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4. Baxevanis AD, “Bioinformatics: A practical Guide to the analysis of
genes and proteins”.
5. Stephen A., David K, Womble D, “Introduction to Bioinformatics: A
Theoretical and Practical Approach”.
6. Brown TA, “Gene Cloning and DNA Analysis”.
ELECTIVES I
IMMUNOTECHNOLOGY MTBT 302A
L T P 3 1 0
Unit I [8] Drugs: Antimetabolites, corticosteroids, anti-inflammatory agents; Cytokines: Cytokines regulating immune inflammation: interleukin-4, interleukin-20, interleukin-12; The interferons:Basic biology and therapeutic potential
Unit II [8] Antibodies and antibody based therapy: Production of Polyclonal antibodies with different types of antigens : antigen preparation and modification, adjuvant, dose and route of antigen administration, collection of sera, purification of antibodies; Inhibitors of tumor necrosis factor, targeting the IL2 receptor with antibodies or chimeric toxins, monoclonal antibodies to CD3 Unit III [8] Hybridoma techniques and monoclonal antibody production - myeloma cell lines - fusion of myeloma cells with antibody producing B-cells-fusion methods - selection and screening methods for positive hybrids - cloning methods - production, purification and characterization of monoclonal antibodies. Application of monoclonals in biomedical research, in clinical diagnosis and treatment; Production of human monoclonal antibodies and their applications. Unit IV [8] Immunotherapy for allergic diseases: Specific and nonspecific immunotherapy for Asthma and allergic diseases, insect stings etc.; Cellular therapy, Drug therapy in HIV: Tumor Immunology, AIDS and other Immunodeficiencies; Vaccine and peptide therapy, newer methods of vaccine preparation, sub-unit vaccines, immuno-diagnosis of infectious diseases Unit V [8] Transplantation: Renal, pancreas, cardiac, lung, liver, xenotransplantation. Immunodiagnosis of infectious diseases. Books Suggested:
therapy, Nucleic acid therapeutic agents. Protein production by genetically
engineered mammalian cell lines, Manipulation of Growth hormone:
somatotropic hormone, Thyroid horomone; Probiotics as growth promoters,
Ideal characteristics probiotics, uses of probiotics.
Books Suggested:
1. Brown TA “Gene cloning: An introduction”
2. Old & Primrose “Principles of Gene Manipulation”
3. Debra Davis “Animal Biotechnology: Science-Based Concerns”
4. Anthony Atala, Robert P. Lanza “Methods of Tissue Engineering”
5. Nigel Jenkins “Animal Cell Biotechnology: Methods and Protocols”
6. Carl Pinkert “Transgenic Animal Technology: A Laboratory
PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES: Perl and JAVA MTBT 302C
L T P 3 1 0
Unit I [8] JAVA: An introduction to JAVA programming, Object-oriented programming and JAVA. JAVA Basics. Working with objects, Arrays, Conditionals and Loops. Creating Classes and Applications in JAVA. More about methods, JAVA Applets Basics, Graphics, Fonts and Color, Simple Animation and Threads
Unit II [8] Advanced Animation, Images and Sound. Managing Simple Events and Interactivity. Creating User Interfaces with AWT. Windows, Networking and other Tidbits. Modifiers, Access Control and Class Design. Packages and Interfaces. Exception. Multithreading. Streams and I/O. Using Native Methods and Libraries. Under the Hood. Java Programming Tools. Working with Data Structures and Java. Image Filters.
