18 8 5. VICTORIA. AUSTRALASIAN STATISTICS FOR THE YEAR 1884 (TWELFTH J'EAR OP li:JSUE), COMPILED FROM Ol<,FICIAL RETURNS; WITH A REPOR'l: · I'ltl!:SENTED 'lO BOTH HOUSES OF PARLIAMENT BY HlS EXCELLENCY'S COMMAND. gl 12 .;\,utltl)1'ity : JOHN l•'EHRES, GOVERNllrENT MELBOURNE. No 81
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18 8 5.
VICTORIA.
AUSTRALASIAN STATISTICS
FOR THE YEAR 1884
(TWELFTH J'EAR OP li:JSUE),
COMPILED FROM Ol<,FICIAL RETURNS;
WITH
A REPOR'l:
· I'ltl!:SENTED 'lO BOTH HOUSES OF PARLIAMENT BY HlS EXCELLENCY'S COMMAND.
gl 12 .;\,utltl)1'ity : JOHN l•'EHRES, GOVERNllrENT PRINTl<~R, MELBOURNE.
No 81
Preparation-Not given. Printing (1,160 copies)
APPROXIMATE COST OF PAPER.
,£ •• d.
40 0 0
CONTENTS.
SUMMARY FOR TWELVE YEAHS
REPORT
TABLE I.-POPULATION
H.-BIRTHS, DEATHS, AND MARRIAGES
"
"
III.-IlLMIGRATION AND EJI4IGRATION
IV.-PUBLIC REVENUE
"
"
"
V.- " EXPENDI'l'UHE
VI.-EXPENDlTUHE FlWJM LOANS
VII.-:-PUBLIC DEBT
, VIII.-IJ.\.il'OHTS AND EXPOHTS
"
"
"
"
IX.-SHIPPING ...
X.-RAILWAYS
XL-POSTAL RETUHNS .•.
XII.-ELECTRIC TELEGRAPHS
, XUI.-CHOWN LANDS ALIENATED
" XIV.-STATE EDUCATION
" XV.-AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS-LAND IN CULTIVATION ••.
, XVI.-" , PRODUCE OF CROPS
, XVJI.-LIVE STOCK
APPENDIX,-STATISTJ;CS OF FlJI-SUM.MARY FOR SEVEN YEARS
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Page
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7
11
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13
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14
15
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SUlVIMARY OF AUSTRALASIAN STATIS'l'ICS, FROM 1873 TO 1884.
1 For loJ.cl'lt information respecting the popuW.tion of three of the colonies, see footnotes to T!tble. I. pod. , . . " d h "The Rev~nue and Expenditure of Victona in an the years Bpecified, and of Queen&ln,nd for the seven yea.rs t876 to xSS;, aN for the twelve months ended 3oth June. In other msta.nces the mformauon relat.oo to the years enue 3rst Decem er.
Victoria see footnote (z.)tb 'l'a.ble IV.po6t. ( T "I "''II , ' ~For inforrr.:.ation respecting the Public Debt of Victoria to the 3oth June, I88S, also respeet~ng tht} "Accrued Sinking Fund of New Zealand," ~ee foo~nOt€$ (t) aod 4) to an e r • posh "-Including land under permanent artificial grass in a.11 the colonies except Western Au:stralia and New Zealand. See footinotes (2 and 8) to 'fu!lle XV. post.
*Where aste1i.sks occur the iniormation has not been furnish-ed.
For later information respecting ~Including beans and pease, except in the ca.se of New Sou;,h Wales and New Zealand. '?i lncludirJg land in fullow in most of the colonies. See footnote (l) to Table XV. post.
1878 I' ~Tasmania x879 1 r8So I 188r I 1882 1883 I x88+ !J
? For ex;p!anation oi apparent falling off in the shipping rdurn<> of Queensl2..nd, see footnote to Table IX. post. 8 In Lhe ?\:ew !oi:cu..ln.nd re1;urns the lli.nd unda permanent <tl'tiftcial grass, which in other colonies is classed wJtb grc<Jn foragc1 is not considered as under cultivation. See footnote (8) to Tabl~ XV. po~t.
HENHY HEYLYN HAYTER, Government Statist of Victoria.
B
5
Sm,
REPORT.
OFFICE OF THE GovERNMENT STATIST,
Melbourne, 10th Octo her, I 8 8 5.
I have the honour to present the full tables of the Australasian Shttistics for the year I 884.
2. On the 2 sth August, a summary containing the leading features of these Statistics was published by me in the Government Gazette for general information. All the details required for eompleting the present tables had not then reached me, and some delay has occurred in obtaining them from certain of the . colonies, to which it has been necessary to make repeated references before accurate information could l)e procured. Henee the reason that the present tables have not been puhlished sooner.
3. The information given in the Australasian Statistics of previous years has been brought on to date and considerably added to, the total numher of tables ( exelusive of the table relating to Fiji) being now 17, as against I 3 last year and only Io in the previous year. The following are some of the points on which fresh particulars are given upon the present occasion :-
Tahle IV.-Public Revenue. The portion of the revenue of each colony set down under the head of taxation is divided, so as to show separately the amount raised from Customs duties. The revenue derived from post and telegraphs is also distinguished.
No. SI.
Table V.-Public Expenditure. This is altogether a new table, the statement of expenditure having been on former occasions given in a single column embodied in the same table as the revenue. The total amount expended in each colony is now divided, so as to show the expenditure on railways, post and telegraphs, interest and expenses of public deht, immigration, and other services.
' . Table VI.-Expenditure fi·om Loans. This is alsD a uevr table ; it contains
a statement of the expenditure during the year of the proceeds of loans raised in each colony on railways, on water supply, on immigration, and on other services.
Table VII.-Public Debt. In addition to the total amount of the public debt of each colony, this tahle contains for all the colonies~ except New Zealand, a statement of the proportions borrowed for railways, for water supply, for immigration, and for other purposes.
Table X.-Railways. To the information previously embodied in this table the receipts and working expenses of the railways are now given, as 1s also the capital cost of the railways in all the colonies.
c
4f)fj
8
Table XI.-Postal Returns. This ts a new table. It shows for all the colonies the number of post offices, and the number of letters and postcards and of newspapers despatched and received.
Table XII.-Electric Telegraphs. Ou former occasions, some information respecting the eleetric telegraphs was embodied in the same table as the rail ways. The present table contains not only the length of line and wire open and being erected, as before, but also a statement of the number of telegrams received and despatched and the amount rceeived for transmitting telegrams in the different colonies.
