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TREATIES AND OTHER INTERNATIONAL ACTS SERIES 13165
AVIATION
Transport Services
Agreement Between the
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
and MOROCCO
Signed at Rabat October 10, 2001
with
Annexes
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NOTE BY THE DEPARTMENT OF STATE
Pursuant to Public Law 89—497, approved July 8, 1966 (80 Stat.
271; 1 U.S.C. 113)—
“. . .the Treaties and Other International Acts Series issued
under the authority of the Secretary of State shall be competent
evidence . . . of the treaties, international agreements other than
treaties, and proclamations by the President of such treaties and
international agreements other than treaties, as the case may be,
therein contained, in all the courts of law and equity and of
maritime jurisdiction, and in all the tribunals and public offices
of the United States, and of the several States, without any
further proof or authentication thereof.”
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MOROCCO
Aviation: Transport Services
Agreement signed at Rabat October 10, 2001;
Entered into force August 19, 2002.
With annexes.
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AIR TRANSPORT AGREEMENT
BETWEEN
THE GOVERNMENT OF
THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
AND
THE GOVERNMENT OF
THE KINGDOM OF MOROCCO
The Government of the United States of America and the
Government of the Kingdom of Morocco (hereinafter, "the
Parties");
Desiring to promote an international aviation system based on
competition among airlines in the marketplace with minimum
appropriate regulation;
Desiring to facilitate the expansion of international air
transport opportunities;
Desiring to make it possible fo~ airlines to offer the traveling
and shipping public a variety of service options at the lowest
prices that are not discriminatory and do not represent abuse of a
dominant position, and wishing to encourage individual airlines to
develop and implement innovative and competitive prices;
Desiring to ensure the highest degree of safety and security in
international air transport and reaffirming their grave concern
about acts or threats against the security of aircraft, which
jeopardize the safety ofpersons or property, adversely affect the
operation of air transportation, and undermine public confidence in
the safety of civil aviation; and
Being Parties to the Convention on International Civil Aviation,
opened for signature at Chicago on December 7, 1944;
'1;-- "follow• 2-j
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Article 1
Definitions
For the purposes of this Agreement, unless otherwise stated, the
term:
1. "Aeronautical authorities" means, in the case of the United
States, the Department ofTransportation, or its successor, and in
the case ofMorocco, the Ministry ofTransport and Merchant Marine
(Directorate General of Civil Aviation), or its successor;
2. "Agreement" means this Agreement, its Annexes, and any
amendments thereto;
3. "Air transportation" means the public carriage by aircraft
ofpassengers, baggage, cargo, and mail, separately or in
combination, for remuneration or hire;
4. "Convention" means the Convention on International Civil
Aviation, opened for signature at Chicago on December 7, 1944, and
includes:
a. any amendment that has entered into force under Article 94(a)
of the Convention and has been ratified by both Parties, and
b. any Annex or any amendment thereto adopted under Article 90
of the Convention, insofar as such Annex or amendment is at any
given time effective for both Parties;
5. "Designated airline" means an airline designated and
authorized in accordance with Article 3 of this Agreement;
6. "Full cost" means the cost ofproviding service plus a
reasonable charge for administrative overhead;
7. "International air transportation" means air transportation
that passes through the airspace over the territory ofmore than one
State;
8. "Price" means any fare, rate or charge for the carriage
ofpassengers (and their baggage) and/or cargo (excluding mail) in
air transportation charged by airlines, including their agents, and
the conditions governing the availability of such fare, rate or
charge;
9. "Stop for non-traffic purposes" means a landing for any
purpose other than talcing on or discharging passengers, baggage,
cargo and/or mail in air transportation;
10. "Territory" means the land areas under the sovereignty,
jurisdiction, protection, or trusteeship of a Party, and the
territorial waters adjacent thereto; and
11. "User charge" means a charge imposed on airlines for the
provision of airport, air navigation, or aviation security
facilities or services including related services and
facilities.
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Article 2
Grant of Rights
1. Each Party grants to the other Party the following rights for
the conduct of international air transportation by the airlines of
the other Party:
a. the right to fly across its territory without landing;
b. the right to make stops in its territory for non-traffic
purposes; and
c. the rights otherwise specified in this Agreement.
2. Nothing in this Article shall be deemed to confer on the
airline or airlines of one Party the rights to take on board, in
the territory of the other Party, passengers, their baggage, cargo,
or mail carried for compensation and destined for another point in
the territory of that other Party.
