Authors: Amy R. Pritchett , Scottie-Beth Fleming Presented by: Rachel A. Haga Cognitive Engineering Center, Georgia Tech 32 nd DASC , Oct. 9, 2013 Pilot Compliance to TCAS Resolution Advisories Work sponsored by the FAA, Tom McCloy as Technical Monitor
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Authors: Amy R. Pritchett, Scottie-Beth Fleming Presented by: Rachel A. Haga Cognitive Engineering Center, Georgia Tech 32 nd DASC, Oct. 9, 2013 Pilot.
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Authors: Amy R. Pritchett , Scottie-Beth FlemingPresented by: Rachel A. Haga
Cognitive Engineering Center, Georgia Tech
32nd DASC , Oct. 9, 2013
Pilot Compliance to TCAS Resolution Advisories
Work sponsored by the FAA, Tom McCloy as Technical Monitor
For The ExperimentsMotivation: TOPA observed compliance rates of 41% to Climb RA’s and 59% to Descend RA’sPurpose: Study contributing factors and potential solutions to inform future FAA regulation
For This WorkMotivation: Have concluded four studies
Purpose: Condensing the message into the essential ‘So What?’
Olson, W. and J. Olszta (2010). TCAS Operational Performance Assessment in the U.S. National Airspace. IEEE/AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference.
Olszta, J., & Olson, W. (2011). Characterization and Analysis of Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance Resolution Advisories Resulting for 500' and 1,000' Vertical Separation. Paper presented at the Ninth USA/Europe Air Traffic Management Research and Development Seminar (ATM 2011), Berlin, Germany.
Simulator Study in Integrated Flightdeck – ATC Environment
Pritchett, A., Fleming, E., Cleveland, W., Zoetrum, J., Popescu, V., & Thakkar, D. (2012). Pilot Interaction with TCAS and Air Traffic Control. Paper presented at the 2nd International Conference on Application and Theory of Automation in Command and Control Systems (ATACCS), London.
Operational Factors Impacting ComplianceExperimental Setup Pilot Compliance
RA Type
ATC Communication
Traffic Density
Traffic Events
Potential Interventions
1. Traffic Situation Displays2. Additional Training3. Automatic RA
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ConclusionsMotivation & Background Experimental Setup Pilot Compliance Potential Interventions
Traffic Situation Displays: Current
Traffic Advisory
“Traffic Traffic”
Resolution Advisory
“Climb Climb”
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ConclusionsMotivation & Background Experimental Setup Pilot Compliance Potential Interventions
Traffic Situation Displays: TSD+
TSD+ Layout and Symbology
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ConclusionsMotivation & Background Experimental Setup Pilot Compliance Potential Interventions
Traffic Situation Displays: VSD
VSD Layout and Symbology
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ConclusionsMotivation & Background Experimental Setup Pilot Compliance Potential Interventions
Traffic Situation Displays
No significant impact on
compliance
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ConclusionsMotivation & Background Experimental Setup Pilot Compliance Potential Interventions
Ground and Simulation Training
Demonstration Based Training Event Based Training
Approach to Training Design
Complement of Two Methods
+ Computer-Based Training Introduction to TCAS Traffic Situation Display TCAS Advising Logic Traffic Advisories Resolution Advisories Example Timeline of RA Evolution
+ Mid-Training Quizzes
+ Presents traffic events that create the requirement to act
+ Builds context and complexity into each scenario as the flight progresses
+ Uses a more realistic training environment
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ConclusionsMotivation & Background Experimental Setup Pilot Compliance Potential Interventions
Ground and Simulation Training
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ConclusionsMotivation & Background Experimental Setup Pilot Compliance Potential Interventions
Automatic Resolution Advisory Response
Pilots left autopilot engaged for 83% (53 of 64 RAs) of the runs
Disengaged generally for Crossing Climb RA
Conclusions
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• Motivation
• Pilot compliance to TCAS is low
• Pilot Compliance
• In compliance for 96.6% of the duration of the RA, on average
• Fully complied for 68% of the runs
• Potential Interventions
• Changes to TSD had no significant impact
• Training program was effective
• Auto RA increased full compliance but greatly decreases percentage compliance for crossing climb
Motivation & Background Experimental Setup Pilot Compliance Potential Interventions Conclusions