Table XIII.-Crown Lands. This table has been considerably altered. Besides the information usually given, it distinguishes the land sold by auction from that otherwise alienated, and gives, where possible, particulars respecting the extent granted without purchase, sold, and selected under the deferred payment system in the vadous colonies from their first settlement, so as to show the extent of the unalienated residue of the public estate at the present time. It is to he regretted that the information is not complete in regard to 'Vestern Australia and Tasmania.
4· The Statistics of Fiji, as in previous years, are not combined with tllose of the other colonies in the general tables, hut are published in a separate table after the others. ·
5. The present being the twelfth issue of the Australasian Statistics, the folding sheet at the commencement· now contains a summary of the items for each year from I 87 3 to I 8 84.
6. In my last year's report upon the Australasian Statistics I pointed out that the estimates of population were not reliable in any of the colonies. These estimates, as I have often explained, are based upon the excess of registered births over registered deaths, and the excess of recorded arrivals by sea over recorded departures hy sea, applied to the population as brought on from year to year from the census as a starting point. The deaths and the arrivals hy sea are recorded with an amount of accuracy which leaves little to he desired ; hut a certain number of the births and of the departures by sea escape notice. The non-registration of births would, of course, cause the estimates to under-state the truth; but so much care is now exercised in all the colonies under well-organized registration systems, that the estimates are only slightly affected by this cause. The defective record of departures hy the seaboard is, however, a serious matter, and it is to be regretted the respective colonies do not see the desirability of adopting a more perfect system. As it is, those leaving the various colonies unrecorded are far in excess of the infants whose births are not registered, and so the estimates of population always under-state the truth. It will be remembered that the last census showed that, by au accumulation of ovC'r-estimates extending over ten years, the estimate of the population of the Australian continent was then too high by IOI,26o. It is probable that a general census of the Australasian colonies taken at the present time would show that the numbers of the population of this continent, as given in Table I., had been OYer-stated hy fully half that number, and that the estimates for the insular colonies were· also too high hy a somewhat similar proportion. Of course it is possible that in one or more of the continental colonies the unrecorded loss by the seaboard may be wholly or partially made up by arrivals overland from some of the other of those colonies; but this will ohviously not affect the over-estimates of Australia taken as a whole.
9
7· I should poiht out that the Victorian returns of revenue and expenditure are prepared upon a different principle from those of New South Wales; the overpayments to the revenue, afterwards refunded, being in the Victorian statements placed in parallel columns with the amounts received, and at once deducted therefrom, the net amounts being placed in a third column, which is always dealt with as that showing the revenue. In New South 'Vales, on the other hand, the refunds are not deducted from the revenue, hut are placed under the head of expenditure1 both revenue and expenditure thus being swelled thereby. It is not easy fi·om the official statements of "Puhlie Accounts" in I\ ew South Wales to ascertain the full extent to which this expansion of hoth sides of the account occurs; hut it can be easily asceitained from the statement for 1883 that in that year at least £232,599, viz., £194,948 set dmvn as refunds and £37,65I as dmwbacks on the re-exportation of dutiable goods, are included in and go to swell both the revenue and the expenditure of that colony, whereas they would not be so included in Victoria. It is not known whether a similar system of cross-entry prevails in the other Australasian colonies, but· it is probable that such entries are not so rigidly excluded in any of the colonies as they are in Victoria.
8. Until the last two years it was the practice in Queensland to enter vessels arriving in and departing from the colony at every port they called at along the coast, the shipping returns of that colony being unduly swelled thereby ; hut '''ithin the period named this has been rectified, and the vessels now are counted only once, viz., at the final port of arrival and departure. The Collector of Customs in New South 'Vales, Mr. James PoweH, informs me that a somewhat similar practice has prevailed as between Sydney and Newcastle, vessels with cargo on hoard which called at the two ports being set do\vn as entered and cleared at both, which, of course, has gone to swell incorrectly the returns of the New South 'Vales shipping, taken as a whole. Mr. Powell tells me, however, that he has ordered a separate local account to he kept at Newcastle in future, so that, after this, the returns will be accurate and upon the same principle as those of Victoria, where, no matter .lww many ports ships may call at, they never appear more than once in the returns.
9· 'Vith reference to the returns of imports, I may remark that there is reason to believe the values are considerably over-stated in some, if not all, the colonies. This probably arises from the fact that the price set down in the merchant's invoice is that upon which the Customs valuation is based, whereas the invoice price, ou the hasis of which sales are effected in the colony, is often purposely entered much above the actual value. This was pointed out in a carefully written article entitled "The Customs Returns for I 884,'' published in the S,ydney .l~fonzing HeTald of the 22nd ult., where it was clearly shown that the Customs value set on goods in New South 'Vales was in many instances even higher than the retail price of those goods in that colony; and that in I 884 the over-valuation of imported sugar amounted to £25o,ooo,
. of tea to £I 5o,ooo, of dried fruits to £ 5o,ooo, of jams and jellies to £2 5,ooo, of rice to £4o,ooo, of cement to £55,ooo, and of preserved fish to £3o,ooo. So thnt these seven articles, valued according to the Customs returns at £2, I 54,6 I 2, were really worth only £I,554,612, or £6oo,ooo less, a difference of 28 per cent., whieh propQrtion, applied to the total declared value of imports iu New South Wales, would reduce it from £22,826,98 5 to £I 6,435,ooo. It is not, howeYer, believed that all the goods are over-valued in the same proportion as those named. I have examined the Victorian returns, so far as time has permitted, aud find that the over-valuations disclosed
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respecting the New South Wales returns apply equally to them, except in the case of the goods subject to ad valorem duties, the value of which, for obvious reasons, is not over-stated. It is believed that the exports are also over-valued, especially so far as the article wool is concerned, but that the total is not affected to the same extent as that of the imports. I intend to look further into the matter, but may remark that, from the indefinite manner in which many articles are returned in the various colonies, e.g., cotton, linen, silk, or woollen "manufactures," "haberdashery and millinery," "drapery," &c., also from the fact of the number of packages being often given
. instead of the number, weight, or measurement of the articles, considerable difficulties lie in the way of arriving at accurate conclusions.
10. These Statistics will, as usual, be carefully dissected and commented upon in future issues of the Victorian Year-Book.
I have the honour to be, Sir,
Your most obedient servant,
HENRY HEYLYN HAYTER,
Government Statist. The Honorable the Chief Secretary,
&c., &c., &c.
A USTILALASIAN S'l'A'l'ISTICS, 1884.
TABLE I.-POPULATION, 1884.
