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AutoCAD 2011 Preview Guide
Power your design projects from concept through completion with AutoCAD 2011 software. Your ideas can
take shape with greater clarity and accuracy than ever before, thanks to new surface modeling tools and point
cloud support. New inferred constraints capabilities make working with parametrics easier, and updated
productivity tools help you deliver final design documentation faster than ever. And major updates to
materials and surfaces help you communicate design intent with the impact you demand. With these and
many other new capabilities youve been asking for, AutoCAD 2011 helps you take design and documentation
further.
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TableofContentsUserInterface............................................................................................................................................... 4
DrawingWindow.................................................................................................................................... 4
QuickAccessToolbar.............................................................................................................................. 4
Navigation.............................................................................................................................................. 5
UCSIconand3DGizmos........................................................................................................................ 6
TheRibbon.............................................................................................................................................. 7
VisualStyles............................................................................................................................................ 9
ObjectVisibility....................................................................................................................................... 9
ObjectSelection................................................................................................................................... 10
ObjectCreation.................................................................................................................................... 13
ActionRecorder
....................................................................................................................................
13
Document................................................................................................................................................... 14
ParametricConstraints......................................................................................................................... 14
GeometricConstraints................................................................................................................... 14
DimensionalConstraints................................................................................................................ 18
Transparency........................................................................................................................................ 19
HatchesandGradients......................................................................................................................... 22
Polylines................................................................................................................................................ 25
Splines................................................................................................................................................... 26
ExternalReferences.............................................................................................................................. 27
ScaleLists.............................................................................................................................................. 28
MissingSHXandFontFiles................................................................................................................... 30
TextAlignmentinLinetypes................................................................................................................. 31
Figure62.ExamleLinetypeDefinition.................................................................................................. 31
Explore........................................................................................................................................................ 31
3DModeling
Workspaces
.....................................................................................................................
31
3DObjectSnaps................................................................................................................................... 32
SolidModeling...................................................................................................................................... 32
SurfaceModeling.................................................................................................................................. 33
SurfaceCreationTools................................................................................................................... 33
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SurfaceEditingTools...................................................................................................................... 35
AnalysisTools................................................................................................................................. 37
ConsistentMaterials............................................................................................................................. 38
MeshModeling..................................................................................................................................... 40
PointClouds.......................................................................................................................................... 41
LearningResources..................................................................................................................................... 43
NewFeaturesWorkshop...................................................................................................................... 43
OnlineHelpSystem.............................................................................................................................. 43
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UserInterfaceAutoCAD2011offersavarietyofuserinterfaceenhancementsthatallowyoutodesignwithgreater
easeandefficiency.
Drawing WindowThedrawingwindowhasbeenupdatedinAutoCAD2011todisplayadarkgraybackgroundinmodelspace.
YoucaneasilymodifythedrawingwindowcolorfromtheDisplaytaboftheOptionsdialogbox.
Thetraditionaldotgridhasbeenreplacedwithhorizontalandverticalgridlinestomoreclosely
representengineeringgraphpaper.Whenthegridisenabled,redandgreenlinesextendfromtheUCS
icontorepresenttheXandYaxesoftheorigin.
Figure1.AutoCAD2011drawingwindow
Quick Access ToolbarTheQuickAccesstoolbardisplaysthenameofthecurrentworkspace.Youcaneasilyselectadifferent
workspaceandaccessotherworkspacetools.Inaddition,thedefaultQuickAccesstoolbarnowincludes
boththeSaveandtheSaveAstools.
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Figure2.Workspacemenu
NavigationAutoCAD2011includesanewNavigationbarwithfrequentlyusednavigationtools,includingAutodesk
SteeringWheels,ViewCube,andShowMotion,aswellasPan,Zoom,andOrbit.Itreplacesthe
navigationtoolsthatwerepreviouslyaccessibleontheStatusbar.Youcancontrolthedisplayofthe
NavigationbarforindividualworkspacesviaapropertyintheCUIdialogbox.
Figure3.CUINavigationbarproperty
TheNavigationbarprovidesintegratedsupportfor3DConnexiondeviceswhenthe3DConnexion
systemdriverispresent.
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Figure4.3DConnexionsettings
TheViewCubehasbeenenhancedtosupportthe2Dwireframevisualstyle,enablingyoutoeasily
changeyourviewpoint.Theclockwiseandcounterclockwisecontrolsareparticularlyusefulforrotating
theviewpointonthe2Dplane.
Figure5.ViewCubenavigation
TheSteeringWheelsSettingsdialogboxhasbeenupdatedforclarityandconsistency.
UCS Icon and 3D GizmosTheUCSiconhasbeenupdatedtodisplayadifferentcolorforeachaxis:Xforred,Yforgreen,andZfor
blue.Inaddition,theappearanceof3Dgizmoshasbeenupdatedforclarityandconsistency.
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Figure6.
UCS
icon
and
3D
gizmos
The RibbonAnewpulldownmenuhasbeenaddedtotheribboncyclebuttonattheendofthelistoftabs.Youcan
minimizetheribbontopanelbuttons,tabs,orpaneltitles.
Figure7.Ribboncycleoptions
Whenyouminimizetheribbontopanelbuttons,largeiconsappearforeachpanel.Hoveringoverthe
buttoncausesthepaneltoexpand,similartothebehavioryouseewhentheribbonisminimizedto
paneltitles.
Figure8.Ribbonpanelbuttons
TheInserttabincludesaPointCloudpaneltosupportthenewPointCloudfunctionality.Inaddition,a
newContentpanelprovideseasyaccesstoDesignCenterandAutodeskSeekwebservice.Autodesk
SeekhasbeenremovedfromtheOutputtab.
Figure9.Inserttab
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TheViewtabhasbeenupdatedtoincludetheVisualStylespanel,providingyouwitheasyaccessto
predefinedvisualstyles,theVisualStylesManager,andothervisualstylescontrols.TheWindowspanel
includesnewUserInterfaceandToolbarcontrolsthatenableyoutoeasilytogglethedisplayofvarious
userinterfaceelements,includingAutodeskViewCubeandShowMotionnavigationwidgets,the
Navigationbar,andtheTextwindow.TheStatusbarcontrols,whichhavebeenremovedfromthe
Windowspanel,
are
still
easily
accessible
from
the
Status
bar.
