B-Quanum: Practical Aspects Ph. Van Boxem, Ing. Institute for Radioelements Fleurus - B IAEA - Quanum Auditor
Dec 26, 2015
B-Quanum: Practical Aspects
Ph. Van Boxem, Ing.Institute for Radioelements
Fleurus - BIAEA - Quanum Auditor
The origin of Quanum
IAEA
“The Agency shall seek to accelerate and enlarge the contribution of atomic energy to peace, health and prosperity throughout the world” Article II of the Statutes of IAEA
Nuclear Medicine Section of IAEA• Mission:
– By strengthening quality of practice, to enhance capabilities of Member States to address health needs by the use of nuclear medicine
Many hospital facilities in poor state.
Lack of understanding of procedural guidelines.
Staff maybe poorly trained and lack appropriate understanding and qualifications.
Very little or no end-user QC.
Poor radiation hygiene and waste management.
Customer satisfaction rarely taken into account
Quality Management in Health Care
Aim• Provide best possible service to patients• At the lowest possible risk• At adequate costs for patients and community,
including the environment
What an audit should be …
Audit should
Be a multi-disciplinary,
multi-professional
activity.
Follow general accepted rules and standards
which are based on
international, national or local legal regulations
guidelines developed by
medical and clinical professional
societies.
Be a systematic and continuing
activity
the recommendation
s given in audit reports are
implemented.
B-Quanum: base for audits• Legal requirement since
2001• Internal self appraisal
since July 2011• Internal audits starting
in July 2012• External audits starting
in July 2013.
Need to remember ...Going through an audit is:
Demonstrating how good the patient care level in the department is at the time of the audit ...
and ...
How the patient care level is enhanced through managed actions and structured process.
Need to remember ...Audit must:
• Happen with a Yearly frequency
• Cover all aspects
• policies
•Human resources
•Risk management
•Clinical procedures
• or be specific (follow up audit)
B-Quanum: practical
• How to prepare for internal audit?• How to organize internal audit?• How to execute internal audit with B-Quanum
as referential?
Essential Internal preparation• Re-visit underlying reasons for the audit with all the stakeholders
• Sensitize team and prepare them for external review process– Re-establish objectives for the team– Ensure team efforts– Commitment and openness of the team
• Update data and cross check information submitted
• Review previous audits and insure required actions have been undertaken.
Comprehensive and well controlled documentation system
Quality Manual
Procedures
Operating Instructions
Reports Tables
...
Contract review
Document control
Purchasing
Process control
Inspection and testing
Test equipment
Quality records
Quality audits
Training
Servicing
Statistical techniques
...
Job descriptions, Responsibilities & authority
Guide to audit questionnaires• Yes or no is not sufficient
• “Comments/Planned Action”- Documentation reference
• non-compliances should be noted, however, prioritization is based on the implication for patients
• priority can be defined as ‘Critical, Major, or Minor’
• Agree action and timely follow-up
Address each element of the audit• Complete all the tables
• What is done in practice rather than what is expected
• Proof of practice
• Tidy all areas of concerns before external audit
• Contingencies and Realistic programme
• Demonstrate ongoing continuous development
Immediately before external audit• Check and Confirm that appointments are acceptable
• Be pro-active and tidy up
• Book rooms and assemble documentation, cases studies etc.
• Agree a programme with senior managers- allow time for formal and informal discussions
• Maintain reasonable routine work load so that auditors can observe practices
• Aim to get maximum benefit and leverage out from the audit.
• Have gone through self evaluation before internal audit• Have the material of the audited process ready:
– Records, files, clinical data– Quality manual– Useful documentation
• Have the prepared material transferred to the audit team• Inform the department , the hospital and other people that the audit
happens• Organize the availability of the needed people• Organize the required meetings• Organize the access to the different places where the audit must happen
An audit must be prepared; one should participate to an audit and not afford or suffer an audit
Preparation for internal audit: summary
B-Quanum: practical
• How to prepare for internal audit?• How to organize internal audit?• How to execute internal audit with B-Quanum
as referential?
How to organize …
• An audit leader must be chosen• Audit leader selects the other team members:
– Independant people– Having knowledge of the procedures and
protocols– Having gained respect from the other team
members– One external person representing users
Example of an audit crew …
• Audit leader• Nuclear medicine physician• Radiophysicist• Technologist• Hospital pharmacist // radiopharmacist• Nursing• Hospital administration representative
• At least three people
Set the agenda …
• An agenda of the audit must be defined• Proposed by the audit team to the audited
department• Depending on the material delivered upfront• Depending on the type of audit (follow up or
first)
Set the agenda …• « Starting the audit » briefing
• Questionnaires review
• Minimal requirements review
• « End of audit » briefing
• Conclusion and report
Starting the audit briefing …
• Select the process to be reviewed• Audit orientation• Team members to participate• Garantee of confidentiality
Questionnaires review• Will cover infrastructure and global nuclear
medicin program: – Managment:
• goals and objectives, • admin and management, • HR development
Questionnaires review
– Risk management• People and environment radioprotection• Patient radioprotection• Quality assurance• Quality Control of imaging material • Computers and data processing systems• Acceptance tests
Questionnaires review– Clinical procedures:
• General aspects• Diagnostic
– Imaging procedures: what is the clinical problem? How to prepare the patient? Which product? Acquisition parameters? Processing parameters? Images? Final report? Feed-back? Grade I, II (4 weeks), III (six months)
– Non-imaging procedures: idem + calculation method
• Therapy– Idem + calculation and treatment validity? Grade I, II
(immediate) and III (six months)
Questionnaires review
PROCESSI PRIMARI
Definizione politica e strategie
Messa a disposizione delle risorse
PROCESSI DI DIREZIONE
Definizione pianificazione emonitoraggio obiettivi
Adempimentinormativi
Gestione risorseumane
PROCESSI DI SUPPORTO
Gestione risorse
tecnologiche
Gestione risorse
strutturali
Gestione approvvigiona
mento
Gestione Rifiuti e pulizie
Gestione Sistema
informatico
Gestione Sistemaqualità
Diagnostica in vivo
Prenotazioneesame
Accettazioneamministrativa
Valutazione appropriatezza
Preparazione radiofarmaco
Somministraz. radiofarmaco Esame
Validazione, refertazione e
consegna referto
Terapia Valutazione Pianificazione e
stima dosimetrica
Somministrazione ed
eventuale imagingRaccomandazioni Referto e
followup
Ambulatorio Visita Prescrizioni Referto e followupPrenotazione Accettazione amministrativa
Attività diFisica medica
ed EQ
FarmaciaMagazzino
SIECIODitta esterna
Ufficio pers.Ufficio formazione
Uff. tecnico _ SIAIng. Clinica - Ditte
Gestore impianti CQ – Dosimetria
Radioprotezione
Risk management
Audit
Sist. Inform. Az.