(Exclusive o.f Aborigines, except a few in Victoria and New South ·wales.)
On the 31St December. Estimated Mean Population of the Year.
Same of Colony. I I
Females. • Total. l\fales.
Victoria 87,884 $10,6)9 IIJ' 32 444,46o 946,100
Sew South Wales 30<),175 511,~57 911,268 • ~~·69 So·~ 399,4~< I 89s.~s9
Grand Total 3,07),0)0 1,76J,664 I ,469,377 J,1}l,O.j.I IlO'OJ 8J'll },1~,032
~OTE.-In consequence of pcrsoug leavin~ by mea with nut their departure being recorded, there is no doubt that, in most of the colonies, the c~timatcd population, as given in the table, 1s higher than the a.ctnn.l population; aud although it may be possible, ln the case of a continentn.l colony~ that the loss by may be made up by overland immigrnt.:on at the expense of its neighbours, yet, until some better syst€m of recording the departures by sea adopted, the figures for the insular colonies and for the whoie of Australia nnd the whole of Australasia will a.Jv,:ays overstate the truth.
1 On the 3ctlt June, 1885, the estimated p(lpu1a.tion of Vletoria was 973,403, viz., 517,71.6 males and 455,677 females •
.., On the 1oth June, r885, the estimated population of New South ·wales was 947,986, viz., 57..7 1917 males and 42.01o6l} females.
" On the 1st October, r885j the estimated total population of So,uth Australia vvu.s ]20A.5I.
TABLE H.-BIRTHS, DEATHS, AND MARRIAGES, 1884.
Same of Colony.
Total.
Victoria 14,844 14~006 11,505
Sew South Wales 17.417 16,5~9 8,325 5,895 14,220
Queensland 5.399 s,z.So 10,679 4.6g4 ~,167 6,861
;-;outh Australia 6,o51 5.796 II,847 2,638 2,151
'\Yestern Australia 564 s;o '·"'>4 459 248
Total 00 44,275 42.,141 86,416 23,791 !6)291
Tasmania 2,251 l,f83 8o7
~ ew Zealand ••
Grand Total
l- 'l~he numbers in these two columns doubled give the total number of per&on& married u.nd UJe number married ln proportion to every thousand of the mean population.
' In calculating these results the moan populatlons shown in the last column of Table I, have been used.
4(}9
12 A'CSTRALASIAN STATISJ'ICS, 1884.
TABLE III.-IMMIGRATION AND EMIGRATION, 1884.
Number of Immigrant:::.
Pnassisted. Total.
Name of Colony.
Victoria
New South Wales
Queensland
South Australia
West ern Australia
Total Tasmania
New Zcnlmul
Grand Total
- L_ ! [l 71.,202 49,901 Z.2,)CI 7X.11..C2.
64,918 49-972 22.5f41 72,486 25,638 36,883
39.495 !8,;66 ;S,o6r 10,406 3,735 14,14!
2r,668 10,554 J1..,1.)2.
II,N6 6.874 18,6•o
875 333
from 0;-~·,;z.h~ ~~~~:.uon and Emigmtlon in this table Is by sea. Xo official uceount ts, or enn be, taken of the 11umbcr of persons going overland 1
The figures in these columns understate the truth. 1\Iany persons lea\'C all the colonies hy scn wltltont their depart1ue being noted • .., In con:;equenc.'e of the Emigration returns bei.ng defective, s.s stated in the la~t footnote, th*" figures in these columns are too high. s According to Imperial retnriL;;;, the number of persons who left the United King(1om for the ALL'Itralaslan colonies In 1884 was 45,944, and the
number who returned to t.he United Kingdom from these ~olonles.was 8/J94· The excess in favour of departures was thus 37,2.50.
TABLE IV.-PUBLIC REVENUE, 1884. (Exclusive of Revenue .from Loans.)
Name of Colony.
Victoria 2 ••• • ••
New South Wales ... Queensland South Australia Western Australia.,.
Total
Tasmania• New Zealand
Grand Total
Customs Duties.
£ I,769,I08 I 17Z618I I
9I4,372 5I7,489 I I7,478
),045,258
Taxation.
Other Tax.es.J,
£ 549.4IZ 4
426,044 I76,o7J 46,352
9,86o
I 12o7,74I
I,ublic Revenue derived from-
Total Crown Railways. and Other Revenne. Lands. Sources.
Railways. by Taxation. Oth(\r La1ul~. . Teif'gra_phs. Sources. Head. Customs. Tow!. Source.s. I ·-· PC'r Ct·nt. £ s. d. £
Victoria' ... ... ... 39' 07 I 18 0 0
N cw South 'Vales ... ... 30~2..5 I ,g 7 0
Queensland ... ... 4°'79 3 I 3 0
South Australia ... . .. 27'84 I IJ 7 0
We8tern Austmlia .• ... i 43 ·86 3 12 8 0
Total ... ... 34·66 2 0 II 0
Tasmania' ... ... 6z·66 I I9 9 0 X cw Zealanll ... ... 50'.j.2 2 !I 0 0
Grand Total ••• I 37.97 2 2 8 0
N'oTE.------The finant'ial year terminates on tllc JOtll.June in for Victoria, but the gross revenue for .N;.:vo SoL;th \Vales and probaldy
1 The amonnts in this column nrc made UJl of Excise other than those for fees of otlicc; le.;.:at:J', suctc~rion, nnd pl'Ohat<'· Govcru:nent,lcvied distinctl~· at: n. t;JX; 1\ut (!XdtuUug f{'('S, licences, awl
--~~
s. d. £ s. d. £ 8. d. £ 8. .! £ s. d. I£ s. d. £ s. d. II 10 2 9 10 0 I 5 5 2 4 81 0 7 6 0 IO I 6 7 6
9 6 2 8 I I I9 2 2 II , I 0 9 I I 0 IO 5 ~ Ig 0 :>! 8 II 9 3 '3 0 2 2 s z 2 4' 0 IO I I 0 [0 + I9 0
3 0 I 16 7 I 5 7 , I '9 5 0 11 II 0 '7 ~ .. ~ II 3
but ou the JISt December in all tlu• other colonie:". Tbe net revenue is given for the oth.or colonies. Sec paragraph 7 of He port ante.
