Melanie de Souza and Richard Haase Senior Editors Edanz Group 21 May 2014 Author Academy- Your guide to publication success
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Melanie de Souza and Richard HaaseSenior Editors Edanz Group21 May 2014
Author Academy- Your guide to publication
success
Customer ServiceIntroductionAbout Melanie …
Senior Editor
Customer ServiceIntroductionAbout Richard …
Senior Editor
Mathematical physics
Student
Post‐doctorate
Researcher
Lecturer
Associate Professor
Senior PhysicalSciences Editor
Customer ServiceIntroduction
•atomic and molecular systems•nuclear and particle physics – quarks systems •condensed matter physics – spin systems •astrophysics – neutron and quark stars•space‐time physics with geometric algebras
My research interest is symmetries in nature
Customer ServiceIntroductionToday’s presentation
• Effective communication
• Target Journal
• Avoid Rejection– Structure a manuscript
– Reader Expectations
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Where would you be…?
Scientific publishing Native language vsEnglish language
Implement
locally
Implement ideas locally
National collaborations
Regulatory authorities
Write and communicate in your ownlanguage
International collaborations
Grant applications
Career advancements
Publish manuscripts in English to exchange ideas globally
International reputation
Scientific publishing Adopt a winning strategy
Publication recordWin games
Footballer Scientist
Preparation
Communication
Knowledge
Tactics
Physical fitness
Team members
Rules of the game
Opposition
Understanding
Manuscript
Publication process
Published literature
Results
PreparationGood data
Results
Impact
Target audience• Who will benefit?
• Implications?
• Novel?• Significance?• Importance?
Coverage and Staffing PlanHints and tips Give group presentations
1. Outline 2. Figure
• Short title• What you did
• Trends
• Unexpected results
3. Discussion
• New models
• Next experiments
Good research question + Clear scientific message for readers
Presenter Create discussionNew ideas
Audience Alternative explanations
Solutions
Before you start …Journal selection
Traditional model
Open Access model
Impact factor Publishing language Indexing status (SCI, SCOPUS, Pubmed)
Fast publication time
Society membership
Popular appeal
Coverage and Staffing PlanHints and tips Publication model
Open Access Membership Programs
Funding/grants
Open Access Option
Submit manuscript
Peer Review
AcceptedOpen Access
Authors pay(Article processing charge (APC) 1,000‐5,000 USD)
Traditional
Subscription based (Readers/institutes pay
subscription fee)
Copyright
Creative Common Licenses
Author retains copyright
No length constraints
Rapid Publication times
More readers, more citations
Coverage and Staffing PlanHints and tips Hybrid Model
Subscription‐based journal offers Open Access
Coverage and Staffing PlanHints and tips Your target journal in
minutes not days
Text
Click
Free!
Coverage and Staffing PlanHints and tips Journal selector
Advanced matching
Recommended journals
Click
Coverage and Staffing PlanHints and tips Journal selector
Semantic matching terms
ClickJournal
information
Similar published articles
Update your
references!
KnowledgeRead regularly
Established researchersJournals Improve your
writing
Published Literature
• Aims and Scope• Topics• Layout• Structure
• Styles• Phrases• Data• Scientific flow• Argument
structure
• Field develops• Implications of
research• Applications• Choose reviewers
Knowledge Which journal/articles should I read?
Identify appropriate journals
Established researchers
• Visit websites • Journals • Collaborators
Journal Websites
Email alerts
Identify appropriatearticles
Top cited/Popular = Good science + well written
KnowledgeJournal club
Peer Reviewer
8‐12 people
Discuss literature
Topic scientifically relevant?
Topic scientifically relevant?
Good layout/structure?
Good layout/structure?
Methods/design
appropriate?
Methods/design
appropriate?
Conclusions logical?
Conclusions logical?Critically
examine manuscriptsIdentify good manuscripts
• Different groups, same department • Aim to review 4‐6 Journals in your field• Each member reviews 1 or 2 journals• One member selects 1 manuscript per week• Rotate who selects paper• Distribute paper 3 days in advance
Any questions?