Article 3
Designation and Authorization
1. Each Party shall have the right to designate as many airlines
as it wishes to conduct international air transportation in
accordance with this Agreement and to withdraw or alter such
designations. Such designations shall be transmitted to the other
Party in writing through diplomatic channels, and shall identify
whether the airline is authorized to conduct the type of air
transportation specified in Annex I or in Annex II or both.
2. On receipt of such a designation, and of applications from
the designated airline, in the form and manner prescribed for
operating authorizations and technical permissions, the other Party
shall grant appropriate authorizations and permissions with minimum
procedural delay, provided:
a. substantial ownership and effective control of that airline
are vested in the Party designating the airline, nationals of that
Party, or both;
b. the designated airline is qualified to meet the conditions
prescribed under the Jaws and regulations normally applied to the
operation of international air transportation by the Party
considering the application or applications; and
c. the Party designating the airline is maintaining and
administering the standards set forth in Article 6 (Safety) and
Article 7 (Aviation Security).
Article 4
Revocation of Authorization
1. Either Party may revoke, suspend or limit the operating
authorizations or technical permissions of an airline designated by
the other Party where:
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a. substantial ownership and effective control of that airline
are not vested in the other Party, the Party's nationals, or
both;
b. that airline has failed to comply with the laws and
regulations referred to in Article 5 (Application of Laws) of this
Agreement; or
c. the other Party is not maintaining and administering the
standards as set forth in Article 6 (Safety).
2. Unless immediate action is essential to prevent further
noncompliance with subparagraphs 1b or le of this Article,
the-rights established by this Article shall be exercised only
after consultation with the other Party. These consultations will
begin within 60 days of the request by a Party unless the Parties
agree otherwise.
3. This Article does not limit the rights of either Party to
withhold, revoke, limit or impose conditions on the operating
authorization or technical permission ofan airline or airlines of
the other Party in accordance with the provisions of Article 7
(Aviation Security).
Article S
Application of Laws
l. While entering, within, or leaving the territory of one
Party, its laws and regulations relating to the operation and
navigation of aircraft shall be complied with by the other Party's
airlines.
2. While entering, within, or leaving the territory of one
Party, its laws and regulations relating to the admission to or
departure from its territory of passengers, crew or cargo on
aircraft (including regulations relating to entry, clearance,
aviation security, immigration, passports, customs and quarantine
or, in the case of mail, postal regulations) shall be complied with
by, or on behalfof, such passengers, crew or cargo of the other
Party's airlines.
Article 6
Aviation Safety
1. Each Party shall recognize as valid, for the purpose of
operating the air transportation provided for in this Agreement,
certificates of airworthiness, certificates of competency, and
licenses issued or validated by the other Party and still in force,
provided that the requirements for such certificates or licenses at
least equal the minimum standards that may be established pursuant
to the Convention. Each Party may, however, refuse to recognize as
valid for the purpose of flight above its own territory,
certificates of competency and licenses granted to or validated for
its own nationals by the other Party.
2. Either Party may request consultations concerning the safety
standards maintained by the other Party relating to aeronautical
facilities, aircrews, aircraft, and operation of the designated
airlines. If, following such consultations, one Party finds that
the other Party does not effectively maintain and administer safety
standards and requirements in these areas that at least equal the
minimum standards that may be established pursuant to the
Convention, the other Party shall be notified of such findings and
the steps considered
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necessary to confonn with these minimum standards, and the other
Party shall take appropriate corrective action. Each Party reserves
the right to withhold, revoke, or limit the operating authorization
or technical pennission of an airline or airlines designated by the
other Party in the event the other Party does not take such
appropriate corrective action within a reasonable time.
Article 7
Aviation Security
1. In accordance with their rights and obligations under
international law, the Parties reaffirm that their obligation to
each other to protect the security ofcivil aviation against acts
ofunlawful interference fonns an integral part of this Agreement.
Without limiting the generality of their rights and obligations
under international law, the Parties shall in particular act in
conformity with the provisions of the Convention on Offenses and
Certain Other Acts Committed on Board Aircraft, signed at Tokyo on
September 14, 1963, the Convention for the Suppression ofUnlawful
Seizure of Aircraft, signed at The Hague on December 16, 1970, the
Convention for the Suppression ofUnlawful Acts against the Safety
ofCivil Aviation, signed at Montreal on September 23, 1971, and the
Protocol for the Suppression ofUnlawful Acts of Violence at
Airports Serving International Civil Aviation, done at Montreal on
February 24, 1988.
