Australia in global flows KGA171 The Global Geography of Change Presented by Associate Professor Elaine Stratford Semester 1.

Australia in global flows

KGA171 The Global Geography of Change

Presented by Associate Professor Elaine Stratford

Semester 1

LOOKING BACK, LOOKING FORWARDPart 1

Revising Lecture 7.2

1. Name some of the salient characteristics of liberalism. How would you distinguish between classical and social liberalism? Why is that distinction important in terms of welfare?

2. What did John Locke mean by the term fungible property in relation to land?

3. How did Kant’s view of property differ from Locke’s and why is this a concern for geographers?

4. Define usufruct. Can you explain its relationship to modern ideas of sustainability?

5. What is neoliberalism and what are its major characteristics?

6. Describe economic globalization’s key elements, and explain the two reasons Bergman and Renwick argue we need to pay attention to this phenomenon.

7. What is foreign direct investment and how has it transformed economic relations across states?

8. Exemplify one instance each of cultural homogenization, hybridity and resistance.

A Woman Thinking

Learning Objectives

Module 7 Lecture 3• be able to

– explain the relationship between Australia’s experiences of colonization and modernization with particular reference to

• demographic trends • patterns of economic activity

and• characteristics of

postindustrial society

KGA171• demonstrate knowledge of

geographical concepts, earth and social systems and spatial patterns of change

• create and interpret basic maps, graphs and field data

• identify and analyse different viewpoints to contribute to debates about global development

• communicate in reflective and academic writing, referencing literature when needed

Textbook Reading Bergman and Renwick (2008) pp.491-99

Critical reading1.What is the author’s purpose?2.What key questions or problems does the author raise?3.What information, data and evidence does the author present?4.What key concepts does the author use to organize this information, this evidence?5.What key conclusions is the author coming to? Are those conclusions justified? 6.What are the author’s primary assumptions?7.What viewpoints is the author writing from?8.What are the implications of the author’s reasoning?[from Foundation for Critical Thinking]

Old Woman Reading a Lectionary, Gerard Dou

THE DYNAMICS OF POPULATION – SHAPING A GLOBAL AUSTRALIA?

Part 2

Australia’s population: a recent burst of growth

ABS (2009) Cat No 4102.0 Australian Social Trends Data Cube – Population, 30 June 2009

Population 25 May 2010: 22.35 million

1993 1998 2003 2008

Total population (millions) 17.7 18.7 19.9 21.4

Indigenous population (000s) 361.0 432.0 475.0 -

Median age (years) 33.0 34.8 36.1 36.9

Natural increase (000s) 135.0 120.0 114.0 146.0

Net migration (000s) 35.0 89.0 110.0 253.0

Population growth rate (%) 0.99 1.05 1.24 1.71

Nascent ideas of a carrying capacityGriffith Taylor, taken during tenure at the University of Toronto, where he went after being vilified by the ‘boosterists’ for his views on population limits in Australia. See Joe Powell (1997) The pulse of citizenship: reflections on Griffith Taylor and ‘nation-planning ‘, Australian Geographer 28(1) pp.39-52.

ABS (2009) Births 2008, 3301.0. ABS, Canberra, pp.8, 12, 13.

FERTILITYRising since 2004 to

highest rate since 1977

TFR

1977 2.01

2001 1.73

2004 1.77

2007 1.92

2008 1.97

ABS (2006) Measures of Australia’s Progress 2006, 1370.0. ABS, Canberra, p.26.

Life Expectancy

Life expectancy of indigenous Australians is 17 years shorter than

average

49% and 61% of indigenous Australian adults are smokers and diagnosed as

obese respectively (compared to the national average of

22% and 48% respectively)

Net Overseas Migration (NOM)directly dependent on policy, highly variable, now at unprecedented levels

NOM (000s)1988 173

1990 97

1992 51

1994 56

1996 97

1998 89

2000 111

2002 110

2004 106

2006 182

2008 253

2009* 297

ABS (2006) Measures of Australia’s Progress 2006, 1370.0. ABS, Canberra, p.26.

ABS (2009)Births 2008, 3301.0. ABS, Canberra, p.22.

*Sept 08-Sept 09

Population Projections: the twenty-first century?

It is all about choice: that is, without immigration, population growth will shift from positive to negative

ABS (2009) Australian Social Trends 2009 4102.0, ABS, Canberra.

% of pop

Major cities 65.9

Inner regional 20.6

Outer regional 10.5

Remote 1.8

Very remote 1.1

ABS (2003) Social Trends 2003, ABS, Canberra, pp.7-8

A suburban-coastal society

See also Bradfield water scheme dream lives on

ABS (2006) Measures of Australia’s Progress 2006, 1370.0. ABS, Canberra, pp.26-28.

Sydney: people not fluent in English

Immigrant composition (percent)

Europe 11Asia 6N & S America 1N Africa/Mid East 1 Sub Saharan Africa 1

Red >20%

A multicultural society

ABS (2009) Measures of Australia’s Progress 2009, 1383.0.55.001 ABS, Canberra.

Australia’s progress1998-2008

+ve change-ve change

GLOBAL AND POST-INDUSTRIAL?Part 3

The Big PictureThe opening of the Parliament of Australia on 9 May 1901, Melbourne, AustraliaTom Roberts, 1903

Australia – an urban nation

From Australia’s century since Federation at a glance“Economic growth (Chart 1) in the first five decades following Federation was highly volatile. Years of very strong economic growth of over 5 and 10 per cent were interspersed with years of very large declines in activity” (http://www.treasury.gov.au/documents/110/PDF/round3.pdf).

Generalised affluence and ‘progress’

An emerging picture of a shifting economic base

Change in percentage employed in industry groups in each mainland capital in 1971 and 1991Forster, C. (2004) Australian cities: continuity and change, Oxford University Press, South Melbourne, pp. 1-34.

Economic development“progressively increasing the value of goods and services that a place is able to produce in order to enjoy or to export” (Bergman and Renwick 2008, p.496).

• gender roles and relations – workforce changes, non-traditional familism

• politics – civil rights, peace, environmentalism, feminism

• education – innovation, global professions, knowledge economies; see Gillard’s university reforms

• leisure – consumerism, tourism, world music/food

• values – secularism, multiculturalism, new age spirituality

• place – global village, local heritage

Characteristics of postindustrial society

KGA172 SPACE, PLACE AND NATURE

Week Session 1 Session 2

1 Introduction Spatial data

2 Accuracy in mapping Spatial technologies

3 Understanding nature Ecosystem processes

4 Ecosystem dynamics Fluvial processes

5 Aeolian processes Glacial and periglacial processes

6 Coastal processes Soil formation

7 Soil conservation Historical biogeography

8 Physical limits on biota Understanding place

9 Homo sapiens in the ecosystem Wilderness and place

10 Quantifying intangible values Geoconservation

11 Biodiversity conservation Challenges of the commons

12 Challenges over forests Challenges over tourism

13 Challenges over technologies Challenges over economy, close

Getting ready for exam revision?Please do not hesitate to contact me about any aspect of lectures in KGA171.

Mobile 0409 956 384

Landline6226 2462

[email protected]

For issues related to unit coordination, see [email protected] and for issues related to workshops see either [email protected] or [email protected].