Top Banner
35

B u| B ?} @? |i , L*| L? Lu LLTih@| L?

Apr 14, 2022

Download

Documents

dariahiddleston
Welcome message from author
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
Page 1: B u| B ?} @? |i , L*| L? Lu LLTih@| L?

B�u| B���?} @?_ |�i ,�L*�|�L? Lu �LLTih@|�L?�

O wLh?i �@h4�U�@i* ` �i?|*i) �@UwiL_|

6�ht| Viht�L? ��}�t| �bb2

A��t �iht�L? a@?@�h) �bbS

6Lh|�UL4�?} W?|ih?@|�L?@* ,UL?L4�U +i��i��

Devwudfw

Jliw jlylqj lv d sudfwlfh frpprq wr pdq| vrflhwlhv1 Lq dq hyroxwlrqdu| prgho wkh

vrfldo fxvwrp ri jlylqj jliwv dw wkh ehjlqqlqj ri d uhodwlrqvkls fdq ohdg wr wuxvw dqg

frrshudwlrq1 Wkh hyroxwlrqdu| dssurdfk pdnhv suhglfwlrqv derxw wkh fkdudfwhu ri wkh

jrrgv wkdw fdq eh xvhg dv jliwv1 Iru h{dpsoh/ jliw jrrgv pd| kdyh olwwoh xvh ydoxh

hyhq dw orz ohyhov ri frqvxpswlrq1 Dowkrxjk wkh jliwv wkhpvhoyhv duh xvhohvv/ wkh

lqvwlwxwlrq lv qrw1

�Vxeplwwhg Dxjxvw 4<<7/ uhylvhg Ghfhpehu 4<<8|Wkh dxwkruv zrxog olnh wr wkdqn wkh VVKUFF iru vxssruw/ dqg Nhq elqpruh/ Hgglh Ghnho/ Gdylg

Grqdogvrq/ Klghvkl Lwrk/ Dnlklnr Pdwvxl/ Gdq Xvkhu/ dqg wkuhh dqrq|prxv uhihuhhv iru khosixo frpphqwv1

Page 2: B u| B ?} @? |i , L*| L? Lu LLTih@| L?

� W?|hL_�U|�L?

6hii_L4 Lu @ttLU�@|�L? Mh�?}t ��|� �| |�i h�}�| |L U�@?}i L?i<t @ttLU�@|it� A��t 4LM�*�|)

U@? *i@_ |L Mi||ih 4@|U�itc M�| �| 4@) @*tL �?_ih4�?i ULLTih@|�L? ��|��? @ 4@|U�� W?

hiTi@|i_ Th�tL?ih<t _�*i44@ }@4itc uLh i @4T*ic ULLTih@|�L? �t TLtt�M*i MiU@�ti @? @}i?|

U@??L| itU@Ti T�?�t�4i?| �u t�i U�i@|t� A��t T@Tih �**�t|h@|it �L� |�i U�t|L4 Lu }�u|

i U�@?}ic M) �4TLt�?} ULt|t @| |�i Mi}�??�?} Lu @ hi*@|�L?t��Tc U@? t�TTLh| ULLTih@|�L?

i�i? �? 4@h!i|t ��ihi U�i@|iht ?i�ih }i| U@�}�|�

B�u| }���?} U�t|L4t @hi ��_itThi@_c @?_ |�i Th@U|�Ui �t Lu|i? }L�ih?i_ M) t|h@?}i @?_

tii4�?}*) @hU@?i h�*it� W? |�i 4@hh�@}i 4@h!i|c uLh i @4T*ic @ �LTiu�* t��|Lh 4@) M�) @

UL?�i?|�L?@* }�u| }LL_c *�!i @ ML Lu U�LUL*@|it� Oi ��** hi4L�i |�i Th�Ui |@}c i�i? |�L�}�

|�i hiU�T�i?| ��** ThLM@M*) �@�i @ }LL_ it|�4@|i Lu |�i ULt|� Oi ��** i?U*Lti |�i }�u| �?

�h@TT�?} T@Tihc i�i? |�L�}� �i �@?|t ��t ThLtTiU|��i T@h|?ih |L �?�h@T �| @*4Lt|

�44i_�@|i*)� A�i? �i ��** Thiti?| �| ��i? �i 4ii|t �ih @| |�i _LLhc MiuLhi @?) L|�ih

4i@?�?}u�* UL?�iht@|�L? �@t Mi}�?� Oi �L�*_ ?i�ih UL?t�_ih }���?} 4L?i) E|�i 4Lt|

i�U�i?| }�u|�c @?_ �u �i _�_ tL �i 4�}�| �?_ |�i }�u| hi�iU|i_ @?_ |�i _LLh U*Lti_ �? ��t u@Ui�

A�i @ML�i �t @ �ih) UL?�i?|�L?@* @UUL�?|c M�| �@h�@|�L?t Lu �| @hi T*@)i_ L�| hiTi@|i_*)

�? it|ih? tLU�i|)� `�@| UL�*_ i T*@�? Th@U|�Uit *�!i |��tq �t!�?} |�i TiLT*i �?�L*�i_ ELh

L?i<t ti*u� �t �?*�!i*) |L }��i @? @?t�ih t�?Ui |�i @U|�L?t @hi T@h| Lu @ tLU�@* U�t|L4� A�i

@U|Lht L? i@U� t�_i !?L� |�@| |�i�h Mi�@��Lh �t @TThLTh�@|i uLh |�i t�|�@|�L?c @?_ ?L 4Lhi�

��| �L� �@t |�i tUh�T| �h�||i?q �?_ ��) �@t �| �h�||i? �? |��t T@h|�U�*@h �@)q

W? |��t T@Tih @ tLU�@* U�t|L4 �t i T*�U�|*) _i�?i_ @t @ Mi�@��Lh@* h�*i Lh t|h@|i}) |�@|

�t |@�}�| |L i@U� ?i� }i?ih@|�L? M) �|t T@hi?|t� A�i U��*_hi? �? 4Lt| U@tit uL**L� |�i h�*i

�?hi�iU|��i*) uLh |�i hit| Lu |�i�h *��itc @?_ �? |�h? |i@U� �| |L |�i�h L�? U��*_hi?2� A�i

UL?�i?|�L? �t |�ihiuLhi @ hiT*�U@|Lhc @U|�?} 4�U� *�!i @ }i?i �? @ 4L_i* Lu M�L*L}�U@*

i�L*�|�L?� i �ti |iU�?�^�it Lh�}�?@**) _i�i*LTi_ �? i�L*�|�L?@h) M�L*L}) |L }i?ih@|i

Thi_�U|�L?t @ML�| |�i U�*|�h@* h�*it |�@| ��** t�h���i �? i�L*�|�L?@h) i^��*�Mh��4�

5LU�@* tU�i?|�t|t �@�i Mii? u@4�*�@h ��|� |��t @TThL@U� t�?Ui �| �@t �ti_ M) � i*hL_

5Vhh Erdv +4<5;, iru d glvfxvvlrq ri fxowxuh dqg wkh uroh ri hgxfdwlrq1 Lq sduwlfxodu klv fkdswhu rq_Vwdelolw|

ri Fxowxuh% glvfxvvhv wkh zd| qrupv ri ehkdylrxu ehfrph dxwrpdwlf dqg uhlqirufhg wkurxjk ohduqlqj dqg

lplwdwlrq1 Frohpdq*v +4<;;, frqfhsw ri _vrfldo fdslwdo% lv vlplodu1

Page 3: B u| B ?} @? |i , L*| L? Lu LLTih@| L?

E�bHe�� W? ��t Ri�L*�|�L? Lu ULLTih@|�L?� 4L_i*c t|h@|i}�it �? @ TLT�*@|�L? T*@) @ hL�?_

hLM�? |L�h?@4i?| ��|� @** Lu |�i L|�ih t|h@|i}�it Thiti?|� A�i }@4i �t @? �?�?�|i*)

hiTi@|i_ Th�tL?ih<t _�*i44@� �t |�i |L�h?@4i?| UL?|�?�it |�i TLT�*@|�L? U@? Mi @_��t|i_

|L hi�iU| |�i hi*@|��i t�UUitt Lu i@U� Lu |�i t|h@|i}�it� � i*hL_ uL�?_ |�i t�4T*i h�*i R|�|

uLh |@|� �@t hi4@h!@M*) t�UUittu�* @| �?�@_�?} L|�ih TLT�*@|�L?tc _L4�?@|�?} @ _��ihti

}hL�T Lu t|h@|i}�itc @?_ hit�t|�?} �?�@t�L? L?Ui it|@M*�t�i_��

A�i iUL?L4�U UL?|i | �? |��t T@Tih �t hi*@|i_c M�| 4@) Mi 4Lhi hi@*�t|�U� W? L�h

tLU�i|) 4@|U�i_ T@�ht Lu @}i?|t @*tL T*@) hiTi@|i_ Th�tL?ih<t _�*i44@t� OL�i�ih @}i?|t @hi

4@|U�i_ ��|� i@U� L|�ih �? @ h@?_L4 u@t��L? @?_c 4Lhi �4TLh|@?|c |�i) U@? @| @?) |�4i

Mhi@! �T @ 4@|U� |L *LL! uLh @ ?i� L?i� A��t 4i@?t |�@| R|�| uLh |@|�c Lh @?) L|�ih

t|h@|i}) |�@| t|@h|t Lg ULLTih@|��i*)c ��** ?L| _L �ih) �i**� � TLT�*@|�L? Lu t�U� t|h@|i}�it

��** Mi �?�@_i_ M) RUL? 4i?�c Lh RT@h@t�|it�c ��L _iuiU| L? |�i �ht| 4L�i @?_ |�i? *i@�i

|L t|@h| @ ?i� 4@|U�� RA�| uLh |@|� �t |LL |h�t|�?}�

� TLT�*@|�L? Lu t|h@|i}�it |�@| t|@h| L�| ��|� L?i Lh 4Lhi _iuiU|�L?t U@? t�UUittu�**)

tUhii? L�| �?�@_iht Lu |��t !�?_� R��t|h�t| Lu t|h@?}iht� �@t i�L*�|�L?@h) �@*�i� �Lhi

�?|ihit|�?}c �L�i�ihc �t L�h 4@�? hit�*| |�@| @ t|@M*i }�u| }���?} U�t|L4 4@) i4ih}i� N?_ih

|��t UL?�i?|�L?c @? i U�@?}i Lu }�u|t @| |�i Mi}�??�?} Lu @ ?i� 4@|U� ��** Mhi@! _L�?

4�t|h�t| @?_ @**L� ULLTih@|�L? |L t|@h| �44i_�@|i*)� A�i hi@tL? �t t�4T*i� � T@h@t�|i �? @

}�u| }���?} tLU�i|) ��** �@�i |L M�) @ t�UUitt�L? Lu }�u|tc ���*i �?U�4Mi?| �L?it| |)Tit ?ii_

M�) |�i }�u| L?*) L?Ui� A�i }�u| }���?} U�t|L4 *L�iht |�i hi*@|��i hi|�h? |L Mi�?} @ T@h@t�|i�

5�?Ui |�i Th�tL?ih<t _�*i44@ �t t)44i|h�Uc |�i }�u|t �? L�h 4L_i* 4�t| Mi i U�@?}i_ �

}��i? @?_ hiUi��i_ � @| |�i Mi}�??�?} Lu @?) ?i� 4@|U�� W| uL**L�t |�@| |�i }�u|t 4�t| Mi

Th��@|i*) �?i�U�i?| � ��i� |�i) 4�t| ULt| 4Lhi |L T�hU�@ti |�@? |�i) @hi �Lh|� |L |�i

hiUi��ih� W? @ 4@h!i| tLU�i|) |�i U�t|L4 4@) |�ihiuLhi tTiU�u) @ T@h|�U�*@h ti| Lu }LL_t |L

Mi �ti_ @t }�u| }LL_t� A�i Th��@|i ULt| Lu T�hU�@t�?} |�i }�u| ��** |�i? h�ti @ML�i �|t �ti

�@*�i� #itT�|i |��tc |�i �?t|�|�|�L? 4@) Mi ^��|i i�U�i?| @| |�i tLU�@* *i�i* t�?Ui |�i i |h@

T@)4i?|t @hi @*4Lt| @** |h@?tuihhi_ |L |�i }�u| 4@!iht� B�u| }���?} �@t |��t @_�@?|@}i L�ih

6_Wlw iru wdw% lv qrw hyroxwlrqdulo| vwdeoh hyhq wkrxjk lw grhv zhoo lq vlpxodwlrqv1 Dovr/ wkh vwudwhj|

_Sdyory% grhv ehwwhu lq wkh yhu| orqj whup li pxwdwlrqv rffdvlrqdoo| hqwhu dqg li wkhuh lv d vpdoo srvvlelolw|

ri plvwdnhv1 Vhh Qrzdn dqg Vljpxqg +4<<5,1

Page 4: B u| B ?} @? |i , L*| L? Lu LLTih@| L?

L|�ih 4i|�L_t Lu t�TTLh|�?} ULLTih@|�L?�e

B�u| }���?} �t @ ��_itThi@_ @?_ UL4T*i �?t|�|�|�L?c @?_ �i _L ?L| U*@�4 |�@| L�h

4L_i* i T*@�?t @** Lu �|t �@h�@|�L?t� 6Lh i @4T*ic L�h 4L_i* �@t ?L|��?} |L _L ��|�

@*|h��t|�U }���?} ��|��? u@4�*�it E�iU!ihc �bH�� Lh ��|� hiU�ThLU�|) @t t|�_�i_ M) �@�tt

E�bbf�� W| �t 4Lhi U*Lti*) hi*@|i_ |L �@4ihih<t E�bHH� 4L_i* ��ihi }�u|t @hi �ti_ |L t�}?@*

L?i<t i TiU|@|�L?t @ML�| |�i ^�@*�|) Lu @ 4@|U�� OL�i�ihc |�i Thi_�U|�L?t Lu L�h 4L_i*

@**L� �t |L _�t|�?}��t� �| uhL4 |�iti L|�iht�

�Lt| Lu |�i Thi_�U|�L?t uL**L� uhL4 |�i t�4T*i �_i@ |�@| @ U�t|L4c �u �| �@t t�h���i_

)i@ht Lu i�L*�|�L?@h) UL4Ti|�|�L?c 4�t| �@�i �@_ @ }LL_ R�44�?i t)t|i4� � ��i� �| 4�t|

�@�i Mii? @M*i |L �}�| Lg @||i4T|t |L t�M�ih| �|� A��t @**L�t �t |L t@) @ }hi@| _i@* @ML�|

|�i }LL_t ���U� t�L�*_ Mi U�Lti? @t }�u| }LL_t� 6Lh i @4T*ic |�i Mit| }�u| }LL_t ��** �@�i

*�||*i �ti �@*�i i�i? @| �ih) *L� *i�i*t Lu UL?t�4T|�L?� A�i) t�L�*_ @*tL _iThiU�@|i h@T�_*)c

Lh Mi UL?t�4i_ @t @ T@h| Lu |�i i U�@?}i� A�i �h@TT�?} Lu }�u|t 4@!it i�L*�|�L?@h) ti?tic

@t _Lit |�i hi4L�@* Lu Th�Ui |@}tc i�i? |�L�}� |�i Th�Ui ��** Mi !?L�? |L |�i hiUi��ih�

�Lhi }i?ih@**)c |�i }�u| }���?} U�t|L4t �i t|�_) ��** t�hhL�?_ L?*) |�i �4TLh|@?|c *L?}

|ih4 hi*@|�L?t��Tt �? TiLT*i<t *��it� A�i t�3i Lu |�i }�u|t 4@) @*tL Mi �ih) t4@** hi*@|��i |L

|�i �@*�i Lu |�i ULLTih@|��i Mi�@��Lh |�i) t�TTLh|� �|�ih �4T*�U@|�L?t @hi _i�i*LTi_

|�hL�}�L�| |�i T@Tih�

A�i �ht| �@*u Lu |�i T@Tih �t _i�L|i_ |L it|@M*�t��?} |�i i �t|i?Ui Lu i�L*�|�L?@h�*)

t|@M*i i^��*�Mh�@ �? @ 4@|U��?} Th�tL?ih<t _�*i44@ 4L_i* ��|� UL44�?�U@|�L? @?_ }�u|t�

,�L*�|�L?@h) t|@M�*�|) �? |�L TihtL? hiTi@|i_ }@4it �@t Mii? t|�_�i_ M) 6�_i?Mih} @?_

�@t!�? E�bbf� @?_ �@t!�? E�bb��� A�i �4T*�U@|�L?t Lu UL44�?�U@|�L? uLh i�L*�|�L?@h)

t|@M�*�|) �? ?Lh4@* uLh4 }@4it @?_ t�}?@**�?} }@4it �t t|�_�i_ M) +LMtL? E�bbf�c �@|t��

E�bb��c k�4 @?_ 5LMi* E�bb2�c ��?4Lhi @?_ 5@4�i*tL? E�bb2�c �*�4ic k�4 @?_ 5LMi*

E�bb2� @?_ 5U�*@} E�bbe�� 5iU|�L? 2 Lu |��t T@Tih *@)t L�| L�h 4L_i* @?_ t�L�t |�@| @

hit�*| uhL4 |�iti T@Tiht @*tL �L*_t �? L�h UL?|i |� 5�?Ui L�h }@4i �@t ?L i�U�i?| �@t�

7Lq d vwdqgdug hfrqrplf iudphzrun/ frrshudwlrq fdq eh vxvwdlqhg zkhq wkhuh lv d vxusoxv wr wkh frqwlqx0

dwlrq ri d pdwfk +PdfOhrg dqg Pdofrpvrq/ 4<;<,1 Wklv vxusoxv fdq eh fuhdwhg e| xqhpsor|phqw +Vkdslur

dqg Vwljolw} +4<;7,,/ dq h{fkdqjh ri krvwdjhv +Zlooldpvrq +4<;6,,/ ru uhsxwdwlrqv +Nohlq dqg Oh�hu 4<:<,/

exw doo ri wkhvh lqyroyh vrph xvh ri uhvrxufhv1 Sd|phqwv wr wklug sduwlhv +Fduplfkdho +4<;6,, dyrlg wklv/ exw

fuhdwh lqfhqwlyhv iru frooxvlrq1 Wkhvh lvvxhv duh vxuyh|hg lq Fduplfkdho +4<;<,1

Page 5: B u| B ?} @? |i , L*| L? Lu LLTih@| L?