Structuring your manuscript Manuscript structure
Abstract
Introduction
Methods
Results
and
Discussion
The beginning
The end
The middle
IMRaD
Structuring your manuscript
TitleAbstract
IntroductionDiscussion
MethodsResults
The ‘write’ order
After selecting target journal
During your research
Write last
Structuring your manuscript Methods and Results
Methods
Results
• List all methods• Details of unusual/new methods• Researchers can repeat experiments
Write for your readersWrite for
your readers
• Coherent and logical • Use Figures/Tables• Do not overcrowd • Use Supporting Info• Unbiased analysis• No duplication of data
Effectively convey scientific messageEffectively convey scientific message
PHRASES
• A similar procedure as reported by X et al. was used…..• The advantages of using our method are….• Prior to commencing the study, ethical clearance was sought from…
Structuring your manuscript Discussion
• Explain trends vs. literature• Propose models/theories• Relate to the original hypothesis• Coherent interpretation• Relevance
Convince readers of results
Convince readers of results
Discussion
Know target journal
Better ScientistThink criticallyFind solutions
Do not repeat results
Do not use assumptions
Support claims
Illustrate ideas/concepts
Examine/evaluate your data
Understand the findings
Organized logical flow
Structuring your manuscript
Conclusions and Introduction
Conclusions• Short and concise• Implications/benefits• Future work• No references
Write for your readersWrite for
your readers
Know target journal
IntroductionEngage readersEngage readers
• Summarize current understanding• Scientific gaps• Clear hypothesis and aims • Include recent citations
What is the study about? Why is it important? How does it advance field?
Structuring your manuscript Abstract and Keywords
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Abstract
Free to read on journal websites
Free to read on journal websites
• Word limits• Structured vs. Unstructured• Avoid references/jargon
First impressions
count!
Keywords • Used for indexing/searching• Avoid acronyms• Appear in Abstract
Guide for your readersGuide for
your readers
Coverage and Staffing PlanHints and tips Clear Abstract
Background
Methods
Results/Conclusions
Implications
Aims
Coverage and Staffing PlanHints and tips Title
Title• Short and informative• Concise
Write for your readersWrite for
your readers
Novel Method for Indirect Determination of Iodine in Marine Products by Atomic
Fluorescence Spectrometry
Iodine Determination via H2HgI4 Complex using Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry
• Change words• Be specific• Novel method
• The study/effect/investigation of…Improved and excellent CO sensing properties
of Au nanorods
Different phenotypes of CD8+ T cells was associated with bacterial load in active
tuberculosis
Sentence Statement
Enhanced abilities
• Change words• Reduce words
Coverage and Staffing PlanHints and tips After the first draft….
Update references
• 75% from the last 5 years• Avoid self-citations• International citations
Topical fieldTopical field
Most referencesIntroduction
DiscussionMethods Some references
No referencesConclusion AbstractResults
Coverage and Staffing PlanHints and tips After the first draft….
Format manuscript
Meet journal requirementsMeet journal requirements
• Journal template• Word limits• Section headings• English grammar is correct
Revise manuscript
Tell an interesting
story
Tell an interesting
story
• Proofread• Input from colleague• Edit to reduce by 15%• Clearly labeled figures/tables• Readability and flow
Communication Manuscript
Tell an interesting story
Visual guides
Meet reader expectations
Good English/readable
Clear scientific message
Figures, schemes, tables
Updated references
Highlight applications/
benefits
Logical flow
Any questions?
