B

ECE 525N – 1ECFMicrowave LOS Communication System Design

2013

V.B MICROWAVE LOS DESIGN (SITE B to REPEATER 1)

a) Precise Location

“MONCADA MUNICIPAL HALL”

SITE B

This charming American colonial period municipio was one of the most elegant

local government buildings in Central Luzon. That was before it was renovated beyond

recognition last year. From a stately government building, it was transformed into a

structure that looks more like a house, no longer exuding the elegance that it once had.

Lat : 15°43'58.74"N

Long : 120°34'23.20"E

1 | P a g eUNIVERSITY OF THE EAST – CALOOCAN CAMPUS ECE DEPARTMENT


2013

b) Map View

“GOOGLE MAP VIEW”

c) Site Description

The site can be located in front of the Municipal hall across the street, it has a 45.05 meters

away from the Municipal hall. The City of Moncada is a 2nd class municipality in the province

of Tarlac, Philippines. According to the latest census, it has a population of 54,547 people in

10,144 households.

Moncada was formerly known as "San Ramon". On July 1, 1875, it was renamed "Moncada"

in honor of a certain influential nobility in Spain.



2013

d) Power Availability

TARLAC ELECTRIC COMPANY



2013

Coordinates: 15° 31' 44.96" N 120° 33' 37.30" E

e) Geological and Seismic Data

According to the 2007 census, Moncada has a population of 54,547 residents and

belongs to the 294 emerging cities and municiplities in the Philippines which have more

than 50,000 inhabitants but did not reach 100,000 yet. Based on the number of its

inhabitants Moncada is number 389 of the most populous cities of the Philippines and at

222 in Luzon group of islands and at 10 of the most populous cities of province Tarlac.

With an area of 85.75 km² Moncada occupies a relatively small urban area. Accordingly,

there is a high population density. In Moncada, by average, 636.12 people live in one

square kilometer. With this value, Moncada is only number 197 in Luzon and is

nationally ranked 251st of the most densely populated cities in the Philippines.

f) Weather Data

The climate of Tarlac plays an important role in the economic activity of the province.

Like the rest of Central Luzon province, there are two distinct seasons: Dry from

November to April, and wet for the rest of the year. Heavy rainfall is distributed during

the months of July, August and September with an average of 400 millimeters. During

such months when precipitation is heaviest, the Tarlac river swells flooding the areas


http://www.panoramio.com/map/#lt=15.529155&ln=120.560360&z=4&k=2



2013

surrounding it and causing widespread damage to crops and properties. January, the

coldest month, registers a temperature of 79 degrees Fahrenheit.

“AVERAGE TEMPERATURE”



2013

“AVERAGE RAINFALL”

g) Local Zoning Restrictions

There is no Airport nearby.

h) List of EMI



2013

a) Precise Location

REPEATER 1 (TARLAC CITY)



2013

Site Coordinates

Lat : 15°29'13.49"N

Long : 120°35'25.37"E

b) Map View


c) Site Description

Records of the Past: Several accounts show that Tarlac was once a thickly-forested

area where tribes of nomadic Aetas thrived. The name "Tarlac" was drawn from a

talahiblike weed called "Matarlak" by the Aetas. Tarlac’s name first figured in written

history as a praesidio or military port designated with the task of defending communities

from the frequent lowland raids of the Negritos and Balugas. Tarlac was the last

province in Central Luzon to be created by the Spanish colonial government and was

inaugurated as a regular province on May 28 of 1873 with Don Juan Guillen as its first



2013

politico-military governor. History also reveals that initially, Tarlac belonged to the

provinces of Pampanga and Pangasinan. Tarlac was among the first to revolt against

the Spaniards, being one of the "eight rays of the sun in the Philippine flag" the

"terranos de guerra". Officially the revolution in Tarlac started on January 24, 1897, the

so-called "Cry of Tagumpay". The town of Tarlac became the seat of the Aguinaldo

government from June 21 to Nov. 10, 1899. This was a few months after Malolos,

Bulacan was abandoned by General Emilio Aguinaldo as the seat of the Philippine

Republic. Tarlac Cathedral was the site of the Philippine Revolutionary Congress, after

its transfer from the Barasoain Church in Malolos.

d) Power Availability

TARLAC ELECTRIC COMPANY

Coordinates: 15° 31' 44.96" N 120° 33' 37.30" E

e) Geological and Seismic Data

The city is situated at the center of the province. To its north is Gerona, west is San Jose,

south is Capas and Concepcion and eastern boundaries are Victoria and La Paz. This is also the

location of Tarlac River.

