Avesta_2D3D4D

AVESTA 2D, 3D AND 4D ELECTRODES simplicity and flexibility in all positions

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For flexible welding in all positions, covered electrodes are hard to beat. They can be used for prefabrication welding in workshops, on-site welding, overlay welding and repairwelding. Thanks to Avesta Welding’s new 2D, 3D and 4Dconcept, the positive characteristics of covered electrodes can be exploited to the full.

Avesta 2D electrodes high productivity in the flat welding position.

Avesta 2D high-recovery electrodes give ametal recovery of up to 150%. The depositionrate can be as much as 30% better than that ofcorresponding standard products. Becauseweld beads are generally longer when using2D electrodes, there is minimum starting andstopping. This improves both cost efficiencyand quality. 2D electrodes can be used for:horizontal-vertical and flat fillet welds; flat buttwelds; and, various types of overlay welding.Suitable metal thicknesses are 5 mm upwards.

Avesta 3D electrodes the perfect “all-round” electrodes.

Avesta 3D electrodes have been speciallydeveloped for flexible welding in all commonwelding positions. As 3D electrodes have avery wide parameter box, they have a largeworking range and can be used for all typesof joints. 3D electrodes have extremely goodweldability and give a stable arc. The slag andthe weld pool are both easy to control. Suit-able metal thicknesses are 3 mm upwards.For thin materials, Avesta 4D electrodes arerecommended.

Avesta 4D electrodes the optimum electrodes for extremeposition welding of sheeet and pipes.

The weldability of 4D electrodes is extremelygood and the arc and weld pool are bothstable. The thin coating gives a small weldpool. However, the slag is very compliant andeasy to control. A short arc is to be used forwelding. The slag is self-releasing and leavesan even, beautiful weld finish.

All Avesta’s 2D, 3D and 4D electrodes areavailable in formats for welding: austeniticstainless steels (with or without molybde-num); duplex stainless steels; and, stainlesssteels to carbon steels.

Electrode and designationsElectrode type EN 1600 Avesta Welding’s designation

Austenitic Avesta 2D 308L/MVR-HX, 316L/SKR-HX Avesta 3D 308L/MVR, 316L/SKR Avesta 4D 308L/MVR-4D, 316L/SKR-4D

Austenitic- Avesta 2D 2205-HXferritic Avesta 3D 2205 (duplex) Avesta 4D 2205-4D

Special types Avesta 2D P5-HX Avesta 3D 309L, P5Avesta 4D 309L-4D, P5-4D

Versatility and qualitywhatever the position!

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The 2D, 3D, 4D concept enables

the positive characteristicsto be exploited to the full

1. AISI 316/EN 1.4401 pipes in, for example, the pulpand paper industry, can advantageously be weldedusing 316L/SKR-4D electrodes in all positions.Covered electrodes here provide a very cost-efficientalternative to TIG welding.

2. Owing to their superb “positional weldability”,3D covered electrodes are an excellent choice for theall-position on-site welding of process and storagevessels in the pulp, paper, chemical and foodstuffsindustries, etc.

3. Duplex 2205 is becoming increasingly popular inthe manufacture of pipelines for natural gas. Here,3D electrodes can once again give excellent resultswhen welding in any position.

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Experience and know-how in all stainless steel applications –

experts in stainless steel! In most environments where stainless steel is used, excellent corrosion resistanceis a must. Avesta’s 3D and 4D electrodes are the best possible start to achievingcorrosion-resistant joints. Avesta Welding will provide expert assistance inchoosing materials, welding methods and post-weld treatments for optimalresults in even the most demanding of environments.

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In most environments where

stainless steel is usedexcellent corrosion resistance is a must

The compound is pressed onto the

straightened and cut-to-length stainless steel core wires

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Manufacture1. The core wires of Avesta Welding’s covered electro-des are made from 18 Cr-10 Ni, 17 Cr-11 Ni-2 Mo or22 Cr-9 Ni-3 Mo type stainless steels. From 5.60 mmwire rod, they are sequentially drawn to their finaldimensions. They are then straightened and cut tosuitable lengths.

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Full control fromsteelworks to end userBecause we work very closely with local steel producers, we have full control of the raw materials going into our products. We can steer theentire process from melt to market.

2. For optimum weldability, each product and dimen-sion has its own unique formula. Formula develop-ment is based on extensive experience and close col-laborations with end users. Besides minerals and slagformers (to promote weldability), the powder used toform the coating also contains metals (to ensure thecorrect chemical composition). The powder is weighedand mixed in a fully automatic weighing system.

3. A sodium silicate solution is then added and thecompound is pressed onto the straightened and cut-to-length stainless steel core wires.

4–5. After pressing, the electrodes are marked withthe batch number and steel grade. They then undergoa strictly controlled drying cycle that drives out thesodium silicate.

6. After drying, there are comprehensive quality con-trols before the electrodes are packed in sealed plasticcapsules. Each batch of electrodes is approved onlyafter analyses and weldability checks.

