AWMA Southern Section 2011 Annual Meeting & Technical Conference Pine Mountain, GA August 5, 2011 Beverly Banister, Director Air, Pesticides, and Toxics.

AWMA Southern Section 2011 Annual Meeting & Technical Conference Pine Mountain, GA August 5, 2011 Beverly Banister, Director Air, Pesticides, and Toxics Management Division U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Atlanta, GA

Todays Topics Update on the NAAQS Update on National Rulemakings for Emissions Reductions from Stationary Sources Clean Air Act Enforcement Update on Efforts to Reduce Emissions from Mobile Sources Greenhouse Gases and Climate change Cross Media Priorities

Update on the NAAQS

Current Schedule for Ongoing NAAQS Reviews MILESTONE POLLUTANT NO 2 PrimarySO 2 Primary Ozone Reconsideration COPM NO 2 /SO 2 Secondary Lead Proposed Rule Jun 26, 2009Nov 16, 2009Jan 6, 2010Jan 28, 2011TBDJuly 12, 2011Jan 2014 Final RuleJan 22, 2010Jun 2, 2010TBDAug 12, 2011TBDMar 20, 2012Nov 2014 NOTES: Underlined dates indicate court-ordered or settlement agreement deadlines; TBD to be determined Next Ozone Review: Proposal in Sept 2013 and Final in Jun 2014 For more information see: http://epa.gov/ttn/naaqs/http://epa.gov/ttn/naaqs/

Pollutant Date of Proposed or Final Rule Date Monitors must Operate by: O3O3 Proposed monitoring rule published July 16, 2009 Final rule expected in Summer 2011 Monitoring season changes would take effect on first day of revised monitoring season Revisions to the network would be staggered over 2013-2014 or later Pb Final rule signed December 14, 2010 December 27, 2011 NO 2 Final rule signed January 25, 2010 January 1, 2013 CO Proposed rule published February 11, 2011 January 1, 2013 SO 2 Final rule signed June 22, 2010 January 1, 2013 Air Monitoring Rule Dates

Update on National Rulemakings for Emissions Reductions from Stationary Sources

Cross-State Air Pollution Rule (CSAPR) On July 6, 2011, EPA finalized CSAPR Requires 27 states to significantly improve air quality by reducing power plant emissions that contribute to ozone and/or fine particle pollution in other states Replaces EPA's 2005 Clean Air Interstate Rule (CAIR)

Air Quality in Any One Place Is Affected by Sources in Many States Air pollution can travel hundreds of miles and cause multiple health and environmental problems on regional or national scales This rule reduces air emissions contributing to PM 2.5 and ozone nonattainment that often travel across state lines: SO 2 and NO X contribute to PM 2.5 transport NO X contributes to ozone transport Many areas are still violating the 1997 ozone and the 1997 and 2006 PM 2.5 health-based air quality standards Attaining national ambient air quality standards will require some combination of emission reductions from: Sources located in or near nonattainment areas (local pollution) and Sources located further from the nonattainment area (transported pollution) 9

Cross-State Air Pollution Rule States *This map includes states covered in the supplemental notice of proposed rulemaking Cross-State Air Pollution Rule includes separate requirements for: Annual SO 2 reductions Annual NO x reductions Ozone-season NO x reductions Cross-State Air Pollution Rule includes separate requirements for: Annual SO 2 reductions Annual NO x reductions Ozone-season NO x reductions 10

Upwind-Downwind Linkages in CSAPR States 11

Estimated Annual Number of Adverse Health Effects Avoided Due to Implementing the CSAPR* Health EffectNumber of Cases Avoided Premature mortality13,000 to 34,000 Non-fatal heart attacks15,000 Hospital and emergency department visits19,000 Acute bronchitis19,000 Upper and lower respiratory symptoms420,000 Aggravated asthma400,000 Days when people miss work or school1,800,000 * Impacts avoided due to improvements in PM2.5 and ozone air quality in 2014

