Ayu 20110320 id

January, 2009 | © Copyright 2005, Identify Limited1

Logistics SeminarMarch 24, 2011

RFID : ABSS Logistic Event

RFID Fundamental


What is RFID

RFID is Radio Frequency Identification

> Used for automatic identification or data collection (AIDC)

Similar to bar code in concepts

> RFID tag stores data ~ barcode label

> RFID reader ~ barcode scanner

Radio waves vs. Light waves

No Line-Of-Sight required

Read through various environment conditions

One-way or Two-way (RO or RW)


RFID basic components

Tags Host ComputerAntenna Reader

• Device made up of an electronic circuit and an integrated antenna

• RF used to transfer data between the tag and the antenna

• Portable memory

• Read-only or read/write

• Active or passive

• Usually attached to specific items

• Receives and transmits the radio frequency signals

• Wireless data transfer

• May be integrated in the reader for short range applications or structural for warehouse applications

• Communicates with the tag via antenna

• Receives commands from application software

• Interprets radio waves into digital information

• Provides power supply to passive tags

• Reads/writes data from/to the tags through the reader

• Stores and evaluates obtained data

• Links the transceiver to an applications, e.g. ERP


RFID Components

Transponder/ Tag

Antenna

RF Module

RS232/RS422/RS485

TCP/IP, WAN, Internet

Read ZoneControl

Module


RFID Tag / Transponder


RFID Allocation (Thailand)

Low< 135 KHz

HF, VHF UHFMW

125-134 KHz

• Read up to 18 in.• Great penetration• Slow data rate• Costlier antennas• No anti-collision

13.56 MHz

• Read up to 3 ft.• Good penetration• Most applicable WW• Simultaneous read

@50 tags• Most progress on

standard setting (ISO-15693)

433 MHz

• Active RFID

868, 902-928 MHz

• Read up to 10 ft.• Fast data rate• Simultaneous read

@50 tags• Emerging standards

2.45 GHz

• Read range 1-2 ft. (passive)

• Very fast data rate

No license

< 135 KHz

< 150mW EIRP

No license

13.55- 13.56MHz

< 10mW EIRP

No license

4335-434 MHz

< 10mW EIRP

No license

920-925 MHz

< 0.5 W EIRP

< 4W EIRP (need license)

No license

2.4-2.5 GHz

< 100mW

THAI

REG


Tag Power Source

Passive

> Power by energy from reader

> Backscatter technology

> Smaller, Lighter, less expensive

> Almost unlimited life

> Shorter range

> Requires higher power from reader

Active

> On-board battery power source

> On-board transmitter

> Greater range but higher cost

> Requires less power from reader

> Finite life


Tag Power Source

Semi-Active or Battery Assisted Passive

> On-board battery power source

> Uses Passive Technology (no transmitter)

> Greater range but higher cost (less than active)

> Requires less power from reader

> Finite life (but longer than active)

> Not create RF pollution


Read vs. Read/Write

Read Only

> Information can only be read from an RFID device – Programmed at

manufacture

User Programmable

> WORM – Write Once Read Many, Ability to initialize an RFID device

outside of the RFID manufacturer’s facility after manufacture

Read/Write

> Information can be read from or written to an RFID transponder during

the time it is presented to a reader/writer

> Typically asymmetric read and write operating range


Reader Types

Station Reader

> Functional Mode

Interactive mode

Autonomous mode

> Antenna Type

External (Single/Multi)

Internal

Handheld Reader

Embedded Reader


Factors Effecting System Performance

Distance (free space signal propagation)

> Reader/receiver: transmit power, frequency, and range.

> Antenna: transmit and receiving gain, pattern

> Linear polarization

> Circular polarization


Antenna Pattern



Distance (free space signal propagation)

> Reader/receiver: transmit power, frequency, and range.

> Antenna: transmit and receiving gain, pattern

> Linear polarization

> Circular polarization

Interference

> Other signal

> Reader to reader interference

> Adjacent channel

Material in or near the signal path and device


RF Properties

Radio Lucent or Radio Friendly

> lets radio waves at this frequency pass through it without any

substantial loss of energy

Radio Absorbent

> blocks, reflects, and scatters RF waves.