Outlining your manuscript with the IMRaD format follows a logical structure
•Title, Authors, Addresses •Abstract, Key words•Introduction •Methods •Results•Discussion•Conclusions•Acknowledgements•References•Appendices
Scientific articles follow this format so that readers can extract the content they need quickly and efficiently
What was the problem studied?Background, cite relevant publicationsHypothesis, objectives
How the problem was studied?Experimental procedures
What data were recorded?Organize tables and/or figures
What do the findings means?Analyse results and evaluate proceduresCompare and interpret resultsDescribe limitations of experiments State conclusions in order of importance
• Determine your purpose in writing• Determine your target audience and journal• Develop your argument
Group ideas under headings
Label headings
List ideas
列出提纲有助于写作过程
Develop an outline to aid the writing process
An outline is a general plan of the material showing topic ordering, relative importance and relationship between the various parts
An outline of your manuscript reflects logical thinking
文章的提纲能够反映出思想的逻辑性
Synthesis of Large Area, Homogeneous, Single Layer Graphyne Films (GF) by Annealing Amorphous Carbon
ABSTRACTKEYWORDS Single layer graphene, amorphous carbon, epitaxial metal, annealing INTRODUCTION
• Graphene, a quasi two‐dimensional (2‐D) material; Extraordinary mobility in single‐layer GF
• Method to synthesize films suitable for large scale production• Formation on single crystal transition metal substrates• Catalytic chemical vapor deposition (CVD); The segregation and
precipitation of C atoms on polycrystalline transition metals• Need to control the number of layers in the GF
METHOD• Grow large area, continuous, and single layer GFs on thin film metal
surfaces• Details of the process rapid ramp‐staging‐rapid cooling• Figure 1: Schematic illustration of the graphene growth process• transport properties of graphene by making a graphene‐based field
effect transistor (FET)ANALYSIS
• Optical analysis of the resulting graphene (optical microscopy; atomic force microscopy; transmission electron microscopy)
• spectro‐photometry for transmittance measurements• Figure 2 Characterization of the transferred GF; Figure 3 (a) Optical
microscope images of GFs (b) Raman spectra• GFs with different a‐C thicknesses and cool down rates
RESULTS• segregation mechanism on highly crystalline substrates,
with fewer grain boundaries, appears self‐limited• carrier mobility and Dirac‐point shift showing a p‐type
behaviorDISCUSSION
• increased sheet resistances• transfer process onto SiO2/Si produced cracks or tears; • contribution of the PMMA to GF sheet resistance; • contribution of the contact resistance of the electrode
and graphene;• the relatively high number of intrinsic defects
CONCLUSION• large area, homogenous, single layer graphene films on
metals with high solubility carbon by annealing the amorphous carbon
• homogeneity of the film is independent of the cool down rate
• presence of very few grain boundaries in our crystalline substrate suppresses the precipitation of carbon
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSREFERENCES
• Geim et al 2007
The Concept of Reader Expectations*
* Gopen and Swan “The Science of Scientific Writing” (Am.Sci.,1990)
To improve your writing, you need to understand how English readers read
我们应该更好地了解读者的阅读习惯以便最大程度地提高写作质量
Information is easier to interpret if placed where most readers expect to find it
Good writers are aware of these expectations
把信息放在读者最想看到的地方以便于读者理解
Readers make important interpretations about substance based on clues from structure
World Population in 2010: 6,975,200,00
Brazil 190,755,799; China 1,339,724,852; India 1,210,193,422; Indonesia 237,641,326; Nigeria 162,471,000; Pakistan 177,825,000; United States 312,615,000.
a)
b) c) Country Population
China 1,339,724,852
India 1,210,193,422
United States 312,615,000
Indonesia 237,641,326
Brazil 190,755,799
Pakistan 177,825,000
Nigeria 162,471,000
Population Country
1,339,724,852 China
1,210,193,422 India
312,615,000 United States
237,641,326 Indonesia
190,755,799 Brazil
177,825,000 Pakistan
162,471,000 Nigeria
读者会根据文字结构的提示总结出自己对文字主旨的理解
How you structure your text matters
Readers interpret as they read
“Based on the lattice Boltzmann method, the static and dynamic wetting property of hydrophobic surfaces with micro and micro‐nano dual‐scale structures were studied. The simulation results show that the apparent contact angle of water droplets on the hydrophobic surface with micro‐scale structures increased as the solid area decreased, and the dual‐scale micro/nano structures would not only increase surface hydrophobicity of the surface, but also make the Cassie state of droplet more stable.”
读者不单单是在阅读，他们还会根据自己的理解去领会
文章结构十分重要
“We report on our study of the static and dynamic wetting property of hydrophobic surfaces with micro‐ and dual micro/nano‐scale structures. Simulations based on the lattice Boltzmann method showed that the apparent contact angle of water droplets on surfaces with micro‐scale structures increasesas solid area decreases. In contrast, dual micro/nano‐scale structures not only increase surface hydrophobicity but also stabilize the Cassie state of the droplet.”
