Understanding Australia’s health This presentation was developed by The AIHW Education Team and presented at the Home Economics VCE Health and Human Development Student Day Out 2011 [email protected]
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Understanding
Australia’s health
This presentation was developed by The AIHW Education Team
and presented at the Home Economics VCE Health and Human Development Student Day Out 2011
What do we know about
Australia’s health?
• Life expectancy is the average number of years of life
remaining to a person at any specified age.
• Overall, Australians enjoy one of the highest life expectancies
in the world.
• 81.4 years for males and females combined—second only to
Japan, at 82.6 years (OECD 2009b).
Males Females
@ birth 79.2 83.7
@ 30yrs 80.3 84.5
@ 65yrs 83.6 86.6
@ 85yrs 90.9 92.0
Life expectancy
Where we rank in the world…
What is burden of disease?
You get a disease or injury…
you get better
you die (probably earlier than expected)
you don’t get better (disability)
you get worse (more disability)
Burden of disease
• How does a Government know where to spend their
health $$?
• Allocating health $$ requires information about which
conditions have the greatest effect on Australians and
where the most gains can be made.
• How do we measure the burden of having arthritis vs
cancer???
DALYs
• A Disability-Adjusted Life Year has been developed to
compare the effects of different diseases and injuries
on an equal basis.
• One DALY is one year of ‘healthy life’ lost due to a
disease or injury.
• The more DALYs, the greater the burden.
Other terms you may come across…
• PYLL = Potential years of life lost
• YLD = Years of life lost due to disability
• YLL = Years of life lost due to death
Leading cause of DALYs
Projected burden of (YLL, YLD, DALY) major disease groups
Leading cause of BOD by 2023
• Type 2 diabetes is projected to become the leading
cause of disease burden by 2023.
Why?
• Partly attributable to the expanding problem of
overweight and obesity.
How do we compare?
Australia’s ranking
amongst OECD countries
Australia’s ranking
amongst OECD countries
Mortality = death
• Data on death and its causes are vital measures of a
population’s health.
• Examining trends and patterns in mortality can help to
explain changes and differences in health status,
evaluate health strategies, and guide planning and
policy making.
• Declining mortality has led to large growth in the
number of people in older age groups.
Data standards
• child mortality rate = children aged 1–14 years
• infant mortality rate = children aged less than 1 year
Death rates for young people
Death rates among
young people from
OECD countries
Morbidity = ill health
• Can refer to ill health in an individual or levels of ill
health in a population or group.
• Types of morbidity can be ‘prevalent’ in a specific
population group.
• Cardiovascular disease, diabetes and chronic kidney
disease often occur together in the general population,
a situation known as comorbidity.
Prevalence
• Prevalence = number of cases of an illness in the
population
• Lets take diabetes for example…
o National surveys suggest that diabetes is now
about 3x as common as it was 20 years ago, with
over 800,000 of today’s Australians having been
diagnosed with the disease.
Incidence
• Incidence = number of new cases of an illness in a
particular time period
• Example: o Between 2000 and 2008 there were over 8,000 new cases of
Type 1 diabetes diagnosed in Australian children, an average
of two new cases every day.
Population groups
Rural & remote Australians
The good news…
• unique and enjoyable lifestyle.
• personal safety, community connection and general
wellbeing are higher in some rural areas.
The not so good news…
• tend to have higher levels of disease risk factors and
illness than those in major cities.
• less access to health services and staff.
• hazards of driving over long road distances.
• lower levels of education, income and employment.
Socio-economic
disadvantaged groups
• Not only do groups with the most disadvantage tend to
have much worse health than the best-off groups,
there is a clear graded effect on the groups in
between.
– Death rates were 70% higher in the most
disadvantage group compared with the best-off
groups.
– The most disadvantaged groups report the highest
levels of many disease and associated risk factors.
Indigenous Australians
• Socioeconomically disadvantaged compared with other
Australians.
• Life expectancy much lower (i.e. they die much younger).
• More likely to experience disability and reduced quality
of life because of ill health.
• Higher levels of risk factors (i.e. smoking, poor nutrition & obesity).
Infant & child mortality…
• Injury and poisoning deaths were 3 times higher than
non-Indigenous 0-4yr olds.
• Respiratory disease deaths were 4 times higher than
non-Indigenous 0-4yr olds.
Young people
The good news…
• Large declines in death rates.
• Declines in asthma hospitalisations.
• Improved survival for cancer, with survival for
melanoma very high.
• Favourable trends in some risk and protective factors,
such as declines in smoking and illicit substance use.
• Most Year 10 and Year 12 students using
contraception.
Young people
The not so good news…
• Rising rates of diabetes.
• Rising rates of sexually transmissible infections-chlamydia.
• High rates of mental disorders.
• Too many, road transport accident deaths for males.
• Too many young people are overweight or obese.
• Not meeting physical activity.
• Not eating enough fruit and vegetables.
• Are victims of alcohol- or drug-related violence.
More information…
Available to download
FREE on website
www.aihw.gov.au
www.aihw.gov.au
Cherie McLean 02 6244 1012
This presentation was developed by The AIHW Education Team
and presented at the Home Economics VCE Health and Human Development Student Day Out 2011
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