Figure10.Viewtab
CustomizableribbonfunctionalityintheCustomizeUserInterfacedialogboxhasbeenenhancedto
includenewFoldpanels.AsyouchangethesizeofyourAutoCADwindoworaddandremovepanels
fromatab,Foldpanelsresizehorizontallytofilltheavailablespace.Foldpanelpropertiesenableyouto
specify
default,
maximium,
and
minimum
button
sizes.
Figure11.CUIRibbonFoldPanel.
Forexample,theFoldpaneldefinedabovecouldhavethefollowingdefault,maximum,andminimum
appearances.
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Figure12.
Example
Fold
panel
Visual StylesAutoCAD2011providesfivenewpredefinedvisualstylesincluding:Shaded,ShadedwithEdges,Shades
ofGray,Sketchy,andXRay.Withthemostcommoncombinationsofvisualstylepropertiesrightatyour
fingertips,visualstylesareeasiertousethanever.
Figure13.
Visual
styles
Object VisibilityAutoCAD2011includesnewtoolsthatenableyoutocontrolobjectvisibilityindependentfromlayer
visibility.TheObjectVisibilitytoolsareaccessiblefromtherightclickmenuwhenobjectsareselectedas
wellaswhennoobjectsareselected.WhenyouusetheIsolateObjectstool,onlytheselectedobjects
remainvisibleinthedrawing.Allotherobjectsarehidden.
Figure14.Isolatedobjects
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Alternatively,whenyouusetheHideObjectstool,theselectedobjectsarehidden.
Figure15.Hiddenobjects
YoucanuseacombinationoftheIsolateObjectsandHideObjectstoolstoefficientlydisplayonlythe
objectsthatarerelevanttoyourcurrenttask.Forexample,youmightusetheIsolateObjectstoolto
select
an
area
of
the
drawing
you
want
to
edit
and
then
use
the
Hide
Objects
tool
to
hide
additional
objectswithinthatarea.Aftercompletingyourtask,youcanquicklyrestorethehiddenobjectsusing
theEndObjectIsolationtool.
Figure16.EndObjectIsolationtool
TheOBJECTISOLATIONMODEsystemvariablecontrolswhetherisolated/hiddenobjectspersistbetween
drawingsessions.Alightbulbicononthestatusbarindicateswhetherobjectisolationisactiveinthe
drawing.
Figure17.
Object
Isolation
status
icon
Inadditiontotheobviousbenefitsobjectvisibilitycontrolsofferfor2Ddesign,theyrejustasvaluable
for3Dmodeling.
Object Selection
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ThenewSelectSimilartoolenablesyoutoselectanobjectandautomaticallyincludeallotherobjectsof
thesametypeandwiththesameproperties,inanewselectionset.Youcanaccessitfromtherightclick
menuwhenobjectsareselected.
Figure18.
Select
Similar
tool
ASettingsoption(accessiblewhenyouenterSELECTSIMILARatthecommandline)enablesyouto
specifywhichpropertiestofilter. IfonlytheLayerpropertyisenabledwhenyouselectacircle,for
example,AutoCADautomaticallyselectsallcirclesonthesamelayerastheoneyouselected.Ifboththe
LayerandLinetypepropertiesareenabled,however,AutoCADselectsonlythecirclesonthesamelayer
andwiththesamelinetypeastheselectedone.
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Figure19.SelectSimilarSettingsdialogbox
TheSelectSimilartoolalsoenablesyoutoselectmorethanoneobjectandcreatethematching
selectionsetaccordingly.Forexample,iftheLayerfilterisenabledandyouselecttwocircles,eachon
differentlayers,AutoCADselectsallthecirclesonbothlayers.If,instead,youselectacircleandaline,
AutoCADselectsallthecirclesonthesamelayerastheselectedcircleandallthelinesonthesamelayer
astheselectedline.Inadditiontogeneralobjectproperties,youcanfilterselectionsbasedonobject
specificproperties,includingobjectstyleandreferencename.ObjectStylepropertiesapplytotextand
mtext,leadersandmleaders,dimensionsandtolerances,andtablesandmultilines.Referencenames
applytoblocksandexternallyreferencedfiles,includingxrefsandimagesaswellasPDF,DWG,or
DGNfiles.
Inaddition
to
the
new
Select
Similar
tool,
anew
option
has
been
added
to
the
PICKADD
system
variable.
WhenPICKADDissettoavalueof2(asitisnowbydefault),objectsthatyouselectusingtheSELECT
commandremainselectedinapickfirststateevenafteryouendtheSELECTcommand.
Easilyselectoverlappingobjectsusingthenewselectioncyclingfunctionality.Youcanenableselection
cyclingfromacontrolontheStatusbar.Whenyoutrytoselectanobjectthatoverlapsotherobjects,
AutoCADdisplaysalistofalltheoverlappingobjects.Asyoupassthecursoroveranobjectinthelist,
therelevantobjectinthedrawinghighlights.
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Figure20.Selectioncyclingtool
Object CreationThenewAddSelectedtoolenablesyoutoquicklycreateanewobjectinyourdrawingbasedonthe
propertiesofanexistingobject.Forexample,ifyouusetheAddSelectedtoolandselectapolyline,AutoCAD
automaticallylaunches
the
PLINE
command
with
basic
object
properties
including
color,
layer,
linetype,
linetypescale,plotstyle,lineweight,transparency,andmaterialpresettomatchtheselectedobject.
Figure21.AddSelectedtoolAction RecorderTheActionMacroenablesyoutodeleteorinsertusermessagesforViewChangeoperations.
Figure22.ViewChangeeditingtools
Themacrolistdisplaysthemostrecentlyusedmacrosabovetheseparationbarandallavailablemacros
belowit.
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Figure23.ActionmacrolistDocumentAutoCADissynonymouswithdocumentationforgoodreason.Powerfuldocumentationtoolsin
AutoCAD2011helpyouworkevenfasterwithautomation,management,andeditingtoolsthat
minimizerepetitivetasksandspeedyourtimetocompletion.Nomatteryourprojectssizeorscope,
youcan
meet
the
challenge
with
AutoCADcontinuously
leading
and
innovating
documentation
for
over25years.
