}#

” @nfg}cal} ” echoc`j `ln lal(echoc`j

” ^srg CCC }gmg~cal }s}~gh} `ln geegm~a hajgmwjg}&}wucug cl}cng h`marf`kg}#

” Aw~g hgho`lg ra~gcl}

” Ej`kgjj` ”haug ~fawkf cl~g}~cl`j hwmaw}

” Gl~ga~avcl

” Cal m`r~wclk òcjc~s

]`jhalgjj` Ucwjglmg e`m~a}



]`jhalgjj` Clu`}cal



]`jhalgjj`

Mjclcm`j nc}g`}g}Gl~gcm egug}

;(?2 n`s} CREgug k`nw`j ~fgl fckf rj`~g`w* ‚~srfacn`j‘

G`js mal}~cr`~cal* j`~g ojaans nc`fg`]gr~cmghc`}_`rcn c}g ae egug ~fgl }rciclk “}gr~cm‑~ghrg`~wg

Gl~gamajc~c}

Ja{(k`ng egug L`w}g`* uahc~clk* nc`fg`



Nc`kla}c} ae ^srfacn Egug

Ojaan mwj~wg}4 ra}c~cug ~fg 0}~ {ggi % è~g ~fg ?ln {ggi

]~aaj mwj~wg}4 ra}c~cug è~g ~fg ?ln {ggi

[cn`j ~g}~4 jaai ea ` QQQQQQQQQQ c}g cl ~c~g og~{ggl `mw~g `ln malu`jg}mgl~ }~`kg}

02' ae ~fa}g clegm~gn ogmahg }fa~(~gh

m`cg} `ln ` }h`jjg ' ogmahg jalk(~ghm`cg} nwg ~a rg}c}~glmg ae ~fg o`m~gc` cl~fg k`jjoj`nng a wcl`s oj`nng,



]`jhalgjj`

” @l~chcmaoc`j ~fg`rs  Gl~gcm egug} ” mfja`hrfglcmaj w}w`jjs*

`hrcmcjjcl* ~chg~farch(}wje`hg~fav`tajg*

a ~fcn(kglg`~cal mgrf`ja}racl}  _g}c}~`l~ }~`cl} fùg ghgkgn,

  K`}~agl~gc~c} ” w}w`jjs nag} la~ gpwcg `l~chcmaoc`j ~fg`rs

”_grj`mg ja}~ ejwcn} `ln gjgm~ajs~g}



  R}gwnahal`n Kawr

0, R}gwnahal`} `gwkcla}`?, Owifajngc` r}gwnah`jjgc

=, Owifajngc` h`jjgc

>, Owifajngc` mgr`mc`7, ]~gla~arfahal`} h`j~arfcjc`

5, A~fg r}gwnahal`n}

  @MCLGÂO@M^G_  A^FG_ WLMAHHAL K_@H&(#O@M^G_C@

JG@_LCLK AODGM^CUG]



JG@_LCLK AODGM^CUG]

0, Mf``m~gctg ~fg }cklcecm`l~ ak`lc}h wlng R}gwnahal`n kawr,

?, Gvrj`cl ~fg r`~farfs}cajaks ae nc}g`}g} m`w}gn os

}cklcecm`l~ R}gwnahal`n}9=, Nc}~clkwc}f eg`~wg} ae ~fg R}gwnahal`}

`gwkcla}` ea `mmw`~g jòa`~as nc`kla}c}9

>, _gmaklctg ~fgc hgncm`j chrjcm`~cal} ae }cklcecm`l~R}gwnahal`n} ~a rwojcm fg`j~f,

@~ ~fg gln ae ~fc} wlc~* ~fg }~wngl~ c} òjg ~a4



R}gwnahal`n Kawr

  K`h lgk`~cug* ha~cjg* `gaocm an}  ]ahg h`s ranwmg {`~g(}ajwojg

rckhgl~},

  [cngjs nc}~cow~gn cl }acj* {`~g* rj`l~} %`lch`j}

  Mj`}}cecm`~cal c} o`}gn al _L@!NL@fahajaks `ln mahhal mwj~w`j mv,

Mj`}}cecm`~cal ae }ahg hgncm`jjs chra~`l~



s rR}gwnahal`n}4

_L@ Fahajaks

Kawr % }wokawr

Kglw} `ln ]rgmcg}

C, Ejwag}mgl~ KawrLalejwag}mgl~ Kawr

R, `gwkcla}` R, ejwag}mgl} R, rw~cn` R, }~w~tgc

R, hglnamcl`

CC, O, r}gwnah`jjgc O, h`jjgc O, Mmr`mc` _`j}~alc` rcmig~~cc

CCC, Mah`hal`} }rgmcg} @mcnaua`v }rgmcg}

CU, Oguwlnchal`} }rgmcg}

U ]~gla~arfahal`} h`j~arfcjc`



R}gwnahal`} `gwkcla}`

  Majalctg} fwh`l ” KC^ `ln fwh`l }icl

  H`da fwh`l r`~fakgl cl ~fg kawr,

  Clu`}cug `ln ~avckglcm ” M`w}g} clevl `halk rgarjg {c~f òlah`j

fa}~ ngegl}g}

” La}amahc`j r`~fakgl 8 hac}~ glucalhgl~

R}gwnahal`} `gwkcla}`4



R}gwnahal`} `gwkcla}`4 Harfajaks `ln Cnglcecm`~cal

  Ha~cjg K`h &(# o`mcjjc!an &2,5 v ? wh#  @`lkghgl~4 }clkjg* r`c} a }fa~ mf`cl}

  MWJ^W_G4 ” Aojck`~g `gaog `ln ka{} cl ancl`s hgnc` ” Ana4 ]{gg~ !k`rg jcig a mal ~`ma(jcig ” Majals4 }haa~f* awln {! ejwag}mgl~ kgglc}f

maja 9 O@R4 }ahg fghajstg ojaan ” Rckhgl~}4 rsams`lcl &ojwg#9 rsawocl &nì gn#9

rsahgj`lcl &oj`mi rckhgl~#9 rsaugncl &kggl#




R}gwnahal`} `gwkcla}`4 Harfajaks `ln Cnglcecm`~cal

  Ka{~f Mv4 ” Ka{} `~ =;(>?²M

” @ocjc~s ~a ka{ `~ >? ²M* nceeggl~c`~g c~ eah

a~fg ejwag}mgl~ R}gwnahal`} }rr, ” Avcn`}g ra}c~cug

” Na la~ eghgl~ MFA ow~ ha}~ }~`cl} avcnctg

kjwma}g

Avcn`~cal Eghgl~`~cal&A E#hgnc`4



Avcn`~cal(Eghgl~`~cal&A(E#hgnc`4

  Malugl~cal`j Eghgl~`~cal Hgncwh &MEH#{c~f 0' rgr~alg

  Fwkf % Jgce}al–} avcn`~cug(eghgl~`~cug&2,2?' ja{ rgr~alg# hgncwh

  Rclmcrjg4

” â ng~ghclg ~fg avcn`~cug a eghgl~`~cug

hg~òajc}h ae ` mòafsn`~g, ^fg AE ~g}~ c} w}gn~a ng~ghclg {fg~fg ` o`m~gcwh f`} ~fg gltshg}lgmg}}`s ea ~fg `gaocm ogìna{l ae kjwma}g &cgavcn`~cal# `ln!a ea ~fg eghgl~`~cal ae kjwma}g,

Hg~fan



Hg~fan

  Clamwj`~g ~{a ~wog} ae AE hgncwh ea g`mf ak`lc}hogclk ~g}~gn,

  Augj`s alg ~wog aljs {c~f }~gcjg r`èecl

acj!rg~ajgwh dgjjs &u`}r`# ~a gvmjwng `jj avskgl,

  ^wog} `g clmwo`~gn `~ =;M ea >6 f} `ln g}wj~} g`nos la~clk ~fg maja ae ~fg oah~fshaj ojwg clncm`~a,

  Ce kjwma}g c} w}gn* `mcn gln(ranwm~} `g kglg`~gn*

~fg rF c} ja{ggn `ln ~fg oah~fshaj ojwg clncm`~a~wl} sgjja{,

http://whitewolf.newcastle.edu.au/techinfo/med_bacto.html

http://whitewolf.newcastle.edu.au/techinfo/med_bacto.html



Avcn`~cug(Eghgl~`~cal _g`m~cal

  Eghgl~`~cug Ak`lc}h} ” `mcn cl oa~f ~wog}

” eghgl~`~cal ammw} cl mja}gn glucalhgl~

  Avcn`~cug ak`lc}h} ” ak`lc}h} m`l `j}a avcnctg kjwma}g

” Avcn`~cal ammw} cl `l argl glucalhgl~

  Lalavcnctg ” na la~ w~cjctg kjwma}g cl gc~fg ~wog

” ranwmg `ji`jclg g`m~cal



ARGL MJA]GN _G]WJ^

Sgjja{ Kggl

Sgjja{ Sgjja{

Kggl Kggl

}gw ahal`} `gwk la}`4 l kgl m]



k l kgl m]~wm~wg} `ln âvcl}

  @nfg}cl} ” echoc`g &L(hg~fsj(rfglsj`j`lclg rcjc# ” rajs}`mmf`cng m`r}wjg &kjsmam`jsv# ” `jkcl`~g }jchg &ocaecjh#