2. The Parties shall provide upon request all necessary
assistance to each other to prevent acts of unlawful seizure of
civil aircraft and other unlawful acts against the safety of such
aircraft, of their passengers and crew, and of airports and air
navigation facilities, and to address any other threat to the
security of civil air navigation.
3. The Parties shall, in their mutual relations, act in
confonnity with the aviation security standards and appropriate
recommended practices established by the International Civil
Aviation Organization and designated as Annexes to the Convention;
they shall require that operators of aircraft of their registry,
operators of aircraft who have their principal place ofbusiness or
pennanent residence in their territory, and the operators of
airports in their territory act in confonnity with such aviation
security provisions.
4. Each Party agrees to observe the security provisions required
by the other Party for entry into, for departure from, and while
within the territory of that other Party and to take adequate
measures to protect aircraft and to inspect passengers, crew, and
their baggage and carry-on items, as well as cargo and aircraft
stores, prior to and during boarding or loading. Each Party shall
also give positive consideration to any request from the other
Party for special security measures to meet a particular
threat.
5. When an incident or threat of an incident of unlawful seizure
of aircraft or other unlawful acts against the safety of
passengers, crew, aircraft, airports or air navigation facilities
occurs, the Parties shall assist each other by facilitating
communications and other appropriate measures intended to terminate
rapidly and safely such incident or threat.
6. When a Party has reasonable grounds to believe that the other
Party has departed from the aviation security provisions of this
Article, the aeronautical authorities of that Party may request
immediate consultations with the aeronautical authorities of the
other Party. Failure to reach a satisfactory agreement within 30
days from the date of such request shall constitute grounds to
withhold, revoke, limit, or impose conditions on the
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operating authorization and technical permissions of an airline
or airlines of that Party. When required by an emergency, a Party
may take interim action prior to the expiry of 30 days.
Article 8
Commercial Opportunities
1. The airlines of each Party shall have the right to establish
offices in the territory of the other Party for the promotion and
sale of air transportation.
2. The designated airlines of each Party shall be entitled, in
accordance with the laws and regulations of the other Party
relating to entry, residence, and employment, to bring in and
maintain in the territory of the other Party managerial, sales,
technical, operational, and other specialist staff required for the
provision of air transportation.
3. Each designated airline shall have the right to perform its
own ground-handling in the territory of the other Party
("self-handling") or, at its option, select among competing agents
for such services in whole or in part. The rights shall be subject
only to physical constraints resulting from considerations of
airport safety. Where such considerations pl'.eclude self-handling,
ground services shall be available on an equal basis to all
airlines; charges shall be based on the costs of services provided;
and such services shall be comparable to the kind and quality of
services as if self-handling were possible.
4. Any airline of each Party may engage in the sale of air
transportation in the territory of the other Party directly and, at
the airline's discretion, through its agents, except as may be
specifically provided by the charter regulations of the country in
which the charter originates that relate to the protection
ofpassenger funds, and passenger cancellation and refund rights.
Each airline shall have the right to sell such transportation, and
any person shall be free to purchase such transportation, in the
currency of that territory or in freely convertible currencies.
5. Each airline shall have the right to convert and remit to its
country, on demand, local revenues in excess of sums locally
disbursed. Conversion and remittance shall be permitted promptly
without restrictions or taxation in respect thereof at the rate of
exchange applicable to current transactions and remittance on the
date the carrier makes the initial application for remittance.
6. The airlines of each Party shall be permitted to pay for
local expenses, including purchases of fuel, in the territory of
the other Party in local currency. At their discretion, the
airlines of each Party may pay for such expenses in the territory
of the other Party in freely convertible currencies according to
local currency regulation.
7. In operating or holding out the authorized services on the
agreed routes, any designated airline of one Party may e:Jter into
cooperative marketing arrangements such as blocked-space,
code-sharing or leasing arrangements, with
(a) an airline or airlines of either Party;
(b) an airline or airlines of a third country, provided that
such third country authorizes or allows comparable arrangements
between the airlines of the other Party and other airlines on
services to, from and via such third country; and
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(c) a surface transportation provider of any country;
provided that all participants in such arrangements (i) hold the
appropriate authority and (ii) meet the requirements normally
applied to such arrangements.