Parametric ConstraintsThe2DparametricfunctionalityhasbeenenhancedinAutoCAD2011,andincludespredefined
commandmacrostoaccessoptionswithinintheGEOMCONSTRAINTandDIMCONSTRAINTcommands.
Forexample,insteadoflaunchingtheGEOMCONSTRAINTcommandandthenselectingthe
Perpendicularoption,youcanlaunchtheGCPERPENDICULARcommanddirectly.Repeatingthelast
commandautomaticallyrepeatsthelastcommandaswellasthespecificoption.
Object
highlighting
when
you
roll
over
an
icon
on
a
constraint
bar
or
when
you
select
a
parameter
in
the
ParametersmanagersupportstheVisualEffectssettingsyouspecifyontheSelectiontaboftheOptions
dialogbox(dashedandthickenedbydefault).Additionalimprovementstogeometricanddimensional
constraintfunctionalityenableyoutocreateandeditparametricallyconstrainedgeometryfasterthan
everbefore.
GeometricConstraintsAutoCAD2011significantlysimplifiestheprocessofaddinggeometricconstraintsto2DAutoCAD
geometry.AutoCADcaninfergeometricconstraintsasyoucreateandmodifygeometry.AnewInfer
Constraintbuttononthestatusbarenablesyoutotoggleinferredconstraintsonandoffsimilarto
togglingobjectsnapsonandoff.ThistoggleisalsoavailableontheGeometrictaboftheConstraint
Settingsdialogbox.
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Figure24.InferConstraintstool
UsinginferredconstraintsautomaticallyappliescoincidentconstraintsforEndpoint,Midpoint,Center,
Node,andInsertionobjectssnaps.Forexample,ifyoudrawacirclebysnappingitscentertothe
midpointofaline,AutoCADautomaticallyappliesacoincidentconstraintbetweenthecenterofthe
circleandthemidpointoftheline.Ifyoumovethecircle,thelinegoeswithit.Thesamepowerful
functionalityappliestoeditingcommands.If,forexample,youcopytheinsertionofablocktothe
endpointofaline,AutoCADautomaticallyappliesacoincidentconstraintbetweenthosetwopoints.
Whenyoumovetheline,theblockmaintainsitspositionattheendpointoftheline.
Figure25.Editingwithinferredconstraints
Inadditiontocreatingpointtopointcoincidentconstraintswiththepreviouslymentionedobjectsnaps,
youcanusetheNearestobjectsnaptoapplyacoincidentconstraintbetweenapointandanobject.For
example,ifyoudrawthecenterofacircleonalineusingtheNearestobjectsnap,thecenterofthe
circlehastheflexibilityofmovinganywherealongthelineincludingthevirtualextensionoftheline.
Figure26.Nearestobjectsnapwithinferredconstraints
ThePerpendicularandTangentobjectsnapsautomaticallyapplyperpendicularortangentconstraints
betweentheobjectbeingcreatedoreditedandtheobjectbeingsnappedto.Theyalsoapplyapointto
pointorpointtoobjectcoincidentconstraintifappropriate.UsingtheParallelobjectsnapautomatically
appliesaparallelconstraintbutnocoincidentconstraintsareappliedsince,bydefinition,thetwo
objectsneverintersect.Whenyoudrawhorizontalorverticallinesandpolylinesegments,inferred
horizontalandverticalconstraintsautomaticallyapplytothosesegments.
Inferredconstraintsenhancethebehaviorofrectangles,fillets,andchamfersbyautomaticallyapplying
appropriategeometricconstraints.Forexample,ifyoudrawarectangle(usingtheRECTANGcommand),
AutoCADautomaticallyappliesapairofparallelconstraintsandaperpendicularconstrainttotheclosed
polyline.Whenyoumodifythesizeandshapeoftherectangle,youcanrestassuredthatitwillremaina
rectanglewithparallelsidesandperpendicularcorners.Creatingafilletautomaticallyappliescoincident
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andtangentconstraintsbetweenthenewlycreatedarcandtheexistingpairoflineshelpingmaintain
thefilletevenwhenthearcorlinesaremodified.Similarly,creatingachamferappliescoincident
constraintsbetweenthenewlycreatedlineandtheexistingpairoflines.
Figure27.Filletsandchamferswithinferredconstraints
Evenafteryouveappliedconstraints,youcantemporarilyrelaxthembypressingtheCTRLkeywhile
editingconstrainedobjects.
AutoCAD2011improvesthesupportofgeometricconstraintsforellipsesandtext.Youcannowapply
Parallel,Perpendicular,Collinear,Horizontal,andVerticalconstraintsbetweenthemajororminoraxes
ofanellipseandotherobjects.
Figure28.Constraininganellipse
Similarly,youcanapplyParallel,Perpendicular,Collinear,Horizontal,andVerticalconstraintstothe
rotationangleoftextobjects.Inaddition,textandmtextobjectsbehaveconsistentlyandpredictably,
withtheidentifiedinsertionpointoftheobjectbeingtheconstrainablepoint.
Figure29.Constrainingtext
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TheAutoConstrainfunctionalityinAutoCAD2011hasbeenupdatedtoincludetheEqualconstraint.
WhenyouuseAutoConstrainwiththeEqualoptionenabled,theEqualconstraintisautomatically
appliedtolinesandpolylinesegmentsofequallengthandarcsand/orcirclesofequalradius.
Constraintbarsareenhancedtoprovidemorecontrolandflexibility.Youcanselectmultipleobjectsfor
showingor
hiding
constraint
bars
using
standard
selection
methods,
including
Window,
Crossing,
Fence,
andImpliedWindow/Crossing.Quicklydisplayallconstraintbarsintheiroriginalpositionusingthenew
Resetoption. And,anewsettingintheGeometrictaboftheConstraintSettingsdialogsenablesyouto
showconstraintbarswhenobjectsareselectedevenifthoseconstraintbarsarecurrentlyhidden.When
thegeometryisnolongerselected,thetemporarilydisplayedconstraintbarsare,onceagain,hidden.
Whenyoumoveaconstraintbarandthenedittherelatedgeometry,theconstraintbarmaintainsits
positionrelativetothegeometry.