in(;ludin,g lh:cnces impo~Pd 'for re\'CIIUC purposes~ dutie:-; on Lank note_..; stamps, aml income taxes ; and any other impost, payable to the General
rendered. 2 According to a pr€limlmu:y stn,h:'meut made Hp in
dtn•in~ the year ended Jctll Ju:1c, 1885, \Ye-rt: a~ foltu\Y from :uaihvays~ £:1,:z:;:;c,o67 from other sourcel'1 £88o,o.p -'foto.l revcnucj
of the Lcgislau-ve Assembly, the figure~ for Victoria. otllee taxc~. £624,162 ~ from Crown luwlF:, £666,845; total ('Xpenlliturc, £6,:112.5I7. The estimated mean
expenditure per head -..vns £6 9s. 5d.; and tile taxation population of the same was 96c,ooo; tlwrcfore the revenue pet· per head was £2. I 38-
:J The figures for Tasmania are subjl•ct to future "' The proportion of the revenue of V!rtorjn a.nd New 5 In ealcnlating the amc•unts for Victoria., the
of tnean population shown in the last column of Table
from " Otber Taxes" ha~ the year 188;-4 (930,94c)
p .. 'lrtly estimate1t been tnkeu. :For the other eo lonies the figures
AUSTRALASIAN STATISTICS, 1884. 13 ~------·--·-
!\·amc of Colon}'.
Victoria' New South Wales Queensland South Austmlia Western Australia
Total
Tasmania' Xew Zealand
Grand Total
N nmc of Colony.
Victoria' ::-few South ·wales Queensland ... South Australia \V estern Australht
Total
Tasmania 3
New Zealand
... !
.•• I • ~. !
TABLE V.-PUBLIC EXPENDITURE, 1884. ( E.,clusive of Expendit!ire from Loans.)
l'ui;lie Expenditure on-
Railways. Intcrf'st
Post IDHl and Expenses of Jmmigra.tlon~ Telegraphs. l'ubUc Ucllt.
£ £ £ £ 50I,260 1,2I 5,070 47 47l,2)4 1,07 I ,o66 ·5o,Szo 28!,417 709,265 I 11$24 200,628 6o6,734 J3,641
II 4 7 ... }\oTE.~ For !.late on,, hi eh the financmJ year terminates in eneh cotolly, see Sote to last table. 'l'he net cx.}}enditnrc is giYell for t'ittoria, hut the
grOMS cxpcnditnrc for :New South '\Vales and probably also ful' the other colonle8-. See paragrtlph 7 of Report ante. 1 For later figures of Victorian expenditure, Fif'C footnote 1. to last table. :. 1'his amount was not actually cxpewlcd durlug the ye.::tr, but was appropriated to form an" Imlnigl'ation Fund." ,, 'l'he 1igures for Tasmania n.re subject to future rcvh•ion. '* In ea1culating the amnunts for Yietoria. the mean population during the year 1883-4 (9J0:940) has been taken, For the other co1oni~s the
:figures of mean popuin.1ion shown 1n the lai:'t column of 'l'ablc 1. have becu used.
TABLE VI.-EXPENDITURE FROM LOANS, 1884.
Expenditure from Loans on-
:Name of Cotony.
Railways. ''"nter Supply .. Immigration.
£ Victoria New Sonth ·wales Queensland South Australia
6I,695
Western Australia
Total 61,695
Tasmania ... 20$,701 13,679 New Zealand 769,2 I4 9·I78 98,232
Grand Total ... 7,Io6,3o2 812,879 I7J,6o6
Name of Colony. Railways. Water Supply. Immigration. Other Purposes.
£ ... d. £ ... d. £ s. d. Victoria 0 6 7 0 2 3 New South Wales 0 8 2 0 8 6 Queensland 0 I 0 4 2 0 17 South Australia 0 7 Western Australia
Total 0 0 6
Tasmania I I2 0 0 2 2 5 ::-few Zealand 7 IO 0 0 4 4 II
Grand Total ... 2 2 0 5 2 0 I2 4
Total Expenditure fron Loans.
£ I,6oo,233 3,673.936 I,509,447 I,I4I,07I
I63,452
8,o88,IJ9
384,037 I,565,748
I0,037,924
Total Expenditure from Loans per
Head.
--------£ s. d. I I4 5 4 2
13 0
7 IO 8
9
NoTE.~In this table the figures for Victnria relate to the year end~(l 3oth June, r884; those for South AustraUa: to the year ended 3oth Jllne, 1885; hut those for the other CC'lonies to the year ended 31st Deeember, 1884.
411
14 AUSTRALASIAN STATISTICS, 1884.
TABLE VII.-PUBLIC DEBT, 1884.
(On the 3ut December.)
Public Debt contracted for
Name of Colony. Totall'ublic Debt.
Railways. Water Supply. Immigration. I Other l)urpescs.
--~-~--- ------- ~-~--------- ·---
£ £ £ I £ £
Victoria l ... . .. 21,617,673 3,482,074 . .. 2,426,920 2],526,667
New South Wales 2 ... 24,340,191 1,057,674 387,663 4.3•6,43' :;o,Io1,959
South Australia ... 29 17 0 3 17 5 ... '5 IS 0 I 49 9 5 7'64
Western Australia ... x6 17 10 ... . .. 6 6 5 23 4 3 2'64
I
Total ... ... 26 I 5 2 8 3 0 18 0 6 3 9 35 II 5 5'00
Tasmania ... . .. 9 15 I I ... I 14 IO 12 19 IO 24 IQ 7 5'83
New Zculand ... ... " * .. .. ss 4 8 8·86
Grand Total ... * .. "' .. 39 I 7 5'67
-Where asterisks occur the infoimation has not been furnished or cannot ba completed.
• On the Joth June, 1885, the Public Debt of Victoria was £JI,757,407. The estimated population at that date was 97l.40J, and the approximate revenue nf tlle financial year ended with that date was £6,1.90,651· The amount of indebtedness per head was thus £J2. JZs. 6d., and the debt was equivalent to s·os years' revenue.
' New South Wales has just (7th October, 1885) floated in Lonclon a fresh loan of £s.soo,ooo, which increases her debt by that amonnt.
:l Including £959;300 contracted for railways iu the Northm·n Torritory. · "' For the old provincial loans of ::S~w Zealand no details of the purposes for which they were raised can 00 given; but out of a total or£zt,8oo,954
ex}H'IH1ed from the Loan Account sin('-C 1870~ £11,616,754 was for UaHwa.n:-1, £54Z,Zt.9 for Wa.tcrn·orks (gold-fields only), £t.,OC)3,94t. for lmmigratiour an<l £7.548,oz9 for other purposes. The Accrued Sinking Fund of .New Zealand amounted on the 31st December to £•,9B3,40J. 'fhe net liability \vu.s therefore £19,877,579·
s In calculating these results, the populations on the JISt December shown in the :flftb column of Table I. have been used~
o: In calculating these results, the figures of public revenue given in Table IY. have been used.