8. Notwithstanding any other provision ofthis Agreement,
airlines and indirect providers of cargo transportation ofboth
Parties shall be permitted, without restriction, to employ in
connection with international air transportation any surface
transportation for cargo to or from any points in the territories
of the Parties or in third countries, including transport to and
from all airports with customs facilities, and including, where
applicable, the right to transport cargo in bond under applicable
laws and regulations. Such cargo, whether moving by surface or by
air, shall have access to airport customs processing and
facilities. Airlines may elect to perform their own surface
transportation or to provide it through arrangements with other
surface carriers, including surface transportation operated by
other airlines and indirect providers of cargo air transportation.
Such intermodal cargo services may be offered at a single, through
price for the air and surface transportation combined, provided
that shippers are not misled as to the facts concerning such
transportation.
Article 9
Customs Duties and Charges
1. On arriving in the territory of one Party, aircraft operated
in international air transportation by the designated airlines of
the other Party, their regular equipment, ground equipment, fuel,
lubricants, consumable technical supplies, spare parts (including
engines), aircraft stores (including but not limited to such items
of food, beverages and liquor, tobacco and other products destined
for sale to or use by passengers in limited quantities during
flight), and other items intended for or used solely in connection
with the operation or servicing of aircraft engaged in
international air transportation shall be exempt, on the basis of
reciprocity, from all import restrictions, property taxes and
capital levies, customs duties, excise taxes, and similar fees and
charges that are (i) imposed by the national authorities, and (ii)
not based on the cost of services provided, provided that such
equipment and supplies remain on board the aircraft.
2. There shall also be exempt, on the basis ofreciprocity, from
the taxes, levies, duties, fees and charges referred to in
paragraph 1 of this Article, with the exception of charges based on
the cost of the service provided:
a. aircraft stores introduced into or supplied in the territory
of a Party and taken on board, within reasonable limits, for use on
outbound aircraft of an airline of the other Party engaged in
international air transportation, even when these stores are to be
used on a part of the journey performed over the territory of the
Party in which they are taken on board;
b. ground equipment and spare parts (including engines)
introduced into the territory of a Party for the servicing,
maintenance, or repair of aircraft of an airline of the other Party
used in international air transportation;
c. fuel, lubricants and consumable technical supplies introduced
into or supplied in the territory of a Party for use in an aircraft
of an airline of the other Party engaged in international air
transportation, even when these supplies are to be used on a part
of the journey performed over e territory of the Party in which
they are taken on board; and
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d. promotional and advertising materials introduced into or
supplied in the territory of one Party and taken on board, within
reasonable limits, for use on outbound aircraft of an airline of
the other Party engaged in international air transportation, even
when these stores are to be used on a part of the journey performed
over the territory of the Party in which they are taken on
board.
3. Equipment and supplies referred to in paragraphs 1 and 2 of
this Article may be required to be kept under the supervision or
control of the appropriate authorities.
4. The exemptions provided by this Article shall also be
available where the designated airlines of one Party have
contracted with another airline, which similarly enjoys such
exemptions from the other Party, for the loan or transfer in the
territory of the other Party of the items specified in paragraphs 1
and 2 of this Article.
Article 10
User Charges
1. User charges that may be imposed by the competent charging
authorities or bodies of each Party on the airlines of the other
Party shall be just, reasonable, not unjustly discriminatory, and
equitably apportioned among categories of users. In any event, any
such user charges shall be assessed on the airlines of the other
Party on terms not less favorable than the most favorable terms
available to any other airline at the time the charges are
assessed.
2. User charges imposed on the airlines of the other Party may
reflect, but shall not exceed, the full cost to the competent
charging authorities or bodies ofproviding the appropriate airport,
airport environmental, air navigation, and aviation security
facilities and services at the airport or within the airport
system. Such charges may include a reasonable return on assets,
after depreciation. Facilities and services for which charges are
made shall be provided on an efficient and economic basis.
3. Each Party shall encourage consultations between the
competent charging authorities or bodies in its territory and the
airlines using the services and facilities, and shall encourage the
competent charging authorities or bodies and the airlines to
exchange such information as may be necessary to permit an accurate
review of the reasonableness of the charges in accordance with the
principles ofparagraphs (1) and (2) of this Article. Each Party
shall encourage the competent charging authorities to provide users
with reasonable notice of any proposal for changes in user charges
to enable users to express their views before changes are made.
4. Neither Party shall be held, in dispute resolution procedures
pursuant to Article 14, to be in breach of a provision of this
Article, unless (i) it fails to undertake a review of the charge or
practice that is the subject of complaint by the other Party within
a reasonable amount of time; or (ii) following such a review it
fails to take all steps within its power to remedy any charge or
practice that is inconsistent with this Article.