i^��*�Mh��4c ��|� ULt|*itt UL44�?�U@|�L? �| �@t ?L i�L*�|�L?@h�*) t|@M*i i^��*�Mh��4 i�|�ih�

i |�i? }L L? |L t�L� |�@| ��|� }�u| }���?}c �?|ihThi|i_ �ihi @t @ ULt|*) 4itt@}ic

ULLTih@|��i i�L*�|�L?@h�*) t|@M*i t|h@|i}�it i �t|� W? 5iU|�L? WWW �i t|�_) |�i i4T�h�U@*

�4T*�U@|�L?t Lu L�h i T*@?@|�L? uLh }�u|t @?_ UL?|h@t| |�i4 ��|� |�Lti Lu L|�ih iUL?L4�U

4L_i*t Lu }�u| }���?}�

2 A�i �L_i*

2�� �@t�U 5i|�T @?_ #i�?�|�L?t

i ��** t|�_) @? iUL?L4) ��|� @ UL?|�?��4 Lu @}i?|t �?_i i_ M) � 5 dfc�oc ��|� |L|@* 4@tt

i^�@* |L L?i� A�4i �t _�tUhi|i� �| |�i i?_ Lu i@U� Tih�L_ |�i uh@U|�L? E�� 4� Lu |�i @}i?|t

_�ic @?_ @hi hiT*@Ui_ ��|� ?i�c �?4@|U�i_ @}i?|t @| |�i Mi}�??�?} Lu |�i ?i | Tih�L_� 6Lh

t�4T*�U�|) �| �t @tt�4i_ |�@| 4@|U�i_ @}i?|t _�i |L}i|�ih� A�ihi �t ?L �?i4T*L)4i?| � @**

T*@)iht �?_ Lh UL?|�?�i @ 4@|U� i@U� Tih�L_�

�Lhi uLh4@**)c |�i t|@}it �? |�i ��t|Lh) Lu @ 4@|U� U@? Mi t�44@h�3i_ @t uL**L�t�

�� W?_���_�@*t @hi 4@|U�i_ @| |�i Mi}�??�?} Lu @ Tih�L_� i _i?L|i L?i �?_���_�@* �? @

4@|U� @t � @?_ |�i L|�ih @t �� �i�|�ih @}i?| �@t @?) !?L�*i_}i Lu |�i L|�ih<t @U|�L?t

�? Thi��L�t 4@|U�it�

2� ,@U� @}i?| t�4�*|@?iL�t*) ti?_t @ 4itt@}i |L �ih T@h|?ih� � 4itt@}i UL?t�t|t Lu @

ti^�i?Ui Lu t�}?@*t Lh �Lh_t |@!i? uhL4 |�i �?�?�|i ti| � ' i6E�����6E?����j� �}i?|

� ti?_t |�i 4itt@}i � ��� � A�iti 4itt@}it @hi ULt|*itt� �? @}i?| 4@) @*tL ti?_ @

}�u| |L �ih T@h|?ih� A�i ULt| Lu |�i }�u| U@? Mi U�Lti? |L Mi }� _L**@htc M�| |�i }�u|

UL?uiht ?L _�hiU| �|�*�|) L? |�i L|�ih TihtL?�

�� ,@U� @}i?| LMtih�it |�i 4itt@}i @?_ }�u| ti?| M) ��t T@h|?ih� i @tt�4i |�@|

4itt@}it U@? UL?|@�? L?*) @ �?�|i ?�4Mih Lu �Lh_t� wi| |�i t�}?@* Lh �Lh_ ��|� |�i

��}�it| �?_i ti?| M) @}i?| � Mi 6�E���� i @tt�4i |�@| |��t @}i?| LMtih�it |�i

t�}?@*t 6�E�� �T |L 6�E��� M�| ��** ?L| Mi @M*i |L LMtih�i @?) ��}�ih t�}?@*t�

Page 6: B u| B ?} @? |i , L*| L? Lu LLTih@| L?

e� �}i?|t |�i? T*@) @ t|@?_@h_ Th�tL?ih<t _�*i44@ ��|� @U|�L?t @ 5 i�c(j @?_ T@)Lgt

>E@�c @�� }��i? M)G

@� q@� � (

� � f

( � �

��ihi �| �t @tt�4i_ |�@| 2� : � : � : ��

D� A�i T@)Lgt @hi hiUi��i_ E�| �t ?L� |�i i?_ Lu |�i Tih�L_��

S� � uh@U|�L? E�� 4� Lu |�i 4@|U�it i?_ ��|� |�i _i@|� Lu i@U� T@h|?ih� A�i �?_���_�@*t

@hi hiT*@Ui_ ��|� �?4@|U�i_ @}i?|tc ��L uL**L� |�i t@4i t|h@|i}�it�

.� �}i?|t �? |�i hi4@�?�?} 4@|U�it t�4�*|@?iL�t*) _iU�_i ��i|�ih |L t|@) uLh L?i 4Lhi

Tih�L_c Lh |L tiT@h@|i� Wu @ tiT@h@|�L? LUU�htc |�i? ML|� @}i?|t hi|�h? |L |�i 4@h!i|�

H� A�i ThLUitt hiTi@|t� �i� @}i?|t @?_ tiT@h@|i_ @}i?|t @hi h@?_L4*) @?_

@?L?)4L�t*) 4@|U�i_ ��|� i@U� L|�ih� �@|U�i_ @}i?|t hi4@�? ��|� |�i�h L*_

T@h|?ihc M�| 4@) UL?|�?�i |L UL44�?�U@|i Lh i U�@?}i }�u|t �u |�i) ��t��

,�L*�|�L? �t _h��i? M) |�i i?|h) Lu ?i� t|h@|i}�it� ��| �u �?U�4Mi?|t U@? @UU�h@|i*)

�_i?|�u) ?i�UL4ihtc |�i? @?) t|h@|i}) |�@| @*�@)t _iuiU|t @}@�?t| L�|t�_iht ��** ?i�ih Mi

�?�@_i_� A�i 4itt@}i |iU�?L*L}) _itUh�Mi_ �? t|@}it 2 @?_ � @**L�t @}i?|t T*@)�?} @ ?i�

t|h@|i}) |L �ti @ RtiUhi| �@?_t�@!i� E+LMtL?c �bbf� |L �_i?|�u) i@U� L|�ih ���*i @TTi@h�?}

?Lh4@* |L �?U�4Mi?|t� A��t 4@!it �| 4�U� i@t�ih uLh ?i� t|h@|i}�it |L �?�@_i� `��*i ?L|

UL4T*i|i*) �?hi@*�t|�UcD |��t @TThL@U� �t U�Lti? uLh �|t t�4T*�U�|)�S

A�i @tt�4T|�L? |�@| �?�|i 4itt@}it UL4i uhL4 @? �?�?�|i 4itt@}i tT@Ui �t UL?t�t|i?|

��|� |�i U�@h@U|ih�t|�Ut Lu @?) ?@|�h@* *@?}�@}iG ��|� @ �?�|i @*T�@Mi| @?_ }h@44@h |�ihi

8Wkh iuhhpdvrqv duh suredeo| wkh ehvw Zhvwhuq h{dpsoh ri d vrflhw| zlwk vhfuhw zd|v iru phpehuv wr

lghqwli| hdfk rwkhu1 Klglvkl Lwrk kdv wrog xv wkdw uhvlghqwv ri N|rwr kdyh ghyhorshg d vhw ri fxvwrpv zlwk

wkh vdph h�hfw19Dq dowhuqdwlyh dssurdfk/ dv vkrzq e| Vfkodj +4<<7,/ lv wr vxssrvh wkdw lqglylgxdov frph iurp wzr

gl�huhqw srsxodwlrqv1 Lq wkdw fdvh hyroxwlrqdu| vwdelolw| fdq ohdg wr h�flhqw rxwfrphv hyhq zlwk d �qlwh

phvvdjh vsdfh1

Page 7: B u| B ?} @? |i , L*| L? Lu LLTih@| L?

�t ?L *�4�| |L |�i ?�4Mih Lu ULhhiU| i Thitt�L?t |�@| 4@) Mi UL?t|h�U|i_� vi| �?

UL44�?�U@|�?} ��|� @?L|�ih TihtL? �i U�LLti @ �?�|i 4itt@}i uhL4 |��t �?�?�|i ti|�

�L|i |�@| }�u|t @hi ULt|*) |L }��i M�| UL?uih ?L Mi?i�| |L |�i hiUi��ih� W? 5iU|�L? � �i

��** @h}�i |�@| }�u| }LL_t t�L�*_ �@�i *L� �ti �@*�ic M�| @| |��t t|@}i |�i @tt�4T|�L? �t

��t| @ ?Lh4@*�3@|�L? ���i� |�i @4L�?| }� �t |�i _�gihi?Ui Mi|�ii? |�i ULt| Lu |�i }�u| @?_ �|t

�@*�i |L |�i hiUi��ih� ��h @?@*)t�t ��** t�L� |�@| }� 4�t| Mi TLt�|��i �? @ ULLTih@|��i

i^��*�Mh��4�

W? @tt�4T|�L? S �i hi^��hi |�@| @}i?|t _�i �? T@�ht L?*) |L t�4T*�u) |�i UL4T�|@|�L? Lu

|�i i^��*�Mh��4 T@)Lgt� 6�?@**) �i t�TTLti |�@| |�i ��t|Lh) Lu @ 4@|U� �t Th��@|i

�?uLh4@|�L? |L |�i |�L T@h|�U�T@|�?} T@h|�itc @?_ @}i?|t �ti t|h@|i}�it |�@| @hi UL?|�?}i?|

L?*) L? |�i ��t|Lh) Lu |�i�h U�hhi?| 4@|U�� B��i? |�@| |�ihi �t @ UL?|�?��4 Lu @}i?|t |�i

ThLM@M�*�|) Lu 4ii|�?} |�i t@4i @}i?| @}@�? �t 3ihLc @?_ �i?Ui L?Ui tiT@h@|�L? �@t

LUU�hhi_ !?L�*i_}i Lu |��t 4@|U� �t �hhi*i�@?|�

�}i?| �<t i TiU|i_ T@)Lg �? Tih�L_ r �t }��i? M) T �

r� A�i Thiti?| i TiU|i_ �@*�i Lu

T@)Lgt |L @}i?| � i?|ih�?} |�i TLT�*@|�L? �? Tih�L_ 3ihL �t

T � '"[r'f

T �

r4r� E��

W? ��@| uL**L�t �i t�TThitt |�i t�TihtUh�T|t � @?_ � ��ihi�ih TLtt�M*i�

� t|h@|i})c _i?L|i_ M) j 5 7c �t @ UL**iU|�L? Lu 4itt@}it @?_ @U|�L?t E�?U*�_�?}

tiT@h@|�L? _iU�t�L?t� �ti_ M) @? @}i?| �? ��t 4@|U�it� �}i?|t _L ?L| T*@) 4� i_ t|h@|i}�itc

@*|�L�}� |�ihi 4@) Mi @ 4� Lu t|h@|i}�it Thiti?| �? @ TLT�*@|�L?� wi| . _i?L|i @

TLT�*@|�L? @?_ *i| 7. _i?L|i |�i ti| Lu t|h@|i}�it �? �ti �? TLT�*@|�L? .� A�i TLT�*@|�L?

ThL�*i h. �t @ �iU|Lh ��|� }i?ih�U i*i4i?| Rjc ��ihi Rj �t |�i ThLTLh|�L? Lu @}i?|t �? |�i

TLT�*@|�L? T*@)�?} t|h@|i}) j� A�i ti| Lu @** TLtt�M*i TLT�*@|�L? ThL�*it �t _i?L|i_ M)

{E7��

A�i ti| {E7� �t hit|h�U|i_ �? |�L �4TLh|@?| �@)t� 6�ht|c @t �i �@�i @*hi@_) @tt�4i_c

|�i ?�4Mih Lu 4itt@}it ti?| M) @?) t|h@|i}) �t �?�|ic @*|�L�}� |�i ti| � Lu TLtt�M*i

4itt@}it �t ?L|� 5iUL?_c �i @tt�4i |�@| uLh @** h. �? {E7�c TLt�|��i �i�}�| �t T*@Ui_ L? @|

4Lt| @ �?�|i ?�4Mih Lu t|h@|i}�it� A�iti |�L @tt�4T|�L?t i?t�hi |�@| �? @?) TLT�*@|�L?

|�ihi i �t| �?�ti_ 4itt@}it |�@| @**L� ?i� t|h@|i}�it |L i?|ih @?_ t�}?@* |�i�h �?|i?|�L?t�

Page 8: B u| B ?} @? |i , L*| L? Lu LLTih@| L?

A�i) @*tL @**L� �t |L @�L�_ |�i �ti Lu 4i@t�hi |�iLhi|�U @h}�4i?|t�.

i ��t� |L U�@h@U|ih�3i t|@|�L?@h) i^��*�Mh�@ ��|� |�4i �?�@h�@?| �?_���_�@*

t|h@|i}�itH� 5�TTLti @| |�i Mi}�??�?} Lu |�i }@4i @** @}i?|t @hi �? |�i 4@h!i|c ��|� h._itUh�M�?} |�i t|@|�L?@h) _�t|h�M�|�L? Lu t|h@|i}�it� A�Lti @}i?|t ��L i?|ih �?|L hi*@|��i*)

*L?} |ih4 4@|U�it ��** hi�i?|ih |�i 4@|U��?} 4@h!i| @| @ t*L�ih h@|i |�@? |�i L|�iht� W|

uL**L�t |�@| |�i _�t|h�M�|�L? Lu t|h@|i}�it |�@| @hi @�@�*@M*i |L uLh4 4@|U�it @| |�i

Mi}�??�?} Lu i@U� Tih�L_ ��** Mi _�gihi?| uhL4 �.� `i @tt�4i |�@| |�i _�t|h�M�|�L? Lu

t|h@|i}�it �? |�i 4@|U��?} 4@h!i| UL?�ih}it |L @ t|@|�L?@h) _�t|h�M�|�L?c _i?L|i_ M)

6��.�c U@**i_ |�i 4@h!i| ThL�*i� i _L ?L| ThL��_i @ u�** U�@h@U|ih�3@|�L? Lu |�i

UL?_�|�L?t uLh |�i i �t|i?Ui @?_ �?�^�i?itt Lu 6��.�c M�| �i _L ThL��_i tL4i t��U�i?|

UL?_�|�L?t uLh �?�|i TLT�*@|�L?t �? @? @TTi?_� �

A�i T@)Lg |L @? @}i?| T*@)�?} t|h@|i}) j ��L i?|iht |�i TLT�*@|�L? �. �t _i|ih4�?i_

M) |�i _�t|h�M�|�L? Lu @}i?|t @�@�*@M*i �? |�i 4@|U��?} 4@h!i|� i _i?L|i |��t T@)Lg M)

T jE6E h.��� 6�?@**)c wi| .j _i?L|i TLT�*@|�L? ��ihi @** @}i?|t T*@) |�i t|h@|i}) j�

2�2 �@t� ,^��*�Mh�@

� ?iUitt@h) UL?_�|�L? uLh @ TLT�*@|�L? |L Mi @? i^��*�Mh��4 �t |�@| �| 4�t| uLh4 @ �@t�

i^��*�Mh��4�

#i�?�|�L? � A�i ti| Lu Mit| hiT*�it |L @ TLT�*@|�L? ThL�*i h. �t _i�?i_ M)G

�-E h.� ' qj 5 7

���T jE6E h.�� � T j�

E6E h.��c;j� 5 7r�

:Zh phdvxuh wkh glvwdqfh ehwzhhq wzr srsxodwlrqv zlwk wkh iroorzlqj phwulf=

g+H4>H5, @ vxs�5VH4_VH5

ms�4 � s�5 m.&i+VH4_ VH5

,f _ +VH4^ VH5

,j

Wkh vhfrqg whup vlpso| frxqwv xs wkh qxpehu ri vwudwhjlhv wkh wzr srsxodwlrqv gr qrw kdyh lq frpprq1

Zlwk wklv phwulf wkh frqyhujhqfh ri rqh srsxodwlrq wr dqrwkhu uhtxluhv wkdw wkh vxssruw eh wkh vdph dqg

wkdw wkhuh lv frqyhujhqfh ri wkh sursruwlrqv ri hdfk vwudwhj| lq wkh srsxodwlrqv1 Wkxv zkhq zh vshdn ri

frqyhujhqfh ri srsxodwlrqv zh gr qrw qhhg wr frqvlghu qhz vwudwhjlhv1;D wlph lqyduldqw srsxodwlrq glvwulexwlrq grhv qrw lpso| wlph lqyduldqw lqglylgxdo vwudwhjlhv1 Iru h{dpsoh

hdfk shulrg kdoi ri wkh srsxodwlrq frxog vzlwfk vwudwhjlhv zlwk wkh rwkhu kdoi1 Wkhuh lv qr ehqh�w wr wklv

w|sh ri ehkdylru lq wkh prgho/ vr lw lv h{foxghg iurp glvfxvvlrq1

Page 9: B u| B ?} @? |i , L*| L? Lu LLTih@| L?