Figure30.GeometricConstraintsettings
ThenewconstrainticonsforFix,Horizontal,andVerticalconstraintsvisuallyindicatewhethertheyapply
toanobjectortoapoint.Thesymmetricconstrainticonisalsoupdatedtoindicatewhetheritis
identifyingasymmetricalpointorobject,orthesymmetricline.
Constraint Icons Description
Fix Differenticonsforfixpointandfixobjectconstraints
Horizontal Differenticonsforfixpointandfixobjectconstraints
Vertical Differenticonsforfixpointandfixobjectconstraints
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Symmetric Differenticonsforsymmetricalpoint,object,andsymmetryline
DimensionalConstraintsTheDIMCONSTRAINTcommandincludesanewConvertoptiontoconvertassociativedimensionsto
dimensionalconstraints
rather
than
it
being
the
default
behavior.
Figure31.DIMCONSTRAINToptions
Whenenteringdimensionalconstraintvaluesinplace,youcanclickonanexistingdimensional
constrainttoinserttheconstraintname.Whendynamicdimensionalconstraintsreferenceanother
parameter,theparametertextisprependedwithfx:tohelppreventyoufromaccidentallyassigninga
constantvaluetoaparameterthatreferencesothervariables.
Figure32.Dimensionalconstraints
NewtoolsontheDimensionalPaneloftheParametrictabprovideyouwithmorecontroloverthe
displayofdimensionalconstraints.UsingtheShow/Hidetoolyoucanselectthespecificdimensional
constraintsyouwanttoshoworhide.
Figure
33.
Dimensional
constraint
visibility
tools
TheParametersManagerofferssignificantimprovementsinAutoCAD2011.ItincludesanewFilters
panewhereyoucandefineparametergroupsthatdisplayasubsetoftheparameters.Createnewfilter
groupsusingthebuttonatthetopoftheParametersManagerorbyselectingtheoptionfromtheright
clickmenu.Withyourfiltergroupscreated,youcanthendragparametersintothem.Therightclick
menuforparametersintheParametersManagerisupdatedwithadditionaloptionsincludingtheability
todisplaytheFiltertreeandtoremoveparametersfromagroup.
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Figure
34.
Parameter
group
filters
Anewsearchboxfilterstheparametersdisplayedinthegridcontrolbasedontheparametername.
Columntooltipsdisplaythefullnameofthecolumnaswellasadescription.
AdditionalenhancementstotheParametersManagersimplifytheterminologyfordimensional
constraintsanduservariablescreatedinthedrawingeditorversustheblockeditor.TheShowcolumnin
theBlockEditorincludesanewoptiontoconvertbetweendimensionalconstraintparametersoruser
parametersdefinedinthedrawingeditorversustheblockeditor.IntheBlockEditor,iconsaredisplayed
foractionparameters,attributes,anduserparameters.
TransparencyAutoCAD2011includesanewtransparencypropertythatenablesyoutoapplytransparencytoobjects
andlayersinthesamewayyouapplycolors,linetypes,andlineweights.
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Figure35.
Transparent
objects
Youcansettransparencybylayer,byblock,orindividuallyforanobject.Thedefaulttransparencyvalue
forlayersandobjectsis0,andyoucansetitashighas90.
TheLayerPropertiesManager(paletteanddialog),theLayerStatesManager,theLayerFilterdialog,
andtheLayerTranslatorhaveallbeenupdatedtoreflectthenewtransparencyproperty.IntheLayer
PropertiesManager,anewcolumnforTransparencyisavailableinmodelspaceandlayouts,anda
columnforViewport(VP)Transparencyisavailableinlayoutsandfloatingmodelspaceviewports.
Figure36.
Layer
Transparancy
options
Youcansettransparencyforindividualobjectsjustlikecolorandlinetype.Settingatransparencyvalue
foranindividualobjectoverridesthelayertransparencysettingforthatobject.Youcanaccessobject
transparencyfromanumberofplaces:thePropertiespalette,QuickProperties,ortheribbon.Thenew
CETRANSPARENCYsystemvariablesetsthetransparencypropertyfornewobjects.
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Figure37.ObjectTransparancyoptions
TheSetByLayerSettingsdialoghasbeenupdatedtoincludeTransparencyasoneoftheavailable
properties.
Figure38.SetByLayersettings
TransparencyhasalsobeenaddedtotheQuickSelect,Filter,andMatchPropertySettingsdialogsas
wellastheCHPROP,CHANGE, LAYER,VPLAYER,andLISTcommands.
Figure39.Propertysettings
Abuttonhasbeenaddedtothestatusbartoenableyoutotemporarilyturnofftransparencydisplay
(TRANSPARENCYDISPLAYsystemvariable),similartothebehaviorofthelineweightdisplaybutton.This
doesnotaffectplotting.However,youhavetheoptiontoturnofftransparencywhenplotting.ThePlot
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andPageSetupdialogsbothincludeacheckboxfortransparency(PLOTTRANSPARENCY),similartothe
behaviorforplotstyles.Whenthisoptionisenabled,AutoCADrasterizestheentiredrawingforplotting,
slowingdowntheplottingprocess.
Figure40.Plottransparency
Priorto
AutoCAD
2011,
images
had
asetting,
also
called
transparency,
that
controlled
whether
the
backgroundofabitonalimagewasclearoropaque.Thispropertyhasbeenrenamedtobackground
transparencytodistinguishitfromthenewtransparencyproperty.Youcanapplybothbackground
andobjecttransparenciestoimagesinAutoCAD2011.
Hatches and GradientsTheHatchtoolisstreamlinedinAutoCAD2011forfastercreationandeditingofhatchobjects.Itnow
immediatelypromptsyoutoselectaninternalpointwithoutdisplayingtheHatchdialogbox.Instead,
thenewHatchCreationcontextualtabprovideseasyaccesstoallhatchandgradientoptions.
Figure41.HatchCreationtab
AHatchEditorcontextualribbondisplayssimilarhatchtoolswhenyouselectanexistinghatch.
Figure42.HatchEditingribbontab
TheHatchPreviewfunctionforthepickpointsmethodhasbeenimproved.Now,passingyourcursor
overaneligibleareashowsyouwhatthehatchwouldlooklikeifyouclickedthere.