Tarlac City is approximately 24 metres (79 ft) above sea level on some parts but reaching

even 50 metres (160 ft) on large western portions. Tarlac City was historically a part of what is


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarlac_River

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Paz,_Tarlac

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victoria,_Tarlac

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concepcion,_Tarlac

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capas,_Tarlac

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Jose,_Tarlac

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerona,_Tarlac




2013

now Porac, Pampanga. Parts of Tarlac city are claimed to be among the few portions of land in

the province which was not created by ancient eruptions from Mount Pinatubo.

f) Weather Data

The climate of Tarlac plays an important role in the economic activity of the province. Like

the rest of Central Luzon province, there are two distinct seasons: Dry from November to April,

and wet for the rest of the year. Heavy rainfall is distributed during the months of July, August

and September with an average of 400 millimeters. During such months when precipitation is

heaviest, the Tarlac river swells flooding the areas surrounding it and causing widespread

damage to crops and properties. January, the coldest month, registers a temperature of 79 degrees

Fahrenheit.

“AVERAGE CLIMATE”

“AVERAGE RAINFALL”


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Pinatubo

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porac,_Pampanga


2013

g) Local Zoning Restrictions

There is no Airport nearby

h) List of EMI

PATH PROFILE (SITE B to REPEATER 1)

a) Path

Site B to Site C has a distance of 17 miles apart with each other. The elevation of site B is

78(ft) while Repeater 1 has an elevation of 170(ft).



2013


“PATH ELEVATION”

“PATH DESCRIPTION”

Path ObstacleLocation d1

(mi)d2

(mi)Path Description

Site B 0.00 17.00 CITY

a 0.50 16.50 GRASSLAND

b 0.69 16.31 FOREST

c 1.46 15.54 GRASSLAND

d 1.93 15.07 GRASSLAND

e 2.50 14.50 GRASSLAND

f 2.71 14.29 GRASSLAND

g 3.36 13.64 GRASSLAND

h 3.80 13.20 GRASSLAND

i 4.50 12.50 CITY



2013

j 4.71 12.29 CITY

k 5.46 11.54 GRASSLAND

l 6.00 11.00 GRASSLAND

m 6.37 10.63 GRASSLAND

n 7.00 10.00 GRASSLAND

o 7.50 9.50 GRASSLAND

p 7.91 9.09 GRASSLAND

q 8.00 9.00 GRASSLAND

r 8.91 8.09 GRASSLAND

s 9.50 7.50 GRASSLAND

t 9.83 7.17 GRASSLAND

u 10.20 6.80 GRASSLAND

v 11.00 6.00 GRASSLAND

w 11.20 5.80 GRASSLAND

x 11.70 5.30 GRASSLAND

y 12.40 4.60 VACANT

z 12.50 4.50 SOLID ROCK

A 13.40 3.60 VACANT

B 13.80 3.20 VACANT

C 14.30 2.70 GRASSLAND

D 15.00 2.00 WAREHOUSE

b) Path Profile

Path Obstacle Elevation (ft)