·'
AUSTRALASIAN STATISTICS; 1884. i5
TABLE VIII.-IMPORTS AND EXPORTS, 1884.
'rotat Vnlue of Import>. Total Value of Exports.
~a.mc oi Colouy.
Victorht New South \Vales Queensland South Australia Western Australia
Tasmania New Zealand
Grand Total
Same of Colony.
Victoria ~ew South ·wales Queensland South Australia \Y estern Australia
Total
Tasmania ~ew Zealanu
Grand Total .... i
}'rom other Atu:itralasian
Colonie:s.
.£ 6,475,915 8,I7J,268 3,525,077 1,846,126
254,121
.J!~rnm other Austral!:tl'iim
Colonies.
£ ... d. 6 16 Il
9 2 7 II !6 1
5 19 8 7 17 3
8
7 4 11
2 19 2
7 4 6
From other Countries.
£ ... d. 13 9 0 16 7 4
9 11 4 12 12 !I 8 2
13 17
13 10 18
13 0
Total. To other
Au~traln&ian Colonies.
To other Couttt-ries.
£ 10,223,639 9,868,g67 1,815,291 4.757.788
339.186
27,004,871
Ya.lue per Head of Export.P. 1
To·ot11er To other Total. Australa.:;:.ian Countrjcs.
Co1onies.
£ s . d. d. 20 5· 11 2 19 4 25 9 II 6 20 7 10 21 7 5 6 15 12 11 !8 12 7 3 21 9 2 16 2 s 10 12. 11 0
~o't'E,-Tlwre is reason to hcUeYe that both imports aml exporh. (e:specjn,llr the former) nre overvalued in most of the colonies. 1 ln calculating these results, tile mean popula.tions shown in the last column of •raiJlc I. have liecn used.
TABLE IX.-SHIPPING, 1884.
Total.
::-lame of Colony.
Vessels. To us. Vessels. Tuns. Vessels. 'fons.
----------: -------. ' Victoria I 1,986 I,S6g,I62 1,g8g 1,582,425 3,975 3,1SI,587 New South Wales 1 I 2,093 2,284,517 J1010 2,376,441 ) 1 10J 4,66o,gs8 Queensland"
I 1,042 572,124 1,061 579,g88 2,103 1,1 :)2,1 12
Houth Au"trnlia 1,120 909,335 I 1I I I 92 5,197 2,231 I,834,532 We>tern Australia ••• I 231 227,88! 211 21),005 442 442,886 -------Total 6,472 5,s6 3,ot 9 7,382 s,679,os6 IJ,854 11,242,075
1 In consc,lucnce of vcssols with cargoes on hoard which ua.U at Sydnc,.v a.wJ Newcastle being counted at both ports, the figures for New Sonth Wale• somewhat over-state the tmth.
11 Th~ _figu1·es relating ~o Q~eens_land hfwe ht"en mnch s~na.llcr in the last, two ;rears than in previ()us ones,. in consequence of vessels arr1vm~( a.t and dcpa.rtmg from Qt:eem;la.nd port.s, b?t wh1ch happen to put l!lto other. ports ?f Queensland on thcu voya.ge
1 being only
counted once, v1z., at the final port of a.rrtval or departure, mHtcad of at each port or call us 111 prevwu;; years. It has been pointed out that the footnote to a tttUlc tihuilat· to thh; in the Australa:sian ~tati:;.tict>, 1883, was uot strictlv currod inabmuch ru; Ye$~H::.l::~ Cll'"atred solely iu the coat!tlug trade ha' c nc...-er Uecu h1dudctl in the ret~rn::~ of (lueenslaud. " ' 0
D
No. 81. D
4l3
11) AUSTRALASIAN STATISTICS, 188.t.
TABLE X.-RAILWAYS, 1884.
On the 31st December.
Name ol Colony. Ua.ilvta;rs Open. Ucecipts during Working Expenses
Year. during Year. in Course
1----~~ Construction.
Length. Ca.r;ital t!o~t.
--- ------~---- I· ----~ ---- ---
Miles._ £ Miles. £ £
Victoria ... ... ... 1,663 21,89J,386 39 1 1,119,023 678,749
New South 'Vales 2 ... 1,665 zo,o8o,q8 391 z,o86,237 1,3or,zs9
Q ueensland ... ... 1,207 8,631,835" 746. 6J0,6JI 35?.53 5 South Australia ... ... r,o;g 7,273,520 263 6o6,539 3sz,723
Western Australia .•• ... uS s 38r,88; 48 zo,8og 18,114
New Zealand 7 ... ... 1,570 II 1810,194 158 1,045.712 6go,oz6
---~----
Grand Total ... 7.497 71,864,897 1,8o4 ;,623,719 3,524,154
J 1 In Victoria., besides the lines in Course of construction, there were r,z.c_t miles authorized but not commenced. (I Including 45 miles of J1rlvate railw-ay, but exclusive of 3) rt1iles of GO\'ernment tra.m\\"ay. The gross receipts from the ln.ttcr amounted
to £111,454, and the working expenses to £.zr),o86. :s Including cost of lines in progress. • Including railways authori~ed. ' Including 41 miles of privat-e railway. « Including 170 miles of private lines,. of which u:z. miles are guo.ranteed the Government. These were construt:ted at a capit.a1 cost of
oCI,318,445; ~nd in t884 yielded a gross revenue of £8;,6<)3, whilst the working amounted to .£75,195·
' The fignres for New Zealand a.re for the yea.r ended 31st March, 1885. A private railway, 91 miles in length, is ineluded.
TABLE XI.-POSTAL RETURNS, 1884.
! Number Despatched and Heccivcd of-
Ntmlc of Colony. Number of Post Offices.
Letters and Post Canis. Newspapers.
-------- ""··-
Victoria ... ... . .. 1,342 33,40J,884 15,14),067
New South 'Vales ... ... 1,o85 42,237,000 2 s,o6J,soo
Queensland ... "' ... 569 8,929,825 7,5°2.7 59
South Australia ... . .. 555 12,osr,482 6,890,810
Western Australia .... . .. 78 1124I,426 949.55(>
Total ... ... ... 3,629 9?,863,617 55.549,69 2
Tasmani(l, ... ... .. . 234 3,828,o87 3,J31,198
New Zealand ... . .. 967 J6,411,40I 14,093.742
·-1-Grand Total ... ... 4,830 1j8,1CJ,I05 72,974,632
N!tmc of Colony.