� TLT�*@|�L? ThL�*i h. uLh4t @ �@t� i^��*�Mh��4 �g 7. � �-E h.����h �ht| hit�*| t�L�t |�@| @ ULLTih@|��i �@t� i^��*�Mh��4 �? |�i @Mti?Ui Lu }�u|

i U�@?}i _Lit ?L| i �t|�

�hLTLt�|�L? 2 �LLTih@|��i T*@) M) @** @}i?|t �? i�ih) Tih�L_ �? |�i @Mti?Ui Lu }�u|

i U�@?}i �t ?i�ih T@h| Lu @ �@t� i^��*�Mh��4 t|h@|i})�

�hLLu� 5�TTLti |�@| |�i TLT�*@|�L? ThL�*i h. �t @ �@t� i^��*�Mh��4 hit�*|�?} �?

ULLTih@|�L? i�ih) Tih�L_� A�i i^��*�Mh��4 T@)Lg uLh @** t|h@|i}�it �? |��t ThL�*i 4�t| MiG

T E6E h.�� '"[|'�

� � 4| '�

� � 4� E2�

AL @U��i�i |��t L�|UL4i |�ihi 4@) Mi @ ti| Lu 4itt@}it |�@| @hi ti?| @| |�i Mi}�??�?}

Lu i@U� 4@|U� |�@| hit�*|t �? |�i T@h|?ih U�LLt�?} |�i ULLTih@|��i t|h@|i}) @| t|@}i e�

�L?t�_ih ?L� |�i RT@h@t�|�U@*� t|h@|i}) Lu ti?_�?} |��t 4itt@}ic U�LLt�?} |L T*@) � @|

t|@}i e @?_ ^��||�?} @| t|@}i D� #i?L|i |��t t|h@|i}) M) j� � A�i T@)Lg uhL4 uL**L��?} |��t

t|h@|i}) �t }��i? M)G

T j�

E6E h.�� ' "[|'�

� � 4| '�

� � 4:

� � 4� E��

A�ihiuLhi |�i Lh�}�?@* ULLTih@|��i 4@h!i| ThL�*i UL�*_ ?L| �@�i Mii? @ �@t�

i^��*�Mh��4�

A��t ThLTLt�|�L? hit|@|it |�i 4itt@}i uhL4 |�i �?|hL_�U|�L? � i�i? |�L�}� |�i }@4i �t

�?_i�?�|i*) hiTi@|i_c |�i LTTLh|�?�|) |L ^��| @?_ uLh4 ?i� 4@|U�it Thi�i?|t u�**

ULLTih@|�L?� A�i hit�*| �t ^��|i _�gihi?| uhL4 |�i 4Lhi TLt�|��i UL?U*�t�L?t Lu � i*hL_

E�bHe� @?_ �@t!�? E�bb��c ML|� Lu ��L4 �ti |�i hL�?_ hLM�? uh@4i�Lh!� A�i @M�*�|) |L

UL44�?�U@|i _Lit ?L| u@U�*�|@|i ULLTih@|�L? �ihi t�?Ui T@h@t�|it U@? 4�4�U @?) t�}?@* |�@|

�?_�Uit ULLTih@|��i Mi�@��Lh �? |�i T@h|?ih� W| �t @*tL U*i@h |�@| t�?Ui # �t @ _L4�?@?|

t|h@|i})c |�i TLT�*@|�L? ThL�*i �? ���U� @}i?|t T*@) # i�ih) Tih�L_ E@?_ 4@) Lh 4@) ?L|

^��| |�i hi*@|�L?t��T� �t @ �@t� i^��*�Mh��4� A��t �t t|@|i_ �? |�i ?i | ThLTLt�|�L?�

�hLTLt�|�L? � A�ihi i �t|t @ �@t� i^��*�Mh��4 �? ���U� ?L }�u|t @hi i U�@?}i_ @?_ @**

@}i?|t _iuiU| i�ih) Tih�L_�

Page 10: B u| B ?} @? |i , L*| L? Lu LLTih@| L?

A�ihi 4@) @*tL i �t| �@t� i^��*�Mh�@ �? ���U� tL4i Lu |�i @}i?|t T*@) ULLTih@|��i

t|h@|i}�it @?_ tL4i _L ?L|� �iuLhi �i it|@M*�t� |��tc �| �t �tiu�* |L _i�?i 4Lhi uLh4@**)

|�L U*@ttit Lu t|h@|i}�itc _i?L|i_ M) RU*�MM)� @?_ RT@h@t�|i�� i ��** 4@!i �ti Lu |�iti

t|h@|i}�it |�hL�}�L�| |�i T@Tih� i Mi}�? ��|� |�i _itUh�T|�L? Lu @ RU*�MM)��

+iU@** |�@| � � �t |�i ti| Lu 4itt@}it ti?| M) @}i?| � |L ��t T@h|?ih �c @?_ 6� E��� �t |�i

4@ �4@* 4itt@}i ti?| M) �� �}i?| � U@? |�ihiuLhi hiUL}?�3i L?*) |�i t�}?@*t

6� E�� 5 i6E�����6E���j� wi| ��

�Mi |�i 4itt@}i ti?| M) � @t TihUi��i_ M) �� � }hL�T Lu

@}i?|t U@? uLh4 @ U*�M M) ULLh_�?@|�?} L? |�i U�L�Ui Lu 4itt@}it� wi| � S Mi |�i @}hii_

�TL? 4itt@}i� �*�M 4i4Mih � ��** |�ihiuLhi T*@) |�i t|h@|i}) }��i? M)

j�c� '

;AAAAAAAAAAAA?AAAAAAAAAAAA=

r|@}e 2 re?_ 6err@}e � S

r|@}e eR,@+ � �s �

�' � S

R,@+ ( �s ?J|

r|@}e .r|@+ �s � �

�' � S@?_ � �r S�Jre?

reR@o@|e �s ��

�9'� S Jo �s ( S�Jre? K+ |�e J|�eo R,@+eo

� Ee�

A��t t|h@|i}) �?ULhTLh@|it |�i �_i@ |�@| T*@)iht ULLTih@|i L?*) ��|� L|�ih @}i?|t |�@|

ti?_ |�i @TThLTh�@|i 4itt@}it� �u UL�hti |�ihi 4@) Mi @? �?Ui?|��i uLh @?L|�ih @}i?| |L

i?|ihc ti?_ |�i t@4i t�}?@*c U�LLti # @?_ |�i? ^��|� i �@�i U@**i_ t�U� @? �?_���_�@* @

RT@h@t�|i�c ��|� @ t|h@|i}) _i�?i_ M)G

j�c� '

;AAAAA?AAAAA=

r|@}e 2 re?_ 6err@}e � S

r|@}e e R,@+ (

r|@}e . ^��|

� ED�

,^��*�Mh�@ ��|� @ 4� Lu T@h@t�|it @?_ U*�MM�it U@? i �t| MiU@�ti @ U*�MM)c ��i? �|

4ii|t @?L|�ih U*�MM)c *i@�it |�i 4@|U��?} 4@h!i| �?|�* �| _�it� �@h@t�|it hi4@�? �? |�i

4@h!i| uLhi�ih� A�i ThLTLh|�L? Lu T@h@t�|it �? |�i 4@h!i| �t |�ihiuLhi ��}�ih |�@? |�i

ThLTLh|�L? �? |�i TLT�*@|�L?c @?_ |��t hi_�Uit |�i hi|�h? |L Mi�?} @ T@h@t�|i�

�hLTLt�|�L? e 5�TTLti |�@| |�i T@)Lg T@h@4i|iht t@|�tu) |�i uL**L��?} UL?_�|�L?G

EE���� n E� � 4���2 � Ee4E� ���E� � ��� � f� ES�

A�i? |�ihi i �t|t @ �@t� i^��*�Mh��4 ��|� ?L }�u| i U�@?}i ��ihi @ t|h�U|*) TLt�|��i uh@U|�L?

Lu |�i TLT�*@|�L? T*@)t ULLTih@|��i*) i�ih) Tih�L_�

Page 11: B u| B ?} @? |i , L*| L? Lu LLTih@| L?

�hLLu� 5ii |�i @TTi?_� �

W? }i?ih@*c ��i? T@h|�@**) ULLTih@|��i i^��*�Mh�@ i �t| |�ihi ��** Mi |�L Lu |�i4c ��|�

|�i L?i �@��?} |�i t4@**ih ThLTLh|�L? Lu T@h@t�|it Mi�?} *LU@**) t|@M*i @?_ |�i L|�ih

�?t|@M*i�

2�� ,�L*�|�L?@h�*) 5|@M*i ,^��*�Mh�@

,�L*�|�L?@h) t|@M�*�|)c @*|�L�}� �|t Lh�}�?t @hi �? M�L*L}) E�@)?@h_ 54�|� E�bH2��c U@? Mi

�?|ihThi|i_ @t @ hi�?i4i?| Lu �@t� i^��*�Mh��4� W| hi^��hitc �? @__�|�L? |L |�i �@t�

ThLTih|�itc |�@| @ t4@** M�| t�}?��U@?| }hL�T Lu @}i?|t ��|� @ ?i� t|h@|i}) ��** _L �Lhti

|�@? |�i �?U�4Mi?|t �u �| |h�it |L i?|ih @ TLT�*@|�L?�

,�L*�|�L?@h) t|@M�*�|) �t @ t��U�i?| UL?_�|�L? uLh @? L�|UL4i |L Mi @t)4T|L|�U@**)

t|@M*i �?_ih @ ��_i �@h�i|) Lu ti*iU|�L? _)?@4�Ut� � ti*iU|�L? _)?@4�U �t @ ThLUitt |�@|

_i|ih4�?it ?i | Tih�L_<t TLT�*@|�L? ThL�*i @t @ u�?U|�L? Lu |�i U�hhi?| L?i� A�L�}� �i _L

?L| i T*�U�|*) 4L_i* |�i _)?@4�Ut Lu L�h 4L_i*c �i U@? }��i @ Mh�iu _itUh�T|�L? Lu @ ThLUitt

���U� 4�}�| �?_ih*�i �|� ,@U� Tih�L_ ��i? |�i ?i� }i?ih@|�L? Lu �?_���_�@*t i?|ihc 4Lt|

t�4T*) 4�4�U |�i t|h@|i}�it Lu |�i�h T@hi?|t� � t4@**ih uh@U|�L? U�@?}i |�i�h t|h@|i}�it |L

4�4�U |�i i �t|�?} t|h@|i}) ��|� |�i ��}�it| i TiU|i_ hi|�h?� �? i�i? t4@**ih uh@U|�L?

i Tih�4i?|t ��|� h@?_L4*) U�Lti? t|h@|i}�it� W? |��t �@) |�i i?|h) Lu 4�|@|�L?t i@U�

Tih�L_ UL?t|@?|*) T�t�it |�i TLT�*@|�L? Lg |�i i^��*�Mh��4� ,�L*�|�L?@h) t|@M�*�|)

}�@h@?|iit |�@| |�i T*@)iht ��L 4@!i LT|�4@* U�L�Uit T�t� |�i TLT�*@|�L? M@U! |L |�i

i^��*�Mh��4� , Ui**i?| hiuihi?Uit L? |�i hi*@|�L?t��T Mi|�ii? i�L*�|�L?@h) t|@M�*�|) @?_

ti*iU|�L? _)?@4�Ut �?U*�_i A@)*Lh @?_ aL?!ih E�b.H�c OLuM@�ih @?_ 5�}4�?_ E�bHH� @?_

V@? #@44i E�bb���

W? ��@| uL**L�t �i ��** Mi UL4T@h�?} |�i T@)Lgt |L t|h@|i}�it uhL4 @? �?U�4Mi?|

TLT�*@|�L? . @?_ @ t4@** �?�@_�?} TLT�*@|�L? . �� 6Lh " 5 dfc �o |�i UL4M�?@|�L? Lu |�iti

|�L TLT�*@|�L?t ��** �@�i |�i ThL�*i E� � "� h. n " h. �c ��|� }i?ih�U i*i4i?| E�� "�Rj n "Rj�

@?_ ��ihi Rj � f uLh j *5 7. @?_ Rj�

� f uLh j�

*5 7.

� � 5�TTLti |�@| |�i ThLTLh|�L? Lu |�i

@}i?|t �? . |�@| @hi �? |�i 4@|U��?} 4@h!i| i@U� Tih�L_ �t }��i? M) B 5 d4c �o� A�i Tih�L_

Page 12: B u| B ?} @? |i , L*| L? Lu LLTih@| L?

|�@| . � i?|ihtc |�i t|h@|i}) ThL�*i �? |�i 4@|U��?} 4@h!i| ��** Mi

BE� � "�6E h.�BE� � "� n "

n" h. �

BE� � "� n "E.�

5L4i|�4i @u|ih�@h_tc �| ��** UL?�ih}i |L 6EE� � "� h. n " h. ��� i @tt�4i |�@| |�i h@|i @|

���U� |��t UL?�ih}i?Ui LUU�ht �t 4�U� u@t|ih |�@? |�i h@|i @| ���U� |�i ti*iU|�L? _)?@4�U

LTih@|it� W? L|�ih �Lh_tc �| �t @TThLTh�@|i |L UL4T@hi |�i TihuLh4@?Ui Lu t|h@|i}�it uhL4 .

@?_ . � �? |�i t|@M*i 4@h!i| ThL�*i uLh |�i 4� i_ TLT�*@|�L?�b

,�L*�|�L?@h) t|@M�*�|) ?Lh4@**) hi^��hit |�@| @}i?|t �t�?} @?) t|h@|i}) |�@| �t ?L|

T@h| Lu |�i i^��*�Mh��4 Mi t|h�U|*) �Lhti Lg |�@? �?U�4Mi?| @}i?|t� ��| �? L�h 4L_i* |�i

tT@Ui Lu TLtt�M*i 4itt@}it �t �?*�4�|i_ @?_ t�}?@*�?} �t ULt|*itt� W? @?) }��i? TLT�*@|�L? �|

�t @*�@)t TLtt�M*i uLh @? @}i?| |L _�T*�U@|i @? i �t|�?} t|h@|i}) @?_ @*tL ti?_ @ 4itt@}i

|�@| �t ?L| LMtih�i_ M) @?) L|�ih 4i4Mih Lu |�i TLT�*@|�L?� 6Lh4@**) |��t �t @ ?i�

t|h@|i})c ?L| @ T@h| Lu |�i i^��*�Mh��4c @?_ U*i@h*) �| ��** hit�*| �? |�i t@4i T@)Lg @t |�i

t|h@|i}) �| �t ULT)�?}� ,�L*�|�L?@h) t|@M�*�|)c |�ihiuLhic U@? ?i�ih Mi t@|�t�i_ ��i? |�i

tT@Ui Lu UL44�?�U@|�L? TLtt�M�*�|�it �t �?*�4�|i_��f

i hitL*�i |��t ThLM*i4 M) �t�?} |�i UL?UiT| Lu ?i�|h@* t|@M�*�|) _�i |L �@)?@h_

54�|�� 6Lh4@**)c �i �@�iG

#i�?�|�L? D � TLT�*@|�L? ThL�*i h. 5 {E7� uLh4t @ ?i�|h@**) t|@M*i i^��*�Mh��4 E�5,� �uG

�� E�@t� ,^��*�Mh��4� 7. � �-E h.�2� E5|@M�*�|)� 6Lh h. �

5 {E7�q h.c |�ihi i �t|t @? 7": f t�U� |�@| uLh @** " 5 dfc 7"� G

T jE6EE�� "� h. n " h. ��� � T j�

E6EE� � "� h. n " h. ���c ;j 5 7 �.c j�5 7 �.��

�L?_�|�L? � �t |�i hi^��hi4i?| |�@| |�i TLT�*@|�L? uLh4 @ �@t� i^��*�Mh��4� A�i

tiUL?_ �t |�i t|@M�*�|) UL?_�|�L?� Wu @ t4@** R4�|@?|� TLT�*@|�L?c }��i? M) . �c i?|iht |�i?

@** 4i4Miht Lu |��t TLT�*@|�L? ��** Mi ?L Mi||ih Lg �? |�i ?i� 4� i_ TLT�*@|�L? |�@? |�i

<Wkh vwdelolw| ri wkh pdunhw sur�oh lv glvfxvvhg lq wkh dsshqgl{143Wkh sureohp lv frpprq wr qrqwulyldo h{whqvlyh irup jdphv1 Vhh Nlp dqg Vreho +4<<5, iru dq h{fhoohqw

glvfxvvlrq ri wkhvh lvvxhv

Page 13: B u| B ?} @? |i , L*| L? Lu LLTih@| L?

@}i?|t �t�?} t|h@|i}�it uhL4 |�i Lh�}�?@* TLT�*@|�L?� A�i _i�?�|�L? �t UL?t|h�U|i_ |L

�?U*�_i |�i TLtt�M�*�|) |�@| @ t�?}*i 4� |�hi Mi t|@M*ic ��i� �u |�i ThLTLh|�L? Lu @ }��i?

t|h@|i}) �?Uhi@titc |�i? |��t t|h@|i}) 4�t| Mi 4@_i ?L Mi||ih Lg hi*@|��i |L |�i L|�ih

t|h@|i}�it� W| _�giht uhL4 |�i t|hL?}ih ?L|�L? Lu @? i�L*�|�L?@h�*) t|@M*i i^��*�Mh��4 ��ihi

|�i �?i^�@*�|) �t hi^��hi_ |L Mi t|h�U|�

A�i ?i | |�L hit�*|t �?_ih*�?i |�i igiU|t Lu uhii UL44�?�U@|�L?�

wi44@ S Wu uhii UL44�?�U@|�L? �t ?L| Tih4�||i_ |�i? |�i �@t� i^��*�Mh��4 Lu _iuiU| i�ih)

Tih�L_ �t ?i�|h@**) t|@M*i hi}@h_*itt Lu |�i 4@|U��?} t|h@|i})�

�hLLu� A�i hit�*| �t �44i_�@|i t�?Ui @?) t|h@|i}) �t�?} i�|�ih ULt|*) UL44�?�U@|�L?