Coherent and concise writing is best simple and direct
• With shorter, familiar, and precise words, sentences are most easily understood, most forceful and memorable.
• Avoid wordiness, jargon, pompous phrases, and generalities.
Facilitate helpUtilize use
Elucidate explainEdify instruct
Affect effectWhile whereas
It’s kind of like a …In the context of the current study, …It is interesting to note that …
一致简明的写作就是简单和直接的最好体现
Readers expect the verb to follow closely the subject
读者希望句子的主语后面紧跟着动词
Subject
Verb
Sentence
.
Sentence SubjectVerb
Phrases intervening between subject‐verb divert the reader’s attention
Example
Three‐ and four‐photon nonlinear absorptions are reported for ZnS and1% Mn2+‐doped ZnS quantum dots (QDs). Measurements were obtainedby the z‐scan technique using the fundamental and second harmonicradiation from a Q‐switched Nd:YAG laser corresponding to 532 and1064 nm wavelengths respectively.
Three‐ and four‐photon nonlinear absorptions by the z‐scan technique in ZnS and 1% Mn2+‐doped ZnS quantum dots (QDs) with 532 and 1064 nm radiation, respectively, from a Q‐switched Nd:YAG laser fundamental and its second harmonic radiation, are reported.
DO
Readers use the verb to determine the action of the sentence
Use active voice for greater understanding
SubjectVerb
读者通过动词判断句子的作用。
Use active voice for better writing
Honey is made by bees.o Bees make honey.
The students were taught by the professor.
o The professor taught the students.
My first visit to Beijing will always be remembered by me.o I will always remember my first visit to Beijing.
Recent work on colloidal stability mass was presented by Dr Wang.
o Dr Wang presented his recent work on colloidal stability .
Improvements in hydrodynamic performance have not been found from simulations based on this simple model.
o We have not found improvements in hydrodynamic performance from simulations based on this simple model.
Use verbs that convey action Confirmation of these results cannot be obtained.
o These results cannot be confirmed.
Scaling up or optimization of intrinsic processes from laboratory to industrial settings is extremely difficult.
o Intrinsic processes from laboratories are extremely difficult to scale up or optimize to industrial settings.
The separation of A from B was effected.
o A was separated from B.
Readers expect related words to be kept together
Professor Yang Chen Ning will give a lecture on Monday evening in the department, to which the public is invited, on "My Experiences in Physics" at eight P.M.
In the department on Monday evening at eight, Professor Yang Chen Ning will give a public lecture on "My Experiences in Physics”.
Place Time Presenter Lecture Title
Readers interpret information more easily if it’s presented in the order they expect
Stress position
.
Subject
Readers naturally focus on information that is at the end of a sentence
Verb
Information is interpreted more easily if placed where readers expect to find it
读者会自然而然地将重点放在句子末尾处
把信息放在读者最想看到的地方以便于读者理解
The dog sat when her mistress offered a treat. The dog sat when a treat was offered by her mistress. When the mistress offered a treat, the dog sat.
The stress position usually contains the new information of the text
Readers take away information that is at the end of a sentence.
topic position
The researchers found all three new graphyne pattern types capable of producing a Dirac cone.
All three new graphyne pattern types were found capable of producing a Dirac cone by the researchers.
.
Readers expect a sentence to be about whoever shows up first读者希望主语出现在句首
句首出现的信息决定了句子的描述重点。
Information at the beginning of a sentence establishes what the sentence is about
.
.
topic position
stress position
All the family went into the courtyard to see the new puppy. The puppy sat when her owner offered a treat. Everyone was so excited, they broke into applause.
The topic position provides context for new information and links back to old information
For example….Graphene’s allotropes may be more useful
“The past eight years have seen an explosion in research dedicated to graphene. A nearly constant stream of news reported new discoveries regarding its attributes. Now, graphene is about to be upstaged by a more interesting allotrope called graphyne. Whereas graphene is a single layer of carbon atoms arranged in a regular hexagonal array, graphyne comes in several different more versatile irregular hexagonal arrays. Properties have been studied in computer simulations by a team of researchers, who reported that their research shows that some types of graphyne structures allow for electron flow in just one direction.”