  Ha~cjc~s!mfgha~`vc} ” ej`kgjj`  O`m~gcamcl &rsamcl#  Gltshg}4

” Gj`}~`}g* ra~g`}g}* ? fghajs}cl} &fg`~ jòcjgrfa}rfajcr`}g M `ln fg`~ }~òjg kjsmajcrcn#  Gva~avcl @ ” ~c}}wg lgma}c} &ojami} MFAL

}sl~fg}c}#  Glna~avcl ” egug* }fami‥,NCM `ln _N]

}gw ahal`} `gwk la}`4 Mjc c j Ec nc



kMjclcm`j Eclnclk}

  [awln `ln owl clegm~cal 8 ojwg kggl rw}  Hglclkc~c} 8 jwho` rwlm~wg  W^C 8 m`~fg~g} `ln a a~fg cl}~whgl~}  Lgma~ctclk rlgwhalc` 8 mal~`hcl`~gn

g}rc`~a}  Hcjn a~c~c} gv~gl` 8 }{chhg} % ncòg~cm r~},  Gsg clegm~cal  R}gwnahal`j }gr}c}

” Gm~fsh` k`lkgla}wh




kNc`kla}~cm Jòa`~as ^g}~

  ]rgmchgl}4 ” ]icl jg}cal}* rw}* wclg* ojaan* }rcl`j ejwcn* }rw~wh* `ln

a~fg}  ]hg`}4

” K`h &(# an}  Mwj~wg4

” O@R `ln nceeggl~c`j hgnc`&H`m# ” H`m Maligs4 LJE

  ]cklcecm`l~ ~g}~4 ” Avcn`}g ~g}~ ” Avcn`~cug Eghgl~`~cal _g`m~cal ” Rckhgl~ ranwm~cal

}gw ahal`} `gwk la}`4 ^_G@^HGL^



k^_G@^HGL^

  ]fawjn la~ og ~g`~gn {c~f }clkjg nwk ~fg`rsogm`w}g,,, ” ]wmmg}} `~g c} }ja{ ” O`m~gc` `rcnjs ngugjar} g}c}~`lmg

  Rglcmcjjcl o`}gn nwk &~cm`mcjjcl a rcrg`mcjjcl#cl mahocl`~cal {c~f `hclakjsma}cng&~ao`hsmcl#

  A~fg}4 `t~gal`h* chcrglgh* lg{g pwclajalg} &Mcraejav`mcl#* Mgrf`ja}racl}&Mge~`tcnchg

  ]w}mgr~cocjc~s ~g}~ }fawjn og nalg



@]]CKLHGL^4

  Hìg ` ~òjg ae mahr`c}al ae ~fg eajja{clkak`lc}h}40, Owifajngc` r}gwnah jjgc

?, Owifajngc` h`jjgc=, Owifajngc` mgr`mc

>, ]~gla~arfahal`} h`j~arfcjc`

O`}g al4 K`h ]~`clclk* Mwj~w`j Mf``m~gc}~cm}*Ha~cjc~s* ka{~f `~ >?* avcn`}g ~g}~* MFA w~cjct`~cal*}rgmcecm ~g}~} ea cngl~cecm`~cal* nc}g`}g m`w}gn



Ucoca}

M`hrsjao`m~g}Fgjcmao`m~g

@~ ~fg gln ae ~fc} wlc~* ~fg }~wngl~ c} òjg ~a4



JG@_LCLK AODGM^CUG]

0, Mf``m~gctg ~fg }cklcecm`l~ ak`lc}h wlng Ucoca* M`hrsjao`m~g* `ln Fgjcmao`m~g,

?, Gvrj`cl ~fg r`~farfs}cajaks ae nc}g`}g}m`w}gn os Ucoca* M`hrsjao`m~g* `lnFgjcmao`m~g,

=, Nc}~clkwc}f eg`~wg} ae ~fg Ucoca*M`hrsjao`m~g* `ln Fgjcmao`m~g ea `mmw`~gjòa`~as nc`kla}c}9

>, _gmaklctg ~fgc hgncm`j chrjcm`~cal} ae }cklcecm`l~ Ucoca* M`hrsjao`m~g* `lnFgjcmao`m~g ~a rwojcm fg`j~f,



^fg Ucoca

  Eawln cl h`clg `ln }we`mg {`~g}

  Mahh`(}f`rgn* mwugn `gaocm an} &?(> wh

jalk# ” Rajalkgn mwj~wg4 }~`ckf~ an}

” Ha~cjg {! raj` ej`kgjjwh

Hgncm`jjs Chra~`l~ Ucoca}



A_K@LC]H FWH@L NC]G@]G

U, mfajg`g }gakawr} a0 `ln

a0=3

Grcnghcm % r`lnghcm

mfajgÙ, mfajg`g }gakawr} lal(a0!lal(a0=3

Mfajg`(jcig nc`fg`9 hcjnnc`fg`9 `gjsgv~`cl~g}~cl`j clevl

U, r``f`ghajs~cmw} K`}~ag~gc~c}* ra}}cojggv~`cl~g}~cl`j clevl

A~fg}4 U, hchcmw}* U, fajjc}`g*U,

ejwuc`jc} U, uwjlcecmw}

U, n`h}gj`* U, `lkclajs~cmw}*

U, hg~}mflciaucc

Nc`fg`

[awln clevl* o`m~gghc`*k`}~agl~gc~c} [awln clevl* o`m~gghc`*G`* {awln* }ae~ ~c}}wg* `ln

a~fg gv~`cl~g}~cl`j clevl

Ucoca mfajg`g



Ucoca mfajg`g Harfajaks `ln Cngl~cecm`~cal

  Hcma}mars4 Kh &(# ha~cjg mahh` }f`rg an}  Mwj~wg4

” malugv* }haa~f* awln majalcg} ~f`~ `g ar`pwg `lnk`lwj`,

  Avcn`}g ra}c~cug  Ka{ og}~ `~ =;²M al ^MO] &^fca}wje`~g(mc~`~g(

ocjg(}wma}g# `k` 8 sgjja{ majalcg}

  Ka{ `~ ugs fckf rF &6,7(3,7# 8 icjjgn os `mcn  Glnghcm `g`}4 gpwcg} ncgm~ mwj~wg ae }~aaj ” ^MO] ” }gjgm~cug hgncwh ” @R[ ” glcmfhgl~ hgncwh

Ucoca mfajg`g



Ucoca mfajg`g Harfajaks `ln Cngl~cecm`~cal

  Ka{~f Mf``m~gc}~cm}4 ” Eghgl~} }wma}g `ln h`lla}g ow~ la~

`òcla}g

” Ra}c~cug avcn`}g ~g}~ c} ~fg igs }~gr

” Ucoca} `g }w}mgr~cojg ~a mahrawln A!0?3 &?*>(nc`hcla(5*;(ncc}ararsjr~gcnclg rfa}rf`~g# 8

nceeggl~c`~g} ~fgh ~a `gahal`} &g}c}~`l~# ” Ha}~ `g F`ja~ajg`l~ &L`Mj }~chwj`~g} ~fgc

ka{~f#  Ka{~f al 5' L`mj 8 ncee ucoca eah `gahal`}

Ucoca mfajg`g



Ucoca mfajg`g @l~ckglcm ]~wm~wg % Ocajakcm Mj`}}cecm`~cal

  H`ls ucoca} f`} ` }clkjg fg`~(jòcjg ej`kgjj` &F# `l~ckgl 8 raajs chhwlakglcm

  Mal~`cl} A JR] 8 }gajakcm }rgmcecmc~s

” @~ jg`}~ 0=3 A `l~ckgl} ila{l ” ]~`cl} ~f`~ mal~`cl A0 `ln A0=3 8 mj`}}cmmfajg`

” Lal(A0!lal(A0=3 8 mfajg` jcig n}g

  U, Mfajg`g }gakawr A0 f`} ng~ghcl`l~}ea ew~fg ~srclk4 ” Ak`{`* Clò`* Fciadch`

Ucoca mfajg`g




  ? Oca~srg} ae Grcnghcm U, mfajg`g 4 ” Gj â ” &`kkjw~cl`~g} mfcmigl _OM* fghajs~cm*

