Autoimmune

AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES

GROUP 6DR. TABUCO

AUTOIMMUNITY

• is often caused by a lack of germ development of a target body and as such the immune response acts against its own cells and tissues.

• is the failure of an organism in recognizing its own constituent parts as self, which allows an immune response against its own cells and tissues.

AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE• Any disease that results from such an

aberrant immune response

• Prominent examples include Coeliac disease, diabetes mellitus type 1 (IDDM), Sarcoidosis, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), Sjögren's syndrome, Churg-Strauss Syndrome, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, Graves' disease, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, Addison's Disease, rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and allergies.

SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS (SLE)

•

• SLE most often harms the heart, joints, skin, lungs, blood vessels, liver, kidneys, and nervous system.

(Libman-Sacks disease) - a disease, that is characterized by immune-complex affect predominantly of connective tissue and its derivatives, with the affect of microvasculature vessels. This is systemic autoimmune disease in which the antibodies produced by human immune system damages the DNA of own healthy cells.

SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS (SLE)

• Peak age of 15-25• photosensitive skin eruption, serositis,

pneumonitis, myocarditis, nephritis, CNS involvement.

• disease occurs nine times more often in women than in men.

• Muscle pain• Arthritis-like pain in one or more joints (but no or

little joint damage)• Red rash, particularly one resembling a butterfly

across the nose and cheeks• Fever• Persistent fatigue• Sensitivity to ultraviolet light• Hair loss

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Dermatitis

Kidney disease

is a frequent occurrence in those with systemic lupus. Lupus causes glomerulonephritis, a condition that affects the kidney's ability to filter toxins, leading to kidney failure. Kidney involvement occurs more frequently in childhood onset compared to adult onset. Damage to other organs and tissues, such as the heart and central nervous system, can lead to complications including seizures, depression, psychoses or headaches, blood clots leading to strokes, and pulmonary embolisms.

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

(Peripheral Blood Smear)

TREATMENT

• people with SLE should get sufficient rest, exercise, and should minimize stress and avoid exposure to ultraviolet light.

• nonsteroidal anti-inflamatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen or naproxen, antimalarial drugs, and corticosteroids.

• In more aggressive cases, immunosuppressive drugs may be used.

• People should work closely with their doctor and with a rheumatologist (a specialist in autoimmune disorders) to develop a treatment plan that is effective for them.

MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a disease in which the nerves of the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) degenerate. Myelin, which provides a covering or insulation for nerves, improves the conduction of impulses along the nerves and also is important for maintaining the health of the nerves. In multiple sclerosis, inflammation causes the myelin to disappear.

MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS - BRAIN

Sjogren Syndrome• An autoimmune d/o characterized by

keratoconjunctivitis sicca (dry eyes) and xerostomia (dry mouth) in the absence of other CT disease.

• Primary SS is the 2nd most common CT d/o after SLE and affects up to 3% of the population.

• A chronic d/o characterized by immune-mediated destruction of exocrine gland

Sjogren Syndrome contd

• 80% experience xerostomia• Diffulty chewing, dysphagia, taste changes,

fissures of tongue & lips, increased dental caries and oral candidiasis

• Salivary gland enlargement• Sicca Syndrome (xerostomia &

keratoconjunctivitis alone)

Sjogren Syndrome

END