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Article 11
Fair Competition
1. Each Party shall allow a fair and equal opportunity for the
designated airlines of both Parties to compete in providing the
international air transportation governed by this Agreement.
2. Each Party shall allow each designated airline to determine
the frequency and capacity ofthe international air transportation
it offers based upon commercial considerations in the marketplace.
Consistent with this right, neither Party shall unilaterally limit
the volume of traffic, frequency or regularity of service, or the
aircraft type or types operated by the designated airlines of the
other Party, except as may be required for customs, technical,
operational, or environmental reasons under uniform conditions
consistent with Article 15 of the Convention.
3. Neither Party shall impose on the other Party's designated
airlines a first-refusal requirement, uplift ratio, no-objection
fee, or any other requirement with respect to capacity, frequency
or traffic that would be inconsistent with the purposes of this
Agreement.
4. Neither Party shall require the filing of schedules, programs
for charter flights, or operational plans by airlines of the other
Party for approval, except as may be required on a
non-discriminatory basis to enforce the uniform conditions foreseen
by paragraph 2 of this Article or as may be specifically authorized
in an Annex to this Agreement. Ifa Party requires filings for
information purposes, it shall minimize the administrative burdens
of filing requirements and procedures on air transportation
intermediaries and on designated airlines of the other Party.
Article 12
Pricing
1. Each Party shall allow prices for air transportation to be
established by each designated airline based upon commercial
considerations in the marketplace. Intervention by the Parties
shall be limited to:
a. prevention of unreasonably discriminatory prices or
practices;
b. protection of consumers from prices that are unreasonably
high or restrictive due to the abuse of a dominant position;
c. protection of airlines from prices that are artificially low
due to direct or
indirect governmental subsidy or support; and
d. protection of airlines from abuses of a dominant position
resulting from prices that are unjustifiably low, taking account of
the costs to the initiating airline of providing the services or
facilities to which they relate, where evidence exists as to an
intent to eliminate competition.
2. Each Party may require notification to or filing with its
aeronautical authorities of prices to be charged to or from its
territory by airlines of the other Party. Notification or filing by
the airlines ofboth Parties may be required no more than 30 days
before the
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proposed date of effectiveness. In individual cases,
notification or filing may be permitted on shorter notice than
normally required. Neither Party shall require the notification or
filing by airlines of the other Party of prices charged by
charterers to the public, except as may be required on a
non-discriminatory basis for information purposes.
3. Neither Party shall take unilateral action to prevent the
inauguration or continuation of a price proposed to be charged or
charged by (i) an airline of either Party for international air
transportation between the territories of the Parties, or (ii) an
airline ofone Party for international air transportation between
the territory of the other Party and any other country, including
in both cases transportation on an interline or intraline basis. If
either Party believes that any such price is inconsistent with the
considerations set forth in paragraph (1) of this Article, it shall
request consultations and notify the other Party of the reasons for
its dissatisfaction as soon as possible. These consultations shall
be held not later than 30 days after receipt of the request, and
the Parties shall cooperate in securing information necessary for
reasoned resolution of the issue. If the Parties reach agreement
with respect to a price for which a notice of dissatisfaction has
been given, each Party shall use its best efforts to put that
agreement into effect. Without such mutual agreement, the price
shall go into effect or continue in effect.
Article 13
Consultations
Either Party may, at any time, request consultations relating to
this Agreement. Such consultations shall begin at the earliest
possible date, but not later than 60 days from the date the other
Party receives the request unless otherwise agreed.
Article 14
Settlement of Disputes
1. Any dispute arising under this Agreement, except those that
may arise under paragraph 3 of Article 12 (Pricing), that is not
resolved by a first round of formal consultations may be referred
by agreement of the Parties for decision to some person or body. If
the Parties do not so agree, the dispute shall, at the request of
either Party, be submitted to arbitration in accordance with the
procedures set forth below.
2. Arbitration shall be by a tribunal of three arbitrators to be
constituted as follows:
a. Within 30 days after the receipt of a request for
arbitration, each Party shall name one arbitrator. Within 60 days
after these two arbitrators have been named, they shall by
agreement appoint a third arbitrator, who shall act as President of
the arbitral tribunal;
b. Ifeither Party fails to name an arbitrator, or if the third
arbitrator is not appointed in accordance with subparagraph (a) of
this paragraph, either Party may request the President of the
Council of the International Civil Aviation Organization to appoint
the necessary arbitrator or arbitrators within 30 days. If the
President of the Council is of the same nationality as one of the
Parties, the most senior Vice President who is not disqualified on
that ground shall make the appointment.