Questionnaires review• A: legal or international standards• B: normally present• C: desirable but not essential• %: if not 100%, there should be remarks,
action plan• RATING PROPOSAL
– 0 %NOT YET THOUGHT ABOUT/ NOTHING IS DONE – 25 % PLANNED – 50 % PLANNED AND START IMPLEMENT – 75% PLANNED AND IMPLEMENTED – 100 % HAS GONE THROUGH A FULL DEHMING CYCLE / REVIEWED AND ENHANCED / CLEARLY DOCUMENTED
Tabel calculation
VALUES CALCULATED in the tabel
• Adm and Mgmt = (SUM OF THE POINTS OF THE A's : NUMBER A's *4) * 100
Example: number of A’s in checklist #2= 6Result obtained in the A’s questions: 8
(8 / 6*4) * 100 = 34
Rating tabel# checklist NAME OF THE CHECKLIST A
1 STRATEGY AND OBJECTIVES 82
2 ADMINISTRATION ANDS MANAGEMENT 34
3 HUMAN RESSOURCES DEVELOPMENT 35
4 RADIATION, REGULATORY ADN SAFETY 55
5 RADIATION PROTECTION OF THE PATIENT 67
6 EVALUATION AND ASSURANCE OF THE QS 34
7 QC FOR IMAGING EQUIPMENT 75
8 COMPUETR SYSTEM AND DATA HANDLING 65
9 ACCEPTANCE TESTS 88
10 CLINICAL SERVICES_ GENERAL ASPECTS 0
11 IMAGING PROCEDURES 0
12 NON IMAGING PROCEDURES 0
13 RADIONUCLIDE THERAPY 12
14 THERAPEUTIC PROCEDURES 23
15 HOSPITAL PHARMACY LVL1 13
16 HOSPITAL PHARMACY LVL 2 45
17 TUMOR MARKER RIA 35
Questionnaires review…
• Additonnal instruments for the audit:– Location visit– Review and evaluation of the documentation– Practical application of the working procedures– Team members interviews– Meeting with the management of the hospital
Minimal requirements review• Hot and cold areas clearly separated
– Hot laboratory– Injection area– Waiting room with WC for injected patients– Waste management room– Stress test room (if needed)– In vitro room (if applicable)– Diagnostic room– Technologists / nurses room
Minimal requirements review
• Minimal educational requirements reviews– Specialized medical doctor– Radiophysicist– Radiopharmacist (for big installations including pet
centers)– technologists
End of audit briefing• Present the feedback of the
auditors• All points discovered by the
auditors might be discussed• Direct reaction to the
discovered points• Prepare corrective plan• Evaluate and immediate
answer to the A’s problems
Conclusion and report
• Patient oriented priority setting• Clear statement and recommandations
– « Low hanging fruits » (inside the department)– Important points to be solved on high level
(outside the department)
• Addressed to the head of the department / hospital management
• Confirmation of the CAPA’s
QC of equipment
http://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/publications/PDF/Pub1394_web.pdf
http://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/publications/PDF/Pub1393_web.pdf
IAEA-Operational Guide on Hospital Radiopharmacies
http://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/publications/PDF/Pub1342/Pub1342_web.pdf
http://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/publications/PDF/Pub1344_web.pdf
http://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/publications/PDF/TCS-39_web.pdf
B-Quanum: practical
• How to prepare for internal audit?• How to organize internal audit?• How to execute internal audit with B-Quanum
as referential?
Auditors• Auditor should:
– Create a favorable climate– Question without being aggressive– Leave no place for doubt or uncertainties– Use adequate and sufficient sampling– Keep his audit under control
Auditors• Auditor should:
– Be quick– Be patient– Be open minded– Show integrity– Listen well– Respect others
Auditors• Audit is a dialog (questions and answers) need to listen
– Stop to read or speak with other auditors– Show interest for the subject– Be patient– No argument, no criticism
Audited departmentAudited people (department) should:• Be aware of the audit• Be prepared• Be honnest • Provide evidence of the answers• Provide access to the facilities• Prepare the necessary meetings