Australian Astronomy MNRF • Development of Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuits (MMIC) • ATCA Broadband Backend (CABB)
Jan 04, 2016
Australian Astronomy MNRF
• Development of Monolithic Microwave
Integrated Circuits (MMIC)
• ATCA Broadband Backend (CABB)
MMIC DEVELOPMENT
AIM:
Develop existing ATNF expertise in MMIC design.Important area for the SKA.
Develop MMICs for use in SKA demonstrators and for new ATNF receiver systems.
TECHNOLOGIES:
InP, GaAS, SiGe, RF-CMOS.
• Broadband LNAs, e.g. 1-3GHz, 4-12GHz.• mm-wave LNAs.• Devices for digital and analogue data transmission.• High speed, high precision samplers/digitisers.• Integrated receiver systems.
Examples
AIM:
• To investigate new signal processing technologies for the
SKA.
• To demonstrate them in a new backend for the ATCA
– Increase the maximum bandwidth from 128MHz to 2GHz.
• Operational in late 2006.
GAINS:
• Enhanced frequency coverage - up by factor 16
• Continuum sensitivity up by at least a factor of 4
• Increased flexibility - simultaneous spectral lines
ATCA BROADBAND BACKEND
COMPARISON: At = 3mm
Max. velocity coverage: 300 Km/s 5000 Km/s
CURRENT FUTURE
Velocity resolution at max. bandwidth:
6.4 Km/s 3 Km/s
( 60 chans ) ( 2000 chans )
• 2 frequencies, each with 2 polarisations • 2 GHz maximum bandwidth• Full range of lower bandwidths• 2048 channels on all 4 Stokes parameters• 8 stations – ATCA + SKA Demonstrators• 4 GSample/sec, 6-bit (min.) sampler/digitisers• FX correlator architecture• Digital Filter Banks
DESIGN PARAMETERS
• Data transmission • Conversion system• Sampler/digitisers• Delay system• Filter bank / correlator• Tied array• Online software
SYSTEM COMPONENTS
• Data transmission– New single mode fibre installed.– Analogue or Digital ?
• Analogue:– 4 to 12GHz band transmitted.
• Digital:– ~128GBits/s from each antenna
SYSTEM COMPONENTS (1)
Analogue data transmission:
Advantages:
• Move all digital electronics away from antennas– reduced self-generated RFI
• Simplifies antenna electronics• Cheaper
Difficulties:
• Maintaining dynamic range
SYSTEM COMPONENTS (1)
• Sampler/digitisers– Fixed 4GS/s sample rate – Effective number of bits >6– Increased dynamic range– Correlator efficiency ~100%
SYSTEM COMPONENTS (2)
• Conversion system - LO/IF
– Single 2GHz analogue anti-aliasing filter
– Interference suppression filters where necessary
– Fixed LOs, Sampler Clocks
SYSTEM COMPONENTS (3)
SYSTEM COMPONENTS (4)
• Correlator– Look forward to SKA– FX architecture– Using polyphase digital filterbanks
• Polyphase Filterbank32k taps per filter
Clocked in at 4GHzDFB clocked at 2MHz
(M=2048)
• Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA)Commercial devices
Endlessly configurable
FFT
FFT
FIR
FIR
Filterbank
Fringe
Rotators
Correlators
DMUX
CORRELATOR ARCHITECTURE
• Standard
• Zoom
• n*Zoom
• n*Zoom^m
MODES
DFB Development
• Development of demonstrator polyphase filterbank spectrometers
• Current best performance: – 256MHz BW - 1024 frequency channels
• Using ATNF 4GS/s, 2-bit samplers
AND
Lower sample rate 8-bit samplers
• Installed at Mopra in May 2004
Conventional Channelisation
Filterbank Channelisation
CORRELATOR TYPES
• XF– For each baseline ( ~N2 ) :
• Form cross correlation function• Fourier transform to form spectrum
• FX– For each signal ( ~N ) :
• Form spectrum– For each baseline ( ~N2 ) :
• Multiply corresponding frequencies