B6D4E1.docx

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B6D4E1WATER AND SOLUTION

THE PRESERVATION OF WATER QUALITY

Name : Jacquelina Shalinie Stanley

Class : 2 Elok

Band : B6D4E1

Science Teacher : Puan Syazrah

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Index

(a) WATER POLLUTION

i) Definition of water pollutionii) Types of water pollution and their sourcesiii) Effects of water pollution on living thingsiv) Ways to control water pollution

-steps to be taken by the government-steps to be taken by individuals

v) Ways to conserver and preserver water and its quality

(b) WATER PURIFICATION

i) Methods of water purificationii) Reasons for water purification

(c) WAYS TO SAVE WATER

i) Why we should save water ?ii) How do we waster water ?iii) What can we do to save water ?

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W A T E R P O L L U T I O N

i) Definition of water pollution

Water pollutionis the contamination of water bodies (e.g.lakes, rivers, oceans, aquifers and groundwater), very often byhuman activities.

Water pollutionoccurs when pollutants (particles, chemicalsor substances that make water contaminated) are dischargeddirectly or indirectly into water bodies without enough treatment toget rid of harmful compounds. Pollutants get into water mainly by

human causes or factors

ii) Types of water pollution and their sources

Water pollution can come from a number of different sources. Ifthe pollution comes from a single source, such as an oil spill, it iscalled point-source pollution. If the pollution comes from manysources, it is called nonpoint-source pollution.

Most types of pollution affect the immediate area surroundingthe source. Sometimes the pollution may affect the environmenthundreds of miles away from the source, such as nuclear waste,this is called trans boundary pollution.

Some types of water pollution are;

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Fact : 97% of earths water is either salty of polluted !

picture 1 ; how water pollutions occurs

picture 2 : the effect of water pollution towards humanity

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ii) Effects of water pollution on living things

The effects can be catastrophic, depending on the kind ofchemicals, concentrations of the pollutants and where there arepolluted. Below, we shall see a summary of the effects of waterpollution.

The effects of water pollution are varied and depend on whatchemicals are dumped and in what locations. Many water bodiesnear urban areas (cities and towns) are highly polluted. This is theresult of both garbage dumped by individuals and dangerouschemicals legally or illegally dumped by manufacturing industries,

health centers, schools and market places.

Death of aquatic (water) animalsThe main problem caused by waterpollution is that it kills life that depends on these water bodies. Dead fish,crabs, birds and sea gulls, dolphins, and many other animals often wind upon beaches, killed by pollutants in their habitat (living environment).

Disruption of food-chains Pollution disrupts the naturalfood chainas

well. Pollutants such as lead and cadmium are eaten by tiny animals. Later,these animals are consumed by fish and shellfish, and the food chaincontinues to be disrupted at all higher levels

Diseases Eventually, humans are affected by this process aswell. People can get diseases such as hepatitis by eatingseafood that has been poisoned. In many poor nations, thereis always outbreak of cholera and diseases as a result of poordrinking water treatment from contaminated waters.

Destruction of ecosystems Ecosystems(the interaction ofliving things in a place, depending on each other for life) canbe severely changed or destroyed by water pollution. Manyareas are now being affected by careless human pollution, andthis pollution is coming back to hurt humans in many ways.

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iii) Ways to control water pollution

Dealing with water pollution is something that everyone(including governments and local councils) needs to get

involved with. Here are a few things you can do to help.Learning about the issue (like you are doing) is the greatest andmost important step to take.

- Steps to be taken by the government

Many governments have very strict laws that helpminimize water pollution. These laws are usually directed toindustries, hospitals, schools and market areas on how to

dispose, treat and manage sewage. In many developed cities,waste or sewage treatment is very efficient, and designed tominimize pollution of water bodies. There are also lots oforganizations and groups that help educate people on thedangers of water pollution. It is always great to join thesegroups, because they regularly encourage other members oftheir communities to have a better attitude towards water.

- Steps to be taken by individuals

Never throw rubbishaway anyhow. Always look for the correct waste bin. Ifthere is none around, please take it home and put it in your trash can. Thisincludes places like the beach, riverside and water bodies.

Use water wisely. Do not keep the tap running when not in use. Also, youcan reduce the amount of water you use in washing and bathing. If we all dothis, we can significantly prevent water shortages and reduces the amountof dirty water that needs treatment.

Do not throw chemicals, oils, paints and medicines down the sink drain, orthe toilet. In many cities, your local environment office can help with thedisposal of medicines and chemicals.

Buy more environmentally safe cleaning liquids for the use at home and

other public places. They are less dangerous to the environment.