Radio Opaque

> A material can allow the radio waves to propagate through it

but with substantial loss of energy

> The RF-absorbent or RF-opaque property of a material is

relative, because it depends on the frequency


RF Properties of Example Materials

Material LF HF UHF Microwave

Clothing RF-lucent RF-lucent RF-lucent RF-lucent

Dry wood RF-lucent RF-lucent RF-lucent RF-absorbent

Graphite RF-lucent RF-lucent RF-opaque RF-opaque

Liquids* RF-lucent RF-lucent RF-absorbent RF-absorbent

Metals RF-lucent RF-lucent RF-opaque RF-opaque

Motor oil RF-lucent RF-lucent RF-lucent RF-lucent

Paper products RF-lucent RF-lucent RF-lucent RF-lucent

Plastics* RF-lucent RF-lucent RF-lucent RF-lucent

Shampoo RF-lucent RF-lucent RF-absorbent RF-absorbent

Water RF-lucent RF-lucent RF-absorbent RF-absorbent

Wet wood RF-lucent RF-lucent RF-absorbent RF-absorbent



RFID Tag

Passive or active power

Antenna design

Integrated circuit design

Reliable fabrication and deployment


Antenna design



RFID Tag

Passive or active power

Antenna design

Integrated circuit design

Reliable fabrication and deployment

Tag position


Tag position


Level of RFID Software

Device management

Data management

Extract information from data

Actionable information


RFID Application


RFID Fleet management

RFID Production Process


Technology comparison

GPS

GPS

-Cannot accurately

identify the right truck

on the weighbridge.

-GPS is not designed for

associating information

with objects.


Technology comparison

CCTV

CCTV

Weight

Program

CCTV can double

work for staff at

weight station.


Efficiency in identifying

With the limitation of existing technology, the increase in the

identifying vehicle identity can result in the lower of efficiency.

Efficiency Identifying

RFID is the

technology can

can increase both

efficiency and

Level of

identification.


RFID Weighbridge

../Video Solution/Fleet/WeightStation.avi


Benefits – Increase efficiency

Key in plate no.

Key in vehicle details

Key in shipment

Search plate no

Pre weight

Print picking

slip

Search plate no.

Post weight

Print DN Data entry record

Data entry shipment

Pre weightPrint

picking slipPost weight Print DN

Normal process

RFID process

Reduce from 10 steps to 5 steps

Repetition process


Benefits –reduce error

Data entry on plate number and weight can be automated.


Benefits: Reduction on paperwork

Manual documents 4,000

trips per months :

Shipping document

Courier invoice, and

Weight report

Increase accuracy : no

human intervention


RFID Fleet management

RFID Production Process


Lean Production

Lean manufacturing involves

identifying and eliminating non

value adding activities (waste)

and focuses on the start-to-end

value streams rather than the

idea of optimising individual

departments in isolation.

Type of wastes:

1. Overproduction: excessive lead and

storage times

2. Waiting: unproductive equipment

usage.

3. Transport : non-value adding for

product move

4. Inappropriate processing: system

too complex than necessary

resulting in the excessive transport

and poor quality

5. Unnecessary inventory

6. Unnecessary motion

7. Defects : waste of raw material and

production time.


Waste in production

Source: Toyota production system types of wastage reduction through RFID


Why RFID

Can reduce production waste

Key functions Bar code RFID

Be able to store product history, and process in

off line manner

Be able to write information to support

individual station validation

Sustain harsh environment such as wet, high

temperature, chemical resistance.

Validate individual station control

Reusable tag


Why RFID

Data memory feature

Key functions Business benefits

Product Material Monitor material variations.

Recipe (BOM) Ensure the right raw material is

used for production

Labor Improve labor utilization

Tools Determine impact of tool

variance, improve tool utilization.

Station Track material location and

enforce process validations

Process Optimize routing

All data -Quickly determine root cause of

product failure

-Greater product traceability


Why RFID

Harsh environment

RFID Reader in

Box

RFID Tag on

Pallet

Not many technologies can withstand this environment.


Why RFID

Tag validation

Automate data collection

> Reduce waste on unnecessary motion movement : bar code

scanning and manual data entry

> Reduce waste on unnecessary transport: move product for

scanning

Automate data association

> Help to ensure that the right product is on the manufacturing

process.

> As a result of reducing human data entry/error, RFID can reduce

waste on defects, overproduction, or unnecessary inventory,


Why RFID

Tag validation Production visibility in real time manner

> Average time spent on work in each step

> Average time spent on transportation on each step

> Total time a single item takes to complete the entire process.

> Know where the waste is, and which action takes to reduce the waste

> Reduce overproduction

> Unnecessary inventory


Conclusion

Type of wastes RFID Strength

Overproduction Increase production visibility

Waiting Increase production visibility

Transport in production Reduce movement on products for data

scanning

Inappropriate processing Reduce human data entry or bar code

scanning

Unnecessary inventory Increase production visibility

Unnecessary motion Reduce human data entry or bar code

scanning

Defects Increase production visibility

January, 2009 | © Copyright 2005, Identify Limited46

Thank you

And wish to have an opportunity to Serve you.

http://www.id.co.th

[email protected]

Identify Ltd.

Tel: 662-582-3714-5

mailto:[email protected]

Ayu 20110320 id

Technology

lucent rflucent plastics

rf pollution

active rfid

rfopaque property

scatters rf waves

rfid device

rfid transponder

abss logistic eventwhat