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Figure43.Hatchpreview
Youcanalsoseetheresultofeachclickasyoupickpointsorobjectsinthedrawing.Keepinmindthat
eventhoughitlooksasthoughahatchwascreatedasyouclicked,itwillnotactuallybeaseparate
objectunlessyouhavetheCreateSeparateHatchesoptionon.
Figure44.CreateSeparateHatchesoption
AutoCAD2011continuestoexpandobjectgripfunctionalitywithanewcentergripfordirect
manipulationofhatchobjects.Youcanusedirectmanipulationtostretchormovethehatchorchange
theorigin,
angle,
or
scale.
These
options
are
available
when
you
hover
over
the
grip.
You
can
either
chooseanoptionfromthelist,oractivatethegripanduseCTRLtocyclethroughthedifferent
behaviors.
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Figure45.Directmanipulation hatchtools
Otherhatchgripbehaviorhasnotchanged,exceptthatstretchisnowthedefaultactionforthe
secondaryormiddlegripsonanonassociativehatch.
Figure46.Stretchhatchaction
Hatchesnowsupportbackgroundcolorinadditiontolinecolor.Thisenablesyoutohavetheeffectof
layeringhatchesinoneobject.
Figure47.Hatchbackgroundcolor
Younowalsohavetheoptiontosetahatchslayerbeforeyoucreateit.Youcanchooseeithertouse
the
current
layer
or
to
pick
one
from
your
drawing.
Like
color,
pattern,
and
other
hatch
properties,
layer
isapersistentsettingduringyourdrawingsession.
ThecommandHATCHTOBACKhasbeenintroducedinresponsetoanitemontheAUGIwishlist.Similar
toTEXTTOFRONT,HATCHTOBACKsendshatchesunderneathallotherobjectsinthedrawing.Send
HatchestoBackisavailableontheModifypaneloftheHometabundertheDrawOrderflyout,along
withBringTexttoFrontandBringDimensionstoFront.
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Figure48.SendHatchestoBacktool
ThenewsystemvariableMIRRHATCHenablesyoutomirrorhatcheswhileretainingtheirorientation.
(Thisis
similar
to
the
MIRRTEXT
variable.)
Set
to
0,
mirroring
hatches
maintains
their
original
angle.
WhenMIRRHATCHissetto1,thehatchanglemirrorsalongwiththerestoftheobjects.
Figure49.Hatchmirrorbehavior
TheHatchObjectLimitsystemvariable(HPOBJWARNING)hasbeenincreasedto10,000from1,000to
reflectthecapabilitiesofcurrentcomputers.Whenalargenumberofobjectsareselectedforhatch
boundarycalculations,itcanresultinslowerperformance.Thankstoincreasedhardwarecapabilities,
though,itnowtakesamuchlargernumberofboundaryobjectstoaffectcalculationspeed.Youmay
nowalsosetthevalueoftheHatchObjectLimityourself.
PolylinesPolylineobjectsinAutoCAD2011nowhaveextragripstomakeeditingthemeasierthanever.In
additiontothefamiliarprimarygripslocatedattheendofeachpolylinesegment,therearenow
additionalsecondarygripslocatedatthemidpointofeachsegment.Thesegrips,likethenewhatch
grips,aremultifunctional.Theavailablefunctionscanbeseenbyhoveringoveragrip,andyoucan
chooseanoptiondirectlyfromthemenuthatappears.
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Figure50.Directmanipulation polylinetools
Youcanalsoactivatethegripbyclickingonit.Thenyoucancyclethroughtheavailablefunctionsby
pressingCTRL,orchoosingoneoftheoptionsfromtherightclickmenu.Iconsnexttothecursor
indicatetheactivefunction.
SubselectionforpolylineshasbeenrefinedinAutoCAD2011.Tosubselectoneormoresegmentsofa
polyline,holddownCTRLwhileleftclickingonthepolyline.
Figure51.Polylinesubobjectselection
Gripbehaviorforsubselectedsegmentsisidenticaltothebehaviorwhentheentirepolylineisselected.
You
can
now
use
the
JOIN
command
to
connect
lines,
arcs,
and
polylines
to
3D
polylines,
as
long
as
they
areallcontiguous(inotherwords,theyshareacommonendpoint).Youmustselectthemostcomplex
objectfirst(inthiscase,the3Dpolyline),andtheobjectstobejoineddonotneedtobecoplanar.
SplinesSplineshavebeenupdatedinAutoCAD2011toprovidemoreflexibilityandcontrol.Youcandefinea
splineusingfitpointsorcontrolvertices(CV).CVsplinesaremoreappropriateifyouwillbeusingthem
with3DNURBSsurfaces.
Figure52.FitsplineandControlVerticesspline
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Whendrawingafitspline,youcanspecifyadditionalsettingsforitsstartandendtangencies,tolerance
(howclosethesplinemustcometothefitpoint),andknotparameterization(controllingtheshapeof
thecurveasitpassesthroughthefitpoint).
TheonlyoptionforCVsplinesisDegree,whichcontrolshowmanybendsthesplinecantakeinagiven
span.
Figure53.
CV
spline
Degree
C
Easilyswitchmethods,addandremovepoints,oreditendpointtangenciesusingintuitivegripmenus.
Figure54.Splinetangentdirection
TheSPLINEDITcommandalsohasseveralnewoptions,includingimprovedEditVertexoptions.Youcan
noweasilyaddkinksorsharpcornerstoaspline.
Figure55.Splinekink
Youcan
use
the
JOIN
command
to
connect
lines,
arcs,
polylines,
3D
polylines,
and
helixes
to
splines,
as
longastheyareallcontiguous(inotherwords,theyshareacommonendpoint).Youmustselectthe
mostcomplexobjectfirst(inthiscase,thespline),andtheobjectstobejoineddonotneedtobe
coplanar.
External References
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TheselectionofexternallyreferencedfileshasbeenenhancedinAutoCAD2011.Whenyouselecta
referenceobjectinthedrawing(xrefs,images,DWFTM,DGN,PDF,dataextractiontables),the
correspondingreferenceisselectedintheExternalReferencespalette.Similarly,ifyouselectfile
referencesfromtheExternalReferencespalette,thereferencesarehighlighted(butnotselected)inthe
drawing,assumingtheyarevisibleinthecurrentview.Youcancontrolthisbehaviorwiththenew
ERHIGHLIGHTsystem
variable.