Victoria New South Wnles Queensland ... South Australht ·western Australia
Total
Tasmania" New Zealand
Grand Tot:tl
AUSTRALASIAN STATISTICS, 1884.
TABLE XII.-ELECTRIC TELEGRAPHS, 1884.
4,020 9·755 6,979 ),230 I,885
On the ;rst December.
34,806
Jiilcs of Wil·c.
8I 6;8 336 72
450
1.)97
45 I88
I,83o
Total.
8,I 36 19,339 II,6J6 7,905 2,347
49.363
1 1761 ro,66z
6I,786
17
Telegratus Received and Receipts.' Despatched
during the Y car.
£ I,594·2 96 8?,607 z,334,052 I46,386 I 1 I22,55J 74,887
7JI,rz.8 73,8 SI g6,I84 6,437
389,r68
204,I52 1 7:7I7 I,654,305 8o,6z6
7·736,670 487,5II
1 The [!.mounts received are not strictly comparahlc with the telegrams received ancl despatched, since many public telct,rmms are included, ·which are tra.nsmittcd free of cost.
;! Including •H milPS of poles and wire bclongiug to thf: :\Iain Line Hnllwa~· Company; ahw the ~ra~ni.a.ninn cable. 18o miles long-·wllich also belongs to a private comp::my~ supported by Government g'tlUrnnt~e-couneeting- Tasmnuia. with the Austn\.lian (:untinen~, ut Flindcrs; Viduria. The number of telegrams transmitted on sndi prhrnttllincJ:~ in 1884 '"as 47.;u, and the revenue thercfrmn was X8,7o7,
TABLE XIII.-CROWN LANDS ALIENATED AND IN PROCESS OF ALIENATION.
Hming the Y mr '8R4.
Area in Acres. Selected under ~ystem of
Name of Colony. Deferrorl Pnyments.
A veragc rrtce Atca. Purehasc per Acre. J\[oney;.t
Acres. £ £ s. d. Acl'es. £
'43,648 4 734,092 750,492 433.338 I 9 5 1,453.937 I,526,2o1
'victo.rirt )6,245.760 New South Wales 197,872,000
c. 'Vllere astcl'isk:s ot.:cur the information has not been furnished or ~nnot be complete[t 1 lucludln~ land soli! by pri"·atc contrat't, &c.,
GrtiJJtcd without
Purchase,
AcreR.
74 6,725
29 20,000
7;877
34>705
* IZI,6I I
"'
Acre;;;,
21,737.940 40,677,733 II 1243 1900 10,67o,572
I,9s6,5go
Acres.
769,6I2 1,7)4,84z
643,817 56J,020
7&,6JI
3,8091922
69,6I6 266,380
41I45 1gi8
Extent neithert A HeiJa.ted nor
in Proees~· ~ of AUenati~";l. '
Acres.
34.507,820 I 57,I94,267 416,4I9,460 567, )21 14Z8 62z,6J2,21o
1,798,2751185
12,476,nz 48,276,o241
1,s59,oz7,32t
::. The purdtn~e money of lanfi selecte1l during 1884 in Quef'Of'lanll 1 Western Australia, and Sew ZoalatHl-.which wa3 not rttrnishc(l-lut~ been t>,alculated a.t the eatimatC>d rates of zos., 10s., an1l)c:s. rtcr :w1·e jn the thn:e colonteR rrspcctlvely. In 'l'aKmn.uia the purchase money of land ~:~old try auction is not distlnguislled from that ot land fiClf'cted, but the total amount of }iurchase monc;v was £g6,;gl.,
" fndudiog only that of ,vhiCh the pnrc11a~e ha.s been eomplat(•!l. • Exclusive of the extent estimated to have Ueen forfelted for nou .. fultilment of condition~. &c. 5 Inclwlin~ land granted without purchase. s Included with tlle s.rt•a." Sol(l in fee 8imple." ' 01 thla extent about 16,ooo,ooo acr·es belong to the ~Iaoris, or to Europeans wlro have purehnsed from them,
4l5
Hl AUSTRALASIAN 1-:\TA.TISTICS, 1884.
TABLE XIV.-STATE EDUCATION, 1884.
At the 1-:n<l of 1884. Numher of 8cl10htrs on the llollE<, t884. 1
Name of Colony,
Victoria Xew South 'Wales Queensland South Australia 'V esteru Australia
Total
'l'asmn.nin Xew Zealand
Grand Total
N:mw of Colony.
Victoria Xew South Wales Queensland South Australia 'Vestern Australia
Total AmonnL Head of ~lean Scholars~ l'opu lation.
£ £ ... d. 559.344 0 II IO 12 774·357 0 I/ 4 2
I 39,508 0 9 4 0 2 102,143'' 0 6 7 7 2),264
9.470 0 5 IO 4 6 I,JJ2 --------
1,)84,842 0 12 9 r6 Il 87,8 59
,j.o,643 0 6 5 Il 5 7,887 33M79 4 IJ 0 65s'
1,963,444- 0 I2 5 Il IO 96,4-04
NoTE.--The State SYHtmn of education is compUll:lol'y am1 un~denomtnntimml (or sceulur) in all the colonies, nn<l w·c.stern Australln i$UOW the only tolnny which g·rrutts asf.lh•tnnce to fleuominationai (private) s:thools. Publk ~U:'truction is frer· in Victoria, QU<'Cllf'laml, and Ne,\· Zt·aland; but fees arc clm.rg:cd in the other colonies, alt.houglt they arc ))iirtinlly or (•ntlrcly remitt.(•(l in cases \-vherc the lJUl'('litS nre unah1e to pay lhcrn. The prcM.:ribed school age dJffers in the ntrious colonies; in Vietoria it is from 6 to 15 ~'Clll'S, in Ne·w South W.atc:;.; from 6 to q, in Quceuslanil from 6 to 12., in South AustTa.Hn from 7 to 13. in 'l'asmauia frrnn 7 to 14. :mcllu New Zealand from 7 tu q :rear><. l•'ot' a cmuplde account of the educa[ional syst('mS of the nniou!'l see VMorian ,~~~ar-JJrmt: J88o-1h, pp. 43t to 459· •
t g'i"dn;; tile numher oT '':-:ehn!ar:. on the rolls," the colnnlc;<; lian• not tHhlptt>l1 n tlll.iftH"lll {n'iutiplc. The net f!uro7nu-nt (or•munlwr of di~tlnct "liildrC'n who attt•wk<l f<.tr tlu· whole or an~~ portion of the ;t't•ar) jf; ).!iYeu for Yit·lorl:t1 Nv.'\V South \Vales, alltl "\\'"<.•stern AnnraUa.; the mean quat·tel'ly enrolJI/Pift for (lucen~lnnd ami Xcw Zealand; the muuher on the ru!ls nt the cud M the yca.r for Western Anetrulin.; and, it is hcHeYed, the (tross
duriny f/i,.- !IHU' fnr 'l'a~n1ani11.. In ord(~t· to gin: ~ome hlen. of the n•lation o1' ntlmhtrs to cn.dt other, it may he Mtntcll that in Victoria, the mean <jltarlerf]t ,.nrolmr:ut w:tr: 7~ per cent. h-'K::., nud the !fJ'M.~ i'fu·olnu·ut 18 per more, than the net enrolment. Including 1,075 pupil tea~bers, hut CXt~lU~ive of 556 work~rni:-:trcsses-.