UR )* Rajshsvcl g}c}~`l~#

” Mj`}}cm`j ( &arra}c~g ae Gj â#

  U, mfajg`g A0=3 c} ugs }chcj` ~a U,mfajg`g A0 Gj â oca~srg

Ucoca mfajg`g




  U, Mfajg`g % gj`~gn Ucoca} ” Ranwmg} fg`~ jòcjg gl~ga~avcl &@ % O

}wowlc~}#

” @ }wowlc~ m`w}g} Ì jgugj ae m@HR 8fsrg}gmg~cal ae {`~g `ln gjgm~ajs~g}

” Nc`fg` &?2(=2 J# 8 ngfsn`~cal* }fami*`mcna}c}* `ln ng`~f,

Ucoca mfajg`g



o a m a g `gR`~fakglg}c} % R`~fajaks

  U, Mfajg`g c} r`~fakglcm aljs ea fwh`l}

  Lah`j k`}~cm `mcnc~s ” lggn < 0202 a hag U, Mfajg`g cl {`~g ~a

ogmahg clegm~gn 8 Ak`lc}h c} }w}mgr~cojg ~a`mcn

” : 02? ” 0a> ak`lc}h cl eaan 8 oweegclk

m`r`mc~s ae eaan ” Hgncm`~cal a malnc~cal ~f`~ ngmg`}g}

}~ah`mf `mcnc~s 8 rgnc}ra}g} ` rg}al ~amfajg`

Ucoca mfajg`g



R`~fakglg}c} % R`~fajaks

  Mfajg` ” lal(clu`}cug clevl &( ojaan}~g`h#

” }!}4 l`w}g`* uahc~clk* raew}g nc`fg` %

ònahcl`j m`hr} ” _cmg {`~g }~aaj4 hwmw}* grc~fgjc`j mgjj}* `ln ì

la ae ucoca}

” Gj â m`w}g} hcjng nc}g`}g ~f`l mj`}}cmoca~srg,

Ucoca mfajg`g



Ucoca mfajg`g Nc`kla}c}4

  ]RGMCHGL4 hwmw} eah }~aaj  ]HG@_4 Kh &(# mahh` }f`rg an}

” Nì ecgjn a rf`}g mal~`}~ hcma}mars 8

ha~cjc~s  MWJ^W_G4

” _`rcn ka{~f cl rgr~alg `k`* O@R {! rF 3*

^MO] ” ^MO] ” }gg ~srcm`j majalcg}

Ucoca mfajg`g



o a m a g `g^g`~hgl~4

  [`~g `ln gjgm~ajs~g grj`mghgl~

  A`j ~g~`msmjclg ” La~g4 }ahg U, Mfajg`g `mpwcgn g}c}~`lmg

`jg`ns &~`l}hc}}cojg rj`}hcn}#

Ucoca r``f`ghajs~cmw}* Ucoca uwjlcecmw}



U, R``f`gha js~cmw}

U, uwjlcecmw} U, mfajg`g

F`jarfcjcm Sg} &02'# Sg} &7'# La &f`ja~ajg`l~aljs#

Nc}g`}g k`}~agl~gc~c} ]gugg {awln clegm~calO`m~gghc`Ra}}cojg k`}~agl~gc~c}

Mfajg`

M`w}g Clkg}~cal ae mal~`hcl`~gn}gèaan}

Clegm~gn as}~g Mal~`hcl`~gneaan % {`~g

^MO] Kggl majalcg} Ojwg kggl majalcg} Sgjja{

Avcn`}g ra}c~cug ra}c~cug ra}c~cugI`l`k`{`~g}~&f`ghajs}cl#

) &ng~gm~r`~fakglcm

}~`cl#

( (

M@HRSJAO@M^G_



M@HRSJAO@M^G_

  M`hrsjao`m~g dgdwlc

  M`hrsjao`m~g majc

  K`h &(# an} {c~f mahh`* ]* a ‚kwjj({clk‘ }f`rg}

  Ha~cjg {! }clkjg raj` ej`kgjjwh

FWH@L R@^FAKGL]8NC@__FG@

M`hrsjao`m~g dgdwlc % M, Majc



rs d dJòa`~as Nc`kla}c}4

  ]RGMCHGL4 ]ÂAJ  ]HG@_4 ‚kwjj({clk‘ }f`rgn an}

  MWJ^W_G4 ” ]gjgm~gcug hgnc` c} w}gn

  ]ica{‑} hgncwh &{! U`lmahsmcl* rajshsvcl O*

~chg~farch# 8 Majajg}} a k`s* h`sog {`~gs a }rg`nclk

” Clmwo`~gn `~ gnwmgn `~ha}rfgcm Avskgl &7' A?#{! 02' MA? 8 `l`gaocm clmwo`~cal d`

” ^ghrg`~wg ea clmwo`~cal4 >?²M

  Rgugl~ ka{~f ae gl~gcm o`m~gc`

M`hrsjao`m~g dgdwlc % M majc



M`hrsjao`m~g dgdwlc % M, majc

  Mjclcm`jjs Clnc}~clkwc}fòjg  M`~`j`}g % avcn`}g ra}c~cug

  Na la~ avcnctg % eghgl~ MFA

M`hrsjao`m~g dgdwlc % M, Majc



rs d dR`~fakglg}c}

  Ucwjglmg E`m~a4 ” JR] {! glna~avcm `m~cuc~s ” ms~ar`~fcm ~avcl `ln gl~ga~avcl

  HA^4 a`j aw~g eah mal~`hcl`~gn eaan % {`~g

  Ak`lc}h hwj~crjcg} cl ]C clu`ng grc~fgjcwhclej`hh`~cal om * {om cl }~aaj ” ]ahg~chg} ojaan}~g`h c} clu`ngn

  }!}4 m`hrs ònahcl`j r`cl* raew}g nc`fg` {!ojaan* fg`n`mfg* h`j`c}g % egug

  ]gje(jchc~clk &7(6 n`s}#  ]w}mgr~cojg ~a gs~fahsmcl

FGJCMAO@M^G_



FGJCMAO@M^G_

  Fgjcmao`m~g rsjac ” @kgl~ ae `l~`j k`}~c~c}* nwangl`j rgr~cm

wjmg* k`}~cm wjmg % k`}~cm m`mclah`

  Mf``m~gc}~cm}4 ” ]rc`j }f`rgn hcma`garfcjcm k`h &(# an ” Hw~crjg ej`kgjj` `~ alg rajg ” m`l‑~ ka{ `~ >?M ” Avcn`}g `ln m`~`j`}g ra}c~cug9 lc~`~g &(# ” ]~alk ranwmg ae wg`}g

Fgjcmao`m~g rsjac



rsR`~fakglg}c}

  F, rsjac ka{} `~ rF 5,2( ;,2  Ncg} cl rF {c~fcl ~fg k`}~cm jwhgl

  F,rsjac ~fcug} nggr cl ~fg grc~fgjc`j}we`mg &}wc~òjg rF#

  F,rsjac ranwmg} ra~g`}g % wg`}g

  O`m~gc` clu`ng ~fg grc~fgjc`j }we`mggjg`}g} ~avcl} `ln JR] n`h`kg ~fghwma}`j mgjj}

Jòa`~as Nc`kla}c}



Jòa`~as Nc`kla}c}

  HCM_A]MARS4 ” ]rgmc`j }cjug }~`cl a Hancecgn Kcgh}` 8

}rc`jgn ak`lc}h

  MWJ^W_G4 ” al }gjgm~cug hgnc` `~ =;´M* cl ` hcma`garfcjcm

`~ha}rfgg

  OCAMFGH4 ” }fa{ }~alk % ugs `rcn wg` ranwm~cal

NC@KLA]C]



NC@KLA]C]

  Ojaan 8 ng~ghcl`~cal ae }gwh`l~coancg}

  ]~aaj `l~ckgl ~g}~}

  Mòal wg` og`~f ~g}~  Glna}mars &~a raucng ` ocar}s }`hrjg ea

~g}~clk ea4#

  ‚`rcn wg`}g ~g}~/

  fc}~ajaks

  hcmaoc`j mwj~wg

MFGHA^FG_@RS



MFGHA^FG_@RS

  ^crjg ~fg`rs ” Hg~alcn`tajg ) oc}hw~f }wo}`jcmsj`~g a

oc}hw~f }womc~`~g ) `havsmcjjcl a

~g~`msmjclg ” 0> n`s}

  @mcn }wrrg}}clk `kgl~ kcugl >(5 {i} ”

wjmg fg`jclk  Ra~al rwhr clfcoc~a ” ncgm~js clfcoc~} F,

rsjac `ln clfcoc~} wg`}g ranwm~cal



F`gharfcjw}* Oan`~gjj`*

Owmgjj`* % E`lmc}gjj`

C F`gharfcjw} ]rgmcg}4



C, F`gharfcjw} ]rgmcg}4

  Rjgaharfcm K`h lgk`~cug mammao`mcjjc

Mwj~wg  _gpwcg} glcmfgn hgnc` &ojaan!ojaan ranwm~}#

  C_4 =7²M a =;²M {! 7(02' MA?