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3. Except as othetwise agreed, the arbitral tribunal shall
determine the limits of its jurisdiction in accordance with this
Agreement and shall establish its own procedural rules. The
tribunal, once formed, may recommend interim relief measures
pending its final determination. At the direction of the tribunal
or at the request of either of the Parties, a conference to
determine the precise issues to be arbitrated and the specific
procedures to be followed shall be held not later than 15 days
after the tribunal is fully constituted.
4. Except as othetwise agreed or as directed by the tribunal,
each Party shall submit a memorandum within 45 days of the time the
tribunal is fully constituted. Replies shall be due 60 days later.
The tribunal shall hold a hearing at the request of either Party or
on its own initiative within 15 days after replies are due.
5. The tribunal shall attempt to render a written decision
within 30 days after
completion of the hearing or, if no hearing is held, after the
date both replies are
submitted. The decision of the majority of the tribunal shall
prevail.
6. The Parties may submit requests for clarification of the
decision within 15 days after it is rendered and any clarification
given shall be issued within 15 days of such request.
7. Each Party shall, to the degree consistent with its national
law, give full effect to any decision or award of the arbitral
tribunal.
8. The expenses of the arbitral tribunal, including the fees and
expenses of the arbitrators, shall be shared equally by the
Parties. Any expenses incurred by the President of the Council of
the International Civil Aviation Organization in connection with
the procedures ofparagraph 2.b. of this Article shall be considered
to be part of the expenses of the arbitral tribunal.
Article 15
Amendment
1. This Agreement may be amended by written agreement of the
Parties.
2. If, after entry into force of this Agreement, both Parties
become party to a multilateral agreement that addresses matters
covered by this Agreement, the Parties shall consult to determine
whether this Agreement should be revised to take into account the
multilateral agreement.
Article 16
Termination
Either Party may, at any time, give notice in writing to the
other Party of its decision to terminate this Agreement. Such
notice shall be sent simultaneously to the International Civil
Aviation Organization. This Agreement shall terminate at midnight
(at the place of receipt of the notice to the other Party)
immediately before the first anniversary of the date ofreceipt of
the notice by the other Party, unless the notice is withdrawn by
agreement of the Parties befi re the end of this period.
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Article 17
Registration with ICAO
This Agreement and all amendments thereto shall be registered
with the International Civil Aviation Organization.
Article 18
Entry into Force
This Agreement shall be provisionally applied from the date of
signature and shall enter into force on the date of the latest of
the two diplomatic notes confirming completion of all necessary
internal procedures by each Party. Upon entry into force, this
Agreement shall supersede the Air Transport Agreement and related
exchange ofnotes between the Government of the United States
ofAmerica and the Government of the Kingdom of Morocco, signed at
Rabat February 9, 1970.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned, being duly authorized by
their respective Governments, have signed this Agreement.
DONE at ~M-f" , this /O'l. day of~«.. , 2001, in duplicate, in
the English and Arabic languages, each text being equally
authentic.
FOR THE GOVERNMENT OF FOR THE GOVERNMENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF
AMERICA THE KINGDOM OF MOROCCO
Margaret DeB. Tutwiler Abdeslam Znined Ambassador of the United
Minister of Transportation and
States of America to the Merchant Marine
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ANNEX I
Scheduled Air Transportation
Section 1
Routes
Airlines of each Party designated under this Annex shall, in
accordance with the terms of their designation, be entitled to
perform scheduled international air transportation between points
on the following routes:
A. Routes for the airline or airlines designated by the
Government of the United States:
1. From points behind the United States via the United States
and intermediate points to a point or points in Morocco and
beyond.
2. For all-cargo service or services, between Morocco and any
point or points.
B. Routes for the airline or airlines designated by the
Government ofMorocco:
1. From points behind Morocco via Morocco and intermediate
points to a point or points in the United States and beyond.
2. For all-cargo service or services, between the United States
and any point or points.
Section2
Operational Flexibility
Each designated airline may, on any or all flights and at its
option;
1. · operate flights in either or both directions;
2. combine different flight numbers within one aircraft
operation;
3. serve behind, intermediate, and beyond points and points in
the territories of the Parties on the routes in any combination and
in any order;
4. omit stops al any point or points;
5. transfer traffic from any of its aircraft to any of its other
aircraft at any point on the routes; and
6. serve points behind any point in its territory with or
without change of aircraft or flight number and may hold out and
advertise such services to the public as through services;
without directional or geographic limitation and without loss of
any right to carry traffic otherwise permissible under this
Agreement; provided that, with the exception of allcargo services,
the service serves a point in the territory of the Party
designating the airline.
