BACIP Pakistan disaster mitigation

Building and Construction Improvement Program

Aga Khan Planning and Building Service, Pakistan

Nawab Ali Khan January 15, 2014

Snap Shot of Aga Khan Development Network

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Context: Gilgit Baltistan, Pakistan

Situated at the junction of Karakoram, Hamalaya and Hindukush/14 world highest

mountains

About 73 Sq Km area, Over 1.5 M people, extremely dependent on

natural resources

80% living in high seismic activity area (Zone 3 and 4)

Over 90% houses non engineered

Source: UNHabitat, 2010. Building Codes of Pakistan, 2007

Historic Events

Kashmir Earthquake 2005 (MW 7.6): 87350 killed, 70,000 were injured and over 3.5 million rendered (Sources: EFFIT 2005, and Bilham, R. 2005)

Astore (MW 5.5) 2002: Killed 23

Darel 1981 (MW 5.8): killed 222

1974 Pattan (Mw 6.2): killed 5300

Khaplu – Ghache 2007 (Source: Hughes, R., 2003)

6th PAC

Over 90% houses are non engineerd

Historical Earthquakes in Northern Pakistan

7.4 magnitude spread over 27,000 sq. km

80,000 killed and 3 million homeless

84% of all housing stock

90% education and health facilities

Water sources / infrastructure

Physical infrastructure

Challenges for reconstruction efforts

Over 1000 aftershocks

The Kashmir Earthquake

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Destructions due to Earthquake in Kashmir

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Stone Masonry Failure in Earthquake

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Stage 3 – Adoption/Replication and institutionalisation

Building guidelines & PEC endorsement

Academic institutions

Financing

Stage 2 – Capacity Building

Entrepreneurship Training of Artisans

Stage 1 – Action Research

Problem identification

Development of Solutions

Demonstration Projects

BACIP-Program Stages

PEC: Pakistan Engineering Council 8

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Housing Improvement Solutions

60 solutions developed focused around 5 housing issues

Thermal efficiency

Illumination

Indoor air Pollution

Cooking and heating

Seismic Resilient buildings

Excessive use of timber in traditional Construction

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BACIP GIWire Technology for new construction

Retrofitting Solutions for existing buildings

Knowledge Management - Training Manuals

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Revisited 20 houses and assessed the performance of interventions based on the following Impact indicators.

o Users’ Satisfaction o Beneficiary Targeting o Replication and Scale up o Technical Performance o Livelihood

Post construction study of 20 houses

100% respondents expressed increase in level of satisfaction

Increased safety, comfort and decreased level of maintenance

Reduced chances of subsequent damages

User Satisfaction

“Retrofitting has made house stronger and resistant against various risks and it also helped us save our money that was being spent on repairing cracks and other damages of our houses(Mirza Murad, Tushkin, Ishkoman).

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“Retrofitting has been done in our house with the application of different earthquake resistant construction techniques….. Other energy efficient and housing improvement products have been also installed. ….these techniques have enhanced the resilience of our house and also it’s energy efficiency therefore it is now more comfortable, safe, durable and secure… …” Bibi Zar.

“These houses are safe from hazards. These are thermally efficient and earthquake resistant....” (Mr. Fida Muhammad,)

Retrofitted houses have proved that the BACIP developed and applied technology is very useful to withstand hazard and has contributed to minimise repairing and have saved money significantly” (one of the female participants of FGD said).

“.....it gave us mental satisfaction as we feel that our lives are safe if any earthquake strikes out region...” (Janat Khan, Puniyal).

“...if any seismic disaster occurs now, I have enough time to move outside of the house even with this disability...” (Mr. Shahbaz)

User Satisfaction

Beneficiary Expressions

Beneficiary Targeting

20 house/180 people

100% original owners

100 % Occupancy

Additional Spaces created after reconstruction

Maintenance cost lowered

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Replication

253 buildings constructed/About 700

applications

Replication in private homes slow

Affordability is major issue

Adoption high amongst public/community buildings

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Technical designs vetted and endorsed by relevant national institutions/authorities/Universities

The region witnessed a number of

seismic jolts of various magnitude during last few years.

No cracks witnessed on the walls or other damages as the results of these jolts (respondents).

During the Attabad disaster a whole neighbourhood of Gulmit Goz collapsed except the one house of Mr. Raoof which was built using BACIP wire technology

In terms of thermal efficiency up to 60% fuel wood was saved

Technical Performance

Livelihoods

Savings on maintenance

Households asset building

Increased level of safety

Savings on medical expenses as result of reduction in ARI and cold related diseases

Savings on fire wood consumption

•Integrated design principles were

applied including seismic resilience,

thermal efficiency, illumination, indoor

air pollution control.

• Availability of technical assistance

•Availability of material/technology

•Availability of trained artisans

•BACIP did not change the

traditional home design. It made

technical improvements

•Loan financing for housing improvements

Access to finance Design Local

Integrated design has

high impact Technology is

accessible

Lessons learned and way forward

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Awards and Accolades

Thanks