Figure56.ExternalReferencehighlighting
TheExternalReferencespaletteincludesaoptiontoeasilydetachdataextractiontablesfromadrawing.
Figure57.
Data
Extraction
Table
Detach
option
Scale ListsScalelistfunctionalityhasbeenenhancedinAutoCAD2011tostoreacustomizabledefaultlistof
annotationscalesinthefixedprofileoftheregistry.Youcanusethedefaultscalelisttodefinea
customizedlistofscalesthatautomaticallydisplaysinallyourdrawings.Ascalelistisstillmaintainedin
thedrawing,butyoucaneasilyresetthescalelistinthedrawingtothedefaultlistofscales(metricor
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imperial)definedintheregistry.Whenthescalelistinadrawingisreset,AutoCADpurgestheunused
scalesinthedrawingandthenmergesinthecustomizedlistofscalesfromtheregistryintothedrawing.
YoucancustomizetheDefaultScaleListfromtheUserPreferencesTaboftheOptionsdialogbox.You
canstilleditthescaleliststoredinthedrawingbyaccessingthescalecontrolontheStatusbarorwith
theSCALELISTEDITcommand.
Figure58.
User
Preferences
tab
of
the
Options
dialog
box
TheDefaultScaleListdialogboxissimilartotheexistingEditScaleListdialog,whicheditsthescalesin
thedrawing.However,theDefaultScaleListdialogboxincludesadditionalcontrolsforyoutospecify
whetherthedefaultscalesaremetricorimperial.
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Figure59.
Default
Scale
list
Whenyouresetthescaleslistinadrawing,youarepromptedtoselectMetricscales,Imperialscales,or
both.ThedefaultchoiceisgovernedbytheMEASUREMENTvariableinthedrawing.Whenyoucreatea
newdrawingwithoutspecifyingatemplate,AutoCADaddsmetricorimperialscalesbasedonthe
MEASUREMENTvariable.Whenyoucreateanewdrawingbasedonatemplate,thescalesinthe
templateappearinthenewdrawing.Thescalesintheregistryarenotimported.
Missing SHX and Font FilesYounowhavetheoptiontoignoremissingSHXfiles(shapeorfontfiles)whenopeningadrawing.You
arenolongerrequiredtospecifyareplacement.ThisdialogmaybesuppressedifFONTALTissetto
somethingother
than
none.
Figure60.MissingSHXfiles
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TextstyleswithmissingfontsarenowidentifiedbyaniconintheTextStyleManager.
Text Alignment in Linetypes
AutoCAD2011
now
makes
it
possible
to
maintain
linetype
readability
in
any
orientation.
Figure61.Textalignment
ThelinetypesincludedwithAutoCAD2011behavethiswaybydefault.Toupdateyourowncustom
linetypes,youneedtochangetherotationoptiontoU,forupright.(Otherpossiblevaluesforthe
rotationoptionareR,forrelative,andA,forabsolute.)
Anexamplelinetypedefinitionlookslikethis:
Old:
*GAS_LINE,Gas line ----GAS----GAS----GAS----GAS----GAS----GAS--
A,.5,-.2,["GAS",STANDARD,S=.1,R=0.0,X=-0.1,Y=-.05],-.25
New:
*GAS_LINE,Gas line ----GAS----GAS----GAS----GAS----GAS----GAS--
A,.5,-.2,["GAS",STANDARD,S=.1,U=0.0,X=-0.1,Y=-.05],-.25
Figure 62. Examle Linetype Definition.
ExploreAutoCAD2011givesyou3Dpowertoexploreyourideasinalmostanyshapeimaginable.AutoCADand
ablankcanvashavealotincommon.Bothgiveyoutheabilitytocreatethepreviouslyunimaginable.
ButAutoCADprovidestheflexibilitytoexploredesignideasinboth2Dand3D,withintuitivetoolsthat
helpyourconceptsbecomereal.Theworldisyourcanvaswhatwillyoucreatenext?
3D Modeling Workspaces
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AutoCAD2011includestwo3Drelatedworkspaces,whichyoucanaccessfromtheWorkspacemenuin
theQuickAccessToolbar.The3DBasicsworkspaceprovidesasimpleworkspacewiththemostbasic
toolsforcreatingandvisualizing3Dsolidmodels.The3DModelingworkspaceprovidesaccesstothe
completearrayof3DtoolsinAutoCAD.
Figure63.Workspaceslist
3D Object SnapsNewtoolsandvariablesinAutoCAD2011separate3Dobjectsnapsfrom2Dobjectsnaps.Anew3D
ObjectSnaptoggleisavailableonthestatusbar,enablingyoutotoggle3Dobjectsnapsonandoff.
Rightclickingonthestatusbariconprovidesaccesstoamenuofthe3DobjectsnapsandtheSettings
option,whichlinkstothenew3DObjectSnaptabintheDraftingSettingsdialogbox.Youcanalso
accessthesecontrolsviatheshiftrightclickmenu,oratthecommandlineusingthenew3DOSNAP
commandand3DOSMODEsystemvariable.
Figure64.3DObjectsnaps
Solid Modeling3DmodelingtoolsinAutoCAD2011havebeenupdatedtoprovidemoreflexibilityandincreasedeaseof
use.TheEXTRUDE,LOFT,REVOLVE,andSWEEPcommandsnowallowyoutoselectanedgeorsub
objectforusingasaprofileorcurvetocreateanewsurface.Youarenolongerlimitedtousingplanar
curves.
TheSolidribbontabprovidesaccesstonewFilletEdgeandChamferEdgesolideditingtools.Bothof
thesetoolsprovideapreviewpriortocompletingtheoperationandtheysupportdirectmanipulation.