“The past eight years have seen an explosion in research dedicated to graphene. A nearly constant stream of news reported new discoveries regarding its attributes. Now, graphene is about to be upstaged by a more interesting allotrope called graphyne.Whereas graphene is a single layer of carbon atoms arranged in a regular hexagon array, graphyne comes in several different, more versatile, irregular hexagon arrays. Properties have been studied in computer simulations by a team of researchers, who reported that their research shows that some types of graphyne structures allow for electron flow in just one direction.”
.
.
Readability is the ease in which text can be read an understood
Stress positions
Topic positions
Subject‐verb separation,active voice, strong verbs
可读性是指文字能够易读易懂
Assertion: is a topic sentencecoming at or near the beginning
that introduces the theme
Evidence: explains or establishes or develops the statement
made in the topic sentence
Affirmation: emphasizes the thought of the topic sentence or states some
important consequence
好的段落使读者信服
Structure paragraphs to persuade readers
In the single‐phase SCTFO, Co2+ doping encourages the magnetic anisotropy to change from axial to planar, whereas Ti4+ substitution interrupts the magnetic interactions between the two blocks RS and R*S*, resulting in SCTFO having a high enough resistivity to ensure magneto‐electric measurements. This is seen in Fig.1, the values of P decrease monotonously with increasing magnetic field. According to Eq. (1), the spin cone in SCTFO closes with application of a magnetic field, leading to a correspondingly decrease in P. Moreover, the values of M decrease with increasing E, as seen in Fig.2. The remanent magnetization of SCTFO, given in Fig.5, can be reversibly and reproducibly controlled by an electric field, suggesting a potential application in non‐volatile welling RAM with multiferroic hexaferrites.
Thus, we prepared a single‐phase multiferroic SCTFO. The substitution of Co2+‐Ti4+ pair for two Fe3+cations produces a spiral conical magnetic structure and high resistivity in SCTFO. This special spin structure can induce spontaneous P via spin‐orbit coupling, suggestive of strong magnetoelectric coupling within SCTFOs. Our magnetization and MFM measurements confirm the electric control of magnetism. The excellent magneto‐electric performance in SCTFO gives a valuable contribution to magneto‐electric studies enabling electric controlling of magnetization in magneto‐electric devices.
Structure paragraphs to persuade readersIn the single‐phase SCTFO, Co2+ doping encourages the magnetic anisotropy to change from axial to planar, whereas Ti4+ substitution interrupts the magnetic interactions between the two blocks RS and R*S*, resulting in SCTFO having a high enough resistivity to ensure magneto‐electric measurements. This is seen in Fig.1, the values of P decrease monotonously with increasing magnetic field. According to Eq. (1), the spin cone in SCTFO closes with application of a magnetic field, leading to a correspondingly decrease in P. Moreover, the values of M decrease with increasing E, as seen in Fig.2. The remanent magnetization of SCTFO, given in Fig.5, can be reversibly and reproducibly controlled by an electric field, suggesting a potential application in non‐volatile welling RAM with multiferroic hexaferrites.
Thus, we prepared a single‐phase multiferroic SCTFO. The substitution of Co2+‐Ti4+ pair for two Fe3+cations produces a spiral conical magnetic structure and high resistivity in SCTFO. This special spin structure can induce spontaneous P via spin‐orbit coupling, suggestive of strong magnetoelectric coupling within SCTFOs. Our magnetization and MFM measurements confirm the electric control of magnetism. The excellent magneto‐electric performance in SCTFO gives a valuable contribution to magneto‐electric studies enabling electric controlling of magnetization in magneto‐electric devices.
Topics from each paragraph are logically linked by providing background and context to the new topic
DMake paragraphs the unit of composition
Any questions?
Scientific publishingIntroducing Dr. Long
Dr. Long
Coverage and Staffing PlanHints and tips
Dear Editor‐in‐Chief,
I am sending you our manuscript entitled “Optimizing the morphology in high‐performance hybrid organic photovoltaic cells” by Long et al. We would like tohave the manuscript considered for publication in Nano Research.
Please let me know of your decision at your earliest convenience.
Sincerely yours,Dr. Long, PhD
Write a cover letter!
