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B2 Router Troubleshooting Sp

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Session Number 

PresentationI!

Troubleshooting Básico para Router 

CCNA 2 v3.0

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Prueba de Conectividad de Red

" Una ve !ue ha"a con#igurado una red con todos losre!ueri$ientos% veri#i!ue la conectividad " convergencia con lossiguientes co$andos&

show ip route

Aseg'rese !ue todas las redes con#iguradas sean

listadas en la tabla de enruta$iento para cada router. ping

(aga Ping a todas las inter#aces " hosts.

traceroute

Aseg'rese !ue la ruta deseada está siendo usada porlos routers.

" )i un proble$a es detectado% e$piece una propuesta siste$áticapara buscar soluci*n al proble$a.

+l resto de esta presentaci*n está apegado a Troubleshooting.

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,escripci*n de Troubleshooting

" Troubleshooting de proble$as de conectividad dered " convergencia es un hecho de la vida de losAd$inistradores de Red.

" ,os habilidades !ue los candidatos CCNA debentener&

Aplicar el -todo Cient/#ico para buscar soluciones aredes.

Usar el $odelo )1 para aislar " de#inir proble$as

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+l -todo Cient/#ico Aplicado a Redes

os pasos en Troubleshooting son&1denti#icar el proble$a

btener " analiar datos

Proponer posible soluci*nes4

1$ple$entar la soluci*n

5eri#icar si el proble$a es resuelto

,ocu$entar la resoluci*n

a siguiente diapositiva $ostrará esto grá#ica$ente.

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,iagra$a de 6lu7o de Troubleshooting

8. 1denti#icar el proble$a

2. btener " analiar datos

3. Proponer posiblesoluci*nes4

9. 1$ple$entar la soluci*n

:. ;+l proble$a está resuelto<

=. ,ocu$entar la resoluci*n

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+l -odelo )1 " Troubleshooting

" +l -odelo )1 proporciona unaestructura para aislar proble$as

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Nuestra Topolog/a

" Usare$os esta topolog/a para $ostrar los co$andos

discutidos en esta presentaci*n.

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Session Number 

PresentationI!

Troubleshooting Capa 8

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>5eri#icar la Capa 6/sica Pri$ero?

" +rrores co$unes en la Capa 8 inclu"en&

,ispositivos apagadosCables rotos o desconectados

Cables conectados al puerto e!uivocado

Cone@i*n del cable inter$itente

Cables daados usados para la tarea a $anol

Usted deberá usar cables rollovers%crossover " straighthrought correcta$ente

Proble$as de Transceiver 

Proble$as de ,C+,T+

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1denti#icando " Aislando Proble$as de Capa8

" 5eri#i!ue !ue todos los dispositivos estnencendidos.

" 5eri#i!ue todas las luces de enlace en las inter#acesde router% sDitches% hubs " N1Cs de las PC.

" 5eri#i!ue el uso apropiado de cable& cruado%rollover% parchado " ,C+ vs ,T+.

" 5eri#i!ue los transceivers para asegurarse !ue

estn traba7ando apropiada$ente ;los indicadoresdeTE " RE están encendidos<4.

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Co$andos Ftiles de la Capa 6/sica

" )i todo parece estar bien #/sica$ente% use los

siguientes co$andos para aislar Proble$aspotenciales de Capa 8&

show ip interface brief

show ip protocols

show controllers

show interface

show version

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show ip interface brief

" a #or$a $ás rápida paraveri#icar el estado de las

inter#aces es usar el co$andoshow ip interface brief.

a colu$na con t/tulostatus se re#iere a la capa#/sica.

a colu$na con t/tuloprotocol se re#iere a la capade enlace de datos.

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show protocols

" +l co$ando shoD protocols proporciona la $is$a in#or$aci*n !ue elco$ando shoD ip inter#ace brie#.

" ,espliega las dos pri$eras l/neas de la salida del co$ando shoD inter#ace.

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+@plicaci*n de la )alida del Co$ando

,ispla"ed utput ,escription

Serial 0 is administratively down,line protocol is down

Ad$inistrativel" disabled inter#aceshutdown4

Serial 0 is down, line protocol isdown

A hardDare proble$& $ No poDer $ Cable $is$atch or bad cable $ ,e#ective transceiver  $ ,e#ective inter#ace

Serial 0 is up, line protocol is

down

A la"er 2 proble$& could be... $ Geepalives not being sent $ ClocH rate $issing on ,C+ side $ -is$atched encapsulation t"pe

Serial 0 is up, line protocol isup

1nter#ace is operational at both la"ers.

Router#show protocols !also show interface

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show controllers

" +l co$ando shoD controllers es la #or$a $ás rápida de ver si el

estado ,C+,T+ de una inter#ace está con#igurado correcta$ente." Use este co$and pri$ero si el co$ando shoD protocols reporta

)erial 0 is up% line protocol is doDn.

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show interface

" )i a$bos line " protocol están up%aseg'rese !ue otros proble$as deCapa 8 no están causando la #alla.

Use el co$ando co$pleto shoDinter#ace.