EC (ft) T&G F1 Fresnel Zone

Total HeightLocation d1

(mi)d2

(mi)Site B 0.00 15.00 79 0.00 50 0.00 10.00 139.00

a 0.50 14.60 66 3.65 50 13.21 18.06 137.71

b 0.69 14.41 72 4.97 50 15.42 19.40 146.38

c 1.46 13.64 62 9.96 50 21.82 23.31 145.27

d 1.93 13.17 63 12.72 50 24.65 25.04 150.75

e 2.50 12.60 77 15.76 50 27.44 26.74 169.50



2013

f 2.71 12.39 70 16.80 50 28.33 27.28 164.08

g 3.36 11.74 69 19.73 50 30.71 28.73 167.47

h 3.80 11.30 68 21.48 50 32.04 29.54 169.03

i 4.50 10.60 76 23.86 50 33.77 30.60 180.46

j 4.71 10.39 87 24.48 50 34.20 30.86 192.35

k 5.46 9.64 75 26.33 50 35.47 31.64 182.97

l 6.00 9.10 80 27.31 50 36.13 32.04 189.35

m 6.37 8.73 87 27.82 50 36.46 32.24 197.06

n 7.00 8.10 87 28.36 50 36.82 32.46 197.82

o 7.50 7.60 86 28.51 50 36.92 32.52 197.03

p 7.91 7.19 102 28.45 50 36.87 32.49 212.94

q 8.00 7.10 97 28.41 50 36.85 32.48 207.89

r 8.91 6.19 104 27.59 50 36.31 32.15 213.74

s 9.50 5.60 107 26.61 50 35.66 31.75 215.37

t 9.83 5.27 108 25.92 50 35.19 31.47 215.38

u 10.20 4.90 112 25.00 50 34.57 31.09 218.09

v 11.00 4.10 123 22.56 50 32.84 30.03 225.59

w 11.20 3.90 119 21.85 50 32.32 29.71 220.56

x 11.70 3.40 130 19.90 50 30.84 28.81 228.71

y 12.40 2.70 144 16.75 50 28.29 27.26 238.01

z 12.50 2.60 135 16.26 50 27.87 27.00 228.26

A 13.40 1.70 138 11.40 50 23.34 24.24 223.63

B 13.80 1.30 143 8.97 50 20.71 22.63 224.61

C 14.30 0.80 146 5.72 50 16.54 20.09 221.81

D 15.00 0.10 169 0.75 50 5.99 13.65 233.40

Rpt1 15.10 0.00 173 0.00 50 0.00 10.00 233.00

c) Graph

d) LOS

e) Frequency = 14.4 Ant. Height B = 90.00

Ant. Height Rpt. 1 130.00



2013

=

ObstacleLocation d1 (mi) Yi LOSi HE - HF HB HC LOSi +

FLOS - F LOSi +

FZLOS -

FZSite B 0.00 0.00 169.00 134 169.00 303.00 169.00 169.00 179.00 159.00

a 0.50 4.44 173.44 134 169.00 303.00 186.65 160.23 191.50 155.38

b 0.69 6.12 175.12 134 169.00 303.00 190.54 159.71 194.53 155.72

c 1.46 12.96 181.96 134 169.00 303.00 203.78 160.14 205.27 158.65

d 1.93 17.13 186.13 134 169.00 303.00 210.78 161.48 211.16 161.09

e 2.50 22.19 191.19 134 169.00 303.00 218.63 163.74 217.93 164.45

f 2.71 24.05 193.05 134 169.00 303.00 221.38 164.72 220.33 165.77

g 3.36 29.82 198.82 134 169.00 303.00 229.53 168.11 227.55 170.08

h 3.80 33.72 202.72 134 169.00 303.00 234.76 170.68 232.27 173.18

i 4.50 39.93 208.93 134 169.00 303.00 242.70 175.16 239.53 178.33

j 4.71 41.80 210.80 134 169.00 303.00 245.00 176.59 241.66 179.93

k 5.46 48.45 217.45 134 169.00 303.00 252.93 181.98 249.09 185.81

l 6.00 53.25 222.25 134 169.00 303.00 258.37 186.12 254.28 190.21

m 6.37 56.53 225.53 134 169.00 303.00 261.99 189.07 257.77 193.29

n 7.00 62.12 231.12 134 169.00 303.00 267.94 194.30 263.58 198.66

o 7.50 66.56 235.56 134 169.00 303.00 272.47 198.64 268.07 203.04

p 7.91 70.19 239.19 134 169.00 303.00 276.07 202.32 271.69 206.70

q 8.00 70.99 239.99 134 169.00 303.00 276.84 203.14 272.47 207.51

r 8.91 79.07 248.07 134 169.00 303.00 284.38 211.76 280.22 215.92

s 9.50 84.30 253.30 134 169.00 303.00 288.97 217.64 285.06 221.55

t 9.83 87.23 256.23 134 169.00 303.00 291.43 221.04 287.70 224.77

u 10.20 90.52 259.52 134 169.00 303.00 294.08 224.95 290.60 228.43

v 11.00 97.62 266.62 134 169.00 303.00 299.45 233.78 296.65 236.59

w 11.20 99.39 268.39 134 169.00 303.00 300.71 236.08 298.10 238.68

x 11.70 103.83 272.83 134 169.00 303.00 303.67 241.99 301.64 244.02

y 12.40 110.04 279.04 134 169.00 303.00 307.33 250.75 306.30 251.78

z 12.50 110.93 279.93 134 169.00 303.00 307.80 252.05 306.93 252.92

A 13.40 118.91 287.91 134 169.00 303.00 311.25 264.58 312.15 263.68


0.000.69

1.932.71

3.804.71

6.007.00

7.918.91

9.8311.00

11.7012.50

13.8015.00

0.00

50.00

100.00

150.00

200.00

250.00

EC (ft)ElevationT&GFresnel


2013

B 13.80 122.46 291.46 134 169.00 303.00 312.17 270.75 314.10 268.83

C 14.30 126.90 295.90 134 169.00 303.00 312.44 279.36 315.99 275.81

D 15.00 133.11 302.11 134 169.00 303.00 308.10 296.12 315.77 288.46

Rpt1 15.10 134.00 303.00 134 169.00 303.00 303.00 303.00 313.00 293.00

f) LOS Graph

g) Computations

COMPUTATION: Earth’s Curvature

EC=0.667 (0.00 ) (15.00 )