Unit III [8] Perl: Introduction: What is PERL? Why use PERL in Bioinformatics? History of PERL, Availability, Support, Basic Concepts. Scalar Data: What Is Scalar Data?, Numbers, Strings, Scalar Operators, Scalar Variables, Scalar Operators and Functions. Arrays and List Data: What Is a List or Array? Literal Representation, Variables, Array Operators and Functions, Scalar and List Context; Control Structures: Statement Blocks. Hashes: What Is a Hash? Hash Variables, Literal Representation of a Hash, Hash Functions, Hash Slices; Basic I/O. Regular Expressions: Concepts About Regular Expressions, Simple Uses of Regular Expressions, Patterns, More on the Matching Operator, Substitutions, The split and join Functions. Subroutines: System and User Functions, The local Operator, Variable-length Parameter Lists, Notes on Lexical Variables. Unit IV [8] Miscellaneous Control Structures: Filehandles and File Tests: What Is a
Filehandle? Opening and Closing a Filehandle, Using Pathnames and Filenames, A Slight Diversion: die, Using Filehandles, The -x File Tests, The stat Function. Formats: What Is a Format? Defining a Format, Invoking a Format. Directory Access: Moving Around the Directory Tree, Globbing, Directory Handles, Opening and Closing a Directory Handle, Reading a Directory Handle. File and Directory Manipulation. Process Management: Using system and exec, Using Backquotes. Other Data Transformation: Finding a Substring, Extracting and Replacing a Substring. Formatting Data: Sorting, Transliteration System Information: Getting User and Machine Information, Packing and Unpacking Binary Data, Getting Network Information. Unit V [8] Database Manipulation: DBM Databases and DBM Hashes, Opening and Closing DBM Hashes, Fixed-Length Random-Access Databases, Variable-Length (Text) Databases, Win32 Database Interfaces. CGI Programming: The CGI.pm Module, Your CGI Program in Context, Simplest CGI Program, Passing Parameters via CGI, Perl and the Web. Object oriented perl: Introduction to modules, Creating Objects BIOPERL: Introduction, Installation procedures, Architecture, Uses of bioperl. Books Suggested:
1. James Tisdall; Beginning Perl for Bioinformatics (O’Reilly & Associates, 2001)
2. James Tisdall; Matering Perl for Bioinformatics (O’Reilly & Associates, 2003)
3. Rex A. Dawyer; Genomic Perl (Cambridge University Press).
Unit I [8] IPR & Bioethics: Why IPR is necessary, Various forms of IPR, TRIPS and IPR, IPR- National and International scenario, Issues related to IPR protection of software and database, IPR protection of life forms; Necessity of bioethics, Origin and Evolution of ethics into bioethics, Different paradigms of bioethics- National and International Unit II [8] Microbiological quality of food and water, Treatment of municipal waste; Degradation of pesticides and other toxic chemicals by micro-organisms; Thuringiensis toxin as a natural pesticide; Biological control of other insects swarming the agricultural fields; Enrichment of ores by micro-organisms; Biofertilizers, Nitrogen fixing micro-organisms enrich the soil with assimilable nitrogen. Unit III [8] Solid wastes-Sources, nature and characteristics, Quantities and qualities, Rates of generation and factors affecting them, Potential of diseases, nuisances and other problems due to solid wastes, Changing nature of solid wastes and its impact on solid waste management, Solid wastes management- Generation, on-site storage, collection, separation, processing and disposal On-site storage methods-containers, their type, size and location, Collection systems-Vehicles, routing, route balancing and transfer stations, Processing methods, recovery and reuse of materials and energy, Disposal methods such as sanitary landfill biological digestion etc.; Industrial and Hazardous solid waste management, Urban solid waste management and its modeling. Unit IV [8] Bioleaching; Bioremediation; Biodegradable plastics; Biofuels / Biodiesel; Vermitechnology. Unit V [8]
Pollution of air, water and soil and its control; Radiation hazards. Books Suggested:
1. "Waste water Engineering Treatment and Disposal and Reuse" by
Metcalf & Eddy. 2. "Water Pollution Management Hand Book" by Lepathak. 3. "Waste Water Management" by Arceivala. 4. "Environmental Biotechnology" by C. F. Forster and D. A. J. Wase. 5. "New Processes of Waste water treatment and recovery" by G. Mattock
(ED) Ellis Horwood. 6. "Biochemical Engineering fundamentals" 2nd ed. by J E Bailey and D F
Ollis , McGraw - Hill 7. "Environmental Biotechnology" by Jogdand.