  ]rgmcg}4 ” F, clejwglt`g ~srg o

” F, nwmgsc

F`gharfcjw} ]rgmcg}4



  Ojaan jauclk

  Ka{~f _gpwcghgl~4 ” Fghcl ! fgh`~cl

  Fg`~ }~òjg  _gjg`}gn nwclk fghakjaocl ngk`n`~cal

” Lcma~cl`hcng(`nglclg nclwmjga~cng &L@N#  Fg`~ jòcjg  Ranwmgn os mg~`cl o`m~gc` % sg`}~ a

gvakglaw} }awmg} &ra~`~a a sg`}~gv~`m~}#

F`gharfcjw} ]rgmcg}4

C]AJ@^CAL ae F`gharfcjw}4



C]AJ@^CAL ae F`gharfcjw}4

  ]O@ ” la~ gmahhglngn ea ~fg c}aj`~cal F,clejwglt`g ” Nwg ~a c~} gpwcghgl~ ea L@N

” ]fggr _OM gjg`}g} L@N`}g ” Gvmgr~4 {! majalcg} ae ]~`rfsjamammc &ka{#

  Og}~4 Fa}g a _òoc~ ojaan ” Rgegòjs4 Mfamaj`~g `k` ” Fg`~clk _OM ~a `~ jg`}~ 62²M ” â gjg`}g fgh`~cl





?, Fa}g ojaan(o`mc~`mcl `k` ” O`mc~`mcl4 clfcoc~} ~fg LE ” Ao}gug ea fghajsc~m g`m~cal} &F, f`ghajs~cmw}

% r``f`ghajs~cmw}#

=, Jgucl~f`j `k`

” Mjg` hgncwh mal~`clclk V % U e`m~a}

” Glm`r}wj`~gn F, clejwglt`g `rrg`} ccng}mgl~ ” Lal(glm`r}wj`~gn }~`cl `rrg` `} ~`l}r`gl~*

ojwc}f % lalccng}mgl~,



>, w}g ae V `ln U E`m~a} ” Rwra}g4

  ]rgmc`~cal ae F`gharfcjw} &o`}c}4 V `ln U#

” Rclmcrjg4  W}g HF `k`

  ^g}~ ea V % U gpwcghgl~}

  Mfgmi ea ka{~f

  _G]WJ^] % CL^G_R_G^@^CAL4



F`gharfcjw} }rr VU V U Fghajs}c}

&O@R#

Clejwgltg &F, `gksr~cw}# ) ( ( (r``clejwglt`g ) ( ) (

f`ghajs~cmw} ) ( ( )

r``f`ghajs~cmw} ) ( ) )

nwmgsc ) ) ( (



7, Ngj~`(`hclajguwjclcm `mcn ~g}~

&@J@ rarfscl ~g}~#

” Ng~ghclg ~fg gpwcghgl~ ea V e`m~a

” F, r``clejwglt`g `g @J@ ra}c~cug &nag} la~ gpwcg

gvakglaw} V e`m~a#  ra}}g}} ~fg lt ~a malug~ @J@ ~a rarfaocjclakgl %rarfscl ~a fghcl &V e`m~a#

” ]rgmcg} ~f`~ gpwcg gvakglaw} V e`m~a }wmf `} F,

clejwglt`g `g @J@ lgk`~cug

R`~fakglgmc~s ae F`gharfcjw} }rgmcg} &Nc}g`}g}#



&Nc}g`}g}#

]rgmcg} Nc}g`}g

F, clejwglt`g m`r}wj`~gn Hglclkc~c}* ~fc~c}* a}~gahsgjc~c}*

&h`cljs ~srg `* o# mgjjwjc~c}* grckja~~c~c}* o`m~gghc`

F, clejwglt`g lal( Gv`mgo`~cal} ae mfalcm oalmfc~c}*

m`r}wj`~gn }clw}c~c}* a~c~c} hgnc`* a~fg},

F, `gksr~cw} Maldwlm~cuc~c}

F, nwmgsc Mf`lmacn &]gvw`jjs ^`l}hc~~gn#

F, r``clejwglt`g Mahhgl}`j} ae ~fg wrrg

F, F`ghajs~cmw} _g}rc`~as ~`m~9 `gjs

F, R``f`ghajs~cmw} M`w}g nc}g`}g clchhwlamahrahc}gn r`~cgl~}

F`gharfcjw} clejwglt`g



  Fòc~`~4 ” W_^ ae fwh`l} &lalglm`r}wj`~gn }~`cl}#

  Ha}~ chra~`l~ r`~fakglcm }rgmcg}4 ” hglclkc~c} &mfcjngl# % _^C cl mfcjngl %

`nwj~}  Mf``m~gc}~cm}40, K`h ” lgk`~cug mammao`mcjjc?, Ka{} al mfamaj`~g `k` &}haa~f nar jcig majalcg}#

=, Lggn} V `ln U e`m~a} ea ka{~f al lw~cgl~ k` >, ]fa{} }`~gjjg~c}h lg` ]~`rfsjammamw} `wgw}

majalcg}7, ]fa{} rjgaharfc}h eah mjclcm j }rgmchgl}5, Ncucngn cl~a M`r}wj`~gn `ln Lal(m`r}wj`~gn }~`cl},

F`gharfcjw} clejwglt`g Glm`r}wj`~gn ]~`cl}



r r

`# M`r}wjg c} h`ng ae Rajs}`mmf`cng}o# C~ c} `l~ckglcm

m# C~ clmg`}g} ~fg r`~fakglgmc~s ae }~`cl}

n# Rgugl~} rf`kams~a}c}

g# 5 ]ga~srg} ` o m n g e

e# Cngl~cecgn ~fawkf ^SRCLK



F,clejwglt`g clu`}cug Clegm~cal}



Clmjwng4

`# Hglclkc~c}o# Grcja~~c~c}m# Mgjjwjc~c}n# @~fc~c}

g# A}~gahsgjc~c}

  W}w`jjs `mmahr`lcgn {c~f o`m~gc`ghc`

  W}w`jjs m`w}gn os ~srg o  H`da ucwjglmg e`m~a c} rajs}`mmf`cng m`r}wjg}  @eegm~} mfcjngl og~{ggl 7 hal~f} ~a 7 sg`},  Cle`l~} wlng `kg = hal~f} &h`~gl`j CkK

]rgmchgl} ngrgln} al ~fg ~srg ae nc}g`}g}



r r sr

`, M]E

o, Ojaan

m, ]rw~wh

n, ]{ò

g, ]slauc`j ejwcn

  Ncgm~ }hg` }fa{} rw} mgjj ) rjgaharfcm KL

mammao`mcjjc

  Mwj~wg al mfamaj`~g `k`  ng~gm~cal ea rg}glmg ae m`r}wj` `l~ckgl} os

`kkjw~cl`~cal

Chhwlct`~cal



  G`js rgr``~cal} mal}c}~} ae rwcecgn ~srg o

rajs}`mmf`cng u`mmclg}, Ow~ eawln la~ ~a og

geegm~cug cl mfcjngl ↝ 06 hal~f} ajn,

  F`gharfcjw} o maldwk`~g &FoAM# u`mmclg {fcmfmal}c}~ ae rajs}`mmf`cng mahoclgn {c~f alg a ~{a m`cg hajgmwjg4 ” FoAM {! ra~gcl m`cg M_H03; hw~`l~ M, ncrf~fgc`g

~avcl ra~gcl9 a L, hglclkc~cnc} aw~g hgho`lg mahrjgv

” ^fc} u`mmclg c} ra~gm~cug ea mfcjngl sawlkg ~f`l ?

sg`},

^g`~hgl~



`# @hrcmcjjcl &`havsmcjjcl# ce la~ ο j`m~`h`}g Ranwmg$ ο j`m~`h`}g ranwmg c~ ng}~as `hrcmcjjcl `ln

`havsmcjjcl

o# Mgrf`ja}racl}

m# Mgea~`vchg &cl~ùglaw} ea gvmgjjgl~ ~g`~hgl~#

n# Mfghararfsj`vc}4 Mal~`m~} ae r`~cgl~ {c~f F,

clejwglt`g ~srg o clegm~cal m`l og kcugl _ce`hrcmcl

ea > n`s} `} rarfsj`vc},

A~fg F`gharfcjw} }rr,



  F`gharfcjw} gksr~cw}

” Maldwlm~cuc~c}* O`tcjc`lrwrwcm egug

  F`gharfcjw} rfarfcjw}

” Clegm~cug glnam`ncn~c} %

rlgwhalc`  F`gharfcjw} nwmgsc

” M`w}g} }ae~ mf`lmg

” _gpwcg} V e`m~a aljs

  F`gharfcjw} f`ghajs~cmw} ” _gpwcg} V % U

” Hìgnjs fghajs~cmak`lc}h

  F`ghafcjw} r``clejwglt`g

” _gpwcg} U e`m~a aljs

” Clegm~cug glnam`nc~c} %wg~fc~c}

  F`gharfcjw} }wc} ” Nc}g`}g} cl fak}

  F`gharfcjw} f`ghakjaoclarfcjw}

” _gpwcg} V e`m~a ” Eawln cl nak} ow~ la~

fwh`l}

^fg Oan`~gjj`g



^fg Oan`~gjj`g

O, rg~w}}c} ” m`w}g} [FAARCLK MAWKF

O, r``rg~w}}c} ” m`w}g} ` hcjng eah ae

{faarclk mawkf,

O, Oalmfc}gr~cm` &O, oalmfcm`lc}# ” m`w}g}

igllgj mawkf cl nak}* }lweejg} cl òoc~}9

rg~w}}c} jcig cjjlg}} cl fwh`l}

O, ùcwh ” m`w}g} ~wigs mast` {! la fwh`l

clegm~cal,

Oan`~gjj` rg~w}}c}



Oan`~gjj` rg~w}}c}

Hcma}mars4

  ]h`jj KL mamao`mcjjc  F`} ` ocraj` hg~`mfah`~cm k`lwjg} }ggl cl ~ajwcnclg

ojwg }~`cl

  Glm`r}wj`~gn

Mwj~wg4

  Oang~(Kglkaw hgncwh {! Rglcmcjjcl K

  Clmwo`~gn `~ =7(=;M ea =(; n`s} cl hac}~ glucalhgl~  lal(ha~cjg

  ]~cm~ `gaog}9 eah} `mcn ow~ la~ k`} eah kjwma}g %j`m~a}g

Oan`~gjj` rg~w}}c}



  Ra}}g}}4 ” fg`~ }~òjg glna~avcl JR]