4 /3=0.00( ft )

EC=0.667 (0.50 ) (14.60 )

4 /3=3.65( ft)

EC=0.667 (0.69 ) (14.41 )

4 /3=4.97( ft )

EC=0.667 (1.46 ) (13.64 )

4 /3=9.96 (ft )

EC=0.667 (1.93 ) (13.17 )

4 /3=12.72(ft )


0.000.69

1.932.71

3.804.71

6.007.00

7.918.91

9.8311.00

11.7012.50

13.8015.00

0.00

50.00

100.00

150.00

200.00

250.00

300.00

350.00

EC (ft)ElevationT&GFresnelLOSiLOSi + FLOS - FLOSi + FZLOS - FZ


2013

EC=0.667 (2.50 ) (12.60 )

4 /3=15.76( ft)

EC=0.667 (2.71 ) (12.39 )

4 /3=16.80 (ft )

EC=0.667 (3.36 ) (11.74 )

4 /3=19.73 (ft )

EC=0.667 (3.80 ) (11.30 )

4/3=21.48( ft )

EC=0.667 (4.50 ) (10.60 )

4 /3=23.86( ft )

EC=0.667 (4.71 ) (10.39 )

4 /3=24.48( ft)

EC=0.667 (5.46 ) (9.64 )

4 /3=26.33 (ft )

EC=0.667 (6.00 ) (9.10 )

4 /3=27.31( ft)

EC=0.667 (6.37 ) (8.73 )

4 /3=27.82( ft)

EC=0.667 (7.00 ) ( 8.10 )

4 /3=28.36( ft )

EC=0.667 (7.50 ) (7.60 )

4 /3=28.51(ft )

EC=0.667 (7.91 ) (7.19 )

4/3=28.45 (ft )

EC=0.667 (8.00 ) (7.10 )

4 /3=28.41( ft)

EC=0.667 (8.91 ) (6.19 )

4 /3=27.59(ft )

EC=0.667 (9.50 ) (5.60 )

4 /3=26.61( ft)

EC=0.667 (9.83 ) (5.27 )

4 /3=25.92( ft)

EC=0.667 (10.20 ) ( 4.90 )

4 /3=25.00( ft )

EC=0.667 (11.00 ) (4.10 )

4 /3=22.56 ( ft)

EC=0.667 (11.20 ) (3.90 )

4/3=21.85( ft )

EC=0.667 (11.70 ) (3.40 )

4/3=19.90( ft )

EC=0.667 (12.40 ) (2.70 )

4 /3=16.75(ft )

EC=0.667 (12.50 ) (2.60 )

4 /3=12.26( ft)

EC=0.667 (13.40 ) (1.70 )

4 /3=11.40( ft )

EC=0.667 (13.80 ) (1.30 )

4 /3=8.97( ft)

EC=0.667 (14.30 ) (0.80 )

4 /3=5.72(ft )

EC=0.667 (15.00 ) (0.10 )

4 /3=0.75( ft)

EC=0.667 (15.10 ) (0.00 )

4 /3=0.00( ft )

COMPUTATION: Fresnel Zone

FZ=[0.61∗72.1√ (0.00 ) (15.00 )(14.4 ) (15 ) ]+10=10.00 (ft )



2013

FZ=[0.61∗72.1√ (0.50 ) (14.60 )(14.4 ) (15 ) ]+10=18.06 (ft )

FZ=[0.61∗72.1√ (0.69 ) (14.41 )(14.4 ) (15 ) ]+10=19.40( ft )

FZ=[0.61∗72.1√ (1.46 ) (13.64 )(14.4 ) (15 ) ]+10=23.31(ft )

FZ=[0.61∗72.1√ (1.93 ) (13.17 )(14.4 ) (15 ) ]+10=25.04 ( ft)

FZ=[0.61∗72.1√ (2.50 ) (12.60 )(14.4 ) (15 ) ]+10=26.74 ( ft)

FZ=[0.61∗72.1√ (2.71 ) (12.39 )(14.4 ) (15 ) ]+10=27.28( ft )

FZ=[0.61∗72.1√ (3.36 ) (11.74 )(14.4 ) (15 ) ]+10=28.73( ft )

FZ=[0.61∗72.1√ (3.80 ) (11.30)(14.4 ) (15 ) ]+10=29.54( ft )

FZ=[0.61∗72.1√ (4.50 ) (10.60 )(14.4 ) (15 ) ]+10=30.60( ft)

FZ=[0.61∗72.1√ (4.71 ) (10.39 )(14.4 ) (15 ) ]+10=30.86 (ft )

