AUTONOMOUS CARS The Ethics Of Autonomous vehicles SUBMITTED BY: Anmol Parimoo 12/222 SUBMITTED TO: Mrs. Nirmala Sharma Ms. Krishna Gautam
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AUTONOMOUS CARSThe Ethics Of Autonomous vehicles
SUBMITTED BY:
Anmol Parimoo12/222SUBMITTED TO:
Mrs. Nirmala SharmaMs. Krishna Gautam
Autonomous Vehicles Defined
Vehicle that get from one point to another point without human interaction.Implement a number of well placed sensors that detect different things such as other vehicles, people, traffic lights, and movement of other vehicles
Autonomous Cars
Need of Autonomous CarsAutonomous Cars
The Technology of the CarAnti-Lock BrakesElectronic Stability controlAdaptive cruise controlLane-departure warning systemSelf parkingAutomated guided vehicle systemsLidar-Systems(with google cars) or Cruise Automated Systems(Audi)Infrared cameras.
Autonomous Cars
The Lidar System(Light Detection and Ranging)Features:Vertical and horizontal setup of the system possibleImage acquisition with fully integrated NIKON DSLR camera.3D mode with continuous rotation of scanning head for highly efficient mobile data acquisition. 360 degree static scanning.Mainly used by Google Inc. for detecting the surroundings of the vehicle
Autonomous Cars
The Lidar System- WorkingThe LIDAR consists of an emitter, mirror and receiver.The emitter sends out a LASER beam that bounces off a mirror that is rotating along with the cylindrical housing at 10 revolutions per minute. After bouncing off objects, the LASER beam returns to the mirror and is bounced back towards the receiver, where it can be interpreted into data. The vehicle can then generate a map of its surroundings and use the map to avoid objects.Autonomous Cars
Cruise Systems (AUDI)Features:
Cameras and Radars to map out surroundings(including other vehicles)Used mainly for highway scenarios.Steering wheel motor mounted to steering column.Adaptive speed control.Collision avoidanceRP-1 sensorsWill be made in future for other vehicles.
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Types of Algorithms
The combination of:3-D imaging with multiple 1064 nm lasers.Edge-Detection AlgorithmMotion-Detection algorithmTracking algorithm
Autonomous Cars
Apples and OrangesLidar System:$70k systemCan be used in basically anywhere.Design is very bulky and heavyFully autonomousCruise System:$10k system(installed)Mainly for highway scenariosDesign is small and lightweightNot fully autonomous Autonomous Cars
Current Adoption of the TechnologyGoogle, as mentioned previouslyCruise AutomationTesla Model D announced in 2014 Car will be able to autonomously pick owners up (on private property)Cadillac Super Cruise announced in 2014 for 2017 modelsHands-free driving in certain conditionsV2V communicationFord Traffic Jam Assist announced in 2012 gives similar features.Autonomous Cars
Current Adoption of the Technology
Autonomous Cars
Navia
Worlds first commercially available driverless car by France-based robotics companyInduct.Autonomous Cars
ComponentsLane departure warningLazy or inattentive drivers can automatically be movedBlind spot monitoring Warn if cars are in blind spotsPedestrian detectionAutomatic brake or warningAdaptive cruise control + forward collision warningCar stays a safe distance behind cars ahead of itWarns or takes action in case of danger
Autonomous Cars
Statistical and Professional Support32,719 people were killed in car accidents in the US alone in 2013The Institute for Highway Safety reported the following in 20147% reduction in crashes for vehicles with forward collision warning systems.14-15% reduction for vehicles with automatic braking.In 2012 pedestrian deaths were 14% of all crash fatalitiesInsurance Institute for Highway Safety found 72% of people who try the technology want them in their own vehicle.Automatic braking lowers severity of unavoidable crashes according to an IIHS official.Autonomous Cars
Fewer traffic collisionsIncreased roadway capacity and reduced traffic congestionRelief of vehicle occupants from driving and navigation chores.Higher speed limit for autonomous cars.Alleviation of parking scarcity.Reduction of space required for vehicle parking.Reduction in the need for traffic police.Reduction of physical road signage .Smoother ride.Potential AdvantagesAutonomous Cars
DrawbacksAlthough there are people who want the technology in their cars, it can cost:$2,000 on average for safety-related tech (not automation)$10,000 for Cruise in Audi S4s, as mentioned.Poor performance in adverse weather conditionsWho is to blame?The car manufacturer? The programmer?The driver?
Autonomous Cars
Public Acceptance and AdoptionVehicle to vehicle technology cannot function ideally without adoption across the board.Minority vs majority
Few legal precedentsLegal in NV, CA, FL, MI, and the District of Columbia.Failed legislation in TX, OK, CO, AZ, OR, WI, and NH.
Autonomous Cars
The Trolley ProblemA trolleys brakes have failed.You are controlling the signal switch.If you do nothing, five people will be killed.If you activate the switch, only one person will be killed.What do you choose to do?Critical distinction: Allowing death versus causing death?
A classic thought-exercise in ethicsAutonomous Cars
Utilitarian Analysis
Weigh the pros and cons of each potential outcome to determine the net change in overall welfare.Pick the outcome with greatest net increase (or least decrease) in welfare.Due to its objectiveness, it is theoretically possible to implement in a computer system.A quick refresherAutonomous Cars
Problems with Utilitarian AnalysisIneffective when information is omitted.A truly accurate analysis may require valuing one human life over another.The least bad outcome may still result in the loss of life.
Autonomous Cars
Random Outcome Generator
Swerve to the right, potentially killing a cyclist.Swerve to the left, potentially killing two pedestrians.Continue forward into the path of an oncoming vehicle, potentially killing yourself and its occupant(s).A fair solutionGenerate a list of potential outcomes, then roll the die:Autonomous Cars
Vehicular communication systems are an emerging type of networks in which vehicles and roadside units are the communicating nodes,
providing each other with information such as safety, warnings and traffic information.
Autonomous cars integrated with vehicular communication systems can be more effective in avoiding crashes and traffic congestions.
ConclusionAutonomous Cars
ReferencesBRANDON, JOHN. "The New Cruise Control." Inc 37.1 (2015): 88-94. Academic Search Complete. Web. 1 Apr. 2015.PULTAROVA, TEREZA. "Self-Driving Self-charging Electric Cars Ready to Roll." Engineering & Technology (17509637) 9.12 (2015): 10. Academic Search Complete. Web. 1 Apr. 2015."The Road To Self-Driving Cars." Consumer Reports 79.4 (2014): 16-20. Academic Search Complete. Web. 1 Apr. 2015.http://www.fool.com/investing/general/2014/10/26/self-driving-cars-what-will-it-take-to-make-automa.aspxhttp://www.autoinsurancecenter.com/top-20-pros-and-cons-associated-with-self-driving-cars.htmhttp://www.wired.com/2013/07/the-surprising-ethics-of-robot-cars/http://www.consumerreports.org/cro/magazine/2014/04/the-road-to-self-driving-cars/index.htmAutonomous Cars
Thank YouAutonomous Cars
?Questions?
Autonomous Cars
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