Azizi Abu Bakar - Riversymposium

Development of Eco-‐Heart Indicator for water quality status and riverine community awareness

Azizi ABU BAKAR1, Nik Meriam NIK SULAIMAN1, Noor Zalina MAHMOOD1, Azizan BAHARUDDIN2

1University of Malaya, Malaysia 2InsBtute of Islamic Understanding Malaysia (IKIM), Malaysia

JSPS Asian Core Program Research and Education Center for the Risk Based Asian Oriented Integrated Watershed Management

River water quality in Malaysia •   More than 1000 manual & automaBc river water quality

monitoring staBons in 146 basins maintained by Department of Environment (DOE) alone.

•   The primary method to classify the river water quality: Water Quality Index (WQI) which in turn rooted on the Interim NaBonal Water Quality Standards (INWQS) -‐since 1985-‐

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Process for CalculaBn

g WQI


Collect water sample

Measurement of the 6 parameters

In-‐situ measurement/Laboratory analysis

Data used to calculate individual parameter

quality index or grouped to calculate WQI

Individual parameter score / Group score using

all the 6 parameters (Water Quality Index)

Determine the river quality status under INWQS for Malaysia

Classified into Class I, IIA, IIB, III, IV & V

q   WQI is a tool for evaluaBng the quality of river water.

q   Firstly, the water is tested for 6 chemical parameters: pH, BOD, COD, AN, TSS & DO.

q   Then, the water quality data is

compared with the INWQS to determine their status (class).

Water Quality Index

(WQI)

RIVER CLASSIFICATION (DOE Water Quality Index ClassificaBon)


DOE-‐WQI = (0.22 × SI DO) + (0.19 × SI BOD) + (0.16 × SI COD) + (0.15 × SI AN) + (0.16 × SI SS) + (0.12 × SI pH)

Source: Zaki, Z. (2010).

•   The INWQS defined 6 classes (river classificaBon / segments): •   Class I, IIA, IIB, III, IV and V

•   Class I being the “best” •   Class V being the “worst”


Interim NaBonal Water Quality Standards (INWQS) for Malaysia


Interim NaBonal Water Quality Standards (INWQS) for Malaysia Class DefiniPon I •   ConservaBon of natural environment.

•   Water supply I-‐ PracBcally no treatment necessary (except by disinfecBon or boiling only).

•   Fishery I-‐ Very sensiBve aquaBc species.

IIA •   Water supply II-‐ ConvenBonal treatment required. •   Fishery II-‐ SensiBve aquaBc species.

IIB •   RecreaBonal use with body contact. III •   Water supply III-‐ Extensive treatment required.

•   Fishery III-‐ common of economic value and tolerant species, livestock drinking.

IV •   IrrigaBon. V •   None of the above.


•   The DOE-‐WQI was introduced to classify river segments but difficult and complex to understand by layperson.

•   AlternaBve iniBaBve to streamline water quality index is by developing an indicator i.e. symbol from the surface source water quality parameters:

Eco-‐Heart Indicator (EHI).

Eco-‐Heart Indicator

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Six axes graph for development of Eco-‐Heart Indicator (EHI) based on the six DOE-‐WQI parameters.



monitoring kit

Methods

Figure 3. Test Kit: LaMotte Low Cost Water Monitoring

(3) Evaluate! (2) Connect (1) Mark

Coliform pH

Turbidity

Dissolved oxygen

Phosphorus

Nitrate

1 2

4

sampling

draw the eco-‐heart

analyse 3

monitoring kit

Methods



Coliform pH

Turbidity

Dissolved oxygen

Phosphorus

Nitrate

1 2

4

sampling


analyse 3

monitoring kit

Methods



Coliform pH

Turbidity

Dissolved oxygen

Phosphorus

Nitrate

1 2

4

sampling


analyse 3



!

Class DefiniPon EHI

I •   ConservaBon of natural environment.

•   Water supply I-‐ PracBcally no treatment necessary (except by disinfecBon or boiling only).

•   Fishery I-‐ Very sensiBve aquaBc species.



!

Class DefiniPon EHI

IIA •   Water supply II-‐ ConvenBonal treatment required.

•   Fishery II-‐ SensiBve aquaBc

species.

IIB •   RecreaBonal use with body contact.



!

Class DefiniPon EHI

III •   Water supply III-‐ Extensive treatment required.

•   Fishery III-‐ common of economic value and tolerant species, livestock drinking.



!

Class DefiniPon EHI

IV •   IrrigaBon.



!

Class DefiniPon EHI

V •   None of the above.

!

Flexibility of EHI


Fig. 1: Enriching the data of Selangor River water quality status by Fulazzaky et al. (2010) with Eco-‐Heart Indicator.

Healthy rivers at upstream

Polluted rivers at downstream


!

Thank you Terima kasih

References: 1.   Fulazzaky, M.A., Seong, T.W., Masirin, M.I.M., 2010.

Assessment of water quality status for the Selangor River in Malaysia. Water Air Soil Pollut. 205, 63-‐77.

2.   Zaki, Z., 2010. Benchmarking river water quality in Malaysia. Jurutera 12-‐15.

Photo taken at Selangor River Firefly Park, Kampung Kuantan

(Kuala Selangor, Malaysia)

Azizi Abu Bakar - Riversymposium

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