FZ=[0.61∗72.1√ (5.46 ) (9.64 )(14.4 ) (15 ) ]+10=31.64( ft )

FZ=[0.61∗72.1√ (6.00 ) (9.10 )(14.4 ) (15 ) ]+10=32.04 ( ft )

FZ=[0.61∗72.1√ (6.37 ) (8.73 )(14.4 ) (15 ) ]+10=32.24( ft )

FZ=[0.61∗72.1√ (7.00 ) (8.10 )(14.4 ) (15 ) ]+10=32.46 (ft )

FZ=[0.61∗72.1√ (7.50 ) (7.60 )(14.4 ) (15 ) ]+10=32.52( ft )

FZ=[0.61∗72.1√ (7.91 ) (7.19 )(14.4 ) (15 ) ]+10=32.49( ft)

FZ=[0.61∗72.1√ (8.00 ) (7.10 )(14.4 ) (15 ) ]+10=32.48 (ft )

FZ=[0.61∗72.1√ (8.91 ) (6.19 )(14.4 ) (15 ) ]+10=32.15( ft )

FZ=[0.61∗72.1√ (9.50 ) (5.60 )(14.4 ) (15 ) ]+10=31.75 (ft )

FZ=[0.61∗72.1√ (9.83 ) (5.27 )(14.4 ) (15 ) ]+10=31.47 ( ft)

FZ=[0.61∗72.1√ (10.20 ) (4.90 )(14.4 ) (15 ) ]+10=31.09(ft )

FZ=[0.61∗72.1√ (11.00) (4.10 )(14.4 ) (15 ) ]+10=30.03( ft )

FZ=[0.61∗72.1√ (11.20) (3.90 )(14.4 ) (15 ) ]+10=29.71(ft )

FZ=[0.61∗72.1√ (11.70) (3.40 )(14.4 ) (15 ) ]+10=28.81(ft )

FZ=[0.61∗72.1√ (12.40 ) (2.70 )(14.4 ) (15 ) ]+10=27.26 (ft )

FZ=[0.61∗72.1√ (12.50 ) (2.60 )(14.4 ) (15 ) ]+10=27.00( ft )



2013

FZ=[0.61∗72.1√ (13.40 ) (1.70 )(14.4 ) (15 ) ]+10=24.24 (ft )

FZ=[0.61∗72.1√ (13.80 ) (1.30 )(14.4 ) (15 ) ]+10=22.63( ft )

FZ=[0.61∗72.1√ (14.30 ) (0.80 )(14.4 ) (15 ) ]+10=20.09 (ft )

FZ=[0.61∗72.1√ (15.00 ) (0.10 )(14.4 ) (15 ) ]+10=13.65 (ft )

FZ=[0.61∗72.1√ (15.10 ) (0.00 )(14.4 ) (15 ) ]+10=10.00 (ft )

COMPUTATION: Line of Sight

LOS=[ (303 )−(169 )15

∗(0.00 )]+(169 )=169.00 ( ft )

LOS=[ (303 )−(169 )15

∗(0.50 )]+(169 )=173.44 (ft )

LOS=[ (303 )−(169 )15

∗(0.69 )]+ (169 )=175.12 (ft )

LOS=[ (303 )−(169 )15

∗(1.46 )]+ (169 )=181.96 ( ft )

LOS=[ (303 )−(169 )15

∗(1.93 )]+ (169 )=186.13 (ft )

LOS=[ (303 )−(169 )15

∗(2.50 )]+ (169 )=191.19 ( ft )

LOS=[ (303 )−(169 )15

∗(2.71 )]+(169 )=193.05 (ft )

LOS=[ (303 )−(169 )15

∗(3.36 )]+ (169 )=198.82 (ft )

LOS=[ (303 )−(169 )15

∗(3.80 )]+ (169 )=202.72 (ft )

LOS=[ (303 )−(169 )15

∗( 4.50 )]+(169 )=208.93 (ft )

LOS=[ (303 )−(169 )15

∗( 4.71 )]+(169 )=210.80 ( ft )

LOS=[ (303 )−(169 )15

∗(5.46 )]+ (169 )=217.45 ( ft )

LOS=[ (303 )−(169 )15

∗(6.00 )]+ (169 )=222.25 ( ft )

LOS=[ (303 )−(169 )15

∗(6.37 )]+(169 )=225.53 ( ft )

LOS=[ (303 )−(169 )15

∗(7.00 )]+ (169 )=231.12 (ft )

LOS=[ (303 )−(169 )15

∗(7.50 )]+ (169 )=235.56 ( ft )

LOS=[ (303 )−(169 )15

∗(7.91 )]+(169 )=239.19 (ft )

