Auto/Oil Programs, Reformulated Fuels, and Alternative Fuels 燃油 - 排放项目,调和燃料和替代燃料 Auto/Oil Programs, Reformulated Fuels, and Alternative Fuels 燃油 - 排放项目,调和燃料和替代燃料 Bruce B. Bykowski Southwest Research Institute ® 美国西南研究院 April 2004 Bruce B. Bruce B. Bykowski Bykowski Southwest Research Institute Southwest Research Institute ® ® 美国西南研究院 美国西南研究院 April 2004 April 2004
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AutoOil Programs, Reformulated Fuels, & Alternative Fuels v2
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Auto/Oil Programs, Reformulated Fuels, and Alternative Fuels
燃油 - 排放项目,调和燃料和替代燃料
Auto/Oil Programs, Reformulated Fuels, and Alternative Fuels
燃油 - 排放项目,调和燃料和替代燃料
Bruce B. BykowskiSouthwest Research Institute®
美国西南研究院
April 2004
Bruce B.Bruce B. BykowskiBykowskiSouthwest Research InstituteSouthwest Research Institute®®
Two programs conducted Two programs conducted 进行了两个项目进行了两个项目Auto Oil Program (AOP) 1994Auto Oil Program (AOP) 1994--1996 1996 欧洲燃油欧洲燃油 -- 排放项目排放项目 ((19941994--19961996))Auto Oil II Program (AOPII) 1997Auto Oil II Program (AOPII) 1997--2000 2000 欧洲燃油欧洲燃油 -- 排放项目二期排放项目二期 ((19971997--20002000))
First Auto Oil Program First Auto Oil Program 欧洲燃油欧洲燃油 -- 排放项目一期排放项目一期
Goal Goal –– provide policy makers with assessment of most costprovide policy makers with assessment of most cost--effective measures for reducing emissions from road transportatieffective measures for reducing emissions from road transportationon目标:为决策者提供减少机动车排放的 经济的途径目标:为决策者提供减少机动车排放的 经济的途径
Examined vehicle technology, fuel quality, mechanisms for Examined vehicle technology, fuel quality, mechanisms for improved durability, and other nonimproved durability, and other non--technical measurestechnical measures研究了汽车技术、燃油质量、提高耐久性及其他非技术性指标研究了汽车技术、燃油质量、提高耐久性及其他非技术性指标
Result Result –– Directives proposed for quality standards for gasoline and Directives proposed for quality standards for gasoline and diesel fuel, and for passenger car emissionsdiesel fuel, and for passenger car emissions结论:为汽油、柴油和汽车排放提供了指导性建议结论:为汽油、柴油和汽车排放提供了指导性建议
European Auto/Oil Programs欧洲燃油 - 排放项目
European Auto/Oil Programs欧洲燃油 - 排放项目
Second Auto Oil Program Second Auto Oil Program 欧洲燃油欧洲燃油 -- 排放项目二期排放项目二期
Goal Goal –– provide technical input for future vehicle emission limit provide technical input for future vehicle emission limit values and fuel quality standardsvalues and fuel quality standards目标:为以后的排放规范和燃油标准提供技术指导目标:为以后的排放规范和燃油标准提供技术指导Methodology: Methodology: 研究方法研究方法
–– Identify environmental objectives Identify environmental objectives 确定环境目标确定环境目标–– Forecast base case trends in emissions Forecast base case trends in emissions 预测排放趋势预测排放趋势–– Forecast future air quality Forecast future air quality 预测未来大气质量预测未来大气质量–– Establish emission reduction targets Establish emission reduction targets 建立排放目标建立排放目标–– Identify policy options Identify policy options 确立政策选相确立政策选相–– Perform costPerform cost--effectiveness analysis effectiveness analysis 进行成本进行成本--效益分析效益分析
Results: Results: 研究结果研究结果–– Developed TREMOVE model (policy simulation tool)Developed TREMOVE model (policy simulation tool)开发了开发了 TREMOVE TREMOVE 模型模型 (政策模拟工具)(政策模拟工具)
–– Developed LEUVEN II cost effectiveness optimization toolDeveloped LEUVEN II cost effectiveness optimization tool开发了开发了 LEUVEN II LEUVEN II 低成本优化工具低成本优化工具
EU Standards for Passenger Cars欧洲轿车排放标准 (克/公里)
g/km
EU Standards for Passenger Cars欧洲轿车排放标准 (克/公里)
g/km
Indian Program印度燃油 - 排放项目
Indian Program印度燃油 - 排放项目
AutoAuto--Oil Government Research ForumOil Government Research Forum印度政府燃油印度政府燃油--排放研究论坛排放研究论坛
Established byEstablished by TataTata Energy Research Institute (TERI) in Jan. Energy Research Institute (TERI) in Jan. 2000200020002000年年11月由月由TATATATA能源研究院建立能源研究院建立
Objectives: Objectives: 目标目标Establish targets for improvement in air qualityEstablish targets for improvement in air quality为改善大气质量建立目标为改善大气质量建立目标Draw road map to reach targetsDraw road map to reach targets设立阶段目标设立阶段目标Secure commitments from agencies to achieve objectivesSecure commitments from agencies to achieve objectives确保有关机构的积极参与从而实现总体目标确保有关机构的积极参与从而实现总体目标
China Auto/Oil Preliminary Program中国燃油-排放项目
China Auto/Oil Preliminary Program中国燃油-排放项目
Six test cars with technologies originating in U.S.,Europe, and Japan六辆由美国,欧 洲 和日本产的轿车
Eight fuels with different levels of olefins and sulfur八种含烯烃与硫量不同的燃料
Four cars tested to 80k km of durability 四辆车进行八万公里耐久性测试
Program to be completed in mid April, 2003项目四月中结束
Sources of Emissions in China中国机动车排放来源
Sources of Emissions in China中国机动车排放来源
LightLight--duty vehicles duty vehicles 轻型车轻型车
Newer cars Newer cars –– Euro 2 Euro 2 (CLC + 3(CLC + 3--way catalyst) way catalyst) 新车新车 -- 欧洲二号欧洲二号