E}�u|t� Lh tL4i *i�i* Lu ULLTih@|�L? hit�*|t �? @ T@)Lg @}@�?t| @ _iuiU| t|h@|i}) |�@| �t

t|h�U|*) *itt |�@? |�i _iuiU| t|h@|i}�it T@)Lg� A��t �4T*�it |�@| L?i U@? @*�@)t 4@!i 7"

t4@** i?L�}� �? |�i _i�?�|�L? Lu @? �5, |L i?t�hi t|@M�*�|)�

wi44@ . `�|� uhii UL44�?�U@|�L?c @| @?) ?i�|h@**) t|@M*i TLT�*@|�L? @** @}i?|t U�LLti

ULLTih@|i �? t|@}i e�

�hLLu� wi| h. Mi ?i�|h@**) t|@M*i� 5�TTLti |�@| �? |��t ThL�*i |�ihi @hi t|h@|i}�it |�@|

hit�*| �? |�i U�L�Ui Lu ( ��|� TLt�|��i ThLM@M�*�|)� �L� UL?t�_ih |�i uL**L��?} ti| Lu

i?|h@?|t U@**i_ ULLTih@|Lht� 6Lh i@U� j 5 7.c *i| |�i ULhhitTL?_�?} ULLTih@|Lh Mi jS� �

ULLTih@|Lh uL**L�t i @U|*) |�i t@4i 4@|U��?} h�*it @t |�i t|h@|i}) uhL4 ���U� �| �t _ih��i_�

OL�i�ihc ��i?i�ih �| �t 4@|U�i_ ��|� @?L|�ih ULLTih@|Lhc �| T*@)t �� AL _L |��t |�i

ULLTih@|Lht �ti 4itt@}it |�@| @hi ?L| LMtih�i_ M) |�i i^��*�Mh��4 TLT�*@|�L?�

� ULLTih@|Lh jS �tit |�i t@4i 4@|U��?} t|h@|i}) @t j i�i? �u 4@|U�i_ ��|� @?L|�ih

ULLTih@|Lh� Wu j tiT@h@|it @u|ih L?i Lu |�i T*@)iht U�LLtit (c �i t�TTLti |�@| ��i? jS

4ii|t @?L|�ih ULLTih@|Lh �| ti?_t @ t�}?@* hiThiti?|�?} ( ��i? |�i Lh�}�?@* t|h@|i})

hi^��hit |��tc M�| t|�** U�LLtit �� A�i L|�ih ULLTih@|Lh �tit |�i 4itt@}i hiThiti?|�?} ( |L

_�T*�U@|i |�i 4@|U��?} Mi�@��Lh hi^��hi_ M) |�i t|h@|i}) �TL? ���U� �| �t 4L_i*i_� A��t

i?t�hit |�@| |�i �?|hL_�U|�L? Lu |�iti ULLTih@|Lht _Lit ?L| @giU| |�i _�t|h�M�|�L? Lu

Page 14: B u| B ?} @? |i , L*| L? Lu LLTih@| L?

4@|U�it �? |�i TLT�*@|�L? E��|� |�i ULLTih@|Lht �_i?|��i_ ��|� |�i t|h@|i}�it uhL4 ���U�

|�i) @hi _ih��i_��

�L� UL?t�_ih |�i TLT�*@|�L? ThL�*i h.S Lu ULLTih@|Lht ��|� |�i ThLTLh|�L? Lu i@U� jS

i^�@* |L |�i ThLTLh|�L? Lu j �? h.� Wu .S �?�@_it .c L�h UL?t|h�U|�L? i?t�hit |�@| j @?_ jS

|L}i|�ih ��** uLh4 |�i t@4i ThLTLh|�L? Lu |�i ?i� TLT�*@|�L? ThL�*i @?_ |�i ?i� 4@h!i|

ThL�*i @t _�_ j @*L?i �? |�i i^��*�Mh��4 ThL�*it� W| uL**L�t |�@| uLh @** " 5 dfc �o �i �@�i |�i

uL**L��?} i^�@*�|)G

T j

�6EE� � "� h. n " h.S�

�' T j

�6E h.�� c;j 5 7.� EH�

W| �@t Mii? @tt�4i_ |�@| 2� : �c tL }��i? |�@| # �t U�Lti? ��|� TLt�|��i ThLM@M�*�|)c

@?_ t�?Ui @** t|h@|i}�it 4�t| }i| |�i t@4i T@)Lg �? @?) i^��*�Mh��4c |�i T@)Lg |L @?)

�?U�4Mi?| t|h@|i}) 4�t| t@|�tu)G

T jE6E h.�� �

�� 4� SE}j�� Eb�

��ihi SE}j� �t |�i ULt| Lu @?) }�u| }���?} @U|�L?t M) t|h@|i}) j� `�i? @ ULLTih@|Lh �t u@U�?}

@?L|�ih ULLTih@|Lh �| hiUi��it � Tih Tih�L_c |�ihiuLhi }��i? @? " : fc |�ihi �t @ � 5 Efc ��

t�U� |�@|G

T jS�6EE�� "� h. n " h.S�

�' �

#�

� � 4� SE}j�

$n E�� ��T j

�6E h.�� : T j

�6E h.�� � E�f�

W? T@h|�U�*@h |�i t|h@|i}) ThL�*i h. �t ?L| @? �5,�

5�?Ui �i !?L� uhL4 �hLTLt�|�L? 2 |�@| ULLTih@|�L? �t ?i�ih @ �@t� i^��*�Mh��4 �? |�i

@Mti?Ui Lu }�u| i U�@?}ic @? �44i_�@|i UL?ti^�i?Ui Lu |��t *i44@ �t |�i ?L?�i �t|i?Ui Lu @

?i�|h@**) t|@M*i TLT�*@|�L?�

�hLTLt�|�L? H W? |�i @Mti?Ui Lu }�u| i U�@?}i |�ihi @hi ?L ?i�|h@**) t|@M*i TLT�*@|�L?t�

�L?i|�i*ittc �i ��** ?L� _itUh�Mi @ 4i|�L_ Lu t�t|@�?�?} ULLTih@|�L? |�@| tii4t |L

�@�i Mii? !?L�? |L ��4@? tLU�i|�it uLh 4@?) }i?ih@|�L?t� 5�TTLti |�@| @| |�i Mi}�??�?}

Lu |�i hi*@|�L?t��T @}i?|t ti?_ 4itt@}it @t MiuLhic M�| ?L� 4@) @*tL �?U�h |�i ULt| }� |L

ti?_ @ }�u|� �| |��t t|@}i |�i L?*) ThLTih|�it @ }�u| 4�t| �@�i �t |�@| �| Mi ��t�M*i @?_ ULt|*)�

Page 15: B u| B ?} @? |i , L*| L? Lu LLTih@| L?

�hLTLt�|�L? b 6Lh E� ���*E� � �� 4 � |�ihi i �t| ?i�|h@**) t|@M*i TLT�*@|�L?tc @**

��|� t|h@|i}�it |�@| �@�i |�i uL**L��?} U�@h@U|ih�t|�UtG

�� W?_���_�@*t i U�@?}i }�u|t L?Ui @| |�i Mi}�??�?} Lu |�i 4@|U�c t|@) 4@|U�i_ �?|�*

_i@|�c @?_ T*@) ULLTih@|i i�ih) Tih�L_�

2� �** @}i?|t ti?_ |�i t@4i t�3i_ }�u| |�@| �t ML�?_i_ @t uL**L�tG

�� �

E� � 4�: } :

� ��

4� E���

�hLLu� i @h}�i �ht| |�@| @?) TLT�*@|�L? h. |�@| �t @? �5, ��** t@|�tu) ThLTih|�it � @?_

2� 6hL4 wi44@ . �i !?L� |�@| @}i?|t ULLTih@|i i�ih) Tih�L_� 6�h|�ih4Lhic |L t|LT i?|h)

M) T@h@t�|itc @}i?|t 4�t| }��i @ }�u| @| |�i Mi}�??�?} Lu i@U� hi*@|�L?t��T� A�i 4@|U��?} �t

@?L?)4L�tc |�ihiuLhi |��t }�u| �t 4@_i �?UL?_�|�L?@**)� wi| j 5 7. Mi @ T@h|�U�*@h t|h@|i})

|�@| �?�L*�it tL4i |�h?L�ih uLh hi@tL?t L|�ih |�@? _i@|�c Lh u�h|�ih }�u| }���?} ��|��? �|t

4@|U�it� W| 4�t| Mi |�i U@ti |�@| T jE6E h.�� �*E� � 4�� }jc ��ihi }j �t |�i }�u| }��i?

�?_ih t|h@|i}) j @| |�i Mi}�??�?} Lu @ ?i� 4@|U��

�t �? |�i ThLLu Lu *i44@ . _i�?i @ ULLTih@|Lh t|h@|i}) jS |�@| �t �_i?|�U@* |L j i UiT|

|�@| ��i? �| 4ii|t �|ti*u E�_i?|��i_ M) ti?_�?} tiUhi| t�}?@*t� �| ULLTih@|itc t|@)t 4@|U�i_

�?|�* _i@|�c @?_ }��it ?L u�h|�ih }�u|t� `�i? �| 4ii|t �|ti*u �| ��** }i| |�i T@)Lg

�*E�� 4�� }j� �L|i |�@| �u j U@**t uLh @?) i |h@ |�h?L�ihc jS ��** Mi *itt *�!i*) |L i?|ih |�i

4@|U��?} 4@h!i| |�@? j�

�L� UL?t�_ih @? �?�@_�?} TLT�*@|�L? �_i?|�U@* |L . i UiT| |�@| @** |�i @}i?|t T*@)�?}

j @hi ?L� T*@)�?} jS� W? |�i ?i� 4� i_ 4@h!i| ThL�*i |�i |L|@* uh@U|�L? Lu j @?_ jS |)Tit

�? |�i 4@h!i| i@U� Tih�L_ ��** Mi ?L }hi@|ihc @?_ Tih�@Tt *ittc |�@? |�i uh@U|�L? Lu j |)Tit

�? |�i Lh�}�?@* 4@h!i| ThL�*i� A��t �t MiU@�ti |�i jS t|@) 4@|U�i_ uLhi�ih ��i? |�i) 4ii|

|�i�h L�? |)Tic ���*i |�i j t|h@|i}�it 4@) i Tih�i?Ui i@h*) tiT@h@|�L?��� �L� �?Uhi@ti |�i

ThLTLh|�L? Lu jS |)Tit �?|�* |�i uh@U|�L? Lu j @?_ jS |)Tit �? |�i 4@|U��?} 4@h!i| �t i^�@*

|L |�i uh@U|�L? Lu j MiuLhi �?�@t�L?�

44Vlqfh doo vwudwhjlhv vwd| pdwfkhg dw ohdvw rqh shulrg/ wkh rxw�rz iurp wkh pdwfklqj pdunhw grhv qrw

ydu| dfurvv vwudwhjlhv1 Wkrvh wkdw duh pruh olnho| wr hqwhu wkxv pdnh xs d odujhu sursruwlrq ri wkh pdwfklqj

pdunhw1

Page 16: B u| B ?} @? |i , L*| L? Lu LLTih@| L?

A��t UL?t|h�U|�L? i?t�hit |�@| |�i �?|hL_�U|�L? Lu ULLTih@|Lht _Lit ?L| U�@?}i |�i

T@)Lgt |L @?) Lu |�i Lh�}�?@* t|h@|i}�it �? .� OL�i�ih ULLTih@|Lht �@�i @ TLt�|��i

ThLM@M�*�|) Lu 4ii|�?} i@U� L|�ih @?_ |��t i@h? @ T@)Lg |�@| �t t|h�U|*) }hi@|ih |�@? |�i

T@)Lgt |L |�i L|�ih t|h@|i}�it� �L?ti^�i?|*) |�i Lh�}�?@* TLT�*@|�L? UL�*_ ?L| �@�i Mii?

@? �5,c @?_ ?i�|h@* i�L*�|�L?@h) t|@M�*�|) �4T*�it }�u| }���?} @| |�i Mi}�??�?} @?_ @ 4@|U�

uLhi�ih�

W| �t ?L� �44i_�@|i |�@| �? i^��*�Mh��4 @** t|h@|i}�it 4�t| ti?_ |�i t@4i t�3i_ }�u|c

i*ti |�i) �L�*_ ?L| Mi }i||�?} |�i t@4i T@)Lg�

6Lh |�i hit| Lu ThLTih|) 2c �i ?L|i �ht| |�@| |�i 4@h!i| ThL�*i 4�t| uLh4 @ �@t�

i^��*�Mh��4� �?) T@h@t�|it |�@| i?|ihc }��i |�i }�u| E|L ��_i |�i�h |h�i �?|i?|�L?t� @?_ U�i@|

4�t| u@hi ?L Mi||ih |�@? |�i �?U�4Mi?|t� A��t �4T*�itG

E�� 4�� } �

� � }

E� � 4�c E�2�

���U� �44i_�@|i*) }��it } � E� ���*4� 5�TTLti |��t UL?_�|�L? �L*_t ��|� i^�@*�|)� A�i?

@ tiUhi| tLU�i|) Lu T@h@t�|it UL�*_ i?|ihc }��i }�u|tc @?_ |�i? ULLTih@|i ��|� i@U� L|�ih M�|

_iuiU| @}@�?t| i�ih)L?i i*ti� �i4Miht Lu |��t }hL�T �L�*_ }i| �*E�� 4�� }c M�|

�?U�4Mi?|t �L�*_ }i| *itt t�?Ui |�ihi �t @ TLt�|��i ThLM@M�*�|) |�@| |�i) �L�*_ 4ii| @

T@h@t�|i� 5|@M�*�|) |�ihiuLhi hi^��hit |�@| |�i �?i^�@*�|) Mi t|h�U|�

5�4�*@h*)c |L i?t�hi |�@| @}i?|t @hi ?L| Mi||ih Lg }���?} ?L }�u|t @| @**c �i 4�t| �@�i

E� � 4�� } �

E� � 4�E���

���U� �44i_�@|i*) }��it E�� ��*E�� 4� � }� �t MiuLhic t�TTLti |��t UL?_�|�L? �L*_t ��|�

i^�@*�|)� A�i? @ }hL�T Lu @}i?|t UL�*_ i?|ih ��L }��i ?L }�u|t M�| ULLTih@|i @4L?}

|�i4ti*�it� A�i) ��** _L Mi||ih |�@? |�i �?U�4Mi?|t ��L }��i }�u|tc @?_ �| uL**L�t @}@�?

|�@| |�i �?i^�@*�|) 4�t| Mi t|h�U|�

6�?@**) �i ?ii_ |L i ��M�| @ UL**iU|�L? Lu t|h@|i}�it ���U� uLh4 @ ?i�|h@* i�L*�|�L?@h�*)

t|@M*i TLT�*@|�L?� �L?t�_ih |�i uL**L��?} U*@tt Lu U*�MM) t|h@|i}�itc ��ihi @** @}i?|t �ti

Page 17: B u| B ?} @? |i , L*| L? Lu LLTih@| L?

|�i t@4i t�3i }�u|c @?_ } t@|�t�it UL?_�|�L? �� ��|� t|h�U| �?i^�@*�|)G

j�c} '

;AAAAAAAAAAAA?AAAAAAAAAAAA=

r|@}e 2 }��i }�u| } @?_ ti?_ @?) �?�|i ti| Lu 4itt@}it

r|@}e eT*@) � �u }�u| i^�@* |L Lh *@h}ih |�@? } �t }��i?

T*@) # �u ?L|

r|@}e Dt|@) �u @TThLTh�@|i }�u| �@t }��i? @?_ � �@t U�LLti? M) T@h|?ih

^��| �u ?L|

wi| h. Mi @ TLT�*@|�L? ThL�*i ��ihi @** @}i?|t T*@) |��t t|h@|i})� �L|i |�@| |�i @}i?|t

?ii_ ?L| ULLh_�?@|i L? @ ti| Lu ULt|*itt 4itt@}itc @*|�L�}� |�i) @** }��i |�i t@4i t�3i_

}�u|� #�i |L |�i t|h�U| �?i^�@*�|) �? ��c @?) t|h@|i}) L�|t�_i |��t U*@tt hit�*|t �? @ T@)Lg

|�@| �t *L�ih Lh i^�@* ��i? T*@)i_ @}@�?t| |�i TLT�*@|�L? Lu U*�MM�it� A�i L?*) �@) |�@|

@? �?�@_�?} TLT�*@|�L? UL�*_ _L t|h�U|*) Mi||ih �t M) @}hii�?} |L ti?_ @ t4@**ih }�u|� ��|

|��t ��** @*�@)t hit�*| �? T�?�t�4i?| uhL4 @ U*�MM) @?_ @ T@)Lg |�@| �t t|h�U|*) *itt |�@?

|�i U*�MM) T@)Lg� �L?ti^�i?|*) t�U� @? �?�@t�L? �t ?L| ThL�|@M*i�

�? �4TLh|@?| @tt�4T|�L? �ti_ �? |�i ThLLu �t |�@| }�u|t @?_ 4itt@}it 4�t| UL4i @|

|�i t@4i |�4i� Wu EtiUhi|� 4itt@}it U@? UL4i MiuLhi }�u|tc |�i? @ }hL�T Lu @}i?|t UL�*_

i?|ih ��L @*�@)t ULLTih@|i_ M�| @}hii_ ?L| |L i U�@?}i }�u|t @4L?} |�i4ti*�it� A��t

}hL�T �L�*_ _L �i** i?L�}� �?�|�@**) |L Mhi@! |�i i^��*�Mh��4c M�| �L�*_ i�i?|�@**) Mi

�?�@_i_ M) T@h@t�|it� i _�tU�tt |��t U@ti �?uLh4@**) @| |�i i?_ Lu 5iU|�L? �

A�i 4itt@}i ti?_�?} |iU�?L*L}) �t �4TLh|@?| �? |�i ThLLuc @*|�L�}� �| _Lit ?L| tii4

|L 4@||ih �? |�i i^��*�Mh��4� �** |�@| 4@||iht �t |�@| @}i?|t }��i }�u|t� �u UL�hti |�ihi @hi

L|�ih i^��*�Mh�@ ��ihi |�i i?|�hi TLT�*@|�L? @*tL ULLh_�?@|it L? @ ti| Lu ULt|*itt 4itt@}it�

�L44�?�U@|�L? �t �4TLh|@?|c �L�i�ihc �? h�*�?} L�| tL4i i^��*�Mh�@� Wu @}i?|t UL�*_

i U�@?}i }�u|t M�| ?L|��?} i*ti MiuLhi @ 4@|U�c |�i? M) wi44@ S |�i @** _iuiU| L�|UL4i

�L�*_ @*tL Mi @? �5,�2�

45Lw lv dovr zruwk hpskdvl}lqj zk| wklv htxloleulxp lv qrw hyroxwlrqdulo| vwdeoh lq wkh xvxdo vhqvh1 Hyr0

oxwlrqdu| vwdelolw| uhtxluhv wkdw lqydglqj vwudwhjlhv jhw vwulfwo| orzhu sd|r�v1 Krzhyhu/ lq htxloleulxp d

vwudwhj| wkdw +iru h{dpsoh, gxsolfdwhv wkh foxee| vwudwhj| exw grhv qrw erwkhu wr txlw zkhq lw lv ghihfwhg

xsrq hduqv wkh vdph sd|r� dv d sxuh foxee| vwudwhj|1 Zh wkdqn Dnlklnr Pdwvxl iru srlqwlqj wklv rxw1

Page 18: B u| B ?} @? |i , L*| L? Lu LLTih@| L?