Power Plant Mercury and Air Toxics Standard Proposed in Federal Register May 3, 2011 First national standards to reduce emissions of toxic air pollutants from new and existing coal- and oil-fired power plants often the biggest contributors to air pollution Under court order to promulgate final standards by November 2011 Standards would reduce emissions of: Metals, including mercury (Hg), arsenic, chromium, and nickel Acid gases, including hydrogen chloride (HCl) and hydrogen fluoride (HF) Particulate matter These pollutants are linked to cancer, IQ loss, heart disease, lung disease and premature death Standards create uniform emissions-control requirements based on proven, currently in-use technologies and processes Compliance timeline set by Clean Air Act: up to 4 years (3 years plus an additional year if granted by the permitting authority) EPA is also proposing a new source performance standard (NSPS) for particulate, sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ), and nitrogen oxide (NO X ) emissions from new sources http://www.epa.gov/airquality/powerplanttoxics/actions.html

OIL AND NATURAL GAS INDUSTRY PROPOSAL July 28, 2011 - EPA proposed suite of cost-effective regulations to reduce harmful air pollution from the oil and natural gas industry Based on proven technology and best practices that the oil and gas industry is using in some states today Includes the first federal air standards for wells that are hydraulically fractured, along with requirements for several other sources of pollution in the oil and gas industry that currently are not regulated at the federal level. Includes requirements for storage tanks and other types of equipment Relies on operators' ability to capture and sell natural gas that currently escapes into the air Includes four air regulations NSPS for VOCs NSPS for sulfur dioxide RTR* for oil and natural gas production RTR* for natural gas transmission and storage *Air Toxics Risk and Technology Review (RTR) of existing air toxics standards

Benefits of this Rule are Significant Cuts emissions of smog-forming volatile organic compounds (VOCs), air toxics such as benzene, and sulfur dioxide VOCs: 540,000 tons, an industry-wide reduction of 25% Methane: 3.4M tons (65M metric tons CO 2 e), a reduction of about 26% Air Toxics: 38,000 tons, a reduction of nearly 30% Estimated revenues from selling captured gas are significant proposed rule is anticipated to quickly result in a net savings of nearly $30 million annually, while significantly reducing pollution from this expanding industry www.epa.gov/airquality/oilandgas

Clean Air Act Enforcement

CAA Enforcement Air Toxics Leak Detection and Repair, Industrial Flares, and Excess Emissions NSR/PSD Priorities Glass Manufacturing, Cement Manufacturing, Acid Manufacturing, and Coal-Fired Utilities Port of Huntington Initiative Chesapeake Bay Initiative

Update on Efforts to Reduce Emissions from Mobile Sources

Southeast Diesel Collaborative Over 900 partners By the Numbers: 450 Projects 53,000 engines >513K tons of emissions reduced ~14K buses, >3,000,000 children impacted Funding EPA Grants: ~ $65M Partner Investment (leveraged): ~ $657M FY 2011 SEDC Grant Competition Awards pending approval of EPA FY 2011 budget (expect 2-3 project awards funded at $750K to $2M) www.southeastdiesel.org

Mobile Emissions Modeling and Training A new version of the MOtor Vehicle Emission Simulator (MOVES) (versions 2010a) is available Incorporates new car and light truck energy and greenhouse gas rates and a number of other improvements Is used to calculate transportation project mobile source emissions Emissions are used in air quality modeling for transportation conformity analyses

Mobile Emissions Modeling and Training Training for MOVES 2010a is available For information on the 2-day MOVES2010a course, see: A 3-Day PM Quantitative Hot-Spot Modeling Course (using MOVES 2010a) will be held in Atlanta on September 13 15, 2011 Course is designed for modelers To register contact Rick Smith: [email protected] http://www.epa.gov/otaq/models/moves/trainingsessions.htm

New Fuel Economy Standards http://www.epa.gov/otaq/climate/regulations.htm#1-1

Greenhouse Gases and Climate Change

Some key facts about Region 4. Home to 20% of the population (with a large EJ component) We generated about 23% of electricity in U.S. (burning coal is a primary fuel source) in 2008 Responsible for about 25% of U.S. CO 2 emissions (from power production) in 2008 We use more fuel and drive more miles than any other Region Energy Information Administration Federal Highways Administration U.S. Census Bureau

