AUTOMATIC SYSTEM FOR COOLING OF PHOTOVOLTAIC PANEL Buletinul AGIR nr. 4/2012 ● octombrie-decembrie 1 AUTOMATIC SYSTEM FO AUTOMATIC SYSTEM FO AUTOMATIC SYSTEM FO AUTOMATIC SYSTEM FOR COOLING OF PHOTOVO R COOLING OF PHOTOVO R COOLING OF PHOTOVO R COOLING OF PHOTOVOLTAIC LTAIC LTAIC LTAIC PANEL PANEL PANEL PANEL As.Eng. Ionel-Laurentiu ALBOTEANU PhD 1 , Prof. Eng. Gheorghe MANOLEA PhD 1 , Eng. Alexandru NOVAC PhD 2 , Eng.Constantin ŞULEA 1 University of Craiova, Faculty of Electrical Engineering 2 S.C. PROMAT S.A. REZUMAT. EZUMAT. EZUMAT. EZUMAT. lucrarea prezintă lucrarea prezintă lucrarea prezintă lucrarea prezintă o soluţie cu privire la creşterea eficienţei panourilor fotovoltaice prin reducerea pierderilor o soluţie cu privire la creşterea eficienţei panourilor fotovoltaice prin reducerea pierderilor o soluţie cu privire la creşterea eficienţei panourilor fotovoltaice prin reducerea pierderilor o soluţie cu privire la creşterea eficienţei panourilor fotovoltaice prin reducerea pierderilor datorat incălzirii celulelor fotovoltaice. Soluţia constă în aplicarea pe spatele panourilor fotovoltaice a unui sistem de ră datorat incălzirii celulelor fotovoltaice. Soluţia constă în aplicarea pe spatele panourilor fotovoltaice a unui sistem de ră datorat incălzirii celulelor fotovoltaice. Soluţia constă în aplicarea pe spatele panourilor fotovoltaice a unui sistem de ră datorat incălzirii celulelor fotovoltaice. Soluţia constă în aplicarea pe spatele panourilor fotovoltaice a unui sistem de răcire cire cire cire cu a cu a cu a cu apă pă pă pă. Funcţio Funcţio Funcţio Funcţionarea automată narea automată narea automată narea automată sistem sistem sistem sistemului ului ului ului de răcire va conduce l de răcire va conduce l de răcire va conduce l de răcire va conduce la creştere eficienţei panourilor a creştere eficienţei panourilor a creştere eficienţei panourilor a creştere eficienţei panourilor fotovoltaic fotovoltaic fotovoltaic fotovoltaice şi reducerea şi reducerea şi reducerea şi reducerea consumului de energie consumului de energie consumului de energie consumului de energie. Cuvinte cheie: Cuvinte cheie: Cuvinte cheie: Cuvinte cheie: sistem de răcire, automatizare, panou fotovoltaic, microcontroler, senzor de temperatură ABSTRAC ABSTRAC ABSTRAC ABSTRACT. T. T. T. The paper presents a solution focused on increasing efficiency The paper presents a solution focused on increasing efficiency The paper presents a solution focused on increasing efficiency The paper presents a solution focused on increasing efficiency of photovoltaic panel of photovoltaic panel of photovoltaic panel of photovoltaic panel by reducing losses due to by reducing losses due to by reducing losses due to by reducing losses due to warming photovoltaic cells. The solution consists in a water cooling system applied to the back of photovoltaic warming photovoltaic cells. The solution consists in a water cooling system applied to the back of photovoltaic warming photovoltaic cells. The solution consists in a water cooling system applied to the back of photovoltaic warming photovoltaic cells. The solution consists in a water cooling system applied to the back of photovoltaic panels panels panels panels. Automatic operation of Automatic operation of Automatic operation of Automatic operation of the cooling system will lead to increased efficiency of solar panels and reduce energy consumption the cooling system will lead to increased efficiency of solar panels and reduce energy consumption the cooling system will lead to increased efficiency of solar panels and reduce energy consumption the cooling system will lead to increased efficiency of solar panels and reduce energy consumption Keywords: Keywords: Keywords: Keywords: cooling system, automation, photovoltaic panel, microcontroller, temperature sensor 1. INTRODUCTION Crystalline silicon currently offers a yield of 15-16% and some studies consider that its limits would be reached approximately 25% under laboratory conditions [2]. Although other materials such as Ga, offering a yield of 30%, prohibitive price makes them suitable only for space applications. Recently, researchers of U.S. universities have announced that was obtained a photocell with a yield of 60%. It's a big step towards the upper limits of efficiency photovoltaic cells [5]. Very complex technology and materials used do remain only the state of laboratory. Therefore, in the next decade, nothing seems to threaten the supremacy of silicon. Recently more and more companies have been able to increase the yield offered by solar cells based on silicon. In March 2003, BP Solar announced an efficiency of 18.3%, while Sanyo has already put on the market a cell with an efficiency of 19.5% [4]. Overheating of a PV module decreases performance of output power by 0.4-0.5% per 1°C over its rated temperature (which in most cases is 25 degrees C). This is why the concept of "cooling of PV" has become so important [1]. To reduce this phenomenon can be applied on the back to panel a cooling water system, which can provide hot water for domestic applications [1]. 