Sells your researchGuides the Editor
Coverage and Staffing PlanHints and tips
Done/Found
Interest to readers
An effective cover letter
List reviewers
Compliance statementsCorresponding author
H. DaiEditor‐in‐ChiefNano Research
13 December 2013
Dear Dr. Dai,
Please find enclosed our manuscript entitled “Optimizing the morphology in high‐performance hybrid organicphotovoltaic cells”, by Long et al., which we would like to submit as a Research Paper in Nano Research.
Recent studies have revealed that the morphology of heterojunction organic photovoltaic cells controls theperformance efficiencies of devices. Measuring this morphology, however, remains a challenge as.….
To investigate this, we observed the morphology in a high performance blend of PFT:C60BM blends. Our fluorescenceand exciton diffusion studies indicate that the formation of regular, narrow domains......
We believe our findings would appeal to a broad audience, such as the readership of Nano Research. As a wide‐reaching journal publishing original research on all aspects of nanotechnology…
We suggest the following potential reviewers:
Conflict of interest forms are attached.…….Please address all correspondence to….
Background
Address editor personally
Manuscript title/type of article
Publisher AdaptationsPeer review
Submit manuscript
Reject Decision letter
No Yes
Peer review 3‐5 Reviewers
Novel/Relevant? Novel/
Relevant?
Wellwritten?Well‐
written?
High quality? High
quality? Readers interested? Readers
interested? Journal
met?
Journal requirements
met?
Publisher AdaptationsPeer review
Peer review
ManuscriptManuscript
Strong research motive
Strong research motive
Proper analysisProper analysis
Appropriate methodologyAppropriate methodology
Active research field
Active research field
Publication ethicsPublication ethics Accurate conclusionsAccurate
conclusions
Complete data presentationComplete data presentation
Good English/
Readability
Good English/
Readability
Scientific publishingWaiting……
Submit Manuscript + Cover letter
Why does it take so long?
Contacts Editorial office
Waiting for reports. Decision in the 3 weeks.
Withdrawing manuscript
Write to Journal Editor
Approval from all authors
Christmas/New Year (Dec 15th- Jan 10th) Easter holidays (March/April)Summer holidays (July/August)
Wait longer
Check status online
Tracking information
Scientific publishingDecision letters
Rejection letters:Without reviewer comments: Rapid rejectionWith reviewer comments: After peer reviewAction: Revise and submit to another/same journal
Call for revision letters:With reviewer comments: After peer reviewAction: Fully revise manuscript,write point-by-point response letter and re-submit
Acceptance letters:With/without peer review comments: After revised manuscriptAction: Upload final version and high resolution imagesGalley proofs: Check carefully
Any questions?
Coverage and Staffing PlanHints and tips Speed up publication process
Peer review
List reviewers
Update references
Revised Manuscript
Point‐by‐point response letter
Mark changes in revised manuscript
Accepted Manuscript
Make all additional changes
Upload high resolution figures
Manuscript Cover letter
Use journal template
Appendix: structured abstracts
Follow the IMRaD format:Introduction, Methods, Results and Discussion
CONSORT (Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials) recommends Structured Abstract for RCT papers (randomized controlled trials).
Why?Easy for authors to writeEasy for readers to understandGood for computerized indexing
Appendix: structured abstracts Example
Here, we present…
Here, we show…
Here, we report…
In this work we introduce…
Appendix: useful set phrases Abstract
These results show…
To test whether (past tense), we performed....
To examine if (past tense) we (past tense)
We used XX to YY. Using this approach, we
identified ZZ
Appendix: useful set phrases Abstract
We demonstrated previously…
Previous studies have shown that…
We have previously shown that…
The topic of XX has recently been reviewed1. (insert reference)
To determine whether …
The purpose of this study was …
Appendix: useful set phrases Introduction
Therefore, we tested the hypothesis …
This report describes experiments designed to determine whether …
Therefore, our first objective in these studies was to determine whether …
In this study, we sought to extend our observations and specifically test …
Appendix: useful set phrases Introduction
To test whether XX (past tense), we performed....
To examine if XX (paste tense) we performed…
Appendix: useful set phrases Methods
Among the cases we analyzed…
XX was/were observed….
The results are summarized in Table 1.