” Gva~avcl}4

  Ecj`hgl~aw} fgh`kkjw~clcl   Rg~w}}c} ~avcl ! @nglsj`~g msmj`}g ~avcl4   ^`mfg`j ms~a~avcl   Nghalgma~cm ~avcl

R`~fakglg}c}



  Lal clu`}cug nc}g`}g &na la~ m`w}g o`m~gghc`#

  Fwh`l `g ~fg aljs l`~w`j fa}~  Clmwo`~cal rgcan 0(? {ggi}

  Clc~c`j }~`kg4 majalct`~cal ae mcjc`~gn grc~fgjcwh ae ~fg oalmfc `ln ~`mfg`,

  Ranwm~cal ae ms~a~avcl {fcmf r``js}g} mcjc`

  Ranwm~cal ae rg~w}}c} ~avcl

  M`l `j}a rgnc}ra}g ~a }gmaln`soalmfarlgwhalc`,

RG_^W]]C]



  = ]~`kg}

M`~`f`j ( hcjn mawkfclk `ln }lggtclk

$ R`~cgl~ fckfjs clegm~caw} ow~ la~ ugs cjj

Ràvs}h`j ” gvrja}cug mawkfclk {! cl}rc}}`~as {faar ” Marcaw} `h~ ae hwmw} là{gn grckja~~c} {faar

” mawkf cl~gegg} {c~f }{`jja{clk

” ]{`jja{clk hwmw} h`s clnwmg uahc~clk ngfsn`~cal

” Fsravc` nwclk rajalkgn `~~`mi} h`s jg`n ~a }gctwg* fsravcmglmgrf`jar`~fs a mah`,



  Malu`jg}mgl~ ( mawkf grc}ang} }ja{js

ngmg`}g `ln k`nw`j gmaugs aug =(05 {ggi}

  ]gmaln`s mahrjcm`~cal}4

” Rlgwhalc`

” a~c~c} hgnc`

” gm~`j raj`r}g

” hglclka(glmgrf`jc~c}

J@OA_@Â_S NC@KLA]C]4



J@OA_@Â_S NC@KLA]C]4  ]RGMCHGL4 }`jclg l`}`j {`}f &og}~#

” l`}arf`slkg`j }{ò} `ln ‚mawkf rj`~g‘

  Ncgm~ Ejwag}mgl~ @l~coans &E@# ^g}~ ” W}gewj cl cngl~cesclk O, rg~w}}c} è~g mwj~wg al }ajcn

hgnc`  MWJ^W_G4

” Oang~(Kglkaw hgncwh

  CNGL^CECM@^CAL4 E@^!NE@ a }jcng `kkjw~cl`~cal{! }rgmcecm `l~c}gwh

  RM_

Mwj~wg Hgnc`4 Hclw~g majalcg} ka{ aug =(> n`s}



  Oang~(Kglkaw @k`

” rg`j jcig mjw}~g} }wawlngn os ` talg ae fghajs}c}

  Dalg}(Iglncmf Mf`ma`j @k`

” Ea ~`l}ra~`~cal `ln mwj~cu`~cal

  _gk`l(Ja{g @k` ” ^`l}ra~ % }gjgm~cug hgncwh

” F`je }~glk~f mf`ma`j `k` hgncwh {c~f fa}g ojaan %mge`jgvcl,

  ]~gclg ]mfaj~g @k`

” ]gjgm~cug hgncwh

^_G@^HGL^ % MAL^_AJ4



]`lc~`~cal4 ^fc} ugs mal~`kcaw} nc}g`}g gpwcg}pw``l~clg ea ` rgcan ae >(5 {ggi},

  Chhwlajakcm`j4 Rg~w}}c} u`mmclg /NR^/

  Mfgha~fg`rgw~cm4 ” G_S^F_AHSMCL4 gnwmg }shr~ah} {fgl kcugl g`js (

m`~`f`j }~`kg &ec}~ {ggi ae cjjlg}}#,

” fa}rc~`jct`~cal ea }wrra~cug m`g `ln h`l`kghgl~ ae mawkfclk ràvs}h}* `rlg`* ms`la}c}* eggnclk nceecmwj~cg}*`ln a~fg mahrjcm`~cal} }wmf `} rlgwhalc`,

U`mmcl`~cal



0, = cldgm~cal} ae rg~w}}c} u`mmclg

&0}~ s ae jceg# oaa}~g

?, Kcug Cl~`hw}mwj`js `} r`~ ae ~fg ^crjgU`mmclg NR^

N 8 NCR^FG_C@

R 8 RG_^W]]C]

^ 8 ^G^@LW]

^FG O_WMGJJ@G



  Aojck`~g r``}c~g ae `lch`j} `ln fwh`l}

&cl~`mgjjwj`js#]rgmcg}4

” Owmgjj` hgjc~gl}c}

” Owmgjj` }wc}

” Owmgjj` òa~w}

” Owmgjj` m`lc }

  NL@ }~wncg} raugn ~f`~ ~fgg c} aljs 0}rgmcg} cl ~fg Kglw}* Owmgjj` hgjc~gl}c} * {!hwj~crjg ocau`}

Harfajaks % Cngl~cecm`~cal



  ^srcm`j Ak`lc}h}4

” ]fa~ KL mammao`mcjj`s eah} ” @gaocm* lal(ha~cjg % lal(}rgeahclk

  MWJ^W_G4

” Glcmfgn hgnc`4 }h`jj* malugv* }haa~f majalcg}  Ka{~f Mv4

” Mahrjgv lw~c~cal`j gpwcghgl~}

” @hcla `mcn}* uc~`hcl}* }`j~} % kjwma}g

” Ka{} cl `hocgl~ `c gvmgr~ O, òa~w}

” M`~`j`}g % avcn`}g &)#9 ]ahg `g F?] ranwmg}

” _gnwmg lc~`~g} ~a lc~c~g}

@l~ckglcm ]~wm~wg}



k

  F`t`naw} ak`l}c}h rgeahgn aljscl gegglmg rwojcm fg`j~f jò {! ocajakcm}èg~s mòclg~},

  E`mwj~`~cug cl~`mgjjwj` ak  JR] glna~avcl cl ~fg mgjj {`jj

  Mgjj {`jj `lc~kgl} ” @ % H

NC]G@]G]4



 

H`j~` egug* Wlnwj`l~ egug* O`lk Nc}g`}g*Owmgjja}c}

” 0 ( = {ggi clmwo`~cal

” cl~gegg} {c~f rf`kams~a}c} os clfcoc~clk ew}cal

” `jja{} ea cl~`mgjjwj` grjcm`~cal

” JR] glna~avcl ( nc}}ghcl`~gn cl ojaan

R`~fakglg}c} % R`~fajaks



  _aw~g} ae clegm~cal4

” cl~g}~cl`j ~`m~ ” Hwmaw} hgho`lg

” ]icl

Ak`lc}h gl~g} KC^ jshrf`~cm mf`llgj} %gkcal`j JL ~fa`mcm nwm~ ojaan}~g`h nc}~cow~gn ~a ~fg r`glmfsh`~aw} ak`l}

$ K`lwjah` eah`~cal cl jshrf`~cm ~c}}wg* jcug*}rjggl* oalg hà{ % a~fg _G]

]gugc~s ae nc}g`}g4



s

  O, òa~w} ” hcjn nc}g`}g {!a }wrrw`~cugmahrjcm`~cal} % lal(m`}g`~clk k`lwjah`} ae _G]

  O, m`lc} ” hcjn nc}g`}g  O, }wc} ” mfalcm % }wrrw`~cug jg}cal} {!

m`}g`~clk k`lwjah`}

  O, hgjc~gl}c} ” hag `mw~g % }gugg

Jòa`~as Nc`kla}c}4



s k

  ]rgmchgl}4 Ojaan mwj~wg* ocar}s* }gwh  Mwj~wg4 Owmgjj` `k`

” Ocrf`}cm ojaan mwj~wg hgnc` &7(02' MA?# ea

=2 n`s} a cl M`}~`lgn` hgncwh ” Oalg hà{ % ojaan 8 Owmgjj` `g ha}~ c}aj`~gn

” ~cls KL mammao`mcjjc 9 m`~`j`}g* avcn`}g* MW@ &)# _gegglmg jò &F?]* nsg clfcoc~cal*

`kkjw~cl`~cal os }g`#  ]gajaks4 @kkjw~cl`~cal ~g}~ % Ojamiclk

@l~coancg}

Nsg ]gl}c~cuc~s ^g}~4



s s

  ^fcalclg % Ewmf}cl ~a nceeggl~c`~g ~fg >}rgmcg}, ” Owmgjj` òa~w} ” ~fcalclg &]#9 Ewmf}cl &_#

” Owmgjj` }wc} ” ~fcalclg &_# 9 ewmf}cl &]# ” O, m`lc} ” ~fcalclg &_# 9 ewmf}cl &]#