LOS=[ (303 )−(169 )15

∗(8.00 )]+(169 )=239.99 ( ft )

LOS=[ (303 )− (169 )15

∗(8.91 )]+(169 )=248.07 (ft )

LOS=[ (303 )−(169 )15

∗(9.50 )]+(169 )=253.30 ( ft )

LOS=[ (303 )−(169 )15

∗(9.83 )]+(169 )=256.23 ( ft )



2013

LOS=[ (303 )−(169 )15

∗(10.20 )]+ (169 )=259.52 (ft )

LOS=[ (303 )−(169 )15

∗(11.00 )]+(169 )=266.62 ( ft )

LOS=[ (303 )−(169 )15

∗(11.20 )]+(169 )=2268.39 ( ft )

LOS=[ (303 )−(169 )15

∗(11.70 )]+(169 )=272.83 ( ft )

LOS=[ (303 )−(169 )15

∗(12.40 )]+ (169 )=279.04 ( ft )

LOS=[ (303 )−(169 )15

∗(12.50 )]+ (169 )=279.93 ( ft )

LOS=[ (303 )−(169 )15

∗(13.40 )]+ (169 )=287.91 (ft )

LOS=[ (303 )−(169 )15

∗(13.80 )]+ (169 )=291.46 ( ft )

LOS=[ (303 )−(169 )15

∗(14.30 )]+ (169 )=295.90 ( ft )

LOS=[ (303 )−(169 )15

∗(15.00 )]+ (169 )=302.11 ( f t )

LOS=[ (303 )−(169 )15

∗(15.10 )]+ (169 )=303.00 (ft )



2013

REFLECTION AREA

Site B (Moncada Municipal Hall) to Site (Repeater 1)

Ant. Height Site B = 90 ft

Ant. Height Site C = 100 ft

Computation

90 ft130 ft

=0.69

0.45 (15) = 6.75 miles

0.41 (15) = 6.15 miles



2013

PATH ANALYSIS

UNFADED C/N SITE B (MONCADA MUNICIPAL HALL) to REPEATER 1

1. Site Moncada Municipal Hall to site Repeater 1 2. Latitude / Longitude: 15°43'58.74"N / 120°34'23.20"E

to Latitude / Longitude: 15°30'53.54"N / 120°35'18.20"E3. Path Length: 15.1 miles4. Site B Elevation: 78 Ft Antenna Height: 90 Ft 5. Site R1 Elevation: 173 Ft Antenna Height: 130 Ft6. Azimuth from True North (Site B): 176.25° Angle of Inclination: 7. Azimuth from True North (Site C): 356.10° 356.10° - 176.25° = 179.85°8. Signal Type: Digital9. Frequency Band: 14.4 GHz - 14.88 GHz

Frequency: 14.43 GHz – 14.85 GHz10. FDM Channel: 8 Channels11. Type of Transmitter Equipment: Model FLR 15

Transmitter Output Power: Po = 1 Watt Po = 30 dBm

12. Tx Transmission Line Lossesa) Waveguide Type: EWP132 - 144

Length: 90 + 50 = 140 Ftb) Waveguide Loss/Length: 4.70 dB / 100 Ft

Waveguide Loss: 6.58 dBc) Flex Guide Loss: 0 dBd) Connector / Transition Type: 1132SC

No. of Connectors: 4Connector / Transition Loss: 0.01 dBTotal Loss: 0.04 dB

e) Directional Coupler Loss: 0 dB f) Circulator / Hybrid Loss: 0 dBg) Other Losses: 0 dBh) Total Transition Losses: 6.58 dB + 0.04 dB

TLL(Tx): 6.62 dB



2013

13. Tx Antenna Type: High Performance Antenna / Dual Polarized (HS10-144)Diameter: 10 FtComputed Antenna Gain = 7.5 + 20log(10 Ft) + 20log(14.43 GHz)

= 50.69 dB

14. Radome Loss = 50.69 – 50.2 Antenna Gain = 50.8 dB Radome Loss = 0.49 dB

15. Effective Isotropic Radiated Power:EIRP = Po(dBm) + G(Tx) - TLL(Tx)EIRP = 30 dBm + 50.8 – 6.62 dBEIRP = 74.18 dBm

16. Free Space Loss: 96.6 + 20log(15.1 mi) + 20log(14.79 GHz)FSL = 143.58 dB

17. Unfaded IRL = EIRP – FSL = 74.18 dBm – 143.58 dBUnfaded IRL = -69.4 dBm

18. Rx Antenna Type: High Performance Antenna / Dual Polarized (HS10-144)Diameter: 10 FtComputed Antenna Gain = 7.5 + 20log(10 Ft) + 20log(14.43 GHz)