MEDICAL BIOTECHNOLOGY MTBT 302E
L T P 3 1 0
Unit I [8] Clinical conditions and diagnosis; Clinical conditions of various syndromes associated with major organs - General, systemic and specific syndromes. Diagnosis of diseases Clinical diagnosis - pattern of disease, indication of disease for microbial etiology Laboratory diagnosis - haematology, biochemistry, microbiology, serology, radiology and other special methods. Microbial spoilage and preservation of pharmaceutical products. Spoilage - types - physical, chemical, nutritional factors and assessment of spoilage - Preservation - physical, chemical and antimicrobial means - Evaluation of microbial stability of formulations. Unit II [8] Prevention and treatment of human diseases Avoiding exposure to pathogen
Antibiotics and chemotherapeutic agents - drug resistance and antibiotic policy
Using body’s immune responses Alternative systems - Chinese, European and
Indian (Siddha, Ayurveda, Naturopathy, etc.) Epidemiology and control of
community infection Definitions – principles – spread - outbreaks of infection
– analysis - investigation and control of outbreak. Nosocomial infection
Factors that influence hospital infection, hospital pathogens, route of
transmission, investigation, prevention and control.
Unit III [8] Pathogen, pathogenesis, clinical condition, laboratory diagnosis, epidemiology, chemotherapy and prevention of the following diseases based on various portals of entry Via respiratory tract Viral - common cold, influenza, measles, mumps, chicken pox, infectious mononucleosis Bacterial - pneumonia, bronchitis, rheumatic fever, diphtheria, whooping cough, tuberculosis, meningitis Fungal-histoplasmosis, blastomycosis, coccidiomycosis. Via gastrointestinal tract Viral - gastroenteritis, hepatitis, poliomyelitis Bacterial - botulism, food poisoning, gastro - enterocolitis, typhoid, cholera, appendicitis Fungal - food poisoning Algal - food poisoning Protozoan - Amoebic dysentery, giardiasis Via urinogenital tract Viral – AIDS Bacterial - urinary tract
infection, female genital tract infection Sexually transmitted diseases - gonorrhea, syphilis, non-gonococcal urethritis, genital warts, genital herpes, AIDS. Unit IV [8] Gene therapy; Chemotherapy and radiotherapy of tumors; Stem cell therapy: Hemopoietic Stem Cell Disorders: Classification and manifestations Hemopoietic Stem Cell Disorders: A plastic Hemopoietic Stem Cell Disorders: Myleo dysplastic, Myleo proliplastic; Clinical applications of Colony Stems; Clinical uses of ribozymes; Vaccination; Complications of Germs therapy Replacement Therapy and Marrow Transplantation. Immunological principles, Preservation and Clinical use of blood and blood components, hemapheresis procedures and varies to oxyplantation. Unit V [8] Electrical impedence cephalography; Biotelemetry; Biosignal analyzer, CT scan and Magnetic Resonance Imaging assisting the heart and kidney; EEB; ECG; Biosystem modeling; Ultrasonography in diagnosis. Books Suggested: 1. Chaechter M. Medoff G. and Eisenstein BC. Mechanism of Microbial
Diseases, Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore. 2. Collee, JG. Duguid J P., Fraser AG., Marimon BP. Mackie and Mc
Cartney Practical Medical Microbiology, 13th Edition. Churchill Livingstone.
3. David Greenwood, Richard CD, Slack, John Forrest Peutherer. Medical Microbiology. ELBS with Churchill Livingstone.
4. Hugo WB and Russell AD. Pharmaceutical Microbiology Blackwell Scientific Publication, Oxford.
5. Joan Stokes E, Ridgway GL and Wren MWD. Clinical Microbiology. Edward Arnold. A division of Hodder and Stoughton.
6. Ronald M. Atlas. Microbiology. Fundamentals and Applications. Maxwell Macmillan international editions
7. Topley & Wilsons, Principles of Bacteriology, Virology and Immunity, Bacterial Diseases, Edward Arnold, London.
BIOREACTOR ENGINEERING
MTBT 302F
L T P
3 1 0
UNIT I Introduction; General design information; Design considerations for maintaining sterility of process streams and process equipments; piping and instrumentation; materials of construction for bioprocess plants. Flow injection analysis for measurement of substrates, product and other metabolites; State and parameter estimation techniques for biochemical processes. [8] UNIT II Bioreactors for submerged liquid fermentation of microbial cells in: batch reactors - Calculation of batch time, Non-ideality; in semi-continuous reactors; in continuous reactors – PFTR, CSTR; and Combination of reactors. [8] UNIT III Design and analysis of Packed Bed Bioreactor, Airlift Bioreactor, Hollow Fiber
Bioreactor, Plant Cell Bioreactor, Mammalian Cell Bioreactor and bioreactors
for solid state fermentation. [8]
UNIT IV Residence Time Theory; Residence Time Models: Ideal Reactors and Reactor
Combinations, Hydrodynamic Models; Drawbacks of Classical RTD
measurements; Transient behavior in bioreactor. [8]
UNIT V Capital Cost Estimating: Components Of Capital Cost, Working Capital; Estimating Purchased Equipment Costs; Estimating Installed Costs. [8] Books Suggested:
1. Panda, Tapobrata. Bioreactors: Analysis and Design. Tata McGraw Hill,
2011.