~~-~~~·~·(~-~·=·=:::::::::---::::::::=:·~-=21~"-0'·'"='cc
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14
Section 3
Change of Gauge
On any segment or segments of the routes above, any designated
airline may perform international air transportation without any
limitation as to change, at any point on the route, in type or
number of aircraft operated; provided that, with the exception of
allcargo services, in the outbound direction, the transportation
beyond such point is a continuation of the transportation from the
territory of the Party that has designated the airline and, in the
inbound direction, the transportation to the territory of the Party
that has designated the airline is a continuation of the
transportation from beyond such point.
ANNEX II
Charter Air Transportation
Section 1
Airlines of each Party designated under this Annex shall, in
accordance with the terms of their designation, have the right to
carry international charter traffic ofpassengers (and their
accompanying baggage) and/or cargo (including, but not limited to,
freight forwarder, split, and combination (passenger/cargo)
charters):
Between any point or points in the territory of the Party that
has designated the airline and any point or points in the territory
of the other Party; and
Between any point or points in the territory of the other Party
and any point or points in a third country or countries, provided
that, except with respect to cargo charters, such service
constitutes part of a continuous operation, with or without a
change of aircraft, that includes service to the homeland for the
purpose of carrying local traffic between the homeland and the
territory of the other Party.
In the performance of services covered by this Annex, airlines
of each Party designated under this Annex shall also have the
right: (I) to make stopovers at any points whether within or
outside of the territory of either Party; (2) to carry transit
traffic through the other Party's territory; (3) to combine on the
same aircraft traffic originating in one Party's territory, traffic
originating in the other Party's territory, and traffic originating
in third countries; and (4) to perform international air
transportation without any limitation as to change, at any point on
the route, in type or number of aircraft operated; provided that,
except with respect to cargo charters, in the outbound direction,
the transportation beyond such point is a continuation of the
transportation from the territory of the Party that has designated
the airline and in the inbound direction, the transportation to the
territory of the Party that has designated the airline is a
continuation of the transportation from beyond such point.
Each Party shall extend favorable consideration to applications
by airlines of the other Party to carry traffic not covered by this
Annex on the basis of comity and reciprocity.
Section 2
Any airline designated by either Party performing international
charter air transportation
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-
15
have the option ofcomplying with the charter laws, regulations,
and rules either of its homeland or of the other Party. If a Party
applies different rules, regulations, terms, conditions, or
limitations to one or more of its airlines, or to airlines
ofdifferent countries, each designated airline shall be subject to
the least restrictive of such criteria.
However, nothing contained in the above paragraph shall limit
the rights of either Party to require airlines designated under
this Annex by either Party to adhere to requirements relating to
the protection ofpassenger funds and passenger cancellation and
refund rights.
Section 3
Except with respect to the consumer protection rules referred to
in the preceding paragraph above, neither Party shall require an
airline designated under this Annex by the other Party, in respect
of the carriage of traffic from the territory of that other Party
or of a third country on a one-way or round-trip basis, to submit
more than a declaration of conformity with the applicable laws,
regulations and rules referred to under section 2 of this Annex or
of a waiver of these laws, regulations, or rules granted by the
applicable aeronautical authorities.
ANNEX III
Principles of Non-Discrimination Within and Competition among
Computer Reservations Systems
Recognizing that Article 11 (Fair Competition) of this Agreement
guarantees the airlines ofboth Parties "a fair and equal
opportunity to compete,"
Considering that one of the most important aspects of the
ability ofan airline to compete is its ability to inform the public
of its services in a fair and impartial manner, and that,
therefore, the quality of information about airline services
available to travel agents who directly distribute such information
to the traveling public and the ability of an airline to offer
those agents competitive computer reservations systems (CRSs)
represent the foundation for an airline's competitive
opportunities, and
Considering that it is equally necessary to ensure that the
interests of the consumers of air transport products are protected
from any misuse of such information and its misleading presentation
and that airlines and travel agents have access to effectively
competitive computer reservations systems:
1. The Parties agree that CRSs will have integrated primary
displays for which:
a. Information regarding international air services, including
the construction of connections on those services, shall be edited
and displayed based on non-discriminatory and objective criteria
that are not influenced, directly or indirectly, by airline or
market identity. Such criteria shall apply uniformly to all
participating airlines.