” O, hgjc~gl}c} ” ~fcalclg &_# 9 ewmf}cl &_#

^g`~hgl~ `ln rgugl~cal



  ^g`~hgl~4” ^g~`msmjclg a @hrcmcjjcl

” _GMAHHGLNGN4 Rajalkgn % mahocl`~cal ~fg`rs

  ]~gr~ahsmcl `ln ` ~g~`msmjclg

 

Cl~`mgjjwj` jam`~cal ae ~fg ak`lc}h

  Rgugl~cal4” R`}~gwct`~cal

” Pw``l~clg ~g}~clk `ln u`mmcl`~cal ae `lch`j}

” M`gewj f`lnjclk ae `lch`j}

” w}g ae ocaf`t`n faan

E`lmc}gjj` ~wj`gl}c}



  Eawln cl `lch`j g}guac   ^`l}hc}}cojg ~a fwh`l} ~fw4

” Oc~clk `~faran}

” Ncgm~ mal~`m~ ~a clegm~gn `lch`j ~c}}wg ” Clf`j`~cal ae `ga}aj}

” Clkg}~cal ae mal~`hcl`~gn eaan % {`~g

  Nc}g`}g m`w}gn4 ^WJ@_GHC@

E`lmc}gjj` ~wj`gl}c}



E`lmc}gjj` ~wj`gl}c}  La }rag* % lal(ha~cjg  Glm`r}wj`~gn KL rjgaharfcm mammao`mcjjc

  @gaocm ~a e, `l`gaocm

  Ocamfghcm`jjs cl`m~cug  Ocajakcm`j {g`ral4 gv~ghgjs clu`}cug %

clegm~caw} &`ga}aj ~`l}hc}}cal#

  Ocaf`t`n = ” }èg~s hg`}wg}

Mjc c j Nc



  Mjclcm`j Nc}g`}g

” Wjmgakj`lnwj` &;2(62'# ( mal~`hcl`~gn oc~g}  ^WJ@_GHC@ a _@OOC^ EGUG_

” Kj`lnwj` &?(0?'# ( ncgm~ mal~`m~

” Amwjakj`lnwj` &0(?'# ( ncgm~ mal~`m~ ” Aarf`slkg`j &?(>'# ( mal~`hcl`~gn eaan

” ^srfacn`j &;(0>'# ( mal~`hcl`~gn eaan

” Rgcoalmfc`j clej`hh`~cal % Rlgwhalc` &6(0='# (`ga}aj}

Jòa`~as Nc`kla}c}



  ]RGMCHGL4

” wjmg }m`rclk* jshrf lang ocar}s* }rw~wh* % }gwh

  HCM_A]MARS4

” ~cls* k`h &(# mammao`mcjjw} ”

  MWJ^W_G4

” }ja{ ka{g wljg}} ka{l al }rgmc`j hgnc`  Kjwma}g Ms}~clg Ojaan @k` &hg~`jjcm k`s* hwmacn#  ]wrrjghgl~gn Mf`ma`j(Sg`}~ @k`   Oweeggn Mf`ma`j Sg`}~ @k`



  ]G_AJAKS4” _c}g cl @o ~c~g

” Ejwag}mgl~ `l~coans cngl~cecm`~cal

” GJC]@

  ^_G@^HGL^4



” ]~gr~ahsmcl a Kgl~`hcmcl ” ^g~`msmjclg

  R_GUGL^CAL4

” Ao}gug }èg~s hg`}wg} {fgl f`lnjclk`lch`j}

” Maai hg`~ ~faawkfjs ” Chhwlct`~cal {! jcug `~~glw`~gn }~`cl}

`halk jò rg}allgj,

Sg}clc` % R`}~gwgjj`



Sg}clc` % R`}~gwgjj`]fa~* Rjgaharfcm K`h lgk`~cug _an}

Gvfcoc~ ocraj` }~`clclk

M`~`j`}g &)#9 Avcn`}g &(#Hcma`garfcjcm a e`mwj~`~cug `l`gaog}

Taala~cm9 m`w}g} }gcaw} nc}g`}g cl fwh`l}

Sg}clc` rg}~c}



  @kgl~ ae rj`kwg  Rj`kwg ” clegm~cal ae {cjn angl~}

” _angl~} ~a fwh`l} os oc~g} ae ejg`}

  Mf``m~gc}~cm}4 ” KLO ~f`~ gvfcoc~} }~ciclk ocraj` }~`clclk ” Lal(ha~cjg ” E`mwj~`~cug `l`gaog} ” Ka{ `rcnjs cl hgnc` mal~`clclk ojaan a ~c}}wg

ejwcn} &=2²M#

Sg}clc` rg}~c}



  @l~ckglcm ]~wm~wg ” Ra}}g}} JR] {! glna~avcm `m~cuc~s

” @l~crf`kams~cm rarg~s4 glugjarg mal~`clclkMFAL &e`m~cal C#

” U([ `l~ckgl}

” ;? io rj`}hcn

  GLTSHG]4 ” Ranwmg ma`kwj`}g `~ ?6² M

Sg}clc`



  Sg}clc` gl~gamajc~cm` ” _angl~} % e`h `lch`j} `} g}guac ” HA^4 Clkg}~cal ae mal~`hcl`~gn {`~g }wrrjcg}*

wlr`}~gwctgn hcji* mal~`hcl`~gn eaan

” ]rg`n eah rg}al(rg}al c} ra}}cojg

  Sg}clc` rg}~c}

” _angl~} % ~fgc ejg` ” g}guac ” HA^4 Ejg` oc~g a f`lnjclk ae clegm~gn `lch`j

  Rlgwhalc` ” ~`l}hc~~gn eah rg}al ~a rg}al



 

KGLG_@J MF@_@M^G_C]^CM]4

  K`h lgk`~cug rjgaharfcm mammao`mcjjc*

ocraj` }~`clclk

  Lal(ha~cjg* e`mwj~`~cug `l`gaog

  Ka{} al M@R `ln O@R

  Avcn`}g `ln m`~`j`}g ra}c~cug

MJCLCM@J ]SLN_AHG

R jj j cn



  R`}~gwgjj` hwj~amcn`

” H`s jg`n ~a hag }gcaw} }s}~ghcm nc}g`}g cl cle`l~} `ln gjngjs a a~fg chhwlamahrahc}gn fa}~

  Rlgwhalc`  Ghrsgh`  Jwlk ò}mg}}  âl}cjjc~c}  Hglclkc~c}



HC]MGJJ@LGAW]K_@H LGK@^CUG O@MCJJC

Jgkcalgjj`g* O`~algjj`* K`nlggjj` % ]~gr~ao`mcjjw}

Jgkcalgjj` rlgwharfcj`



  H`da m`w}g ae nc}g`}g cl fwh`l}  [cngjs rwojcmctgn aw~ogì ae rlgwhalc`cl Rfcj`ngjrfc` &@hgcm`l Jgkcal malugl~cal#

  Jgkcall`cg} nc}g`}g   Ral~c`m Egug

  Ucwjglmg4 cl~`mgjjwj` }wucu`j {c~fclh`marf`kg}  L`~w`j fòc~`~}4 oancg} ae {`~g `ln }acj

Jgkcalgjj` cl OMSG % NE@



_gpwcg} ms}~gclg ea ka{~f

Oweeggn mf`ma`j sg`}~

gv~`m~ {!ΰ(ig~akjw~``~g

Rclracl~* kawln(kj`}}`rrg``lmg* awln a ej`~*

majajg}} a u`sclk maja*~`l}jwmgl~ a }rgmijgn

]h`jj* KL an} ~f`~

}~`cl raajs os

K`h‑}

Ha~cjg* M`~`j`}g )

Ncgm~ ejwag}mgl~

`l~coans ~g}~clk

O`~algjj` }rgmcg}



  O o`mcjjceahc} ” Aas` egug ” Ugwk` rgw`l` ” ^`l}hc~~gn os

}`lnejcg}&Jw~tahsc` #  Jchc~gn ~a Rgw*

Majahoc`* Gmw`na

  O fgl}gj`g % O pwcl~`l` ” M`~(]m`~mf nc}g`}g

  Egug*jshrf`nglar`~fs

” Os mal~`m~ {c~f ` m`~&}m`~mf* jcmi* oc~g* a ejg` oc~g#

KL _AN]* RJGAHA_RFCM

]JA[ K_A[CLK]GGL CL CLEGM^GN^C]]WG] [!

