B4C Technologies, Inc.

1Confidential

B4C Technologies, Inc.

Technology Overview

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• B4C Technologies, Inc. has developed a commercially viable Thermal Boron Diffusion (TBD) process which uses chemistry and heat to produce a hard and slick Intermetallic non-brittle Boride layer at the surface of metal parts.

• The TBD surface provides permanent lubrication regardless of load.

• TBD hardness is 1800-2300 Knoop (70 Rockwell C = 972 Knoop).

• Process produces no change in part dimension or surface finish.

• Chemistry and processes are environmentally benign, no hazardous waste is produced.

• Ideal replacement for Hexavalent hard chrome, iron nitriding, PVD, CVD, HVOF, carbonitriding, and boronizing.

• No potential of bond failure.

• No increase in brittleness- excellent impact resistance.

• Impervious to hydrochloric and sulfuric acids.

• Process is repeatable, scalable, and transferable.

OVERVIEW

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B4C THERMAL BORON DIFFUSION

Typical structure of TBD on low carbon steel

TBD hardness = 2300 KnoopSolid TBD depth ≈ 0.0013″Total TBD depth (bottom of “sawtooth”) ≈ 0.006″Base metal hardness = 44 HRA (77 HRB)

low carbon steel

TBD layer

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Quadrant 3 Quadrant 4

Quadrant 1 Quadrant 2200X 200X

200X 200X

UNIFORMITY- CUSTOMER EVALUATIONS

1. Oil & Gas company evaluation of well pipe bore:“The Fe2B layer depth was essentially the same all the way around the pipe sample with no detectable change in thickness.”

2. US Army ARDEC, L-605 alloy barrel bore

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HARDNESS

MATERIAL Knoop @ 50g load Rockwell C

Mild Steel 180-210 20-23

High Carbon Steel 650-750 55-61

Hexavalent Hard Chrome 920-1000 68-70

HVOF 90% Wc 1310 84 (extrapolated)

Tungsten Carbide 1610 91 (extrapolated)

B4C TBD 2100 116 (extrapolated)

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FALEX ASTM G-77

• B4C engaged Falex Corporation to conduct a wear test comparing treated and untreated parts.

• All test specimens are 1018 steel.

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Untreated Block and Ring

Phase 1 test: 1 hr @ 72 RPM with 150 lb. load block lost 13 mg.

Phase 2 test: 30 sec. @ 1000 RPM with 30 lb. load, test machine disengaged due to severe galling.

Treated Block and Ring

Phase 1 test: 1 hr @ 72 RPM with 150 lb. load block lost 1 mg

Phase 2 test: 1000 RPM with 1000 lb. load, test suspended, no increase in friction or galling noted.

FALEX ASTM G-77 RESULTS

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0.0000

0.1000

0.2000

0.3000

0.4000

0.5000

0.6000

0.7000

0.8000

0.9000

17-4ph4140

4140HTD2

1010316

M4A2

O2

Mas

s Lo

ss (

gram

s)

Material Type

ASTM G-65200 RPM Wheel Speed, 2000 Cycles, 10 minutes, 30 lbf Load, 300-400 g/min Sand Flow

Fe2B STD

FALEX ASTM G-65

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ACID TEST

Ammo Reloading die bore was B4C TBD treated and die was cut in half.

Die section on left was immersed in a 70% solution of hydrochloric acid for five days.

Die section on right was not exposed to Acid. Shown for comparison.

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• Cast iron, Ductile Gray• Mild/carbon steel (AISI

1010, 1018, 1026)• Chrome-moly Steel

(AISI 4140, 4340, 4150)• 300 & 400 series

Stainless Steel (AISI 304, 316, 410, 440C)

• Inconel/Stellite (Inconel 725, L-605)

• Powdered metal

• Titanium• High – speed Steel• Sintered/duplex metals

• Aluminum/Zinc• Re-sulfurized steel• Copper• Leaded steel

MATERIAL COMPATIBILITY

Preferred Under Development Untreatable

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Properties Hexavalent Hard Cr HVOF B4C TBD

Knoop Hardness @50g load 980 1310 2200

Bond Strength, Instron pull test 1090 lbs. 210 lbs unlimited

Abrasion resistance, ASTM G-65 mass loss (mm3) 10.71 4 1.89

Hazard Potential Very High Medium Low

Hazardous Waste Very High Medium none

Dimensional Growth 0.001" 0.006" none

Sufuric/Hydrochloric Acid Resistance none none High

Ductility Poor Very Poor Excellent

Impact Resistance Poor Very Poor Excellent

Uniform layer as applied Poor Poor 100%

METAL COATING COMPARISON

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Property Hexavalent Hard Chrome B4C TBD

Knoop Hardness 600-900 1800-2200

Rockwell C hardness 53-63 >>80

Abrasion resistance, ASTM G-65 mass loss (mm3) 10.71 1.89

Dimensional Change equal to coating thickness None

Layer Thickness Range 0.0003"-0.006" 0.0003"-0.0020" deep

Bond Strength 1090 lbs. tensile n/a: no potential for bond failure

Layer Uniformity Fair Excellent

Sulfuric & Hydrochloric Acid Resistance Poor Excellent

Hazardous Waste Generation Severe None

Brittleness High None

B4C TBD vs. HEXAVALENT HARD CHROME

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B4C Technologies, Inc.

Ken Hoffman, CEO4306 SW Cargo WayPalm City, FL 34990

[email protected]