Ayush jha

Eukaryotic Cells

Cell PartsCells – the basic unit of life

Organelles - small structures inside a cell with specific functions.

Analogy – City of Rocklin

A) Cell Membrane/Plasma Membrane

Analogy – Rocklin city limits

1.Function: Regulates materials entering and exiting the cell.

2.Structure: Two layers of phospholipids, proteins

Cell membrane

B) Cytoplasm

1.Function: All cell contents that lie between the cell membrane and the nucleus. (organelles + cytosol) a. Cytosol = liquid portion/non-organelles.

2.Structure: made up of fluid and organelles except for nucleus

Analogy – All air, water, life that are in Rocklin, except City Hall

Cytoplasm

C) Nucleus

1.Function: “Control Center.” Regulates DNA & RNA actions.

2.Structure: membrane bound, contains DNA

Analogy – City Hall

Nucleus

D) Nuclear Envelope

Analogy – Walls & Doors of City Hall

1.Function: Regulates what enters or exits the nucleus.

2.Structure: Double Layer of Lipids

Nuclear Envelope

E) Nucleolus

Analogy – The Mayor

1.Function: Produces RNA, which are used to make all proteins.

2.Structure: Inside Nucleus, separate from DNA

Nucleolus

F) DNA – Deoxyribonucleic acid

Analogy – The Laws or City Code

1.Function: information on how to make proteins. a.Chromatin – unorganized DNA

(normal state)b.Chromosomes – organized DNA

(present before cell division2.Structure: Made up of

nucleotides, locked in the nucleus

DNA (chromatin)

G) Endoplasmic Reticulum

1.Function: Transportation route for proteins.a.Rough ER: has ribosomes b.Smooth ER: no ribosomes

2.Structure: tubes and channels

Rough ER

Smooth ER

H) Ribosomes

Analogy – Restaurants, Factories, Builders.

1.Function: Makes proteins.

2.Structure: small circular organelles

Ribosomes

Free Ribosomes

I) Vacuoles & Vesicles

Analogy – Grocery stores, water tanks.

1.Function: Storage for water, nutrients or waste.

2.Structure: small membrane-bound organelle.

Vesicles

J) Lysosomes

Analogy – Recycling center

1.Function: packets of enzymes that break down materials in a cell.

2.Structure: Small membrane-bound organelles

Lysosomes

K) Mitochondria

Analogy – PG&E

1.Function: Produce energy for the cell – site of cellular respiration. “The Powerhouse”

2.Structure: Double membrane-bound, kidney shaped.

Mitochondria

L) Golgi Apparatus

Analogy – Post Office

1.Function: Packages, labels and ships proteins out of the cell.

2.Structure: Pancake-shaped layered organelle

Golgi Apparatus

M) Cytoskeleton

Analogy – Wood, cement, steel beams

1.Function: Provide support and structure for the cell. a. Microfilaments b. Microtubules

2.Structure: Tubules

Microfilaments

Microtubules

N) Centrioles (Animals Only)

Analogy – Rocklin High School vs. Whitney High School

1.Function: microtubules that help divide the cell during cell division.

• Structure: Tubules

Centrioles

O) Cilia & Flagella

1.Function: provides movement for the cell or objects moving by the cell.

2.Structure:a. Flagella – 1 long fiber b. Cilia – many short fibers

FlagellaFlagella Cilia

P) Chloroplasts (Plants only)

1.Function: site of photosynthesis (converting sun and CO2 into sugar).

2.Structure: Membrane bound organelles that contain chlorophyll

Chloroplasts

Q) Cell Wall (Plant cells only)

1.Function: Provides support for the cell and the plant.

2.Structure: Made of cellulose

Cell Wall

Thank You