[@_^FCL(]^@__S ]CJUG_CHR_GKL@^CAL ]^@CL

K`nlggjj` u`kcl`jc}



  M`w}g ae O`m~gc`j u`kcla}c}  U`kcl`j nc}mf`kg

  La clej`hh`~as mgjj}

” H`ls `l`gaog} ” rF c} aug >,7

  Ncgm~ {g~ hawl~4 h`ls mf``m~gc}~cm

ng}pw`h`~gn grc~fgjc`j mgjj} {c~f`~~`mfgn ak`lc}h}

]~gr~ao`mcjjw} halcjceahc}



  M`w}g} `~(oc~g egug &`~ oc~g}# ” ]gr~cm egug* oja~ms % rg~gmfc`j `}fg} ” R`clewj rajs`~fc~c}

  M`w}g} Fùgfcjj egug   Rjgaharfcm KL an}* cgkwj` mf`cl}  Mwj~wg4 J eah}

” og}~ `~ =;M9 mg`}g} ~a ka{ `~ ??M ” hgnc` {! }gwh ra~gcl* gkk saji* }~`mf

  ]gwh `kkjw~cl`~cal ~g}~}

@]]CKLHGL^ 0, Glwhg`~g ~fg hgncm`jjs }cklcecm`l~ `l`gaocm



s ko`m~gc` `mmanclk ~a ~fg eajja{clk

mj`}}cecm`~cal}4

`# K`h ra}c~cug mammco# K`h lgk`~cug mammc

m# K`h ra}c~cug o`mcjjcn# K`h lgk`~cug o`mcjjc

?, [f`~ gltshg} `g j`miclk `halk aojck`~g

`l`gaog} ~f`~ hìg ~fgh }w}mgr~cojg ~a ~fgjg~f`j geegm~} ae avskgl1

=, Ng}mcog ~fg rgeah`lmg ae `l `l`gaocmmwj~cu`~cal hg~fan,



]rcamfg~g}`ln a~fg wlw}w`j r`~fakgl}

Hsmarj`}h`Mfj`hsnc`_cmig~~}c`

Ang ]rcamf`g~`jg}

? e cjc



  ? e`hcjcg}4

0, ]rcamf`g~`mg`g Egg(jcuclk* j`kg }rc`j ak`lc}h}

?, ^gralgh`~`mg`g Fwh`l r`~fakgl}

¹^gralgh`

¹Oagjc` ¹Jgr~a}rc`

^gralgh` }rgmcg}



  ^gralgh` r`jjcnwh }wo}rgmcg} r`jjcnwh

  ^ r`jjcnwh }wo}rgmcg} rg~glwg

  ^ r`jjcnwh }wo}rgmcg} glnghcmwh

  ^ r`jjcnwh }wo}rgmcg} m``~gwh

^gralgh` r`jjcnwh harfajaks



harfajaks

  ]jglng }rc`j} &2,? ·h cl {cn~f % 7(07 ·h cljglk~f#  _a~`~g }~g`ncjs àwln ~fgc glnaej`kgjj` gugl

è~g `~~`mfclk ~a mgjj} os ~fgc ~`rggn gln}

  La~ g`ncjs }ggl {c~f ancl`s nsg}  Chhwlaejwag}mgl~ }~`cl* nì(ecgjn cjjwhcl`~cal* a

cal }~`clclk  ]ggl cl ~c}}wg} {c~f }cjug chrgkl`~cal hg~fan

^gralgh` r`jjcnwh Mwj~wg



  F`} lgug oggl mwj~wgn al `~cecmc`j hgnc`  Gvrgchgl~`jjs* clegm~gn }icl* ~g}~g}* %

gsg ae òoc~}9

  Ka{l cl ~c}}wg mwj~wg* }fa~ rgcan} ae ~chg

  Hcma`garfcjg9 og}~ cl 0(>' avskgl

  H`s gh`cl ha~cjg cl =(5 n`s} `~ ?7²M  _gh`cl ucòjg ea `~ jg`}~ ?> f} cl {fajg

ojaan a rj`}h` }~agn `~ >²M

^gralgh` r`jjcnwh Mal~aj



[f`~ icjj} ~fg }rcamfg~g1

  Nsclk

  Gjgu`~cal ae ~fg ~ghrg`~wg ~a >?²M

  ^cu`jgl~ `}glcm`j* hgmws* oc}hw~f

  Rglcmcjjcl

^gralgh` r`jjcnwh @l~ckglcm ]~wm~wg}



k

  Aw~g }fg`~f &kjsma}`hclakjsm`l ma`~clk#  Aw~g hgho`lg }wawln} ~fg

rgcrj`}hcm }r`mg `ln ~fg rgr~cnakjsm`l(

ms~arj`}hcm hgho`lg mahrjgv  Glnaej`kgjj` &`vc`j ecj`hgl~}#

  Fs`jwalcn`}g

  < 022 ra~gcl `l~ckgl}* c,g, m`ncajcrcl  Ngugjar g`kcl &`l~coans(jcig }wo}~`lmg#

^gralgh` r`jjcnwh 8 ]SRFCJC]



]SRFCJC]

@, @MPWC_GN ]SRFCJC] ]gvw`j mal~`m~

Clegm~caw} jg}cal}

a Al }icl a hwmaw} hgho`lg} ae

kglc~`jcà Cl~`gm~`j* rgc`l`j* a a`ja Hwj~crjs jam`jjs* }rg`n ~a lgòs jshrf

lang}* ~fgl g`mf ~fg ojaan }~g`h

> }~`kg}

]SRFCJC]0, R_CH@_S ]^@KG



0, R_CH@_S ]^@KG

F`n mf`lmg &fg`j} è~g >(5 {ggi}# _gkcal`j jshrf`nglar`~fs

?, ]GMALN@_S ]^@KG F`c ja}}* egug* {gckf~ ja}} Kglg`jctgn jshrf`nglar`~fs _gn `}f &r`jh} % }ajg}#

Malnsjah` j`~wh H`s `j}a og4 }srfcjc~cm hglclkc~c}*

mfacag~clc~c}* fgr`~c~c}* lgrfc~c}* a rgca}~c~c}

=, J@^GL^ ]^@KG

La }shr~ah} ow~ eawln }rgmcecm `l~c~gralgh`j



s r r r

@o}

?!= &55'# g}ajw~cal

0!= &=='#* 5(>2 sg`} rakg}} ~a ~g~c`s }srfcjc}

Wl~g`~gn clegm~cal gh`cl} j`~gl~

>, ^G_^C@_S ]^@KG

KWHH@] &}icl* ML]* oalg}* gsg}* fg`~# ML]* Gsg}* Fg`~↟ ojclnlg}}

↟ à~cm n`h`kg a `lgwc}h}

M c~ j fcjc

^gralgh` r`jjcnwh



Malkglc~`j }srfcjc} ~gralghg} ma}} ~fg rj`mgl~`* clegm~clk ~fg

eg~w} w}w`jjs j`~gl~ }~`kg* 02~f ~a 07~f {ggi ae

kg}~`~cal eg~`j ng`~f* hc}m`c`kg}* }~cjjoal `~ ~gh jcug ow~ {c~f malkglc~`j }srfcjc} cl mfcjnfaan4

Cl~g}~c~c`j ig`~c~c}* Fw~mfcl}al–} ~gg~f*

]`nnjgla}g* Rgca}~c~c}* n`h`kg ~a hgl~`j ngugjarhgl~ a a~fg lgwajakcm`j }shr~ah}

^, R`jjcnwh Nc`kla}~cm Jò^g}~}



`, Ao}gu`~cal ae ak`lc}h} cl jg}cal}0, Nìecgjn gv`hcl`~cal?, Chhwlaejwag}mglmg

  Ejwag}mgcl(jògjgn`l~c~gralghg }gwh

o, ]gajakcm g}~}

0, Lal~gralgh`j ~g}~}?, ^gralgh`j `l~coans ~g}~}

Nc`kla}~cm Jò ^g}~}



0,LAL]RGMCECM* LAL^_GRALGH@J ^G]^]]mgglclk rwra}g}9 geecm`ms ae ~fg`rsJcrcn(`l~ckgl r`~cmjg} nc}rg}gn cl }gwh `ln

ejammwj`~g {c~f g`kcl

@l~ckgl}4 m`ncajcrcl* mfajg}~gaj* % rwcecgn jgmc~fclNg~gm~ g`kcl a [`}}gh`l `l~coancg}

Uglgg`j Nc}g`}g _g}g`mf Jòa`~as &UN_J#

Wlfg`~gn }gwh g`kcl &W]_# ~g}~_`rcn rj`}h` g`kcl &_R_# m`n ~g}~

âjwcnclg gn wlfg`~gn }gwh ~g}~ &^_W]^#

Nc`kla}~cm Jò ^g}~}? ]RGMCECM ^_GRALGH@J ^G]^]



?, ]RGMCECM* ^_GRALGH@J ^G]^]

Malech ra}c~cug lal~gralgh`j g}wj~}

^ r`jjcnwh (r`~cmjg `kkjw~cl`~cal &^R(R@#

^ r`jjcnwh fgh`kkjw~cl`~cal$ &^RF@#Hcmafgh`kkjw~cl`~cal ^ r`jjcnwh$ &HF@(^R#

Gltshg chhwla`}}`s &GC@# ea ^ r`jjcnwh Ejwag}mgl~ ~gralgh`j `l~coans ò}aogn

&E^@(@O]#

Oagjc` gmwgl~c}



Oagjc` gmwgl~c} ” grcnghcmgj`r}clk egug

Egug* mfcjj}* fg`n`mfg}* h`j`c}g

E`~`j m`}g}4 cluajug }rjggl* jcug*a~fg ak`l}* fghaf`kcm jg}cal}&icnlgs} `ln KC^#

Wj~ch`~g gmaugs4 è~g =(02gj`r}g}

Oagjc` gmwgl~c}4 Grcnghcm gj`r}clk egug



k

Ncgm~ ao}gu`~cal eah ojaan }rgmchgl} ae egocjg r`~cgl~}

Nìecgjn &{g~ rgr#* haug `rcnjs _OM}

^fcmi % ~fcl }hg`*

[ckf~ a Kcgh}` }~`cl}

]gajaks la~ gjcòjg9 @L^CKGLCM ]FCE^]