2. Moser, Anton, Bioprocess Technology: Kinetics and Reactors. Springer
2. E.P.Odum “Fundamentals of Ecology “V.B.Saunders and Co. 1974.
SECONDARY METABOLISM IN PLANTS AND MICROBES
MTBT 303A L T P 3 1 0
Unit I [8] Introduction to primary & secondary metabolism: structure, biosynthesis and metabolism of important secondary products; Glycosides, isoprenoids, cardenolides, alkaloids, phenylpropanoids and antibiotics. Unit II [8] Important groups of secondary metabolic enzymes; Significance of secondary metabolism and products for the producer organism. Unit III [8] Regulation and expression of secondary metabolism; regulation of enzyme activity; regulation of enzyme amount; integration with differentiation and development; action of inducers; coordinated enzyme expression and sequential gene expression. Unit IV [8] Metabolic products produced by in vitro culturing of plant cells, selection of plant cells/tissues for the production of a specific product, Culture system in secondary plant product biosynthesis-batch continuous cultures and immobilized plant cells, Biotransformation of precursors by cell culturing. Unit V [8] Metabolic pathway engineering for production of secondary metabolites. Books Suggested: 1. Slater A, Scott NW, Fowler MR “Plant Biotechnology: The Genetic
Manipulation of Plants”. 2. Mantell SH, Matthews JA, McKee RA, “Principles of Plant
Biotechnology: An Introduction to Genetic Engineering in Plants”. 3. Brown TA, “Gene cloning: An Introduction”. 4. Old, Primrose, “Principles of Gene Manipulation”. 5. Buchanan, “Plant Biochemistry & Molecular Biology”.
BIOSTATISTICS AND BIOMATHEMATICS MTBT 303B
L T P 3 1 0
Unit I [8] Determinants; Evaluations of 3 x 3 determinants; Matrices; Types of matrices; Inversion of a matrix; Orthogonal matrix; Solution of simultaneous equations; biomatrix methods. Unit II [8] Probability; Definition; Probability of an event, Probability of independent and dependent events, conditional probability, Baye’s theorem. Unit III [8] Probability distribution, random variable, discrete probability distributions-Binomial, Poisson and Gaussian probability distribution and their application in biology. Unit IV [8] Non-parametric test, hypothesis testing, Z-test, student’s t-test, chi square test, F-test for equality of population variance. Unit V [8] Correlation analysis: Karl Pearson’s coefficient of correlation, Spearman’s rank correlation, regression analysis, multiple regression for biotechnological data, analysis of variance (ANOVA). Books Suggested: 1. D. Freedman, R.Pisani, R.Purves, J.M.Lachin, “Biostatistical method: the
assessment of relative risks” 2. P.S.S. Sunder Rao and J.Richard, “An introduction to Bilstatistics”,
Prentice Hall of India, N.Delhi 3. Pillai & Bagavathi, “Statistics-theory and practice”, S. Chand 4. H.K. Dass, “Engineering Mathematics”, S.Chand 5. H.C. Saxena, “Text book of Numerical Analysis”, S.Chand. 6. Martin Bland “An introduction to Medical Statistics”, Oxford Medical
Publ. 7. Alastair C, Wardlaw, “Practical Statistics for Experimental Biologists”,
John Wiley. 8. Wavne W Daÿÿel, “Biostatistics, a foundation for aous ÿÿs in the Health
Science”, John Wiley.
FOOD TECHNOLOGY
MTBT 303C
L T P 3 1 0
Unit I [8] Food as substrate for Microorganisms; General principles underlying spoilage of foods and different methods of preservation of foods, Microbial food poisoning and infection; investigation of foodborne outbreaks, prevention and control.