Welding recommendationsWelding current can be either DC+ or AC. However,DC+ always gives the best weldability.

Overlay welding and the flat welding of buttand fillet welds. Welding must be with a shortarc and no weaving. To minimise dilution in

overlay welding, small overlaps and the angling ofthe arc towards the preceding bead are essential.

A short arc is to be used for welding. The slagis self-releasing and leaves an even, beautifulweld finish. Even if double-sided welding is

always to be preferred, 3D electrodes give goodresults in single-sided welding. Weaving is essentialin vertical-up welding.

A very short arc and slight weaving motionmust be used for welding. When welding I joints in sheet metal, the gap should be slightly

larger than the electrode diameter. For example, if a2.0 mm electrode is used to weld 2 mm sheet, the gapshould be 2.0 – 2.5 mm. With larger gaps, it may beadvantageous to weld with the electrode connectedto the negative terminal. This is also true when using309L-4D or P5-4D to weld mixed joints between car-bon and stainless steels. The weld pool and penetra-tion are then very easy to control. As the weld pool isminimal, 4D electrodes are perfect for welding thinmetal components.

When welding, for example, “acid-resistant” pipes inthe pulp and paper industry, the productivity of 4Delectrodes is far superior to that achieved using TIGwelding. No backing gas is required.

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2D, 3D and 4D covered electrodes– simple and flexible welding

Covered electrodes can be used for welding in all positions and in a widerange of dimensions. All Avesta’s 2D, 3D and 4D electrodes have very goodweldability and are characterised by excellent arc stability, superb weldfinishes and no spatter.

Avesta 3D Diameter, Flat Vertical-up electrode mm (PA) (PF)

Current,A Current, A

308L/MVR

316L/SKR

2205

309L

P5

1.6

2.0

2.5

3.25

4.0

5.0

25– 45

30– 55

45– 70

60–110

90–150

150–200

25–35

30–45

45–55

70–90

Avesta 4D Diameter, Flat Vertical-up Vertical-downelectrode mm (PA) (PF) (PG)

Current,A Current, A Current, A

308L/MVR-4D

316L/SKR-4D

2205-4D

309L-4D

P5-4D

1.6

2.0

2.5

3.25

2.0

2.5

3.25

25– 45

30– 55

40– 70

50–110

35– 55

45– 70

55–110

20–30

20–35

25–40

35–40

25–40

30–45

40–45

25– 45

30– 55

40– 70

50–110

35– 45

45– 70

55–110

Avesta 2D Diameter, Flatelectrode mm (PA)

Current, A

308L/MVR-HX 2.50 60- 90

316L/SKR-HX 3.25 80-130

2205 4.00 110-170

P5 5.00 170-230

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Covered electrodes are extremely suitable for all typesof repair welding. Welding position and metal thick-ness determine the choice of 2D, 3D or 4D electrodes.

1. The single-sided welding of stainless steel placesthe severest demands on consumables. Arc, weld pooland slag are all highly controllable with both Avesta3D and 4D electrodes. Consequently, they give excep-tionally fine root beads. For increased productivity,filler beads can be deposited using Avesta FCW-2Dor FCW-3D flux cored wires.

2. Avesta 2D electrodes deliver high productivity andquality in the overlay welding of carbon steel compo-nents such as pipes, connection pieces and cones.

3. The 3D range of electrodes has a wide area of usein the on-site welding of, for example, storage tanks,digesters and thick-walled pipes made of austeniticand duplex steels.

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Stainless steel covered electrodes are moisture sensitive.Even though Avesta Welding’s consumables are sup-plied in packaging that has been developed to resistmoisture, a certain degree of care is still recommendedduring storage and handling. Covered electrodes mustbe stored in their unbroken, original packagings. Storagein opened packaging can considerably shorten the pro-duct’s service life. The storage temperature should be asconstant as possible and must never fall below 15°C.

Quality assurance and markingAvesta Welding’s covered electrodes are supplied witha 3.1 certificate. This shows the chemical composition of

the supplied item and typical values for yield strength,tensile strength and elongation.

Each capsule and pack has the following markings:– Avesta Welding’s product designation– Lot number– Weight– Standard designation (where applicable)– Approvals (where applicable)– Welding recommendations– Warning label

Electrodes must be stored

in their unbrokenoriginal packagings

Storage and handling

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2D 308L/MVR-HX 395 550 41 65 55 (–40°C) 210 X X3D 308L/MVR 470 570 37 60 55 (–40°C) 200 X X X4D 308L/MVR-4D 420 520 35 54 38 (–40°C) 200 X2D 316L/SKR-HX 420 575 37 55 55 (–40°C) 210 X X X3D 316L/SKR 445 590 36 54 52 (–40°C) 210 X X X4D 316L/SKR-4D 480 590 34 60 55 (–40°C) 210 X2D 2205-HX 640 825 25 55 40 (–40°C) 2403D 2205 620 810 25 45 45 (–20°C) 240 X X X4D 2205-4D 630 820 25 45 35 (–40°C) 240 X3D 309L 450 550 35 50 50 (–40°C) 210 X X X4D 309L-4D 460 590 29* 50 45 (–40°C) 210 X2D P5-HX 450 625 30 35 35 (–20°C) 2203D P5 490 640 30 40 28 (–40°C) 220 X X X4D P5-4D 530 660 28* 40 38 (–40°C) 220 X