^v4 ~g~`msmjclg}* gs~fahsmcl* rglcmcjjcl

Oagjc` owknaegc J nc



  Jshg nc}g`}g

  ]~`kg 04 ” Gs~fgh` hck`l} &mf``m~gc}~cm }icl jg}cal#

” Ejwjcig }shr~ah}

  ]~`kg ?4„ `~f`jkc` % `~fc~c}

„ Lgwajakcm h`lceg}~cal}

  ]~`kg =4„ mfalcm }icl* ML]* a dacl~ cluajughgl~

Jgr~a}rc` cl~gak`l}



^ckf~js macjgn* 7(07 ·h jalk* eah `faai Nìecgjn gv`hcl`~cal a ~fcmi }hg`}

{c~f Kcgh}` }~`cl Ka{l al }ghc}ajcn hgnc` H`ls }gau`}* }gg ^òjg ?>(0* r, =23

D`{g~t‑ oaai

Jgr~a}rc` cl~gak`l} }g, cm~gafghaf`kc`g 4

[gcj nc}g`}g



[gcj nc}g`}g

  _`~ wclg* {`~g

  Gl~g mw~}!ò`}cal}ae }icl a hwmaw}hgho`lg}

  CR4 0(? {ggi}

Egug D`wlncmgFghaf`kg} @}gr~cm hglclkc~c}

Nv4 ]gajaks ” @kkjw~cl`~cal ~g}~}

^v4 navsmsmjclg*`hrcmcjjcl*`havcmcjjcl



]rccjjwh hcla &]rccjjwh ha}w} hwc} #

” _`~(oc~g egug &}anaiw# ” ]h`jj* ckcn }rc`j ” [ajn{cng ” Oc~g ae `~ ” Jam`j jg}cal* gkcal`j kj`ln }{gjjclk*

}icl `}fg}* egug

Hsmarj`}h`}4

  Ang Hsmarj`}h`~`jg} E`hcjs



Ang Hsmarj`}h`~`jg} * E`hcjs

Hsmarj`}h`~`mg`g   ? hgncm`jjs chra~`l~ kglg`4

&0# Hsmarj`}h` &?# Wg`rj`}h`

  > }rgmcg} ae rch`s chra~`lmg4 ” H, rlgwhalc`g

” W, wg`js~cmwh ” H, fahclc}

” H, kglc~`jcwh

Hsmarj`}h`

Rj o ~ ~ ~



aRj`}h` hgho`lg ( aw~gha}~ r`~aWlcpwg* fckf }~gaj mal~gl~* rgugl~

a}ha~cm js}c}

aUgs }h`jj &0?7(?72 lh#aFckfjs rjgaharfcma_g}c}~`l~ ~a rglcmcjjclaWg`rj`}h` 4 hg~òajctg wgàUcwjglmg4 Ra~gcl R0

H, rlgwhalc`g W, wg`js~cmwh



  ^`mfgaoalmfc~c}  [`jiclk rlgwhalc`  egug {c~f ` ns*

lalranwm~cug f`miclk

mawkf ” R`~mfs clecj~`~g} ” W}w`jjs cl mfcjngl*

`najg}mgl~}* `ln

sawlk `nwj~} ” ~g~`msmjclg}*

gs~fahsmcl

 Lalkalamamm`jwg~fc~c}

 owlclk al wcl`~cal*{c~f sgjja{ hwmacn

nc}mf`kg eah ~fgwg~f`

 Jwlk nc}g`}g cl

rgh`~wg ja{(oc~f({gckf~ cle`l~}

Mfj`hsnc`g

Ang Mfj`hsnc`jg}



  Ang Mfj`hsnc`jg}

  = hgncm`jjs chra~`l~ }rgmcg} ” Mfj`hsnc` ~`mfah`~c}

” Mfj`hsnc` &Mfj`hsnarfcj`# rlgwhalc`g

” Mfj`hsnc` &Mf`jhsnarfcj`# r}c~~`mc

  Aojck`~g cl~`mgjjwj` r``}c~g}

  Mgjj {`jj }chcj` ~a KLO* ow~ j`mirgr~cnakjsm`l

  Mahrjgv ngugjarhgl~`j msmjg



Mfj`hsnc`j Nc}g`}g}]RGMCG] NC]G@]G]



Mfj`hsnc` ~`mfah`~c}

]ga~srg} @* O* % M   ^`mfah`

&jg`nclk m`w}g ae ojclnlg}} cl ~fg {ajn#

]ga~srg} N ~fw I   Clmjw}cal maldwlm~cuc~c} &lg{oal*

mal~`m~gn cl ~fg oc~f m`l`j#

  Cle`l~ rlgwhalc`

  Mgucmc~c}* RCN

  Lalkalamamm`j wg~fc~c} cl hgl

]ga~srg} J0* J?* J=   Jshrfak`lwjah` uglggwh &JKU#

Mfj`hsnc` r}c~~`mc   @~srcm`j rlgwhalc`* r}c~~`ma}c}* EWA

Mfj`hsnc` rlgwhalc`g

}gakawr ^[@_

  @~srcm`j rlgwhalc`* oalmfc~c}* rf`slkc~c}*

}clw}c~c}

Mfj`hsnc` Nc`kla}~cm}  Ka{l al mgjj jclg}



Ka{l al mgjj jclg}

  M ~`mfah`~c} mal~`cl Kjsmakgl clclmjw}cal}

`ln }~`cl {c~f canclg9 `g

}w}mgr~cojg ~a }wjeal`hcng},  M rlgwhalc`g % M r}c~~`mc

8 g}c}~`l~ ~a }wjeal`hcng}  ]gajaks4 ME % CE ~g}~}* gjgu`~gn ~c~g}

_cmig~~}c` % Gfjcmfc`



  E`hcjs _cmig~~}c`mg`g  > hgncm`jjs chra~`l~ kglg`

” _cmig~~}c`

” Mavcgjj` ” Acgl~c`

” _amfjch`g`

  Aojck`~g cl~`mgjjwj` r``}c~g}  Clegm~cal} ” egug* `}fg}* u`}mwjc~c}

  ^`l}hc~~gn ~a fwh`l} os `~faran}

A_K@LC]H NC]G@]G UGMÂ_ _G]G_UAC_

_cmig~~}c` ra{`tgicc Grcnghcm ~srfw}*Ocjj(Tcl}}g nc}g`}g

Jaw}g Fwh`l}



nc}g`}g

_cmig~~}c` ~srfc Glnghcm ~srfw}*hwclg ~srfw} Ejg` _angl~}

Acgl~c` ~}w~}wk`hw}fc

]mwo ~srfw} Hc~g _angl~}

_cmig~~}c` cmig~~}cc _amis Hawl~`cl

}ra~~gn egug

^cmi _angl~}* nak}

_cmig~~}c` ì`c _cmig~~}c`j rav Hc~g Hcmg

Mavcgjj` owlg~cc P egug &la `}f# Lalg*`coalg

]fggr* m`~~jg*ka`~}

_amf`jch`g` pwcl~`l` ^glmf egug Jaw}g Fwh`l}Gfjcmfc` mfèeggl}c} Fwh`l halams~g

gfjcmfca}c} &la`}f#

^cmi Ngg* nak}*fwh`l}

_cmig~~}c`j Nc`kla}c} %]gajaks

Nc ~ n ~ ~c c ~c &Kc ~ c



  Ncgm~ ng~gm~cal cl ~c}}wg} &Kcgh}` }~`cl a CE ~g}~#

  Mwj~wg4 mfcmi saji }`m* ~c}}wg mwj~wg&Gvmgr~cal4 _amfjch`g` al `~cecmc`j hgnc` {c~f

ojaan#  ]gajaks4 ME* GJC]@ `ln [gcj(Egjcv

g`m~cal ” `l~coancg} eahgn {cjj

`kkjw~cl`~g AV }~`cl} ae Ra~gw} uwjk`c},

[gcj(Egjcv _g`m~calNC]G@]G AV(03 AV(? AV(I



NC]G@]G AV(03 AV(? AV(I

_H]E ) )

_cmig~~}c`j rav

Grcnghcm~srfw} )

Glnghcm ~srfw} )

]mwo ~srfw} )

^glmf egug

P egug

_cmig~~}c` Ucwjglmg E`m~a} ” N`h`kg glna~fgjc`j



k

mgjj} jclclk ojaanug}}gj} ” Clnwmgn rf`kams~a}c} ” _gmwc~hgl~ ae `m~cl

ea cl~`mgjjwj` }rg`n ” g}c}~`l~ ~a js}a}ah`j

gltshg}* f`}

glna}rag eah &aljsMavcgjj` owlg~~c # ” Mgjj(~a(mgjj }rg`n ↟



_cmig~~}c`g



  ^g`~hgl~ ” Navsmsmjclg* mfja`hrfglcmaj

  G`ncm`~g jcmg

  [g` ra~gm~cug mja~fclk  W}g cl}gm~ grgjjgl~}

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