Axis powers vs. Allies Momentum, Advantage, and Determination 1939-1942.

Axis powers vs. Axis powers vs. AlliesAllies

Momentum, Advantage, and Determination

1939-1942

Who is siding with who?1. Axis Powers=

Germany, Japan, and Italy

Plan: To take over the world by uniting. Japan conquers Asia and then moves to the USA. Italy takes over Europe and Middle East, and Germany conquers all of mainland Europe, Britain, onto Africa, and then to South America and US.

Goal: Complete global domination

2. AlliesGreat Britain, France, Russia, and USA (As

well as Canada, Australia, and other countries)

Plan: To prevent the take over of the world by the Axis powers

Goal: To create a safe, democratic world!

Where is the fighting occurring?

European European TheatreTheatre

• All of Europe• Northern portion of

Africa

Pacific Pacific TheatreTheatre

*All of Asia

*Pacific Ocean Islands

*Northern portions of coastal Australia

Who is for each side? Well, we learned of the Axis,

how about the allies.• Winston

Churchill=Great Britain ( aka: Bull dog)

• President Franklin Delano Roosevelt=USA

• Joseph Stalin= Soviet Union (aka: Man of Steel)

Timeline of World War Two1931-1942

What was going on in each of these areas prior to WWII up to 1942?

What allowed these nations to gain such power, domination, and supremacy?

Why could nothing be done?

EUROPEAN THEATRE:What Hitler was doing!

“Phony War” 1939-1940

• After Hitler invaded Poland and WWII was well on its way, Hitler decided to wait to attack any more of Europe and waited until after winter to begin his campaign for the domination of Europe through the countries of France and Great Britian.

How does Hitler manage to gain so much territory in such little

time?BlitzkriegBlitzkrieg – “lightening war”: swift, overwhelming, massive air and land assault• 3 steps: Air bombing and paratroopers,

Infantry and smokescreen, Tanks

• Proof of well-organized German forces

• Enemy does not have time to react or defend. Becomes chaotic.

Blitzkrieg Video Clip

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9eVEoqg7F1I&feature=related

First things first, Hitler needs a naval base in order to have a

successful attack on Great Britain

A. Battle of Dunkirk Location

Battle of Dunkirk(April 1940)• Germany takes Norway and Denmark

(plan to build bases to use vs. Great Britain)

• French and British troops caught off-guard

• Trapped on the beaches

• German forces seemed to be powerful

• Demonstrated the German’s aggressiveness, desire, and motivation

• Rescue from Britain; military and civilian ships evacuate 338,000

B. Germany takes over France• After taking over Holland, Belgium, Denmark,

Germany turned to France• Hitler has a plan: Take over Europe piece by

piece (“Little Countries, France, Britain and then move onto Russia, etc)

• BLITZKREIG= LIGTHING WAR/MOVE FAST

• June 14, 1940 Paris falls• French government-in-exile set up by

Charles de Gaulle; calls on people to resist Germans, military continues to battle Germans, but looses

• Nazi’s occupy France

Nazi’s in Paris, France (June 1940)

C. Battle of Britain(August-Sept. 1940)• Now that Hitler has France, onto Britain

•Germany plans first to knock out the British Royal Air Force, then attack by land•Luftwaffe – Germany’s Air Force began bombing Britain; summer 1940 “Battle of Britain” – May 10, 1941

•Daily bomb explosions in city streets•Radar assists British air force•British could decode German messages (enigma)•Bombing moved to night time

• Great Britain left alone; Winston Churchill – his nation will never give in…

“We shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight on the landing grounds, we shall fight in the fields and in the streets…we shall never surrender.”

Effect of Battle of Britain:

• British resistance turns Hitler’s focus to Eastern Europe and the Mediterranean (proves he can be stopped for Allies/ for Hitler)

• ONTO RUSSIA!!!!

Symbol of the Luftwaffe

Battle of Britain Clip

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wx5VTJhmq5I&feature=related

D. North Africa

• Mussolini takes over Ethiopia and Northern Africa

• Nazi’s help out and send General Rommel to aid in the take over

• Captured many important cities near the Mediterranean Sea (Egypt, Morocco, Algeria, etc)

• Very positive and gave Axis powers momentum

• Italy (Mussolini) joins forces with Hitler and declares war on Great Britain and France; attacks France from the South (June 10)

• Italian and German forces led by Rommel (German “Desert Fox”) take North Africa

• Page 601

E. Hitler move on to Soviet Union!• Goes against the NON-AGRESSION PACT• Operation BarbarossaOperation Barbarossa• Hope to demolish Russia in order to also get Britain

out of the war• Wanted to attack in Spring of 1941; delays• Mussolini not capable of handling things on own• By June, Hitler still wanted to attack Soviet Union• Front line= 1800 miles covered by German Forces• Captured 2 million Russian Soldiers• Early Winter came about=stopped everything

Battle of Stalingrad

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qd_Wt4N1Sss

Hitler destroyed everything, so did the Russians!

Hitler fails!• Did not do his homework: History repeats

itself (Napoleon)

• Russians determined not to be invaded and will fight at all costs

• Harsh weather deterred German troops, not prepared for such climate

• German troops die in the millions and those who survive begin to question

PACIFIC THEATREWHAT JAPAN IS

ACCOMPLISHING

Pearl Harbor• Dec. 7th, 1941• “Date that will live in infamy!” –FDR• Planned attack-well prepared• US caught off guard-had complete Navy

fleet in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii (Expect for aircraft carriers)

• Lasted 1 hour (8am-9 am)• 2,400 US dead• Japan little casualties • US Enters the War: have to fight 2 sides

Japan- all the momentum• Same day as Pearl Harbor, attacked many

other Islands in the Pacific

• Island Hopping

• Guam, Solomon Islands, Philippines, Dutch East Indies

• Complete domination of Southeast Asia

• Wanted US to see its power and attack on PH was to destroy the US moral and naval power

Questions to respond to:• Who had all the advantage and

momentum in the beginning of the war?

• Why did they have such advantages and momentum?

• If you were an allied solider, how would you feel?

Due tomorrow:• Journal entries 1 and 2

• Character Sketch

Things to remember:Things to remember:

• 1. Journal project is not a REPORT!

• 2. Include facts/details, but describe them and include them, DON’T LIST!!!!

• 3. Personality and Creativity

• 4. Proper layout of Entries (Date, headings, closing, opening, etc)