Energy and Climate Change at EPA Region 4 Our Priority Work Areas for FY11 Reduce Energy Use: Actions to Promote Energy Efficiency and Conservation (e.g., Energy Star) Mitigation: Actions to Reduce Greenhouse Gases (Mandatory rules, Voluntary programs) Adaptation: Actions to Understand and Respond to Unavoidable Changes Education: Actions to Inform Internal and External Stakeholders

Interagency Climate Change Adaptation Task Force Executive Order of October 5, 2009, called on the Task Force to recommend how the policies and practices of Federal agencies can be made compatible with and reinforce a national climate change adaptation strategy Task Force began meeting in Spring 2009 Co-chaired by the White House CEQ, NOAA, and the OSTP Task Force is composed of more than 20 Federal agencies and Executive branch offices Report completed October 5, 2010 Federal Agencies currently preparing Agency- specific adaptation plans http://www.whitehouse.gov/administration/eop/ceq/initiatives/adaptation

Policy Goals & Recommended Actions for the Federal Government Encourage and Mainstream Adaptation Planning across the Federal Government Improve Integration of Science into Decision Making Address Key Cross-Cutting Issues Improve water resource management in a changing climate Protect human health by addressing climate change in public health activities Build resilience to climate change in communities Facilitate the incorporation of climate change risks into insurance mechanisms Address additional cross cutting issues Enhance Efforts to Lead and Support International Adaptation Coordinate Capabilities of the Federal Government to Support Adaptation

Cross Media Priorities

29 Childrens Environmental Health (CEH) Jacksonville Showcase Community Provide outreach/training in the community on lead, asbestos, asthma, and integrated pest management Appalachia Identify and work with schools and communities to address asthma and air toxics, asbestos, lead, and pesticide exposures Coretta Scott King Young Womens Leadership Academy Further the working relationship with the school, explore mentoring opportunities, and opportunities for outreach and education in the community served by the school Jacksonville Showcase Community Provide outreach/training in the community on lead, asbestos, asthma, and integrated pest management Appalachia Identify and work with schools and communities to address asthma and air toxics, asbestos, lead, and pesticide exposures Coretta Scott King Young Womens Leadership Academy Further the working relationship with the school, explore mentoring opportunities, and opportunities for outreach and education in the community served by the school Our Priority Work Areas for FY11 Multiple CEH Concerns in US and Region 4 Outdoor Air Pollution (e.g., Ozone, Particles) Climate Change Lead, Mercury, Other Toxics Pesticides UV Radiation Drinking Water Contaminants Indoor Air Pollution (e.g., Radon, ETS)

Community Engagement & Environmental Justice Cleaning Up Our Communities Using all the tools at our disposal to focus on making safer, healthier communities Maximize the potential of our brownfields program, particularly to spur environmental cleanup and job creation in disadvantaged communities Develop enhanced strategies for risk reduction in our Superfund program, with stronger partnerships with stakeholders affected by our cleanups Etc. Expanding the Conversation on Environmentalism and Working for Environmental Justice A new era of outreach and protection for communities historically underrepresented in EPA decision-making Build strong working relationships with tribes, communities of color, economically distressed cities and towns, young people and others Include environmental justice principles in all of our decisions

North Birmingham, Alabama, Pilot Air Toxics Monitoring Study Air toxics concentrations in North Birmingham communities will be evaluated and compared to health risk numbers Air monitoring will occur for one year (began in June 2011) Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) Metals 24-h composite samples collected every 6 days; Met data also collected Community AssessedMonitor Location FairmontRiggins School North BirminghamLewis Elementary CollegevilleHudson K-8 School Harriman ParkShuttlesworth Monitoring Station

Questions? www.epa.gov/ttn www.southeastdiesel.org www.epa.gov/cleanenergy www.epa.gov/climatechange www.epa.gov/crossstaterule/ www.epa.gov/airquality/oilandgas www.epa.gov/airquality/powerplanttoxics/ www.whitehouse.gov/administration/eop/ceq/initiatives/adaptation Beverly Banister U.S. EPA; Atlanta, GA 404-562-9077 Beverly Banister U.S. EPA; Atlanta, GA 404-562-9077

AWMA Southern Section 2011 Annual Meeting & Technical Conference Pine Mountain, GA August 5, 2011 Beverly Banister, Director Air, Pesticides, and Toxics.

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