2�e 5L4i �h�?U�T*it Lu B�u| B���?}

A�i ThiUi_�?} @?@*)t�t �@t t�L�? |�@| @ tLU�@* UL?�i?|�L? hi^��h�?} |�i �ti Lu }�u|t @| |�i

Mi}�??�?} Lu @ hi*@|�L?t��T U@? t�TTLh| *L?} |ih4 ULLTih@|�L?� A�i ?i | tiU|�L? }Lit L? |L

_�tU�tt |�i U�@h@U|ih Lu }�u|t �? 4Lhi _i|@�*� �| |��t TL�?| �| �t �tiu�* |L t�44@h�3i |�i

hit�*|t tL u@h� �tt�4i uLh ?L� |�@| |�i ULt|*) 4itt@}it @ML�i hi@**) @hi }�u|t� A�i?G

�� B�u|t |�@| @hi i U�@?}i_ Mi|�ii? |�i |�L T@h|�it t�L�*_ Mi �?i�U�i?|� Wu |�i T@h|?iht

i U�@?}i_ 4L?i) @| |�i Mi}�??�?} Lu @ 4@|U�c |�i? T@h@t�|it UL�*_ �44i_�@|i*)

i?|ihc }��i E@?_ hiUi��i� |�i 4L?i)c U�i@|c @?_ 4L�i L?�

2� `�i? 4@|U�it @hi �ih) *L?} |ih4 E ��i� ��i? 4 �t U*Lti |L ��c |�i ULt| Lu |�i }�u| U@?

Mi @t *�||*i @t � ��c |�i L?i�|�4i Mi?i�|t Lu U�i@|�?}� A��t 4@) Mi u@h *itt |�@?

E�� ��*E� � 4�c |�i L�ih@** Mi?i�|t Lu ULLTih@|�L?� B�u|t ��** Mi 4Lhi i Ti?t��i

��i? |�i *�ui Lu @ 4@|U� �t t�Lh|� Wu 4@|U�it @hi |LL t�Lh| E��i� 4 }i|t U*Lti |L 3ihL�c

|�i? |�i UL?_�|�L?t Lu �hLTLt�|�L? b U@??L| Mi t@|�t�i_c @?_ }�u| }���?} ��** ?L| �i*T

|L @U��i�i ULLTih@|�L?� B�u| }���?} U�t|L4t ��** t�hhL�?_ L?*) |�i �4TLh|@?| E��i�

�� � *@h}i�c *L?} |ih4 hi*@|�L?t��Tt �? TiLT*i<t *��it�

�� B�u| }���?} �t @ u�**) _iUi?|h@*�3i_ �?t|�|�|�L? � ��i� |�i u@U| |�@| @ }�u| �@t }��i? ?ii_

Mi �ih��i_ L?*) M) |�i L|�ih T@h|?ih |L |�i 4@|U�� W? |��t �@) �| 4@) Mi @ *L� ULt|

t�Mt|�|�|i |L hiT�|@|�L? 4iU�@?�t4t |�@| hi^��hi 4Lhi T�M*�U �?uLh4@|�L? L? |�i

Mi�@��Lh Lu @}i?|t �? |�i�h Thi��L�t hi*@|�L?t��Tt�

e� B�u|t @hi @ �?��iht@* *@?}�@}i� �i4Miht Lu @ }�u| }���?} tLU�i|) U@? �?_�*}i �? @** Lu

|�i ULt|*itt 4itt@}i ti?_�?} |�i) ��t�c tL *L?} @t |�i) @*tL }��i }�u|t� A��t hit�*|

UL?|h@t|t ��|� |�Lti uL�?_ �? t�4�*@h 4@|U��?} 4L_i*t ��ihi hiTi@|i_ �?|ih@U|�L?

��|� L?i T@h|?ih �t ?L| TLtt�M*i Ei�}� B@�|��ihc �bHSc 6h@?! �bHH�� W? |�Lti 4L_i*t

|�ihi @hi i^��*�Mh�@ ��ihi @}i?|t ULLTih@|i L?*) ��|� L|�iht |�i) TihUi��i |L Mi ��t|

*�!i |�i4� Oihi �i }i| |�i 4Lhi LT|�4�t|�U UL?U*�t�L? |�@| ��i? 4ii|�?} t|h@?}iht

��L tii4 �ih) _�gihi?|c �T uhL?| }�u|t U@? Mi |�i T@tt@}i |L ULLTih@|�L? @?_

�?_iht|@?_�?}�

Page 19: B u| B ?} @? |i , L*| L? Lu LLTih@| L?

� B�u|t

5i�ih@* ^�it|�L? hi4@�?� 6�ht|c ��) t�L�*_ ULt|*) 4itt@}it |@!i |�i uLh4 Lu }�u|tq A�i

@4L�?| } �? �hLTLt�|�L? b UL�*_ ��t| @t �i** Mi i |h@U|i_ ��@ T�)t�U@* T�?�t�4i?|t�

5iUL?_c ��@| Thi_�U|�L?tc �u @?)c _Lit |�i 4L_i* 4@!i @ML�| |�i uLh4 Lu |�i }�u|t |�@|

t�L�*_ Mi i U�@?}i_q �?_ @hi |�iti Thi_�U|�L?t ThiU�ti i?L�}� |L _�t|�?}��t� |�i 4L_i*

uhL4 L|�ih i T*@?@|�L?t uLh }�u| }���?}q

��� ,�U�i?U) @?_ ,4T�h�U@* W4T*�U@|�L?t

, U�@?}i }�u|t @hi @ tLU�@**) i�U�i?| �@) Lu ti?_�?} @ Th��@|i*) ULt|*) 4itt@}i� A��t �t

Mit| �?_iht|LL_ ��|� hiuihi?Ui |L 6�}�hi ��

6�}�hi � �ihi�

5�TTLti @ tLU�i|) �@t @}hii_ |�@| }LL_ C �t |L Mi �ti_ @t @ }�u| }LL_� A��t }LL_ �@t

@ UL?t|@?| �ti �@*�i Lu � @?_ �? UL4Ti|�|��i i^��*�Mh��4 @ Th�Ui i^�@* |L � @?_ ^�@?|�|)

CS� B�u| t|@|�t h@�tit |�i _i4@?_ uLh |�i }LL_ tL |�@| Th�Ui �t � @?_ ^�@?|�|) C}� A�i

ULt| Lu |�i 4itt@}i ti?| M) �ti Lu |��t }�u| }LL_ �t |�i i Uitt Lu Th�Ui L�ih �ti �@*�i Et�?Ui

|�i }�u| �t hiUi��i_ @t �i** @t ti?|� |�4it |�i ^�@?|�|) T�hU�@ti_� W? @}}hi}@|ic |�i |L|@*

i Uitt T@)4i?|t C}E� � �� @hi i^�@* |L |�i �L� Lu ?i� 4@|U�it |�4it }� OL�i�ihc |�i

tLU�@* ULt| Lu |�i @hh@?}i4i?| �t u@h *itt � �| �t ��t| |�i �t�@* |h�@?}*i Mi|�ii? |�i t�TT*)

U�h�i uLh }LL_ C @?_ |�i �Lh�3L?|@* *�?i @| � Mi|�ii? CS @?_ C}� A�i hit| �t @ |h@?tuih |L

|�i }�u| 4@!iht� Wu |�i t�TT*) U�h�i �t �ih|�U@* |�i? |�i tLU�@* ULt|t Lu }�u| i U�@?}i @hi

i @U|*) 3ihL���

`��*i @ }�u| }���?} TLT�*@|�L? 4�}�| @U��i�i u�** i�U�i?U)c �| _Lit ?L| ?iUitt@h�*)

uL**L� |�@| @ t4@** }hL�T T*@)�?} |��t t|h@|i}) UL�*_ t�UUittu�**) �?�@_i @ TLT�*@|�L? |�@|

@U��i�i_ ULLTih@|�L? M) �t�?} tL4i L|�ih tLU�@**) �@t|iu�* |iU�?�^�i� A�i �?�@_�?} }�u|

}��iht �L�*_ ?L| }i| ULLTih@|�L? �u 4@|U�i_ ��|� �?U�4Mi?|tc @?_ |��t |�i �?�@t�L? �L�*_

46Zlwk wkh xvxdo fdyhdwv derxw sduwldo htxloleulxp1

Page 20: B u| B ?} @? |i , L*| L? Lu LLTih@| L?

u@�*��e �**L��?} tiUhi| 4itt@}it |L UL4i MiuLhi }�u|t �L�*_ @**L� |�i �?�@t�L? |L t�UUii_c

M�| �?|hL_�Uit L|�ih UL4T*�U@|�L?t |�@| ��** Mi i T*Lhi_ @| |�i i?_ Lu |��t tiU|�L?

W?_i|ih4�?@U) *�!i |��t �t i?_i4�U |L i�L*�|�L?@h) 4L_i*t� W| �t ?L| tL 4�U� @ ThLM*i4

|L Mi hitL*�i_ @t 4�U� @t @ hi�iU|�L? Lu |�i �?Uhi_�M*i _��iht�|) Lu }*LM@* U�t|L4t E@?_

iULt)t|i4t�� 6�h|�ih ThL}hitt U@? Mi 4@_ic �i t�tTiU|c M�| ��** hi^��hi @ 4�U� Mi||ih

�?_iht|@?_�?} Lu |�i @U|�@* ThLUitt M) ���U� ?i� U�t|L4t i?|ih @ TLT�*@|�L?��D

OL�i�ih L�h 4L_i* �t t|�** @M*i |L 4@!i @ }hi@| 4@?) Thi_�U|�L?t� ��h 4@�Lh

�)TL|�it�t �t |�@| |�i }�u| }���?} UL?�i?|�L?t �i LMtih�i @hi tLU�@* U�t|L4t |�@| �@�i @h�ti?

|L u@U�*�|@|i ULLTih@|�L?c @?_ �@�i t�h���i_ )i@ht Lu i�L*�|�L?@h) UL4Ti|�|�L?� AL �@�i

_L?i tLc |�i) 4�t| �@�i Mii? @M*i |L ui?_ Lg U�@**i?}it uhL4 L|�ih �?�@_�?} t|h@|i}�it�

A�ihi @hi |�L t|h@|i}�it |�@| tii4 4Lt| *�!i*) |L �?�@_i @ TLT�*@|�L? Lu }�u| }��iht�

A�i �ht| �L�*_ Mi uL**L�i_ M) @ RT@h@t�|i UL?t�4ih�c ��L hL�|�?i*) UL?t�4it |�i }�u|

}LL_� 5�U� @? @}i?|c �? @?|�U�T@|�L? Lu @ 4@|U�c UL�*_ U�| M@U! L? �ih ?Lh4@* T�hU�@tit Lu

|�i }�u| }LL_� 5�?Ui }�u|t @hi i U�@?}i_c |�i 4@h}�?@* ULt| Lu }�u| }���?} |L |��t @}i?| �t

3ihLc @?_ |�i T@h@t�|i R}��i }�u|c _iuiU| @?_ ^��|� t|h@|i}) �t LT|�4@*� A�i tiUL?_ �?�@_ih

4�}�| Mi U@**i_ @ RT@h@t�|i hiU)U*ih�� A��t @}i?| t�4T*) |@!it |�i }�u| hiUi��i_ uhL4 @

4@|U�c _iuiU|tc @?_ |�i? �tit |�i hiUi��i_ }�u| |L t|@h| �T @ ?i� 4@|U�� �}@�? |�i

4@h}�?@* ULt| Lu }�u| }���?} E@u|ih |�i �ht| T�hU�@ti� �t 3ihLc tL |��t _iuiU| @?_ ^��| t|h@|i})

U@? �?�@_i�

Wu @ }LL_ �@t @U��i�i_ }�u| t|@|�tc @?_ �u L�h 4L_i* �t h�}�|c |�i? |�i }LL_ t�L�*_ �@�i

ThLTih|�it |�@| 4@!i �?�@t�L? M) |�iti t|h@|i}�it _��U�*|� A��t LMtih�@|�L? @**L�t �t |L

Thi_�U| @ }hi@| _i@* @ML�| }�u| }LL_t� 6�ht|c �? Lh_ih |L hiTi* RT@h@t�|i UL?t�4iht�c �| �t

�4TLh|@?| |�@| |�i ?Lh4@* _i4@?_ U�h�i uLh |�i }LL_ *�i Mi*L� �|t }�u| Th�Ui i�i? @| �ih)

*L� *i�i*t Lu UL?t�4T|�L?c @t �? 6�}�hi �� A��t |�i }�u| }LL_ U@??L| Mi @? itti?|�@*

UL44L_�|)c @?_ �?_ii_ @? i?|�hi*) �ti*itt UL44L_�|) 4�}�| 4@!i @ �?i }�u| }LL_�

47Vlploduo|/ lq Sursrvlwlrq 51< hyroxwlrqdu| vwdelolw| grhv qrw lpso| wkdw wkh frvw ri wkh jliw zloo eh lq wkh

orzhu hqg ri lwv udqjh1 Dq lqydglqj jurxs zlwk d orzhu frvw jliw/ hyhq li wklv jliw vdwlv�hg wkh frqglwlrqv ri

wkh sursrvlwlrq/ zrxog eh uhmhfwhg e| wkh lqfxpehqw srsxodwlrq148Li wkhuh duh djhqwv lq wkh srsxodwlrq zkr kdyh d orw wr jdlq iurp wkh hvwdeolvkphqw ri d fxvwrp/ dqg li

wkh fxvwrp lv hyroxwlrqdulo| vwdeoh/ wkhq d vpdoo prxqw ri shuvxdvlrq frxog jhqhudwh elj uhwxuqv1 Shukdsv

wkh sur�w rssruwxqlwlhv dydlodeoh wr jliw pdnhuv kdyh kdg vrph lpsdfw1

Page 21: B u| B ?} @? |i , L*| L? Lu LLTih@| L?

5�?Ui �| �t �4TLh|@?| |�@| |�i hiUi��ih Mi @M*i |L �ih�u) |�i ULt| Lu |�i }�u|c |�i ?Lh4@*

Th@U|�Ui Lu hi4L��?} |�i Th�Ui |@} tii4t |L Mi @ T�33*i� ��| @?L|�ih �@) |L UL?t�4i @ }�u|

}LL_ �t |L |@!i �| M@U! |L |�i t|Lhi uLh @ hiu�?_� +i4L��?} |�i Th�Ui |@} uhL4 @ }�u| �i*Tt

|L Thi�i?| |��t� 5�?Ui |�i Th�Ui Lu @ UL?�i?|�L?@* }�u| }LL_ �t t�hi |L Mi !?L�? @?)�@) ELh

hi@_�*) LM|@�?@M*i� �| �t �@h_ |L Mi*�i�i |�@| Th�Ui |@}t @hi hi4L�i_ |L ��_i �?uLh4@|�L?�

�L|i |�@| ��i? TiLT*i }��i �i__�?} }�u|t |L @ )L�?} UL�T*i E@ UL?�i?|�L? ?L| @__hitti_ M)

|��t 4L_i*�c Lu|i? Th�Ui |@}t @?_ i�i? hiUi�T|t @hi �?U*�_i_� �L?i) �t @*tL tL4i|�4it }��i?

_�hiU|*)�

A�i Thi�i?|�L? Lu hiU)U*�?} U@? Mi @UUL4T*�t�i_ �? ti�ih@* �@)t� �?i �t |L U�LLti @t

|�i }�u| }LL_ @ UL44L_�|) ���U� _iThiU�@|it h@T�_*)� ��| �L�iht �t |�i LM��L�t i @4T*ic

M�| |�ihi @hi L|�iht� B�u|t @hi Lu|i? �h@TTi_c @?_ �?_ii_ �? a@T@? 4�U� Lu |�i i Ti?ti Lu

@ }�u| �t �? |�i T@U!@}�?} @?_ Thiti?|@|�L?� � }�u| ���U� �t 4Lt|*) @ ?�Ui ETihtL?@*�3i_�

T@U!@}i _iThiU�@|it UL4T*i|i*) |�i 4L4i?| �| �t LTi?i_� � UL?t�4@M*i ��|� @ *L?}ih t�i*u

*�uic t�U� @t @ ML||*i Lu ��?ic U@? Mi �ti_ �u |�i U�t|L4 tTiU��it |�@| �| Mi UL?t�4i_ �? |�i

}��ih<t Thiti?Ui�

�?L|�ih LT|�L? �t |L _it�}?@|i |�i _�hiU|�L? Lu |�i }���?}� Wu 4@|U�it @hi @*�@)t

Mi|�ii? 4i4Miht Lu |�i LTTLt�|i ti c uLh i @4T*ic |�i? U�t|L4 U@? tTiU�u) ���U� }�u|t @hi

}��i? M) i@U� T@h|?ih� #�@4L?_t 4�}�| Mi |�i 4Lt| _�h@M*i }LL_ |�ihi �tc M�| |�i) 4@!i

i Ui**i?| }�u| }LL_t tL *L?} @t �| �t |�i 4@? ��L }��it @?_ |�i �L4@? ��L hiUi��it��S ,�i?