b. CRS data bases shall be as comprehensive as possible.
c. CRS vendors shall not delete information submitted by
participating airlines; such information shall be accurate and
transparent; for example, code-shared and changeof-gauge flights
and flights with stops should be clearly identified as having
those
characteristics. ~... . . --- ?.i ···-·_ ····--· ..
cf=;-----·-·---
-
16
d. All CRSs that are available to travel agents who directly
distribute information about airline services to the traveling
public in either Party's territory shall not only be obligated to,
but shall also be entitled to, operate in conformance with the CRS
rules that apply in the territory where the CRS is being
operated.
e. Travel agents shall be allowed to use any of the secondary
displays available through the CRS so long as the travel agent
makes a specific request for that display.
2. A Party shall require that each CRS vendor operating in its
territory allow all airlines willing to pay any applicable
non-discriminatory fee to participate in its CRS. A Party shall
require that all distribution facilities that a system vendor
provides shall be offered on a non-discriminatory basis to
participating airlines. A Party shall require that CRS vendors
display, on a non-discriminatory, objective, carrier-neutral and
marketneutral basis, the international air services ofparticipating
airlines in all markets in which they wish to sell those services.
Upon request, a CRS vendor shall disclose details of its data base
update and storage procedures, its criteria for editing and ranking
information, the weight given to such criteria, and the criteria
used for selection ofconnect points and inclusion of connecting
flights.
3. CRS vendors operating in the territory of one Party shall be
entitled to bring in, maintain, and make freely available their
CRSs to travel agencies or travel companies whose principal
business is the distribution of travel-related products in the
territory of the other Party ifthe CRS complies with these
principles.
4. Neither Party shall, in its territory, impose or permit to be
imposed on the CRS vendors of the other Party more stringent
requirements with respect to access to and use of communication
facilities, selection and use of technical CRS hardware and
software, and the technical installation of CRS hardware, than
those imposed on its own CRS vendors.
5. Neither Party shall, in its territory, impose or permit to be
imposed on the CRS vendors of the other Party more restrictive
requirements with respect to CRS displays (including edit and
display parameters), operation, or sale than those imposed on its
own CRS vendors.
6. CRSs in use in the territory of one Party that comply with
these principles and other relevant non-discriminatory regulatory,
technical, and security standards shall be entitled to effective
and unimpaired access in the territory of the other Party. One
aspect of this is that a designated airline shall participate in
such a system as fully in its homeland territory as it does in any
system offered to travel agents in the territory of the other
Party. Owners/operators of CRSs of one Party shall have the same
opportunity to own/operate CRSs that conform to these principles
within the territory of the other Party as do owners/operators of
that Party. Each Party shall ensure that its airlines and its CRS
vendors do not discriminate against travel agents in their homeland
territory because of their use or possession of a CRS also operated
in the territory of the other Party.
-
17
ANNEX IV
Transitional Provisions
The provisions of this Annex shall expire on November 1,
2005.
Section 1
A. Intermodal cargo. The provisions ofArticle 8, paragraph 8
shall not apply to airlines designated by the United States until
April 1, 2003.
B. Fifth-freedom traffic. Notwithstanding Annex I and II of this
Agreement:
1. Until November 1, 2003, airlines designated by the United
States may not engage in scheduled or charter combination air
transportation with local traffic rights between points in Morocco
and points (a) in the European Union (as constituted on October 1,
2000) and (b) in Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Mauritania, Saudi Arabia,
and Tunisia.
2. From November 1, 2003, through October 31, 2005, airlines
designated by the United States may not engage in scheduled
combination air transportation with local traffic rights between
points in Morocco and points (a) in the European Union (as
constituted on October 1, 2000), except for two points other than
London, Milan, and Paris, and (b) in Algeria, Egypt, Libya,
Mauritania, and Tunisia.
C. Seventh-freedom traffic. Notwithstanding Annexes I and II of
this Agreement, until November 1, 2005, no airline designated by
either Party may exercise the rights in:
1. Annex I, section 1, paragraphs A.2 or B.2, or
2. Annex II, where such service does not constitute part of a
continuous operation, with or without a change of aircraft, that
includes service to the homeland for the purpose of carrying local
traffic between the homeland and the territory ofother Party.
Section 2
Selections of points under section 1B of this Annex shall be
made, or changed, by the Government of the United States, with 30
days' notice to the Government of Morocco through diplomatic
channels. Such points may be served as intermediate or beyond
points, or both.
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