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W A T E R P U R I FI C A T I O N

i) Methods of water purification

There are many methods to purify water , the main fourways to purify water is by boiling , chlorination , filrtation anddistillation

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a) BOILING

- use heat to kills these microorganisms in the

water- advantages ; water is free from dangerous

microorganisms- disadvantages ; dissolved impurities and

suspended impurities still exists in water

-

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b) Chlorination

- Chlorine is added to water to kill

microorganisms- Advantages : water is free from dangerous

microorganisms- Disadvantages : dissolved impurities and

suspended impurities still exists in water

-

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c) Filtration- to remove suspended impurities from the water-

Advantages : water is clear and free fromsuspended particles- Disadvantages: dissolved impurities and

microorganisms still exists in water

-

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d) Distillation

- To remove suspended impurities and dissolvedimpurities from the water

- Advantages : water is free from allmicroorganisms , suspended and dissolvedimpurities

- Disadvantages : does not contain minaralswhich our bodies need

-

-

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ii) Reasons for water purification

Reusing water helps the environment inmany ways. Areas near the coast and the oceanand areas that have very large populations allstruggle with water shortages, which makes savingwater necessary. The smallest of tasks that requirewater, such as washing dishes, can help watershortages by saving the extra rinse water and

putting it to other use. This will help people avoiddeadly illnesses and create a healthier and saferlifestyle. As stated before, nearly 20% of the world'swater is polluted. A single person alone uses sevenand a half million gallons of water a day. Saving justa fourth of that water would help water shortagesand allow someone to use that water for a gooduse. Purifying and reusing water is all important forthe nation. It will help decrease the amount ofillnesses people receive and the amount of waterwill increase and there will be no fear of running outof water.

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W A Y S T O S A V E W A T E R

i) Why we should save water ?

In my opinion, we should save waterbecause the water supply is decreasing andsoon enough we will run out of water ,wecannot let this happen . Water is a naturalrecourse in our earth and we must protect it .We cannot survivor more then 24 hours

without water , most third world countries arealready suffering with water shortages andare unable to get clean drinking water , wemust save water every way we can . Water isa very important element of our life andsaving it is a must .

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ii) How do we waster water ?

As today water is being used for many

different activates and often we tend to waste it ,here are some examples :

(1) Dishwasher-Dishwashers can waste so much water if you runit when it is not full. A way to prevent this is to wash your disheswithout use of the dishwasher. If you do need to use a dishwasher,make sure it is completely full before you turn it on.

(2) Brushing Teeth / Washing Dishes WITH the Water

Running-DO NOT keep water running while brushing your teeth/doing the dishes. When you brush your teeth, wet the toothbrushfirst and turn the water off immediately. And use a naturaltoothpaste, Only use the water to rinse. Same for dish washing.Scrub the dishes without the water on, and then turn the water onto rinse off the soap.

(3) Car Wash-This may be hard for us city folks, but if you have alawn, Wash your car on it!, Only turn on the hose for the final rinse.Your car will be clean, your lawn will be fed, and by doing this you

know you did a lot to help the environment.

(4) Leaky Toilets / Leaky Faucets-If you notice a leaky pipe,faucet, or toilet, get it fixed immediately. A leaky toilet, for example,can waste up to 200 gallons of water a DAY. So please, fix yourwater problems.

(5) Bathtime!Bathtime is no longer Funtime. It wastes anunnecessary amount of water. an average shower uses 1/5 theamount of water that is needed for a bath! Teach kids to take

showers early on. It all really adds up. So please, take a showernot a bath.

(6) Using the Toilet as a Garbage Can-Do Not Do This! Throwout everything in a garbage can, even if it is tempting to just throwit in the toilet. Tissues, Hair, and Bugs are things that peoplegenerally throw away in the toilet, but they will be disposed ifthrown away in the garbage can as well.

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iii) What can we do to save water?

Here are the 9 ways to save water;

1. Water your lawn only when it needs it. Step on your grass. Ifit springs back, when you lift your foot, it doesn't need water.So set your sprinklers for more days in between watering.Saves 750-1,500 gallonsper month.

2. Fix leaky faucets and plumbing joints. Saves 20 gallonsperday for every leak stopped.

3. Don't run the hose while washing your car. Use a bucket ofwater and a quick hose rinse at the end. Saves 150 gallonseach time. For a two-car family that's up to 1,200 gallonsamonth.

4. Install water-saving shower heads or flow restrictors. Saves500 to 800 gallonsper month.

5. Run only full loads in the washing machine and dishwasher.Saves 300 to 800 gallonsper month.

6. Shorten your showers. Even a one or two minute reductioncan save up to 700 gallonsper month.

7. Use a broom instead of a hose to clean driveways andsidewalks. Saves 150 gallonsor more each time. At once a

week, that's more than 600 gallonsa month

8. Don't use your toilet as an ashtray or wastebasket. Saves400 to 600 gallonsper month.

9. Capture tap water. While you wait for hot water to comedown the pipes, catch the flow in a watering can to use lateron house plants or your garden. Saves 200 to 300 gallons

per month.