��i? h�?}t @hi i U�@?}i_ |�i _�gihi?Uit �? t|)*i @?_ @�ih@}i t�3i ��** Thi�i?| hiU)U*�?}�

#�h@M�*�|) U@? t|�** U@�ti ThLM*i4tc �L�i�ihc �u |�ihi �t @? @U|��i hit@*i 4@h!i|� Wu |�i

�L4@? UL�*_ ti** |�i _�@4L?_ uLh �|t @TTh@�ti_ �@*�ic Lh �u |�i 4@? UL�*_ M�) L?i i@t�*) L?

|�i hit@*i 4@h!i|c |�i? @}@�? T@h@t�|�U@* t|h@|i}�it UL�*_ �?�@_i� W? u@U|c |�i 4@h!i| uLh

�ti_ _�@4L?_ h�?}t �t i |hi4i*) |��?c @t @ Tih�t@* Lu |�i U*@tt��i_ @_�ih|�ti4i?|t �? @?)

?i�tT@Tih ��** @||it|� EB��i? U�hhi?| _��LhUi h@|itc |�ihi �t ?L t�Lh|@}i Lu t�TT*)�� A�i

4@h!i| �t @U|��i*) _�tUL�h@}i_ M) hi|@�*ihtc ��L ��** }*@_*) @TTh@�ti h�?}t uLh ��}� �@*�ic

M�| ��** ?L| M�) |�i4 uLh @?)|��?} ?i@h |�@| Th�Uic �u @| @**��. �*tLc |�i U�t|L4 �|ti*u

49Deljdlo Ydq Exuhq +_Ghdu Dee|%,/ p| dxwkrulw| rq wkhvh pdwwhuv/ kdv vwdwhg wkdw gldprqgv duh dq

xqfrqglwlrqdo jliw1 Hyhq li wkh zrpdq odwhu euhdnv r� wkh hqjdjhphqw/ vkh lv hqwlwohg wr nhhs wkh ulqj1 Exw

lw lv qrw ri pxfk xvh wr khu/ dqg Dee| grhv vxjjhvw lw zrxog eh qlfh wr jlyh lw edfn14:Gdq Xvkhu kdv wrog xv wkdw wkh ruljlqdo _Gldprqgv duh Iruhyhu% dgyhuwlvlqj fdpsdljq lq wkh 4<63*v

Page 22: B u| B ?} @? |i , L*| L? Lu LLTih@| L?

_�tUL�h@}it M�)�?} _�@4L?_t L? |�i U�i@T�

A�i 4L_i* �? 5iU|�L? 2 �t UL4T*i|i*) t)44i|h�U� W? @ T�hi R_L�M*i t|@?_@h_� �Lh*_c

��ihi L?*) L?i T@h|) �@t @?)|��?} |L }@�? uhL4 U�i@|�?}c |�i 4L_i* Thi_�U|t |�@| }�u|t

?ii_ L?*) Mi }��i? M) |�@| T@h|)� +iU)U*�?} ��** ?L| Mi @ ThLM*i4c M�| |�i hiUi��ih �t t|�**

�? @ TLt�|�L? |L ^��| �? Lh_ih |L UL**iU| 4Lhi }�u|t� A��t |�i }�u|t t�L�*_ �@�i *L� �ti

�@*�ic Mi _��U�*| |L ti**c @?_ |�i hit| @t @ML�i�

`��*i L�h 4L_i* Thi_�U|t |�@| }�u| }���?} U�t|L4t t�L�*_ t�hhL�?_ �4TLh|@?| @?_ *L?}

|ih4 hi*@|�L?t��Ttc |��t _Lit ?L| *�4�| �| |L |�i 4@hh�@}i 4@h!i|� W? |�i M�t�?itt �Lh*_c

_itT�|i |�i LM��L�t hi*�@?Ui L? i T*�U�| UL?|h@U|t |L i?t�hi TihuLh4@?Uic |�i Mi}�??�?} Lu

?i� hi*@|�L?t��Tt �t Lu|i? 4@h!i_ M) }�u|t Lu �@h�L�t !�?_t� ��ihTh�Ui_ _�??ihtc @?_ |�i

_L?@|�L? Lu |�4i uhL4 TiLT*i ��Lti |�4i �t i Ti?t��i @hi i @4T*it� B�u|t @?_ i T*�U�|

UL?|h@U|t tii4 |L Mi t�Mt|�|�|it� W? a@T@?c ��ihi *@�)iht @hi *itt �?��i?|�@*c @ }hi@| _i@*

Lu |�4i 4�t| Mi �?�it|i_ M) ML|� T@h|�it MiuLhi |@*! Lu M�t�?itt i�i? Mi}�?t�

��h 4L_i* @__hittit }�u| }���?} @| |�i Mi}�??�?} Lu hi*@|�L?t��Tt� B�u|t @hi Lu|i?

i U�@?}i_ �? 4@|�hi hi*@|�L?t��Tt @t �i**� �Lt| Lu |��t �t ThLM@M*) L�|t�_i |�i 4L_i*c

@*|�L�}� |�ihi �t @ t�|�@|�L? �? ���U� |�i 4L_i* 4@) @TT*)� W| �t ?L� �i** !?L�? |�@|

TLtt�M�*�|�it uLh hi?i}L|�@|�L? U@? Thi�i?| |�i @||@�?4i?| Lu ULLTih@|��i i^��*�Mh�@ �?

hiTi@|i_ }@4it� A�i �_i@ �t uLh4@**) �ih) t�4�*@h |L |�i 4@|U��?} t|Lh) Lu |��t T@Tih� �

T*@)ih U@? _iuiU|c @?_ |�i? @�L�_ T�?�t�4i?| M) Lgih�?} |L hi?i}L|�@|i� � tLU�@*

UL?�i?|�L? |�@| @?) hi?i}L|�@|�L? 4�t| Mi}�? ��|� tL4i �?i�U�i?| }�u|t uhL4 |�i

|h@?t}hittLh U@? Thi�i?| |��t ThLM*i4� 5L4i }�u| }���?} �? 4@|�hi hi*@|�L?t��Tt 4@) Mi

T@h| Lu @? @||i4T| |L Rt|@h| |�i hi*@|�L?t��T @?i�� @?_ U@? |�ihiuLhi Mi i T*@�?i_ ��|��?

L�h 4L_i*�

A�i Mi}�??�?} Lu @ ?i� 4@|U� �t Lu|i? 4@h!i_ ��|� Ui*iMh@|�L?t @?_ ui@t|t� A��t �t

@*tL @ }�u| }���?} U�t|L4c M�| �ihi |�i }�u|t @hi }��i? |L |��h_ T@h|�it *�!i uh�i?_t @?_

u@4�*) 4i4Miht� 5�?Ui |�iti @}i?|t @hi ?L| T@h|�it |L |�i 4@|U�c �| tii4t @t �u |�iti }�u|t

UL�*_ Mi i�U�i?|� OL�i�ihc @t ��|� i U�@?}i }�u|tc L?i 4�t| UL?t�_ih ?i� t|h@|i}�it |�@|

4�}�| �?�@_i @ tLU�i|) ���U� }��it |��h_ T@h|) }�u|t� �}@�?c |��t �t |�i tL�hUi Lu tL4i

i4T�h�U@* �4T*�U@|�L?t�

vxjjhvwhg/ txlwh olwhudoo|/ wkdw rqfh |rx ex| d gldprqg/ |rx vkrxog nhhs lw iruhyhu1

Page 23: B u| B ?} @? |i , L*| L? Lu LLTih@| L?

5�TTLti |�ihi �@t @ TLT�*@|�L? ��ihi i@U� @}i?| �? @ ?i� 4@|U� 4@h!i_ |�i LUU@t�L?

��|� @ _L?@|�L? Lu 4L?i) |L L?i Lh 4Lhi @U^�@�?|@?Uit� 6�ht|c �| �t U*i@h |�@| |��t _L?@|�L?

4�t| Mi LMtih�@M*i |L |�i L|�ih T@h|?ih� �|�ih��ti @ }hL�T UL�*_ i?|ih ��Lti 4i4Miht

L?*) Thi|i?_i_ |L }��i }�u|t |L i@U� L|�ih� A�iti @}i?|t UL�*_ _iuiU| �? |�i�h hi*@|�L?t��Tt

��|� L�|t�_iht @?_ Mhi@! |�i i^��*�Mh��4� 5�4�*@h*)c @ }hL�T UL�*_ i?|ih 4@!�?} T�M*�U

}�u|tc M�| tiUhi|*) }��i |�i4 M@U! |L |�i _L?Lht @u|ih�@h_t� �i4Miht Lu |��t }hL�T UL�*_

@*tL ThL�|@M*) _iuiU|c Mhi@!�?} |�i i^��*�Mh��4 @t MiuLhi� �?i �@) |L Thi�i?| |��t �t |L

4@!i |�i }�u|t UL?t�4@M*ic @?_ |L �@�i |�i�h UL?t�4T|�L? Mi @ T�M*�U i�i?| @t �i**� ��|

|�i RT�M*�U _L?@|�L? Lu UL?t�4@M*it |L L?i<t uh�i?_t� �t Lu UL�hti ��t| @ h@|�ih uLh4@* �@)

Lu _i�?�?} @ M�} T@h|)�

� !i) @tt�4T|�L? �? L�h 4L_i* �t |�@| }�u|t 4�t| UL4i h�}�| @| |�i Mi}�??�?}c @| |�i

t@4i |�4i @t @?) L|�ih 4itt@}it� `�i? tiUhi| 4itt@}it U@? UL4i MiuLhi }�u|tc |�ihi �t ?L

i^��*�Mh��4 �? |�i �t�@* ti?ti� �?) }�u| }���?} tLU�i|) U@? Mi �?�@_i_ M) @?L|�ih �t�?} *itt

i Ti?t��i }�u|t� A�ihi �t ?L *i@t| i Ti?t��i }�u|c }��i? |�i t|h�U| �?i^�@*�|) �? UL?_�|�L?

E���� ��| @t |�iti }�u|t }i| t4@**ihc |�i ?i� tLU�i|) U@? Mi �?�@_i_ M) T@h@t�|it� � tLU�i|)

Lu T@h@t�|it U@? Mi �?�@_i_ M) @ }hL�T }���?} i Ti?t��i }�u|t�

�*|�L�}� |�ihi �t ?L i^��*�Mh��4 TLT�*@|�L? ThL�*i |�i 4L_i* t|�** 4@!it tL4i

Thi_�U|�L?t @ML�| }�u| }���?}� 5�TTLti |�@| t4@**ih }hL�Tt i?|ih 4Lhi hi@_�*)c @?_

T@h@t�|it |�i 4Lt| hi@_�*) Lu @**� �L?t�_ih @ t|h@|i}) |�@| �tit }�u|t U*Lti �? t�3i |L |�i

*L�ih ML�?_ �? �hLTLt�|�L? b� A��t tLU�i|) ��** i�i?|�@**) Mi �?�@_i_ M) @ tiUhi| tLU�i|)

}���?} *itt i Ti?t��i }�u|t� A�i U�i@Tih |�i }�u|c |�i 4Lhi h@T�_*) |�i �?�@_ih ��** Mi}�? |L

}hL�c hi*@|��i |L |�i �?U�4Mi?|� ��| |�i U�i@Tih |�i }�u| |�i 4Lhi ^��U!*) |�i �?�@_ih ��**

�|ti*u Mi �?�@_i_ M) T@h@t�|it� Wu |�i T@h@t�|it i?|ih ^��U!*) i?L�}�c |�i Lh�}�?@* t|h@|i})

4@) t�h���i uLh @ *L?} |�4ic @?_ }�u| }���?} U�t|L4t ��** Mi LMtih�i_�

�Lhi �4TLh|@?|c �? Lh_ih |L hiTi* T@h@t�|i UL?t�4iht @?_ hiU)U*ihtc @?) t�h����?}

t|h@|i}) 4�t| �@�i U�LLti? }�u| }LL_t |�@| �@�i *L� �ti �@*�ic _iThiU�@|i h@T�_*)c @?_ @**

|�i hit| @t L�|*�?i_ @ML�i� �hi�}�u| UL44�?�U@|�L?c ���*i �| _it|hL)t |�i i �t|i?Ui Lu

i^��*�Mh��4c *i@�it 4@?) Lu |�i 4L_i*<t �4T*�U@|�L?t �?|@U|�

Page 24: B u| B ?} @? |i , L*| L? Lu LLTih@| L?

��2 �|�ih , T*@?@|�L?t

5i�ih@* L|�ih i T*@?@|�L?t uLh }�u| }���?} �@�i @TTi@hi_ �? |�i iUL?L4�Ut @?_ M�L*L}�U@*

*�|ih@|�hit��H A�i �ht| �t T�hi @*|h��t4 E�iU!ih �bH��c ���U� t�}}it|t |�@| }�u|t @hi U�Lti?

|L 4@ �4�3i |�i }��ih<t @*|h��t|�U �|�*�|) ��|��? @ � i_ M�_}i|� ��h�t|4@t }���?} @?_ }���?}

��|��? u@4�*�it �t ThLM@M*) �i** _itUh�Mi_ M) |��t 4L_i*c @t �t |�i }���?} Lu }�u|t |L )L�?}

UL�T*it L? |�i LUU@t�L? Lu |�i�h 4@hh�@}i�

�? @*|ih?@|��i �t |�i hiU�ThLU�|) 4L_i* �?|hL_�Ui_ |L iUL?L4�Ut M) �!ih*Lu E�bH��c @?_

i @4�?i_ �? }hi@| _i|@�* M) �@�tt E�bbf�� B�u| }���?} �ihi �t tii? @t @ ?@|�h@* i |i?t�L? Lu

|�i ThLUitt Lu i U�@?}i� `�i? L?i �@?_t L�ih 4L?i) |L M�) tL4i|��?} @| @ t|Lhic t�i

ti*_L4 �Lhh�it |�@| |�i t|Lhi L�?ih ��** hiu�ti |L �@?_ L�ih |�i T�hU�@ti_ @h|�U*it� A�i

LM*�}@|�L? |L hiU�ThLU@|i �t tL t|hL?} �i |@!i �| uLh }h@?|i_� W? 4@?) tLU�i|�itc t�U�

LM*�}@|�L?t U@? t|hi|U� L�ih 4@?) 4L?|�t Lh )i@htc @?_ MiUL4i @ t|Lhi Lu �i@*|� @?_ @

tL�hUi Lu �?t�h@?Ui� A��t @TThL@U� @*tL t�}}it|t |�@| }�u|t Mi T�hU�@ti_ @| 4�?�4�4 ULt|

UL?_�|�L?@* L? t@|�tu)�?} |�i UL?t|h@�?| |�@| |�i LM*�}@|�L? Mi u�*�**i_� �i�|�ih Lu |�iti

�ht| |�L @TThL@U�itc |�ihiuLhic t�}}it|t |�@| }�u|t t�L�*_ Mi �?i�U�i?|� �i�|�ih _L |�i)

t�}}it| |�@| UL?�i?|�L?@* }�u| }LL_t t�L�*_ Mi �ti_c Lh |�@| }�u|t Mi }��i? |L |��h_ T@h|�it�

�Lhi hiUi?|*)c �@4ihih E�bHH� �@t @h}�i_ |�@| }�u|t U@? Mi @ t�}?@* Lu }LL_

�?|i?|�L?t��b �?*) |�Lti TiLT*i ��L uLhitii }i?��?i }@�?t uhL4 @ *L?} |ih4 hi*@|�L?t��T

��** Mi ��**�?} |L t|@h| �| ��|� @? i Ti?t��i }�u|� A��t �t @ h�U� @?_ �?|ihit|�?} @?@*)t�t Lu

}�u| }���?} ���U� 4@!it tL4i Lu |�i t@4i Thi_�U|�L?t @t L�ht� A�i t|h�U|�hi Lu |�i 4L_i* �t

^��|i _�gihi?|c �L�i�ihc @t @hi tL4i Lu |�i �4T*�U@|�L?t�

W? �@4ihih<t 4L_i* |�ihi @hi |�L |)Tit Lu TiLT*i ��L 4@) i?|ih @ L?i Tih�L_c

t�4�*|@?iL�t 4L�i 4@|U�� 6Lh @? R�?��**�?}� |)Tic U�i@|�?} �t @ _L4�?@?| t|h@|i})� �

4;Gdznlqv +4<:9, exlogv d prgho zkhuh vrph ihpdohv lqvlvw rq d orqj shulrg ri frxuwvkls wr vfuhhq iru

_grphvwlflw|% lq wkhlu pdwhv1 Klv prgho lv fdvw lq dq hyroxwlrqdu| iudphzrun/ exw wkh vwudwhj| vsdfh

lv vhyhuho| uhvwulfwhg1 Pdohv fdq sod| rqo| _frxuw2vwd|% ru _grq*w frxuw2txlw%1 _Frxuw2txlw%/ zklfk lv

dqdodjrxv wr rxu _sdudvlwh% vwudwhj| zrxog lqydgh klv htxloleulxp1 Wkhuh lv dovr wkh rog jhqhudo htxloleulxp

h{dpsoh zkhuh dq djhqw fdq eh pdgh ehwwhu r� e| jlylqj xs vrph ri klv hqgrzphqw14<Lq d vlplodu pdqqhu/ iruzdug lqgxfwlrq dujxphqwv +Ydq Gdpph +4<;<, vxjjhvw lw fdq eh rswlpdo iru dq

djhqw wr exuq prqh| dw fhuwdlq vwdjhv lq d jdph1 Irupdoo|/ iruzdug lqgxfwlrq lv d whfkqltxh iru vhohfwlqj

dprqj htxloleuld1 Jliw jlylqj lq rxu frqwh{w doorzv iru wkh h{lvwhqfh ri d frrshudwlyh htxloleulxp1

Page 25: B u| B ?} @? |i , L*| L? Lu LLTih@| L?