+l n'$ero de errores de entrada "salida% inter#ace resets " carrier

transitions están resaltadas enaul en la grá#ica.

Un n'$ero e@cesivo podr/aindicar un proble$a de capa #/sicaco$o se e@plica en la siguientediapositiva.

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+@plicaci*n de la )alida del Co$ando

,ispla"ed utput ,escription

1ncreased nu$ber o# input errors or

output errors Caused b"...

 $ 6ault" Telco e!uip$ent $ Nois" serial line $ 1ncorrect cable or cable length $ ,a$aged cable or connection

 $ ,e#ective C)U or ,)U $ ,e#ective router hardDare

1ncreased nu$ber o# interface resets  Caused b" $issed Heepalives resulting#ro$...

 $ A bad line causing carrier transitions $ A possible hardDare proble$ at the

C)U,)U or sDitch

1ncreased nu$ber o# carriertransitions

Caused b"... $ ine interruptions #ro$ 1)P $ 6ault" CP+ e!uip& router% C)U,)U% sDitch

Router#show interface

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Tie$po desde !ue se encendi* el Router 

" Use el co$ando show version para ver cuánto tie$po ha estadp

encendido un router.

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Session Number 

PresentationI!

Troubleshooting Capa 2

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5eri#i!ue la Capa de +nlace de ,atos

" os errores co$unes en la Capa 2inclu"en&

1nter#aces incorrecta$ente con#iguradas

+ncapsulation a7ustado incorrecta$ente

Con#iguraciones de clocHrate incorrectasen inter#aces seriales.

Proble$as con la tar7eta inter#a de redN1C4

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1denti#icando " Aislando los Proble$as de Capa 2

" Use el co$ando show interface para veri#icar

!ueI$ensa7es de actividad Heepalives4 están siendo enviados

clocHrates están correcta$ente con#igurados

encapsultions están correcta$ente con#igurados

" Use los co$andos show cdp neighbors " show 

cdp neighbors detail para veri#icarconectividad con los dispositivos Ciscodirecta$ente conectados.

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show interface

" 5eri#i!ue el encapsula$iento " $ensa7es de actividadHeepalives4.

" a #alta de Heepalives puede indicar algunos proble$as.

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show cdp neighbors

" +l co$ando% show cdp neighbors% es 'til para obtenerin#or$aci*n acerca de los dispositivos Cisco directa$enteconectados.

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Session Number 

PresentationI!

Troubleshooting Capa 3

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5eri#i!ue la Capa de Red

" +rrores co$unes en laCapa 3 inclu"en&

Protocolo de +nruta$iento nohabilitado o con#igurado

incorrecta$ente.Protocolo de enruta$ientoactivo e!uivocado

,irecciones 1P incorrectas

-áscaras de subredincorrectas

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Co$andos Ftiles de la Capa de Red

" Use los siguientes co$andos para

veri#icar la Capa de Red.show ip route

show ip protocols

show interface

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show ip route

" +l co$ando show ip route in$ediata$ente le dirá si su

red ha convergido o no.

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+@plicaci*n del co$ando show ip route

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+l co$ando shoD ip protocols

" show ip protocols desplegará in#or$aci*n

acerca del los4 protocolo deenruta$iento con#igurado%inclu"endoI

Redes anunciadas

5ecinos de +nruta$ientoTe$poriadores

Flti$a actualiaci*n recibida.

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+l Co$ando shoD inter#ace

" Use show interface para veri#icar la direcci*n 1P correcta "$áscaras de subred !ue están con#iguradas.

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Session Number 

PresentationI!

Troubleshooting Capa J

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Una Palabra Acerca del -odelo TCP1P

" +n $uchas #or$as% el -odeloTCP1P es $e7or para usarsecuando se piensa enTroubleshooting.

a $a"or/a de aplicaciones de laCapa de Aplicaci*n inclu"en los

protocolos de las capas dePresentaci*n " )esi*n.

)in e$bargo% todav/a es buenopensar acerca de las Capas de+nlace de ,atos " 6/sica co$oentidades de troubleshooting

separadas.

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5eri#i!ue la Capa de Aplicaci*n

" Para veri#icar la capa deAplicaci*n% use el co$andotelnet. 

" ,ado !ue Telnet es unaaplicaci*n de la suite delprotocolo TCP1P% un telnete@itoso al destino veri#ica !uelas J capas son operacionales.

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Use el co$ando debug 

" Casi cual!uier proceso del router puede ser $onitoreado con una#or$a del co$ando debug del nivel +E+C privilegiado.

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Con#igurando clocH " ti$esta$p

" a salida del debug puede ser eti!uetada con una $arca

horaria para tie$po de encendido o #echa " hora actual" Puede con#igurar uno o dos ti$esta$ps $arca4 para su

salida de debug Kcual!uiera el Lupti$eM o el Ldateti$eM.)olo puede ser usado uno a la ve.

" +l co$ando router(config)# service timestampsdebug uptime eti!uetará la salida debug con el tie$pototal desde !ue el router Llevant*M.

"  +l co$ando router(config)# service timestamps

debug datetime eti!uetará la salida del debug con la

#echa actual " hora con#igurada con el co$ando clocHset.

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