2. COOLING SYSTEM OF PHOTOVOLTAIC PANEL The PV panel made in the present study comprises a commercial PV module and a cooling system (figure 1). A USP 150 mono, crystalline solar PV module (1600 mm x 800 mm) (rated 150Wp, 42 V peak voltage) was adopted to be combined with a water cooling system. The cooling system adheres to the back of the commercial PV module. Thermal grease was used between the plate and the PV module. For better contact. Below the heat collecting plate, a PU thermal insulation layer is attached using a fixing frame. Fig. 1. Section of cooling system The experimental system was built using the PV module and cooling system combined with a water storage tank (Figure 2). To enhance the heat transfer of cooling system, we installed a DC pump to circulate the water from the tank through the cooling system. Buletinul AGIR nr. 4/2012 ● octombrie-decembrie _____________________________________________________________________________________ 113
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AUTOMATIC SYSTEM FOR COOLING OF PHOTOVOLTAIC PANEL
Buletinul AGIR nr. 4/2012 ● octombrie-decembrie 1
AUTOMATIC SYSTEM FOAUTOMATIC SYSTEM FOAUTOMATIC SYSTEM FOAUTOMATIC SYSTEM FOR COOLING OF PHOTOVOR COOLING OF PHOTOVOR COOLING OF PHOTOVOR COOLING OF PHOTOVOLTAIC LTAIC LTAIC LTAIC PANELPANELPANELPANEL
As.Eng. Ionel-Laurentiu ALBOTEANU PhD1, Prof. Eng. Gheorghe MANOLEA PhD
1,
Eng. Alexandru NOVAC PhD2, Eng.Constantin ŞULEA
1University of Craiova, Faculty of Electrical Engineering
2S.C. PROMAT S.A.
RRRREZUMAT. EZUMAT. EZUMAT. EZUMAT. lucrarea prezintălucrarea prezintălucrarea prezintălucrarea prezintă o soluţie cu privire la creşterea eficienţei panourilor fotovoltaice prin reducerea pierderilor o soluţie cu privire la creşterea eficienţei panourilor fotovoltaice prin reducerea pierderilor o soluţie cu privire la creşterea eficienţei panourilor fotovoltaice prin reducerea pierderilor o soluţie cu privire la creşterea eficienţei panourilor fotovoltaice prin reducerea pierderilor datorat incălzirii celulelor fotovoltaice. Soluţia constă în aplicarea pe spatele panourilor fotovoltaice a unui sistem de rădatorat incălzirii celulelor fotovoltaice. Soluţia constă în aplicarea pe spatele panourilor fotovoltaice a unui sistem de rădatorat incălzirii celulelor fotovoltaice. Soluţia constă în aplicarea pe spatele panourilor fotovoltaice a unui sistem de rădatorat incălzirii celulelor fotovoltaice. Soluţia constă în aplicarea pe spatele panourilor fotovoltaice a unui sistem de răcire cire cire cire cu acu acu acu apăpăpăpă.... FuncţioFuncţioFuncţioFuncţionarea automată narea automată narea automată narea automată sistemsistemsistemsistemuluiuluiuluiului de răcire va conduce lde răcire va conduce lde răcire va conduce lde răcire va conduce la creştere eficienţei panourilora creştere eficienţei panourilora creştere eficienţei panourilora creştere eficienţei panourilor fotovoltaicfotovoltaicfotovoltaicfotovoltaiceeee şi reducerea şi reducerea şi reducerea şi reducerea consumului de energieconsumului de energieconsumului de energieconsumului de energie.... Cuvinte cheie:Cuvinte cheie:Cuvinte cheie:Cuvinte cheie: sistem de răcire, automatizare, panou fotovoltaic, microcontroler, senzor de temperatură ABSTRACABSTRACABSTRACABSTRACT.T.T.T. The paper presents a solution focused on increasing efficiency The paper presents a solution focused on increasing efficiency The paper presents a solution focused on increasing efficiency The paper presents a solution focused on increasing efficiency of photovoltaic panelof photovoltaic panelof photovoltaic panelof photovoltaic panel by reducing losses due to by reducing losses due to by reducing losses due to by reducing losses due to
warming photovoltaic cells. The solution consists in a water cooling system applied to the back of photovoltaicwarming photovoltaic cells. The solution consists in a water cooling system applied to the back of photovoltaicwarming photovoltaic cells. The solution consists in a water cooling system applied to the back of photovoltaicwarming photovoltaic cells. The solution consists in a water cooling system applied to the back of photovoltaic panelspanelspanelspanels.... Automatic operation ofAutomatic operation ofAutomatic operation ofAutomatic operation of the cooling system will lead to increased efficiency of solar panels and reduce energy consumptionthe cooling system will lead to increased efficiency of solar panels and reduce energy consumptionthe cooling system will lead to increased efficiency of solar panels and reduce energy consumptionthe cooling system will lead to increased efficiency of solar panels and reduce energy consumption Keywords:Keywords:Keywords:Keywords: cooling system, automation, photovoltaic panel, microcontroller, temperature sensor
1. INTRODUCTION
Crystalline silicon currently offers a yield of 15-16%
and some studies consider that its limits would be
reached approximately 25% under laboratory conditions
[2]. Although other materials such as Ga, offering a
yield of 30%, prohibitive price makes them suitable
only for space applications. Recently, researchers of
U.S. universities have announced that was obtained a
photocell with a yield of 60%. It's a big step towards the
upper limits of efficiency photovoltaic cells [5]. Very
complex technology and materials used do remain only
the state of laboratory. Therefore, in the next decade,
nothing seems to threaten the supremacy of silicon.