R��**�?}� |)Ti ��** �@?| |L ULLTih@|i �u @?_ L?*) �u �ih T@h|?ih �t @*tL ��**�?}� ,@U� T@h|?ih

!?L�t |�i ThLTLh|�L? Lu ��**�?} |)Tit �? |�i TLT�*@|�L?c M�| _Lit ?L| !?L� �ih T@h|?ih<t

|)Ti� Wu |�i ThLTLh|�L? Lu ��**�?} |)Tit �t ��}� i?L�}�c @ ��**�?} |)Ti 4@) ULLTih@|i �? |�i

t�4T*i �LTi |�@| �ih T@h|?ih �t @*tL ��**�?}� Wu |��t ThLTLh|�L? u@**tc @ ��**�?} |)Ti 4@) �? @

Thi��L�t t|@}i }��i @ }�u| |L t�}?@* �ih |)Ti� A��t }�u| ��** ULt| ?L 4Lhi |�@? |�i i TiU|i_

Mi?i�|t uhL4 ULLTih@|�?}c M�| 4�t| ULt| 4Lhi |�@? |�i i TiU|i_ Mi?i�|t |L @? �?��**�?}

|)Ti Lu U�i@|�?} L? @ ULLTih@|��i T@h|?ih� 5�?Ui L?*) @ ��**�?} |)Ti ��** �@?| |L T@) uLh @

}�u| |��t t�3ic |�i }�u| �t @? @UU�h@|i t�}?@* Lu |)Ti�

A�i �?i�U�i?U) Lu }�u|t �t ?L| @ Ui?|h@* T@h| Lu |��t 4L_i*� 5�?Ui |�i t�}?@*�?} }@4i �t

t�4�*|@?iL�t 4L�i �@t�c �? i^��*�Mh��4 i@U� T*@)ih i TiU|t |L hiUi��i @ }�u| ��|� tL4i

ThLM@M�*�|) hi}@h_*itt Lu ��t L�? @U|�L?c @?_ |�i U�L�Ui Lu @?) TihtL?@**) ULt|*) }�u| ��**

@UU�h@|i*) t�}?@* |)Ti� AL }i| �?i�U�i?U)c �@4ihih �?|hL_�Uit @ Thi*�4�?@h) t|@}i ��ihi

T*@)iht 4�t| T@) tL4i t4@** ULt| |L i?|ih |�i t�}?@*�?} }@4i� A�i?c |L Thi�i?| TiLT*i

uhL4 U)?�U@**) T@)�?} |��t ULt|c hiUi���?} @ }�u| EM�| ?L| }���?} L?i�c @?_ |�i? h�??�?}

@�@)c |�i �ti �@*�i Lu |�i }�u| 4�t| Mi t4@**�2f AL i4T�@t�3ic �L�i�ihc |�i t�}?@*�?} 4L_i*

M) �|ti*u _Lit ?L| Thi_�U| �?i�U�i?| }�u|tc @?_ _Lit ?L| t�}}it| @?)|��?} @ML�| |�i

U�@h@U|ih Lu |�i }LL_t |�@| tLU�i|�it ��** U�LLti |L �ti @t }�u|t�2�

A�i �4T*�U@|�L?t Lu |�i 4L_i*t _�gih �? ti�ih@* L|�ih �@)t� W? |�i t�}?@**�?} 4L_i*c

}�u| }���?} �t ?L| @ ��_itThi@_ T�i?L4i?L?� �?*) |�i ��**�?} |)Tit }��i }�u|tc @?_ �u |�i

ThLTLh|�L? Lu ��**�?} |)Tit �? |�i TLT�*@|�L? �t t��U�i?|*) ��}�c |�i? ?LML_) }��it }�u|t�

5iUL?_c �@4ihih U*@�4t |�i t�}?@**�?} @TThL@U� U@??L| i T*@�? ��) Th�Ui |@}t @hi

U�t|L4@h�*) hi4L�i_ uhL4 }�u|t� W? |�i hiTi@|i_ i?��hL?4i?| Lu L�h 4L_i* �| MiUL4it

?@|�h@* |L |��?! Lu hiU)U*iht @?_ UL?t�4ihtc @?_ |�i hi4L�@* Lu Th�Ui |@}t 4@!it

i�L*�|�L?@h) ti?ti�

6�?@**)c �? L�h 4L_i* }�u| }���?} �t |h�*) @ tLU�@* U�t|L4� �iLT*i �h@T }�u|tc hi4L�i

Th�Ui |@}tc @?_ |�hL� i Ti?t��i T@h|�it ��|�L�| hi@**) !?L��?} Lh U@h�?} ��)� W| �t ��t| |�i

53_Sdudvlwhv% lq Fdphuhu*v prgho dqg rxuv ehkdyh gl�huhqwo|1 Lq rxuv/ wkh| hqwhu d pdwfk dqg wkhq fkhdw1

Lq klv wkh| wdnh wkh jliw dqg uxq154Fdphuhu lv irufhg wr uho| rq xqgh�qhg _vrfldo frqyhqwlrq% wr h{sodlq zk| vrflhwlhv whqg wr irfxv rq

sduwlfxodu jrrgv wr xvh dv jliwv1 Kh vxjjhvwv wkdw wkhvh jrrgv ghsuhfldwh udslgo| vlqfh wklv pdnhv lw pruh

gl�fxow iru wkh uhflslhqw wr frqvxph wkhp dw wkh rswlpdo wlph/ dgglqj wr wkhlu lqh�flhqf|1

Page 26: B u| B ?} @? |i , L*| L? Lu LLTih@| L?

h�}�| |��?} |L _L }��i? |�i LUU@t�L?� �}i?|t �? L�h 4L_i* @hi U@T@M*i Lu �?|ihit|�?}c

tLT��t|�U@|i_c @?_ UL4T*�U@|i_ Mi�@��Lh i�i? |�L�}� |�i) @hi ?L| TihuiU|*) h@|�L?@* �? |�i

�t�@* iUL?L4�U ti?ti� A��t @tTiU| Lu |�i 4L_i* uL**L�t _�hiU|*) uhL4 �|t i�L*�|�L?@h)

U�@h@U|ihc @?_ �i �?_ �| @TTi@*�?}�

�u UL�hti |�ihi @hi 4@?) _�gihi?| !�?_t Lu }�u|t @?_ |�ihi 4@) Mi i^�@**) 4@?)

4L|��@|�L?t uLh }���?} |�i4� ��h 4L_i*c �@4ihih<tc @?_ |�i L|�iht @hi TL|i?|�@**)

UL4T*i4i?|@h)� i _L ?L| i T*Lhi |��t �ihic M�| �i _L hiuih |�i hi@_ih |L �@4ihih<t

T@Tih uLh @? i?}@}�?} _�tU�tt�L? Lu }�u|t @?_ }�u| }���?}�

e , |i?t�L?t @?_ �L?U*�t�L?t

i ��** UL?U*�_i ��|� tL4i Mh�iu hi4@h!t @ML�| |�i i�L*�|�L?@h) @TThL@U� |L |�i

4L_i**�?} Lu ��4@? Mi�@��Lh� �*i@h*) |�i U�@h@U|ih�3@|�L? Lu @}i?|t @t UL4T*i|i*)

Thi_it|�?i_ �? |�i�h t|h@|i}) U�L�Ui �t t|h@?}i |L 4Lt| iUL?L4�t|t� i @hi 4Lhi u@4�*�@h

��|� @}i?|t ��L @hi uhii |L U�LLti |�i�h t|h@|i}�it @| i@U� TL�?| �? |�4i

��| U*i@h*) �i @hi @** �?��i?Ui_ M) |�i ThL}h@44�?} �i hiUi��i uhL4 L�h T@hi?|t @?_

L�h U�*|�hic @*|�L�}� �i _i�i*LT |�i U@T@U�|) |L L�ihh�_i 4�U� Lu �| @t �i 4@|�hi� A�i

@TThL@U� �i �@�i |@!i? �ihi �t @? i |hi4i U@tic �? |�i t@4i �@) |�i t|@?_@h_ @TThL@U� �t

@? i |hi4i U@ti� ��| t�hi*) L�ht �t |�i h�}�| i |hi4i uLh |�i t|�_) Lu tLU�@* U�t|L4t t�U�

@t }�u| }���?}� 5LU�@* U�t|L4t i �t|� �t iUL?L4�t|tc @** |�@| �i �@�i *@U!i_ �T |L ?L� �t @

4L_i* ���U� hiUL}?�3it |��t u@U| @?_ )i| �@t tL4i i4T�h�U@* UL?|i?|�

Wu �?|hLtTiU|�L? �t ?L| i?L�}�c |�ihi �t |�iLhi|�U@* ��t|��U@|�L? uLh |�i @TThL@U� @t

�i**� �L)_ @?_ +�U�ihtL? E�bHD� Mi}�? |�i�h _�tU�tt�L? Lu |�i i�L*�|�L? Lu U�*|�hi ��|� |�i

uL**L��?} @h}�4i?|� 5�TTLti |�@| ��4@? Mi�?}t @hi @ ThL_�U| Lu M�L*L}�U@* i�L*�|�L?�

5�TTLti �| �t TLtt�M*i uLh M�L*L}�U@* i�L*�|�L? |L Uhi@|i @ }i?i ���U� 4@!it �| TLtt�M*i uLh

T@hi?|t |L �4Th�?| |�i�h U��*_hi? ��|� h�*it Lu Mi�@��Lh ���U� �?ULhTLh@|i |�i @_�*|t<

!?L�*i_}i Lu |�i i?��hL?4i?|� N?_ih ��@| UL?_�|�L?t �L�*_ t�U� @ }i?i �?Uhi@ti |�i

U�@?Uit uLh t�h���@* Lu |�i ��4@? tTiU�itq

A�i hi^��hi4i?|tc Mh�i�)c @hi @? i?��hL?4i?| ���U� �t t��U�i?|*) UL4T*i |�@|

tLT��t|�U@|i_ T@||ih?t Lu Mi�@��Lh @hi ?iUitt@h) @?_ |�@| |�i i?��hL?4i?| Mi U�@?}�?}

Page 27: B u| B ?} @? |i , L*| L? Lu LLTih@| L?

L�ih |�4i EtL |�@| u�** }i?i|�U ThL}h@44�?} �t ?L| LT|�4@*�c M�| ?L| tL ^��U!*) |�@| |�i

!?L�*i_}i Lu |�i T@hi?|t �t Lu ?L �@*�i ELh ?i}@|��i �@*�i� |L |�i U��*_hi?� A�i hi@_ih �t

hiuihhi_ |L �L)_ @?_ +�U�ihtL? uLh |�i _i|@�*tc M�| |�iti UL?_�|�L?t _L ?L| tii4

T@h|�U�*@h*) hit|h�U|��i Lh �?hi@*�t|�U� A�i @h}�4i?| LM��L�t*) @TT*�it |L @?) tTiU�itc @?_ �t

|�ihiuLhi i4T�h�U@**) ^��|i |it|@M*i�

A�i @tt�4T|�L? |�@| �?_���_�@*t @hi t�M�iU| |L U�*|�h@* ThL}h@44�?} �t L? �h4

|�iLhi|�U@* }hL�?_� A�i @tt�4T|�L? |�@| U�*|�hi @?_ U�t|L4 @hi |�i L�|UL4i Lu @?

i�L*�|�L?@h) ThLUitt �@t }i?��?i i4T�h�U@* UL?|i?|� B��i? |�iti |�L u@U|tc |�ihi �t ?L

*L?}ih @?) hi@tL? uLh iUL?L4�U _�tU�tt�L?t Lu RU�*|�h@* ?Lh4t� Lh RtLU�@* UL?�i?|�L?t� |L

Mi @_4�tt�L?t Lu _iui@|�

�@h4�U�@i*G "�ii?<t N?��iht�|) @| k�?}t|L?

�@UwiL_G �Lt|L? �L**i}i @?_ ��+�#�,�c N?��iht�|�i _i �L?|hi@*

D �TTi?_�

D�� , �t|i?Ui @?_ 5|@M�*�|) Lu 6��.�

W? |�i |i | �i �@�i @tt�4i_ |�@| }��i? @? �?�|�@* TLT�*@|�L? ThL�*i �. |�i _�t|h�M�|�L? Lu

t|h@|i}�it �? |�i 4@|U��?} 4@h!i| ^��U!*) hi@U�it @? i^��*�Mh��4� A�ihi _L i �t|

?L?�t|@|�L?@h) t|h@|i}�it EuLh i @4T*i @?) @Tih�L_�U tiT@h@|�L? t|h@|i})� uLh ���U� L?i

U*i@h*) _Lit ?L| �@�i UL?�ih}i?Ui� W? |��t tiU|�L? �i _i4L?t|h@|i |�i i �t|i?Ui @?_

UL?�ih}i?Ui |L 6��.�uLh @ �?�|i TLT�*@|�L? |�@| @TThL �4@|it |�i i^��*�Mh��4 t|h@|i}�it

t|�_�i_ �? |�i T@Tih�

�L?t�_ih @ �?�|i TLT�*@|�L? Lu �?_���_�@*tc �?_i i_ M) � 5 � ' i�c ���c 2?j � W? L�h

4L_i* @| |�i Mi}�??�?} Lu i@U� Tih�L_ @}i?|t @hi 4@|U�i_ �? T@�ht� 5L4i Lu |�iti 4@|U�it

*@t| L?*) L?i Tih�L_c L|�iht @hi Lu *L?}ih _�h@|�L?� B��i? |��t T@�h�?} @?_ |�i t|h@|i}�it

@ttLU�@|i_ |L i@U� T*@)ihc L?i U@? _i_�Ui |�i ThLM@M�*�|) |�@| |�i) ��** Mi 4@|U�i_ ��|�

|�i t@4i T@h|?ih ?i | Tih�L_c @?_c �u |�i) tiT@h@|ic |�i ThLM@M�*�|) |�@| |�i) ��** Mi T@�hi_

Page 28: B u| B ?} @? |i , L*| L? Lu LLTih@| L?

��|� @ ?i� @}i?| |@!i? uhL4 �� A�i t|@|i tT@Ui �t |�i ti| Lu @** T@�h�?}t |�@| �t _i?L|i_ M)G

� '

;A?A=

s G � $ � ms �t ��� @?_ L?|Lc t�U� |�@|

s � s ' �_e?|�|+c s E�� 9' �c � 5 ��

<A@A>

�Mtih�i |�@| |�i t�3i Lu |�i t|@|i tT@Ui �t m�m ' E2?� �� � E2?� �� � ��� � � � �� �L?t�_ih

|�i i^��*�Mh��4 U@ti �? ���U� @}i?|t i�|�ih tiT@h@|i @u|ih L?i Tih�L_c Lh t|@) |L}i|�ih �?|�*

_i@|� E���U� LUU�ht @| @ h@|i 4�� wi| B E�c �� Mi f �u �44i_�@|i tiT@h@|�L? LUU�ht uLh @ T@�hc

@?_ *i| �| Mi � �u |�i) ��** t|@) |L}i|�ih� W? |�@| U@ti |�i ThLM@M�*�|) Lu tiT@h@|�L? �t

E�� 4� � �** |�Lti @}i?|t |�@| tiT@h@|i @| |�i i?_ Lu @ Tih�L_c @hi 4@|U�i_ h@?_L4*) @| |�i

Mi}�??�?} Lu |�i ?i | Tih�L_c hit�*|�?} �? @ ?i� t|@|i r| 5T

�? Tih�L_ |� A��t �4T*�it |�@|

}��i? @?) t|@|i r|3� ' r& 5 � E��ihi & �t |�i �?_i uLh @ t|@|i |@!i? uhL4 i�c ���c m�mj� |�ihi

�t @ �i** _i�?i_ @?_ � i_ ThLM@M�*�|) |�@| t|@|i r| ' r, 5T

��** LUU�h�

wi| � ' d�&,o Mi |�i |h@?t�|�L? 4@|h� c ��ihi �&, �t |�i ThLM@M�*�|) Lu }L�?} uhL4 t|@|i

r& |L t|@|i r,� �Mtih�i |�@| }��i? |�@| |�ihi �t @ TLt�|��i ThLM@M�*�|) Lu _i@|� uLh i@U� T@�hc

|�i? |�ihi �t @ t|h�U|*) TLt�|��i ThLM@M�*�|) |�@| @** @}i?|t @hi �? |�i 4@h!i| @| |�i t@4i

|�4ic @?_ �i?Ui @ t|h�U|*) TLt�|��i ThLM@M�*�|) Lu LUU�hhi?Ui uLh i�ih) t|@|i �? �� A��t � �t

@ t|h�U|*) TLt�|��i 4@|h� c @?_ M) |�i 6hLMi?��t��ihhL? |�iLhi4 |�ihi �t @ �?�^�i

t|@|�L?@h) _�t|h�M�|�L?c 6c ��|� |�i ThLTih|) |�@| 76� |$ 6 @t |$4� A�i tTii_ Lu

UL?�ih}i?Ui �t ��}�ih @t 4$ f�

A��t *�4�|�?} _�t|h�M�|�L? U@? ?L� Mi hi*@|i_ |L �. @?_ 6��.��? |�i |i |� wi|

Z Ej� � � _i?L|i |�i ti| Lu �?_���_�@*t T*@)�?} t|h@|i}) j� A�i? uh@U|�L? Lu |�i TLT�*@|�L?