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Surface ModelingInadditionto3Dsolidandmeshobjects,AutoCAD2011offerstwodifferenttypesofsurfaces:
proceduralandNURBS(nonuniformrationalbspline).Proceduralsurfacesareassociativeandhave
history.NURBSsurfacesarenotassociativeanddonothavehistory.Instead,theyhavecontrolvertices
thatallowyoutosculptshapesinawaythatisclosertohowyouwouldoperateintherealworld.You
canuse
procedural
surfaces
to
take
advantage
of
associative
modeling
and
use
NURBS
surfaces
to
take
advantageofsculptingwithcontrolvertices.Atypicalsurfacemodelingworkflowmightbe:
Createamodelthatcombines3Dsolids,surfaces,andmeshobjects.
Convertthemodeltoproceduralsurfacestotakeadvantageofassociativemodeling.
ConverttheproceduralsurfacestoaNURBSmodelwiththeCONVTONURBScommandtotake
advantageofNURBSediting.
Checkforimperfectionsandwrinkleswiththesurfaceanalysistools.
Ifnecessary,rebuildthesurfacestorestoresmoothnesswiththeCVREBUILDcommand.
ThenewSurfacetabontheribbonprovideseasyaccesstosurfacemodelingtools.
Figure65.Surfaceribbontab
SurfaceCreationToolsAutoCAD2011enablesyoutocreatethreenewanalyticsurfacetypes:Blend,Patch,andNetwork.
AblendsurfacecreatesasmoothtransitionbetweenexistingsurfacesusingthenewSURFBLEND
command.You
can
specify
how
the
blend
surface
flows
at
the
edge
that
meets
and
touches
the
other
surfacesusingthegripmenuoptions.
Figure66.
Blended
surface
ThenewPatchsurfacetoolenablesyoutocloseorpatchanopen,closededgeobject.Itgeneratesa
newpatchsurfaceforanyboundingedgethatisaclosedloop.
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Figure67.Patchsurface
ThenewNetworktoolenablesyoutocreateasurfacethroughasetofcurvesintheUandVdirections.
ItissimilartotheLOFTcommandbutmorestreamlinedandflexible.Youcanevenchooseaselectionof
curvesthatarenotconnectedtooneanother.
Figure68.Networksurface
Ifyoudefinetheedgesofanetworkedsurfaceusingedgesfromexistingsurfaces,thenewlycreated
surfacewillhaveadditionalgripsenablingyoutocontrolthecontinuityconditionbetweenthenewly
createdsurfaceanditsadjacentsurfaces.
Theoffsettool(SURFOFFSETcommand)isaccessiblefromtheCreatepaneloftheSurfaceribbontab.It
enablesyoutoeasilycreateanewsurfacebyoffsettinganexistingsurface.
Figure69.Offsetsurface
YoucanturnonSurfaceAssociativitypriortoperformingaBlend,Patch,orOffsetoperation,accessible
fromtheCreatepaneloftheSurfacesribbontab,toconstrainthenewsurfacesbasedontheoriginating
surfaces.Forexample,ifsurfaceassociativityisenabledwhenyoucreateanoffsetsurfaceandablend
betweenthetwosurfaces,allthreesurfacesareassociative.Ifyouedittheoffsetdistance,usingthe
Propertiespaletteorgrips,theblendsurfacewillupdateaccordingly.
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Figure70.Surfaceassociativity
SurfaceEditingToolsAutoCAD2011offersasetofrobustnewsurfaceeditingtoolstofillet,extend,trim,anduntrimsurfaces.
YoucancreateafilletwithaspecifiedradiusbetweentwosurfaceedgesusingthenewFillettool
(SURFFILLETcommand),availableontheEditpanel.
Figure71.Surfacefillet
ThenewTrimtool,accessiblefromtheEditpanel,enablesyoutocreatecomplexedgesandholesin
surfaces.YoucanusetheUntrimtool(UNTRIMcommand)tountrimatrimmedsurface.
Figure72.Surfacetrim
ThenewExtendtool(SURFEXTENDcommand),ontheEditpanel,enablesyoutoextendasurfaceby
selectinganedge.
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Figure73.Surfaceextend
ThenewSculpttool(SURFSCULPTcommand),accessiblefromtheEditpanel,enablesyoutocreatea
newsolidobjectbasedontheenclosedvolumeofmultipleintersectingsurfaces.
Figure74.Surfacesculpt
ThenewProjectGeometrytools(PROJECTGEOMETRYcommand)enableyoutoprojectgeometryontoa
surfacecreatinganewlineorsplineontopofthesurface.UnliketheexistingImprinttool,theprojected
geometryis
not
consumed
by
the
surface.
You
can
use
the
AutoTrim
tool
to
specify
whether
surfaces
areautomaticallytrimmedwhenyouprojectgeometry.AllofthesetoolsareavailableintheProject
GeometrypaneloftheSurfaceribbontab.
Figure75.ProjectGeometrytools
YoucanconvertfromanalyticsurfacestoNURBSsurfacesusingthenewConverttoNURBStool
(CONVTONURBScommand)whichisaccessiblefromtheControlVerticespanelontheSurfaceribbon
tab.OnceananalyticsurfaceisconvertedtoaNURBSsurfaceyoucanshow/hidethecontrolverticesvia
theShowCVandHideCVtools(CVSHOWandCVHIDEcommands)andusethegizmotomovethe
controlvertices,reshapingthesurface.AdditionaltoolsintheControlVerticespanelenableyouto
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rebuildthecontrolvertices(CVREBUILD)oradd(CVADD)andremove(CVREMOVE)vertices.TheCVEdit
Bar,locatedontheribbon,isaconvenienttoolthatcombinestheCVADD,CVHIDE,andCVREMOVE
functions.
Figure76.NURBSsurface
AnalysisToolsAutoCAD2011providesasetofanalysistoolstohelpyouunderstandthecontinuitybetweendifferent
surfacesthatmakeupaglobalshape.ThesetoolsareavailableintheAnalysispaneloftheSurface
ribbontab.TheZebratoolenablesyoutoanalyzesurfacecontinuitybyprojectingparallellinesontothe
surface.TheCurvaturetooldisplaysacolorgradientonthesurface,enablingyoutoidentifyhighand
lowareasofcurvature.TheDrafttooldisplaysacolorgradientonthesurface,enablingyouto
determineifamodel
has
adequate
draft
between
apart
and
its
mold.