Recently more and more companies have been able to
increase the yield offered by solar cells based on
silicon. In March 2003, BP Solar announced an
efficiency of 18.3%, while Sanyo has already put on the
market a cell with an efficiency of 19.5% [4].
Overheating of a PV module decreases performance
of output power by 0.4-0.5% per 1°C over its rated
temperature (which in most cases is 25 degrees C). This
is why the concept of "cooling of PV" has become so
important [1].
To reduce this phenomenon can be applied on the
back to panel a cooling water system, which can
provide hot water for domestic applications [1].
2. COOLING SYSTEM OF PHOTOVOLTAIC PANEL
The PV panel made in the present study comprises a
commercial PV module and a cooling system (figure 1).
A USP 150 mono, crystalline solar PV module (1600
mm x 800 mm) (rated 150Wp, 42 V peak voltage) was
adopted to be combined with a water cooling system.
The cooling system adheres to the back of the
commercial PV module. Thermal grease was used
between the plate and the PV module. For better
contact. Below the heat collecting plate, a PU thermal
insulation layer is attached using a fixing frame.
Fig. 1. Section of cooling system
The experimental system was built using the PV
module and cooling system combined with a water
storage tank (Figure 2). To enhance the heat transfer of
cooling system, we installed a DC pump to circulate the
water from the tank through the cooling system.
Buletinul AGIR nr. 4/2012 ● octombrie-decembrie_____________________________________________________________________________________
113
NATIONAL CONFERENCE OF ELECTRICAL DRIVES – CNAE 2012
Buletinul AGIR nr. 4/2012 ● octombrie-decembrie 2
For a solar water heater, there exists a critical inlet
water temperature that is proportional to the ambient
temperature, the solar radiation intensity, and the
thermal parameters of the cooling system
Ensuring water circulation pump is controlled by a
microcontroller that collects information on the panel
temperature by two temperature sensors mounted on it.
Fig. 2. Structure of PV system
3. AUTOMATON SYSTEM OF TEMPERATURE CONTROL
The system designed for a monitoring of the
temperature is a module system made by the Center of
Innovation and Technological Transfer C.I.T.T.
Craiova, [3],[8],[9]. The automaton can measure six
values of temperature in different points (fig. no.3).
There are available values of temperature and humidity
inside it, which are almost equal with the values around
it.
Fig. 3. Automaton for monitoring the temperature
There are presented the temperatures T1… T6 from
the electrical cell. T7 and U it represents the
temperature and the humidity from the vicinity of the
equipment (the sensor is placed inside the equipment).
The temperature values are between –50 +125
Celsius. If the information is not correct, then the
message « ---« appears on the screen. The values for
humidity are between 0…100 %.
If the information for humidity is not available then
the message « ---« appears on the screen.
The equipment, which can be purchased in eight
different sizes, allows the setting of several important
parameters. As a result there can be set:
- XY device address where X, Y∈{0, 1, 2,…, 9, A,
B, C, D, E, F};
- start address of the XYZW data where X, Y, Z,
W∈{0, 1, 2,…, 9, A, B, C, D, E, F}. It is
recommended not to use an address placed near FFFF
in order to avoid the overstepping of the presentation
format. The data is represented by the succession of
T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, U. The start address of the
data is the address of the T1 temperature;
- the speed of the serial: 4 800, 9 600, 19 200
bits/s ;
- the parity ODD, EVEN or NONE ;
- the highest temperature that activate the signaling