Figure 2a shows the effect of X on Y.
Group X showed higher/lower levels of Y than the control group.
Appendix: useful set phrases Results
In the current study, we have shown…
In summary…
To conclude…
In conclusion…
In demonstrating XX, our findings show that/illustrate that…
Taken together these results suggest…
Appendix: useful set phrases Discussion
The above data collectively show…
Our data supports the idea that XX
Our study supports the hypothesis that ZZ
Our study is limited by…
There were some limitations to the current study.
Appendix: useful set phrases Discussion
Appendix: useful set phrases Cover lettersPlease find enclosed our manuscript entitled (title) by (First Author) et al., which we would like to submit for publication as a (Publication Type) in (Journal name).
To our knowledge, this is the first report showing…
We believe our findings would appeal to the readership of (Journal name).
Please address all correspondence to:
We shall look forward to hearing from you at your earliest convenience.
Appendix: statements Cover letters
We confirm that this manuscript has not been published elsewhere and is not under consideration by another journal.
All authors have approved the manuscript and agree with submission to (Journal Name).
All cover letters should contain these sentences:
Appendix: statements Cover letters
We have read and have abided by the statement of ethical standards for manuscripts submitted to (Journal Name).
The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.
Mostmedical research cover letters should contain these or similar sentences:
Or…briefly give information describing any conflicts…
Appendix: useful set phrases Response letters
Please find enclosed our revisedmanuscript entitled (title) by (First Author) et al., which we would like to resubmit for publication as a (Publication Type) in (Journal name).
Your comments and those of the reviewers were very helpful.
In the following pages are our point‐by‐point responses to each of the comments of the reviewers.
Consult an expert!
State the statistical tests used to analyze data
Provide the name, version and maker of the statistical package used
E.g. SPSS 11.0; SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA
Only use the word “significant” when describing statistically significant differences
Alternatives: notable, substantial, marked
Appendix: statistics
Appendix: statistics A few rules
Precision: Life expectancy of 22.085 years 22 yearsAlways give numerator and denominator e.g., 25% (740/2958)Avoid using percentages to summarize small samplesBe very clear with percentages within subgroups:“Of the 1000 patients, 800 (80%) were women; (31%) had a BMI of…”
“Of the 1000 patients, 800 (80%) were women; of these, 250 (31%) had a BMI of…”
Appendix: simple wordsPrefer Avoidmore additionalenough adequateclear apparenttry attemptshow demonstratetry endeavorvery exceedingly
Appendix: simple wordsPrefer Avoidsize magnitudeaim objectivetake part participatedone performedasked requestedlives resideskeep retain
Prefer Avoidlater subsequentlyenough sufficientend terminateuse utilization
Appendix: simple words
Here, we present…
Here, we show…
Here, we report…
In this work we introduce…
Appendix: useful set phrases Abstract
These results show…
To test whether (past tense), we performed....
To examine if (past tense) we (past tense)
We used XX to YY. Using this approach, we
identified ZZ
Appendix: useful set phrases Abstract
We demonstrated previously…
Previous studies have shown that…
We have previously shown that…
The topic of XX has recently been reviewed1. (insert reference)
To determine whether …
The purpose of this study was …
Appendix: useful set phrases Introduction
Therefore, we tested the hypothesis …
This report describes experiments designed to determine whether …
Therefore, our first objective in these studies was to determine whether …
In this study, we sought to extend our observations and specifically test …
Appendix: useful set phrases Introduction
To test whether XX (past tense), we performed....
To examine if XX (paste tense) we performed…
Appendix: useful set phrases Methods
Among the cases we analyzed…
XX was/were observed….
The results are summarized in Table 1.
Figure 2a shows the effect of X on Y.
Group X showed higher/lower levels of Y than the control group.
Appendix: useful set phrases Results
In the current study, we have shown…
In summary…
To conclude…
In conclusion…
In demonstrating XX, our findings show that/illustrate that…
Taken together these results suggest…
Appendix: useful set phrases Discussion
The above data collectively show…
Our data supports the idea that XX
Our study supports the hypothesis that ZZ
Our study is limited by…
There were some limitations to the current study.
Appendix: useful set phrases Discussion
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