T*@)�?} j �t Rj ' mZ Ej�m *2?� B��i? @?) ThL�*i �.c MiU@�ti �| UL?t�t|t Lu @ �?�|i ?�4Mih Lu

t|h@|i}�it �| U@? Mi @TThL �4@|i_ @hM�|h@h�*) U*Lti*) ��|� @ *@h}i ?� A�i t|@|�L?@h)

_�t|h�M�|�L? _itUh�Mit |�i _�t|h�M�|�L? Lu |�i 4@|U�it ��t| @u|ih |�i @?L?)4L�t 4@|U��?} �?

|�i 4@h!i|� A�i? |�i �?UL?_�|�L?@* ThLM@M�*�|) |�@| �?_���_�@* � �t �? |�i 4@h!i| @| @

t|@|�L?@h) 4@|U� _�t|h�M�|�L? �t }��i? M)G

R� '[sM�

6s EE�� B E�c s E���� n E�� 4� B E�c s E���� c E�e�

��ihi 6s �t |�i ThLM@M�*�|) Lu t|@|i s @| |�i t|@|�L?@h) _�t|h�M�|�L?� A�i �ht| |ih4 �t

Mh@U!i|t �t � �u @}i?| � �t 4@|U�i_ ��|� @ T@h|?ih ��|� ��L4 tiT@h@|�L? �t Uih|@�?c ���*i

|�i tiUL?_ |ih4 �t |�i ThLM@M�*�|) Lu tiT@h@|�L? uhL4 @ *L?} |ih4 T@h|?ih _�i |L _i@|�� wi|

Page 29: B u| B ?} @? |i , L*| L? Lu LLTih@| L?

^j _i?L|i |�i ThLM@M�*�|) Lu t|h@|i}) j Mi�?} LMtih�i_ �? |�i 4@h!i| uLh 6��.�c |�i? �| �t

_i�?i_ @t @ u�?U|�L? Lu R� @?_ Z Ej� M)G

^j '[

�MZEj�

R�/

2?� E�D�

A��t �**�t|h@|it |�@| ��|� @ t|h�U|*) TLt�|��i _i@|� h@|ic |�i �?�|i @TThL �4@|�L? |L L�h

4L_i* �t @tt�hi_ Lu UL?�ih}i?Ui |L @? i^��*�Mh��4 _�t|h�M�|�L? Lu t|h@|i}�it �? |�i 4@h!i|�

A��t @h}�4i?| U@? Mi i |i?_i_ |L �?U*�_i 4Lhi }i?ih@* t|h@|i}�itc @|�L�}� |�i _i|@�*t @hi

tL4i��@| 4Lhi UL4T*�U@|i_� � t��U�i?| UL?_�|�L? �t uLh 4@|U�it Lu @}i A @?_ *@h}ihc

��ihi A �t tL4i �?�|i ?�4Mihc |L �@�i @ UL?t|@?| ThLM@M�*�|) Lu tiT@h@|�L?� W? |��t U@ti

L?i �?Uhi@tit |�i t�3i Lu |�i t|@|i tT@Ui M) �?U*�_�?} |�i @}i Lu |�i 4@|U�c ��|� @** 4@|U�it

Lu @}i A @?_ *@h}ih �_i?|��i_ |L Mi Lu |�i t@4i @}i� A��t i?t�hit |�@| L?i �@t @ �?�|i t|@|i

tT@Ui ��|� @ |�4i t|@|�L?@h) |h@?t�|�L? 4@|h� � A��t 4@|h� ��** ?L *L?}ih Mi t|h�U|*)

TLt�|��i MiU@�ti |�i |h@?t�|�L? uhL4 t@) @ 4@|U� Lu @}i � |L @}i D �L�*_ Mi �4TLtt�M*i�

OL�i�ihc _�i |L |�i _i@|� ThLUittc |�ihi ��** Mi ?L @MtLhM�?} t|@|itc ��|� @** t|@|it Mi�?}

i�|�ih |h@?t�|Lh) Lh Mi*L?}�?} |L @ t�?}*i U*Lti_ UL44�?�U@|�?} U*@tt� A��t @}@�? |�ihi ��**

Mi @ �?�^�i i^��*�Mh��4 _�t|h�M�|�L? 6��.��

D�2 �hLLu Lu �hLTLt�|�L? 2�e

�hLLu� i t�@** t�L� |�@| uLh @?) @hM�|h@h) 4itt@}i � c |�ihi i �t|t @ �@t� i^��*�Mh��4

ThL�*i UL?t�t|�?} Lu @ 4� |�hi Lu U*�MM�it @?_ T@h@t�|it� wi| |�i uh@U|�L?t Lu T@h@t�|it �? |�i

4@h!i| @| |�i Mi}�??�?} Lu i@U� Tih�L_ Mi kc @?_ |��t |�ihi �t @ uh@U|�L? Lu E��k� U*�MM�it

�? |�i TLL* Lu �?4@|U�i_ @}i?|t @| |�i Mi}�??�?} Lu i@U� Tih�L_� Wu L?i U*�M 4i4Mih 4ii|t

@?L|�ih |�i? |�i) ��** t|@) 4@|U�i_ �?_i�?�|i*) @?_ hiUi��i |�i T@)Lg �*E� � 4�� i �@�i

T � ' E�� k��

� � 4n kEf n 4T �� E�S�

@?_

T � ' E� � k�� n kn 4T � E�.�

tL |�@|

T S 'E�� k��

E� � k4�E�� 4�E�H�

Page 30: B u| B ?} @? |i , L*| L? Lu LLTih@| L?

@?_

T � 'E� � k�� n k

E�� 4�E�b�

W? i^��*�Mh��4 T � ' T � c tL �i �@�i

E�� k�� n k 'E�� k��

�� k4E2f�

A��t i Thitt�L? U@? Mi hi@hh@?}i_ �?|L @ ^�@_h@|�U �? kc ���U� �t }�@h@?|ii_ @ tL*�|�L? M)

UL?_�|�L? ES� �? |�i |i |�

wi| kW Mi |�i tL*�|�L?� i ?ii_ |L �?_ |�i uh@U|�L? Lu U*�MM�it �? |�i TLT�*@|�L? |�@|

��** hit�*| �? @ t|i@_) t|@|i uh@U|�L? Lu E�� kW� U*�MM�it i?|ih�?} |�i 4@h!i| i�ih) Tih�L_�

A�i |L|@* TLT�*@|�L? t�3i �t ?Lh4@*�3i_ |L �c @?_ *i| q Mi |�i ?�4Mih Lu U*�MM�it �? |�i

TLT�*@|�L?c ��|� q6 Mi |�i ?�4Mih �? 4@h!i| @?_ qJ |�i ?�4Mih |�@| @hi 4@|U�i_� 5�?Ui

T@h@t�|it @hi @*�@)t �? |�i 4@h!i|c |�i |L|@* 4@h!i| TLT�*@|�L? �t E�� qJ�c @?_ M)

_i�?�|�L?G

q6* E�� qJ� ' E� � kW� � E2��

W? i^��*�Mh��4 |�i L�|�L� uhL4 |�i 4@h!i| 4�t| Mi i^�@* |L |�i �?�L�� A�i L�|�L�

�t }��i? M) |�i ?�4Mih Lu *L?} |ih4 4@|U�it ���U� @hi uLh4i_ i@U� Tih�L_c Lh Eq6�2 � A�i

�?�L� �t }��i? M) |�i ?�4Mih Lu *L?} |ih4 4@|U�it |�@| _�i @| |�i i?_ Lu |�i Tih�L_c Lh

E�� 4��Eq6�

2n qJ

�� i |�ihiuLhi }i| |�i �L� i^�@|�L?G

Eq6�2' E�� 4�

�Eq6�

2n qJ

�E22�

�i �?_ |�@| |�i i^��*�Mh��4 ThLTLh|�L?t @hiG

q6 '�� n

t� n e4 E�� kW�2

24E�� kW�c E2��

qJ ' 4Eq6�2�

�| |��t uh@U|�L? Lu U*�MM�itc ?i� T*@)iht ��** Mi �?_�gihi?| Mi|�ii? U�LLt�?} |L Mi @

T@h@t�|i Lh �L�?�?} |�i }hL�T Lu U*�MM�it� AL UL4T*i|i |�i ThLLu L?i ?ii_t |L LMtih�i |�@|

?L L|�ih t|h@|i}) U@? _L Mi||ih @}@�?t| |��t ThL�*i� A��t �L�*_ hi^��hi |�@| L?i Mi @M*i |L

_�t|�?}��t� Mi|�ii? |�i T@h@t�|it @?_ |�i U*�MM�it� 5�?Ui |�ihi @hi ?L hiT�|@|�L? igiU|tc

@?_ ML|� |)Tit ti?_ |�i t@4i 4itt@}itc |��t �t �4TLtt�M*i�

Page 31: B u| B ?} @? |i , L*| L? Lu LLTih@| L?

A�i UL4T�|@|�L? Lu kW �t t�L�? �? 6�}�hi 2�

6�}�hi 2 �ihi

6hL4 UL?_�|�L? S �? |�i |i | �i tii |�@| @ �@t� i^��*�Mh��4 �?�L*��?} ULLTih@|�L?

i �t|t ��i?i�ih |�i }@�?t uhL4 U�i@|�?} E� ��� @hi t��U�i?|*) t4@** @?_ tL *L?} @ 4 �t

t��U�i?|*) *@h}i� 5iUL?_*)c @t L?i U@? tii �? |�i �}�hic ��i? @ �@t� i^��*�Mh��4 i �t|t

|�ihi ��** |)T�U@**) Mi |�L Lu |�i4c ��|� |�i L?i �@��?} |�i t4@**ih uh@U|�L? Lu T@h@t�|it

Mi�?} *LU@**) t|@M*i�

Page 32: B u| B ?} @? |i , L*| L? Lu LLTih@| L?

+iuihi?Uit

d�o �!ih*Luc B�c Rw@MLh �L?|h@U|t @t @ �@h|�@* B�u| , U�@?}ic�

"�@h|ih*) aL�h?@* Lu ,UL?L4�Ut e. E�bH��c De��Sb�

d2o � i*hL_c +�c A�i ,�L*�|�L? Lu �LLTih@|�L?c E�i� vLh!G �@t�U �LL!tc �bHe��

d�o �iU!ihc B�c � Ahi@|�ti L? |�i 6@4�*)c E�@4Mh�_}iG O@h�@h_ N?��iht�|) �hittc �bH���

deo ��?4Lhic k�c @?_ w� 5@4�i*tL?c R,�L*�|�L?@h) 5|@M�*�|) �? +iTi@|i_ B@4it �*@)i_ M)

6�?�|i ��|L4@|@c� aL�h?@* Lu ,UL?L4�U A�iLh) DD E�bb2�c 2.H��fD�

dDo �*�4ic ��c v� k�4c @?_ a� 5LMi*c R,�L*�|�L?@h) 5|@M�*�|) �? B@4it Lu

�L44�?�U@|�L?c� �Lh!�?} T@Tihc #iT@h|4i?| Lu ,UL?L4�Utc N?��iht�|) Lu �@*�uLh?�@

@| 5@? #�i}Lc ��}�t| �bb2�

dSo �L@tc 6�c �?|�hLTL*L}) @?_ �L_ih? w�uic E�i� vLh!G `� `� �Lh|L? c�b2H��

d.o �L)_c +�c @?_ �� +�U�ihtL?c ��*|�hi @?_ |�i ,�L*�|�L?@h) �hLUittc E���U@}LG

N?��iht�|) Lu ���U@}L �hittc �bHD��

dHo �@h4�U�@i*c O� w�c R6�h4 5TiU��U O�4@? �@T�|@* @?_ �hL4L|�L? w@__ihtc�

�i** aL�h?@* �e E�bH��c 2D��DH�

dbo �@h4�U�@i*c O� w�c R5i*u ,?uLhU�?} �L?|h@U|tc 5��h!�?}c @?_ w�ui �)U*i W?Ui?|��itc�

aL�h?@* Lu ,UL?L4�U �ihtTiU|��it � E�bHb�c SD � H��

d�fo �@4ihihc ��c RB�u|t @t ,UL?L4�U 5�}?@*t @?_ 5LU�@* 5�}?@*tc�

�4ih�U@? aL�h?@* Lu 5LU�L*L}) bec E�bHH�c 5�Hf � 52�e�

d��o �L*i4@?c a� 5�c R5LU�@* �@T�|@* �? |�i �hi@|�L? Lu O�4@? �@T�|@*c�

�4ih�U@? aL�h?@* Lu 5LU�L*L}) be E�bHH�c 5bD � 5�2f�

d�2o #@�!�?tc +�c A�i 5i*�t� Bi?i E� uLh_G � uLh_ N?��iht�|) �hittc �b.S�

Page 33: B u| B ?} @? |i , L*| L? Lu LLTih@| L?

d��o 6h@?!c +� O�c RWu OL4L ,UL?L4�U�t UL�*_ ��LLti ��t L�? N|�*�|) 6�?U|�L?c L�*_ �i

@?| �?i ��|� @ �L?tU�i?Uiqc� �4ih�U@? ,UL?L4�U +i��i� .H E�bHH�c Db��Sf�

d�eo 6�_i?Mih}c #� a� @?_ ,� �@t!�?c R,�L*�|�L? @?_ �LLTih@|�L? �? �L�t) +iTi@|i_

B@4itc� �4ih�U@? ,UL?L4�U +i��i� Hf E�bbf�c 2.e�.b�

d�Do �@t!�?c ,�c R,�L*�|�L? @?_ �L44�?�U@|�L? �? B@4itc� 4�4iLc O@h�@h_ N?��iht�|)c

�bb��

d�So B@�|��ihc #�c �Lh@*t �) �}hii4i?| E�@4Mh�_}iG �@4Mh�_}i N?��iht�|) �hittc �bHS��

d�.o OLuM@�ihc a� @?_ k� 5�}4�?_c A�i A�iLh) Lu ,�L*�|�L? @?_ #)?@4�U@* 5)t|i4tc

E�@4Mh�_}iG �@4Mh�_}i N?��iht�|) �hittc �bHH��

d�Ho k�4c v�c @?_ a� 5LMi*c R�? ,�L*�|�L?@h) �TThL@U� |L �hi��*@) �L44�?�U@|�L?tc�

�Lh!�?} T@Tihc N?��iht�|) Lu WL�@c 6iMh�@h) �bb2�

d�bo k*i�?c �� @?_ k� wi=ihc RA�i +L*i Lu �@h!i| 6LhUit �? ,?t�h�?} �L?|h@U|�@*

�ihuLh4@?Uic� aL�h?@* Lu �L*�|�U@* ,UL?L4) Hb E�b.b�c S�D�e��

d2fo �@UwiL_c `� �� @?_ a� �@*UL*4tL?c RW4T*�U�| �L?|h@U|tc W?Ui?|��i �L4T@|@M�*�|)c

@?_ W?�L*�?|@h) N?i4T*L)4i?|c� ,UL?L4i|h�U@ D. E�bHb�c ��2�22�

d2�o �@|t��c ��c R��i@T�A@*! @?_ �LLTih@|�L? �? @ 5LU�i|)c� aL�h?@* Lu ,UL?L4�U A�iLh)

De E�bb��c 2eD�2DH�

d22o �@�ttc �� A�i B�u|c E�i� vLh!G `� `� �Lh|L?c �bbf��

d2�o �@)?@h_ 54�|�c a�c ,�L*�|�L? @?_ |�i A�iLh) Lu B@4it E�@4Mh�_}iG �@4Mh�_}i

N?��iht�|) �hittc �bH2��

d2eo �L�@!c �� @?_ k� 5�}4�?_c RA�| uLh A@| �? |�i +iTi@|i_ �h�tL?ih<t #�*i44@c�

�@|�hi �DD E�bb2�c 2Df�D��

d2Do +LMtL?c ��c R,�U�i?U) �? ,�L*�|�L?@h) B@4itG #@h��?c �@t� @?_ |�i 5iUhi|

O@?_t�@!ic� aL�h?@* Lu A�iLhi|�U@* ��L*L})� �ee E�bbf�c �.b�bS�

Page 34: B u| B ?} @? |i , L*| L? Lu LLTih@| L?

d2So 5�@T�hLc �� @?_ a� 5|�}*�|3c R,^��*�Mh��4 N?i4T*L)4i?| @t @ Lh!ih #�tU�T*�?i

#i��Uic� �4ih�U@? ,UL?L4�U +i��i� .e E�bHe�c e���ee�

d2.o 5U�*@}c k�c R`�i? #Lit ,�L*�|�L? wi@_ |L ,�U�i?U) �? �L44�?�U@|�L? B@4itqc�

|iU�?�U@* hiTLh|c 6h�i_h�U��`�*�i*4t�N?��iht�|@| �L??c #iUi4Mih�bbe�

d2Ho A@)*Lhc ��#� @?_ w� aL?!ihc R,�L*�|�L?@h�*) 5|@M*i 5|h@|i}�it @?_ B@4i #)?@4�Utc�

�@|�i4@|�U@* ��LtU�i?Uit ef E�b.H�c �eD�DS�

d2bo `�**�@4tL?c ��c R�hi_�M*i �L44�|4i?|tG |�i Nti Lu OLt|@}it |L 5�TTLh| , U�@?}ic�

�4ih�U@? ,UL?L4�U +i��i� H� E�bH��c D�b�ef�

d�fo �@? #@44ic ,�c R5|@M*i ,^��*�Mh�@ @?_ 6Lh�@h_ W?_�U|�L?c�

aL�h?@* Lu ,UL?L4�U A�iLh) eH E�bHb�c e.S�bH�

d��o �@? #@44ic ,�c 5|@M�*�|) @?_ �ihuiU|�L? Lu �@t� ,^��*�Mh�@ E�ih*�?G 5Th�?}ih�Vih*@}c

�bb���

S 6�}�hit

6�}�hi �G 6�}�hi �G i*u@hi wLtt _�i |L B�u|t

Page 35: B u| B ?} @? |i , L*| L? Lu LLTih@| L?

6�}�hi 2G 6�}�hi 2G ,^��*�Mh��4 ��|� A�L �LT�*@|�L?t