3 'l'llcsc 1igurcs have been c~thBrttC'd 1 as Information rc~p<_·ctiu;.; the sexes wn~> not SU])Iilied for the pretwnt return. " For extra t<u lJjects only. " Exdu;:.ive of cost of bulldlngs, &c.
TABLE XV.-AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS, 1884-5.-LAND IN CULTIVATION. "•* rrilC .Agrieultnral Stati~tic-::~ in most of tile colonies nl'e collected Jn the months of ~February or :\[art'h of ea-eh year. The [tre.kent returll& arc for
tllo:1e months of 1885. lu catculatfug the rates of tillage Iter hc~l, the population at the JtSt Deccmbert 1884, lats bccu taken.
~amc of Uolony.
Victoria New South Wales (,lueensland South Australia. \Vestern Austmlia
Total
Tasmania NinY Zealand •
Grand Total
.Yumbcr of Acres nn<lcl'-
'fotal. Hay.
-~------------~
Vines. Other Tillage.•
21 6,686' 49,212 76,oo7"
+63,494 16,876
1 lnclU<litlg beans and pease~ <·xccpt in the <.~fi$C of ~C\V Routh "\'\'"ttlt•saml 1:<\(•w Zco.lnnU. " [n udtlition to B:O'\\'n for the pnrposc of bcin:.:: e11t green for cnttJe, thi!:~ column f'Ontnins the following areas Iahl down in pcnnnnent artificial
~ru.-~s in the colonies :--Vktorin, J1.7,o6S acl'es; QuL•cn~laml, 12.,c97 aercs; Sonth .A ustmlia, :1.J,:1.17 acreB; 'Western Anstmlin (not returned) i Tasmania, x88,oq a.Cl"t!S. extent of such ln.ntl ia New Zealand, sec Xotl• 8.
3 [u the ret,urn8 of some of the colonies thi~ column emhrates laud in fallow as well as lancl ut11ler erop. The follo-..ving nre the areas in fullow included in the returns or snC"ll cotonit~s :-Victoria, 18),191 aeres; Quccnslnncl, n.,199 'fLCrcR; South Anstral!u, 450S36 acres; \Vestcru Australin, 4,739 acres; Tasmania~ 2.1,016 a.cres; ::New ZeahmJ, 159,314 acres. .
4 Including 664 acres utHlcr tu1'nlps, ('.arrot~. )Jarsnfps, C'allllugc, awl beet, \Ylllch tJrotlncod SA71 ton~; L41l a('reS under mangel wurr.el, which prndurcfl 2.1,935' tontl; r,750 :JCl'C!'I nwler oniour~ which JH'uthtCP.d 11,816tou:-; IA.o2.acrcs unttcr VlhfttTO, whlcll protlncctl7,893 cwt.; 219acresundcr chicory, which prmlUCf'd l,JCX) 1nns; 1,737 aet·es under hops, which produced q.,053 cwt.; 2.,32.9 a~rcs nwter g·rass sce•ls, wllkh pr()(lucetl 35.559 tm!l.hcls; &('_,
5 Inclnllin~ 49 tu:re~ under cotton, which protlu~cd tz.oso lb;;;.; 57,687 under sugar-(·nnet of whieh 29,930 acres were productive und yicJdc.•tl n,361 tons of sugar~; 352. acres under arrowroot, whkh prorlucf'd 574,768 Thfl.; 457 acres under oran;,res, whiph produced 141,285 dozen ; 731 ne res muler Lnuana::;:~ whieh prodm·etl6J9d44 rlozen; 312 aere~ under pine apple!>!) whlcll produced 101,512. dozen.
6 Induding 3,342 acres umlcr turnip.;. which pru:ittced zs,o58 tons; 2.)390 acres under gra~f' seeds, which yielcled ;o,S47 bushels; nnd 7,815 n.crcs ln gardens and orchard~. The re-rnaiml<'l' consisted oof fenced an cl cleared land, nut iiltrf{'tly under tillngc, and dcvMed to Jm.stornl]mrpo~es.
7 Ill eluding wp56 ncrcs under pt•n!>le ami lJen.Ul'; 4,87c :v·res nadC'r mangohb, h••et, carrot.':', parsnips·, &c.; 1,2.2& rv:res under hops; and 79 acres niHl<"r tnh IC<:o.
" Ju tile figures for Xew :l£nll1ud, the lawl nurtcr permanent nrtHi.dal gras:;, runountlng to 5,202,t64 acres-of which Z.,S92.,492. acre:;; had bceu. and ::.~666,341. u.cres had uot been, 1n·cviously ploughe•l-is not entered a::; ;:rccn forage~ nor. wHh the exception of 56l>70 neres, embracing sotne of tllc plough6d and son1e of the unploughed portion, the grass on whieiJ was mowed for Iw.,Y~ Js it includetl in the total area under tillage, a.s In the otlle.r colouico. Were the whole •o plated, it would bril•g- the Jan<l under tillage up to 6,493,7Z9 acres, or t.o ll'Sl acres per head of the [lO!>It!ntiou. ·
AUSTRALASIAN STATISTICS, 1884. 19
TABLE XVI.-AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS, 1884-5.-PRODUCE OF CROPS.
Name of Colony.
Victoria
New South Wales
Queensland ... ... South .Australia ••• ... Western Australia 2 ...
Total ... ... I Tasmania. ... ...
New Zealand ... ...
Grand Total ...
Name of Colony.
.. --·-""
Victoria ... ... New South Wales ... Queensland ... ... South Australia ... ... W cstern .Australia 2 ...
Total ... ... Tasmania ... ... New Zealand ... ...