= 50.69 dB19. Rx Transmission Line Losses

a) Waveguide Type: EWP132 - 144 Length: 130 + 50 = 180 Ft

b) Waveguide Loss/Length: 4.70 dB / 100 Ft Waveguide Loss: 8.46 dB

c) Flex Guide Loss: 0 dBd) Connector / Transition Type: 1132SC

No. of Connectors: 4Connector / Transition Loss: 0.01 dBTotal Loss: 0.04 dB

e) Directional Coupler Loss: 0 dB f) Circulator / Hybrid Loss: 0 dBg) Other Losses: 0 dBh) Total Transition Losses: 8.46 dB + 0.04 dB

TLL(Rx) = 8.5 dB20. Unfaded RSL = Unfaded IRL + G(Rx) – TLL(Rx)

= -69.4 dBm + 50.8 dB – 8.5 dBUnfaded RSL = - 27.1

21. Type of Receiver Equipment: Model FLR 15 22. Rx Noise Figure: 4dB23. Rx IFBW: 70 MHz24. Rx Thermal Noise Threshold: - 84 dBm


99.99 99.998 99.999

x

38

48


2013

25. Unfaded C/N = -25.73 dBm – (- 84 dBm )Unfaded C/N = 56.9 dB

FADED C/N SITE B (MONCADA MUNICIPAL HALL) to REPEATER 1

o System Availability: 99.99%o Required Availability:

UnavailabilityLinks

=1−Availabilityno .of links

UnavailabilityLink

=1−0.99996

=0.00002

AvailabilityLink

=1−0.00002

AvailabilityLink

=0.99998

o Reliability per Link : 99.998%

Time Availability Fade Margin (dB)90 % 899 % 18

99.9 % 2899.99% 3899.999 % 48

o Rayleigh Method:

Required Availability: 99.99%Fade Margin: 46.87 dB



2013

o Siemens Method:

Radio Link Type: Type BRequired Availability: 99.99%Unavailability (W): 0.002%Frequency (f): 14.85 GHzPath Length (d): 24.3 kmFading Depth in dB (A):

W = 8x10-7 fd2.5 x 10-A/10

0.00002 = (8x10-7) (14.85 GHz) (24.3)2.5 x 10-A/10

A = 32.38 dB

o ITU-R METHOD

C (Lat) = 0 C (Long) = 0 Ρ = 20

Geo-climatic factor (k):k = 10−(6.5−CLat−C Long) ρ1.5

L

= 10-6.5 (201.5) = 28.28 x 10-6

Frequency (f) = 14.85 GHzPath Length (d) = 24.3 kmRequired Availability = 99.99%Unavailability (ρw) = 0.002%Height:

Site B = 78 (ft) + 90 (ft) = 168 (ft) 51.21 (m) Repeater 1 = 173 (ft) + 130 (ft) = 303 (ft) 92.35 (m)

Path Inclination in mrad:

|ερ|=|hr−he|

d

|ερ|=|51.21−92.35|

24.3=1.69

Fade Margin (A):

ρw=k d3.6 f 0.89 ¿¿

0.002 %=(28.28×10−6 ) (24.3 )3.6 (14.85 )0.89 (1+|1.69|)−1.4 (10 )−A10 %

A = 35.8 dB

Attenuation Losses:o Due to Atmospheric Absorption:

Path Length(miles)

Attenuation in dB2.4 – 6 GHz 8 GHz 10 GHz 12 GHz

20 0.2 0.26 0.32 0.38


14 14.4

x

0.01

0


2013

40 0.4 0.52 0.64 0.7660 0.6 0.78 0.96 1.1480 0.8 1.04 1.28 1.52

o Due to Atmospheric Gases:Frequency Losses(dB)/mile

2 GHz 0.00028 GHz 0.00214 GHz 0.01

o Due to Oxygen

Loxygen( dBkm )=(7.19×10−3+

6.09

f 2−0.229+

4.81( f −57¿¿¿2+75 ) )( f 2 (10

−3 ))

Loxygen( dBkm )=(7.19×10−3+

6.09

14.42−0.229+

4.81(14.4−57¿¿¿2+75 ) ) (14.4

2 ( 10−3 ))

Loxygen=0.0131dBkm

∗24.3km=0.32dB

o Due to Water Vapor


0.38

Y

14.412 0

x

0.47

15.1 20 0

y−014.4−0

=0.38−012−0

y=14.4∗0.3812

y=0.47dB0.47−020−0

= x−015.1−0

x=0.47∗15.120

x=0.35dB


2013

Lwvapor( dBkm )=(0.067+3

(f −22.3 )2+7.3+

9

( f−183.3 )2+6+

4.3

(f −323.8 )2+10 ) (12 f 2 (11−4 ))