Unit II [8] Microbiology and spoilage of meat and meat products, fish and poultry, fruits and vegetables, sugar and sugar products, canned foods, process of canning of foods. Unit III [8] Milk and milk products: Clean milk production, collection, cooling and transportation of milk, Therapeutic value and nutritive value of fermented milk products; Spoilage of milk and milk products; Milkborne diseases; antimicrobial systems in milk; sources of contamination of milk; Chemical and microbiological examination of milk; grading of milk; Starter lactic cultures; management and preparation of starter cultures; starter defects. Unit IV [8] Microbial flavors in Dairy and Food industry; Food adulteration and contamination of food with harmful microorganisms; food laws and standards; Indian and International food safety laws and standards; Quality and safety assurance in food and dairy industry; food and dairy arithmetic; standardization of products and costing; BIS Laboratory Services; BIS product certification and licensing quality systems; Certification by BIS. Unit V [8] Determining Microorganisms and their Products in Foods: Culture, Microscopic, and Sampling Methods, Conventional; SPC, Membrane Filters, Microscope colony Counts, Agar Droplets, Dry Films, Most probable Numbers (MPN), Dye-reduction, Roll Tubes, Direct, Microscopic Count
(DMC), Microbiological Examination of surfaces, Air Sampling, Metabolically Injured Organisms Books Suggested: 1. Food Science. Fifth ed.Norman, Potter, CBS Publ. 2. Technology of Food preservation. Norman potter, CBS. 3. Milk and Milk Products, Clarence Henry Eckles TMH Publ. 4. Food Microbiology – Frazier 5. Food Microbiology – J.De and De 6 Food processing :Biotechnological Applications, S.S. Marwaha and
Arora, Asitech Publ. 7. Outlines of Dairy Technology – Sukumar De 8. Adams MR and Moss MO, Food Microbiology, The Royal Society of
Chemistry, Cambridge. 9. Andrews AT, Varley J, Biochemistry of milk products, Royal Society of
Chemistry. 10. Banwart GJ, Basic food microbiology, Chapman & Hall, New York. 11. Frazier WC and Westhoff DC. Food microbiology, TATA McGraw Hill
Publishing Company Ltd, New Delhi. 12. Hobbs BC and Roberts D, Food poisoning and food hygiene, Edward
Arnold (A division of Hodder and Stoughton), London. 13. May JM, Modern food microbiology, CBS Publishers and distributors,
New Delhi. 14. Robinson RK, The microbiology of milk. Elsevier Applied Science,
Western blotting, Immunological techniques; Public concerns related to
recombinant DNA technology; Safety guidelines of rDNA research.
Books Suggested:
1. Old RW, and Primrose SB,Principles of Gene Manipulation,
Blackwell Scientific Pub.
2. Lewin B, "Genes VIII".
3. Winnecker EL, "From Genes to Clones".
4. Freifelder DM, “Molecular Biology”.
5. Brown TA, “Genomes”.
6. Watson JD, “Molecular Biology of the Gene”.
7. Twyman RM, “Advanced Molecular Biology”.
8. Brown TA, “Gene cloning: An introduction”.
9. Old & Primrose, “Principles of Gene Manipulation”.
10. Primrose SB, “Molecular Biotechnology”.
11. Cibelli JB, Robert P, Keith L, Michael C, West D, “Principles of
Cloning”.
12. Voet & Voet, “Biochemistry”.
FERMENTATION TECHNOLOGY & GENETIC ENGINEERING LAB
MTBT 205
L T P 0 0 6
1. Immobilization (calcium alginate/ polyacrylamide/ glutaraldehyde) of whole
cells and enzymes.
2. Organic acid/ alcohol/ enzyme production through fermentation, estimation of product, its separation and its purification
3. Design and scale-up of fermentation parameters 4. Isolation of plasmid/ phage and plant/ animal (genomic) DNA. 5. Agarose gel electrophoresis, visualization of DNA on gels and analysis of
isolated DNA. 6. Amplification of DNA (using PCR) and restriction digestion. 7. RAPD to study biodiversity. 8. Competent cell preparation, transformation, ligation and screening of
transformants. 9. Quantitative estimation, absorption spectra and Tm determination of DNA. 10. Blotting Techniques: Southern/ Northern/ Western Blot Techniques.