6 54,638 I 829,611 \ I 67,036 ... 6,866,777 1 12,j6o,449 1,2o5,9o6 ...
l7 ,J57,8 371 'S,u 5 •'"+~ '•9' 5•"7' ; ,.so,> 67
Bushels per Acre of-
Wheat. Oats. i Barley.
j 9'52 23'40 !7'38
15"2 7 2I'87 I 21'16 I i
16'17 I)'I 7 24"73 I 7'53 12"20 l 13'48 '
IJ'OO 18"00 i
'16'50
8'89 i
22"85 1 I/'00
I ; 19'20
I z8·6s
I z:n8
25'43 34'84 30"37 i
i I
I0"2I I 30'22 21'40 I ! ' I
. .. 64,826
n,ooo
957,122
145.323
. ..
11102,445
. IIIa\zc.
i
i I
I
!61,119
JI,JJ5
1 s,s ss 23,192
1,5oo
233 1001
39-503
I2J,)04
396,oo8
i Other Cereals.' !
371,046
28o,31:>.
35.483
:>.8.),839
24,0)0
996,730
5s.ss7 79,868
11132,185
Tons per
Potatoes .
!
I
i !
i
------- ------I I 45"77 23·8o 4'16
I
25'86 14-"91 2')2
21"50 ... 2'92
... 14'09 4'10
17"00 14"00 3'00 I -----
24'81 22'32 3'71
I . .. 21'29 4'37
. .. . .. 5'78
------I :
24'35 I 21'&2 4'25 I
760,752
441,6IZ
95.358
473.535
81,750
Acre of-
Hay.
1'09
I'Z4
1'40
'93
1'00
1'08
1"24
1'41
I'IO
l Including beans and pease, except in the case of New South 'Vales and New Zealand. 2 The gross and average produce of crops in Westcm Australia ~s the result of o.n estimate made In that colony.
TABLE XVII.-LIVE STOCK, 1884-5.
'!'(*;,The T~ive Stock Stfl.tistics in most of the colonies are collected with the Agricultural StatiMtics, in the months of February a.nd March.
Name of Colony.
Horses.
-----~···-
Victoria zg3,846
New South Wales 3]0,603
Q1wensland 25J,I I6
South .Australia 168,420
Western .Australia Jj,I l!
·.rota! I 108J,096
Tasmania 2?,t88
New Zealantl I ... 161,736
Grand Total 1,272,020
The present returns are for those months of 1885.
Number of-
Cattle. Sheep, Pigs.
1,2S7,945 10,637,412 23+,347
1,336,)29 3'\379,87! 2II,6)6
4,266,172 9,3o8,9II 51,796
389,726 6,696,406 16),807
71,102 1,547,061 20,039
----7,351,274 5s,56 9,66x 681,645
128,834 I,j20*02f 57.303
698,637 q,os6,z66 ;o.oo,o83
--------8,1;8,745 7+.345.954 939,03I
~-----.. --··
'fot3l Sumber of ~tock o!
all Descrl})tlons to 1'otal. the i:"iquare 1\lile.
12,4)3,5)0 I4I'/O
32,zs8,459 104·34
I 3,879·995 20'77
7,418,359 8'i1.I
1,675,313 1"]2
22'99
73"30
145'32
1 The figures for horses, cu.ttlc, and pigs in New Zealand <\re derin;d fl'om t11e returns of the census of 1E8r.
No. 81. E
417
20 AUSTRALASIAN STATISTICS, 1884.
APPENDIX.
STATISTICS OF FIJI, 1878 TO 1884.
*** Fiji consists of from 70 to 8o inhabited islands, the estimated area of which is 7,740 square miles. There are also a number of smaller islands uninhabited. The total area of the group is said to be 8,034 square miles.
Year.
Estimated Population on the 31st December. Coolies only).
I
, .il Immigrants (Polyncsinns and
I Females. I Total. Births. I Deaths .I I Marriages. I ~-M-a-le-s-. -~-~-·c_m_a_l_es-.--,--T-o-ta-1-.-Males.
I884 ... ... ISO 63,246 I44 64,73I 38,325 610 4,6oo
--------·--· ------------
3,100
3.771
4,769
4.769
4,ooo
5.373
5,869
50,000
50,000
50,000
50,000
50,ooo
50,ooo
50,000
NoTE.--The follmnng additional information has been supplied for the year 1884 :-Jlfir;ration of lVhitP.~-Al'l'ivals, 1,o2o, 'iz., 766 males and 2.54 fem::tlcs; ctepartures, 1,073, viz., 834 maJcs and 239 females. SotJJ'tl's l!t' llerenaP-Cn!<toms duties, £41,167; other taxe::-;, £26,995; Crown lands, £1,215; Post office, £5,701; other sources, £16,445. Public Debt-Of the public debt onlr £15o,ooo bears interest; the amount pu.id during· the year for interest was £6,750. Rxports-Of the total value of exports, £277,94-7 was to the Australasian colonies, £.35,542 to Great Britain, and £31,855 to other countries; nearly the whole of the exports were of Fijian proctuction. Pust O{,fices-Number of offices, 35; letters,· 109,544; newspapers, ro7,943 ; I'evenue during the year, £5,701; expenditure, £2,590, State Education-Number of schools, 2; tca,chers, 6, viz., 2males u.ml-t females; scholars Oil the rolls, 299, Yiz., 158 males a,nd 141 females ; fees paid hy scholars, £241; net cost to State, including buildings, &c., £753· J1vriculture-LanU under cultinttion, 35,608 acres; of which 545 acres were under maize, which yielded 9,401 bushels.
1 It is believed lly the Ht•gistrar-Gencral of -F'iji that the lJirths, <leatlls. anU marriages here given are less than tlto:;::e "'llich achwll.r occurred. 2 The total area alienated at the ewl of 1884 ·was 350,726 acres. 'J'lw amount rea1izell tq t11e ~tate WflS only £2;.868, which, llo,.-en·r, rc>Jn·e,o.cnts
the })rice of bnt a small proportion of the acrengv alieuated. 'l'lle maiority of the grants issuell were fur lawls acqnircll IJy wttitu; anJ othc1·s preYluusly to anw.:xatiou, anll thet~e,rcceircd their titlcb at tlw numinal vrice uf One shillin:,;.
3 In aUJition to the li\·c stot"k referred to in these columns, 11,429 angora goats were kept on the islauJs.
Isy Authorjty: JonN l 1'EmlEE, Govcrnme:1t l'riuter, ).lcllJoErne.