You
can
control
the
display
and
behaviorforeachoftheanalysistoolsusingtheAnalysisOptionsdialogbox.TheAnalysisOptionsdialog
boxisaccessiblefromtheAnalysispanelaswellasfromthe3DModelingtaboftheOptionsdialogbox.
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Figure77.Analysisoptions
Theanalysesarevisualrepresentationssimilartothevisualstyles,exceptthattheycanbeappliedper
object.
Figure78.Exampleofanalysisrepresentations
Consistent MaterialsAutoCAD2011providespowerfulandintuitivetoolsforviewing,selecting,andeditingmaterials.Access
thesetools
from
the
Materials
panel
of
the
Render
ribbon
tab
when
the
3D
Modeling
workspace
is
active.
Figure79.Renderribbontab
TheMaterialsBrowserenablesyoutobrowseandsearchformaterialsfromtheAutodeskMaterials
Libraryofthousandsofmaterialsanduserlibraries,aswellasfromthecurrentdrawing.Alistofthe
availablelibrariesandtheircategoriesisavailableinthetreeatthebottomleftoftheMaterials
Browser.
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Figure80.MaterialsBrowser
InadditiontotheAutodeskMaterialslibrary,youcancreateandopenyourownmaterialslibraries
directlyintheMaterialsBrowser.Createcategorieswithinthematerialslibrarytoorganizeandmanage
specifictypesofmaterials.Tofindspecificmaterials,youcansearchonmaterialcharacteristics,suchas
blueorceramic.Afterlocatingadesiredmaterialinalibrary,addittothecurrentdrawingviatheright
clickmenuordraganddrop.Materialsinthecurrentdrawingaredisplayedintheupperpaneofthe
MaterialsBrowser.
Figure81.AutodeskMaterialslibrary
TheMaterialsEditoroffersmanysettingstomodifypropertiesofamaterial.Youcanaccessitfromthe
dialogboxlauncherinthelowerrightcorneroftheMaterialspanelorfromaniconinthelowerright
corneroftheMaterialsBrowser.
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Figure82.MaterialsEditor
Mesh ModelingMeshmodelingfunctionalityhasbeenupdatedinAutoCAD2011toprovideyouwithmoreflexibility
and
control.
You
can
access
the
Mesh
modeling
tools
from
the
Mesh
tab
when
the
3D
Modeling
workspaceisactive.
ThenewMergeMeshtoolenablesyoutomergetwoormoreadjacentfacesintoasingleface.
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Figure83.MeshMergeexample
YoucanusetheCloseHoletooltoclosegapsinmeshobjectsbyselectingtheedgesofthesurrounding
meshedges.
Figure84.CloseHoleexample
TheCollapseFaceorEdgetoolenablesyoutoforceverticesofsurroundingmeshfacestoconvergeat
thecenterofaselectededgeorface.
Figure85.CollapseFaceorEdgeExample.
TheSpinTriangleFacetoolmodifiestheshapesoffacesbyrotatingtheedgethatjoinstwotriangular
meshfaces.
Figure86.SpinTriangleFaceexample
Point CloudsAutoCAD2011enablesyoutoattachanddisplaypointcloudscreatedfrom3Dscanningdevices.You
canaccessthenewPointCloudtoolsfromtheInsertribbontab.
Figure87.PointCloudtools
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TheIndextoolenablesyoutoindexscandatafilesfromtwodifferentpointcloudenginesandsave
themaspointcloudfiles.
Engine Inputfiles Outputfiles
Ambercore .LAS .ISD
LightweightEngine .XYB,.LAS,.FLS,.FWS .PCG
Youcanattachapointcloudfile(ISDorPCG)toanAutoCADdrawinginasimilarmannertoattaching
otherreferencefiles.
Figure88.AttachPointClouddialogbox
Withapointcloudfileattached,youcancreateandeditdrawinggeometrybysnappingtopoints.Adjust
thepointdensityusingtheDensitysliderbarintheflyoutofthePointCloudribbonpanel.
Figure89.PointClouddensity
Tosupportpointcloudfunctionality,AutoCAD2011includesfournewsystemvariables:
POINTCLOUDDENSITYcontrolsthepercentageofpointsdisplayedatonceforallpointcloudsin
thedrawing.
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POINTCLOUDRTDENSITYcontrolsthepercentageofpointsdisplayedduringrealtimezoom,pan,
andorbit.
POINTCLOUDLOCKcontrolswhetherthelockpropertyofthepointcloudissettoYesorNo
whenapointcloudisattached.
POINTCLOUDAUTOUPDATEcontrolswhetherpointcloudsaredynamicallyupdatedwhen
transforming
the
point
cloud
or
after
zooming,
panning,
or
orbiting.
LearningResourcesWhenyoustartAutoCAD2011,aWelcomeScreenisautomaticallydisplayed.FromtheWelcomeScreen
youcanlinktoshortvideostolearnaboutkeytopicsinAutoCAD.Additionallinksatthebottomofthe
WelcomeScreenprovideeasyaccesstomorelearningresources,includingWhatsNew,LearningPath,
andAutoCADOnlineHelp.
New Features Workshop
TheNew
Features
Workshop
has
been
updated
to
include
AutoCAD
2011
functionality.
This
interactive
learningtoolhelpsyoudiscoverthenewestfunctionalitywithminimaleffort.YoucanaccesstheNew
FeaturesWorkshopfromthedropdownmenuontheInfoCentertoolbar,totherightoftheHelp
button.
Figure90.Learningtools
Online Help SystemAutoCAD2011includesawebbasedhelpsystem,whichyoucanlaunchfromtheHelpicononthe
InfoCenter.
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Figure91.AutoCADhelp
AcontrolontheSystemtaboftheOptionsdialogboxallowsyoutodisabletheonlinehelp.Doingso
displaysalocalversionoftheAutoCADhelpsystem.
Figure92.SystemtaboftheOptionsdialogbox
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Autodesk,
AutoCAD,
DWF,
Showmotion,
SteeringWheels,
and
ViewCube
are
registered
trademarks
or
trademarks
of
Autodesk,
Inc.,and/oritssubsidiariesand/oraffiliatesintheUSAand/orothercountries.Allotherbrandnames,productnames,or
trademarksbelongtotheirrespectiveholders.
2010Autodesk,Inc. Allrightsreserved.