Lwvapor( dBkm )=(0.067+3

(14.4−22.3 )2+7.3+

9

(14.4−183.3 )2+6+

4.3

(14.4−323.8 )2+10 ) (12(14.4)2 (11−4 ))

Lwvapor=0.0188dBkm

∗24.3km=0.46dB

o Due to Fog

Frequency: 14.4 GHz Attenuation in fog or cloud: 0.032 gm/m3 (F)Attenuation: 0 dB / km

o Due to Rainfall Rate

Frequency: 14.4 GHzSol’n

350mm1month

Xmonth720hr

=0.49mm/hr

Attenuation in rainfall intensity of: 4.0 mm/hr (moderate rain – 0.16 in/hr (F)Attenuation: 0 dB / km

o Atmospheric Losses

Atmospheric Losses = A + B + C + D + E + F = 0.35 + 0.15 + 0.32 + 0.46 + 0 + 0

= 1.28 dB

o Diffraction Loss = 0 dB

o FM

Since the computation of Rayleigh Method is greater than the other two computations. Therefore.

FM = 46.87 dB

o Total Faded Loss

FADED IRL = EIRP – FSL – FM – ATM – DIFF LOSS = 74.18 – 143.58 – 46.87 – 1.28 – 0 = -117.55 dBm

FADED RSL = FADED IRL + GRxL – TLLRx



2013

= -117.55 + 50.8 – 8.5 = -75.25 dBm

FADED C/N = FADED RSL – Rx(Threshold) = -66.38 – (-84)

= 8.75 dB

Adjusted C/N & Reliability Req’d:

C/N = 56 dB

UnAv=1−0.99996

For 6 Links:Avail / Link = 99.998 %

Computed:

Faded C/N = 17.62 dB

Sol’n

Set C/N Link = 56 dB = RSL faded – Pn (dBm)RSL (faded) = 56 + (-84 dBm)

RSL (faded) = - 28 dBm

RSL (faded) = IRL (faded) + G (Rx) – TLL (Rx)IRL (faded) = -28 dBm – 50.8 + 8.5

IRL (faded) = -70.30 dBm

IRL (faded) = EIRP – FSL – all Atm. losses – FMFM = 74.18 – 143.58 – 1.28 + 70.30

FM = -0.38 dB

Solve for FM (or A) = dB

Next: comp. for the availability / unit

a) Rayleigh


X

99

188

90

99−x18−0.38

= 90−x8−0.38

x=82.46 %


2013

b) Siemens Method

W = 8x10-7 fd2.5 x 10-A/10

W = (8x10-7) (14.85 GHz) (24.3)2.5 x 100.38/10

W = 0.03774

Availability = 1 – UnavailabilityAvailability = 1 – 0.03774

Availability = 96.23%

c) ITU-R Method

ρw=k d3.6 f 0.89 ¿¿

ρw=(28.28×10−6 ) (24.3 )3.6 (14.85 )0.89 (1+|1.69|)−1.4 (10 )−−0.38

10

ρw=0.0823

Availability = 1 – UnavailabilityAvailability = 1 – 0.0823Availability = 91.70%

Improving C/N using diversity

Let F1 = 14.43 GHz

Let F2 = 14.67 GHz

14.67−14.4314.67

x100=1.64%

14.71−14.4914.71

x 100=1.50 %

14.79−14.5514.79

x 100=1.62 %


0.38


2013

14.85−14.6114.85

x 100=1.62 %

Fade Margin = 25 dB

C/N (Improved) = EIRP – FSL – Atm. Losses – Diff. Loss – FM (Improved) – Pn – TLL(Rx) + G(Rx)C/N (Improved) = 74.18 – 143.58 – 1.28 – 0 – 25 + 84 – 8.5 + 50.8

C/N (Improved) = 30.62 dBm

Space Diversity

Formula:

I SD=(7 x10−5)( f 2)(s)(10FM /10)

D

where:

f = frequency in GHz.

s = vertical antenna spacing in ft.

FM = fade margin in dB associated to the 2nd antenna.

Sol’n

I SD=(7 x10−5)(14.43GHz2)(160)(10−0.38/10)

15.1

I SD=0.1415

U S .÷.=P ref

I SD

U S .÷.=0.000020.1415

=0.0001413

Availability=1−0.0001413

Availability=99.99 %



2013

SPECIFICATIONS

a) Antenna Specifications



2013

b) Transceiver and Receiver Specifications

c) Waveguide Specifications



2013


B

Documents

g e ece department ece

e university

e e geological

inhabitants moncada

east caloocan campus

city of moncada

province of tarlac

b microwave los design