Avesta Welding Rp0,2 Rm A5 Impact strength, KV, J Brinell electrode designation N/mm2 N/mm2 % +20°C Low temp. hardness TÜV DNV CWB

Weld metal composition Standard designation

Mechanical properties, typical values Approvals**

* The ferrite content of pure weld metal. FN 0-18 in Schaeffler-DeLong, FN >18 in WRC-92.

Choice of filler metals

1.4301 304 4301

1.4307 304L 4307

1.4311 304LN 4311

1.4541 321 4541

1.4436 316 4436

1.4432 316L 4432

1.4429 316LN 4429

1.4571 316Ti 4571

1.4462 S32205 2205 2205

Outokumpu Recommended EN ASTM steel designation Avesta 3D electrode

Joints between molybdenum free stainless steelsand carbon or low-alloy steels. Overlay weldingof carbon or low-alloy steels.

Joints between molybdenum alloyed stainlesssteels and carbon or low-alloy steels. Overlaywelding of carbon or low-alloy steels.

309L

P5

Avesta 3D Diameter and lenght, mmelectrode 1.60 2.00 2.50 3.25 4.00 5.00

Dimensions and packaging data

308L/MVR 250 300 350 350 450 450

316L/SKR 250 300 350 350 450 450

2205 – 300 350 350 450 450

309L – 300 300 350 450 450

P5 – 300 300 350 450 450

Avesta Welding’s covered electrodes are delivered in moisture-proof,plastic capsules packed in cartons. The electrodes can also be sup-plied vacuumpacked.

Avesta 4D Diameter and lenght, mmelectrode 1.60 2.00 2.50 3.25

308L/MVR-4D 250 250/300 300 350

316L/SKR-4D 250 250/300 300 350

2205-4D – 300 300 350

309L-4D – 300 300 350

P5-4D – 300 300 350

2D 308L/MVR-HX 0.03 0.7 0.9 20.0 10.5 – – 10 E 19 9 L R E308L-173D 308L/MVR 0.02 0.8 0.6 19.5 10.1 – – 5 E 19 9 L R E308L-174D 308L/MVR-4D 0.02 0.8 0.6 19.5 12.0 2.8 – 8 E 19 9 L R E308L-172D 316L/SKR-HX 0.03 0.8 0.8 18.0 12.0 2.8 – 8 E 19 12 3 L R E316L-173D 316L/SKR 0.02 0.8 0.7 18.5 12.0 2.7 – 8 E 19 12 3 L R E316L-17 4D 316L/SKR-4D 0.02 0.8 0.7 18.2 12.0 2.6 – 8 E 19 12 3 L R E316L-17 2D 2205-HX 0.03 0.8 0.7 22.5 9.5 3.0 N=0.15 30 E 22 9 3 N L R E2209-173D 2205 0.02 0.8 0.7 23.0 9.5 3.0 N=0.15 30 E 22 9 3 N L R E2209-174D 2205-4D 0.02 0.8 0.7 23.0 9.4 3.0 N=0.15 30 E 22 9 3 N L R E2209-173D 309L 0.02 0.8 0.8 23.0 13.0 – – 15 E 23 12 L R E309L-174D 309L-4D 0.02 0.8 1.0 23.3 12.8 – – 15 E 23 12 L R E309L-172D P5-HX 0.03 0.8 1.0 22.0 13.5 2.7 – 20 E 23 12 2 L R E309MoL-173D P5 0.02 0.8 0.8 22.5 13.5 2.5 – 20 E 23 12 2 L R E309MoL-174D P5-4D 0.02 0.7 1.0 23.0 13.0 2.5 – 20 E 23 12 2 L R E309MoL-17

Avesta Welding Chemical composition, typical values, % Typicalelectrode designation C Si Mn Cr Ni Mo Other ferrite* EN 1600 AWS A5.4

* Does not meet the requirements of AWS A5.4.

Avesta 2D Diameter and lenght, mmelectrode 2.50 3.25 4.00 5.00

308L/MVR-HX – – 450 450

316L/SKR-HX 350 400 450 450

2205-HX – – 450 450

P5-HX – – 450 450

308L/MVR

316L/SKR

** Contact Avesta Welding for details.

Avesta Welding ABP.O. Box 501, KoppardalenSE-774 27 Avesta, Sweden

Tel: +46 (0)226 815 00Fax: +46 (0)226 815 75

[email protected]

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