August 2012 June 2011 Describe what was going on before the technology was developed and what the technology was. Discuss the impact that the technology.

Thematic Essay Review

August 2012

June 2011

Tasks Simply Put

• Describe what was going on before the technology was developed and what the technology was.

• Discuss the impact that the technology had

Printing Press• Before: Hand copied books• Invented by Gutenberg • Influenced by Chinese use of block

printing• Rapid spread of knowledge and ideas • Increased literacy and supply of books • Individuals challenged authority• Contributed to the spread of Protestant

Reformation

Factory System

• Before: Goods made at home and by hand • Goods began to be made in factories • Started in textile industry • First developed in England • Increased supply of goods • Goods made faster and cheaper • Child labor • Pollution • Led to urbanization as people moved into

cities

Tasks Simply Put

• Describe what was going on before. • What did the person do?• What was the person’s impact?

Martin Luther• Before: Catholic Church was dominate religious

force in Europe• Before: Religious unity in Europe• Luther was angered by corruption in Church and

sale of indulgences• Wrote the 95 Theses • Challenged Church’s authority • Ideas spread by Printing Press • Led to the Protestant Reformation • Lack of Religious unity in Europe Other forms of

Christianity formed • Religious wars in Europe broke out

Gandhi • Before: India was controlled by Britain• British killing of unarmed protestors at the

Amritsar Massacre increased calls for Indian independence

• Gandhi became leader of the Indian independence movement

• Supported peaceful, civil disobedience• Non-violent protest • Use of boycotts • Salt March • Homespum movement • Helped gain independence for India • Influenced civil rights and independence

movements around the world

August 2009

June 2008

Theme: Belief Systems

Tasks Simply Put

• What were the key beliefs? • What impacts did the belief system

have?

Hinduism • Religion started in India• No single founder• Caste System • Reincarnation of the soul• Karma • Dharma= religious and social obligations of your

caste• Ultimate goal is to reach Moksha • Ataman (soul) + Braham (universal spirit) =

Moksha • Caste System became the social class system of

India • Untouchables were discriminated against

Confucianism• Philosophy developed in China • Developed by Confucius• Wrote The Analects • The Five Relationships – Ruler to Subject – Father to Son – Husband to Wife – Older Brother to Younger Brother – Friend to Friend

• Following the Five Relationships would create social order and harmony

• Filial Piety

Confucianism

• Valued education over punishment• Influenced Chinese Civil Service

Exams • Valued good government – Allowed for social mobility

Theme: Change-Leaders/Ideas

Tasks Simply Put

• Provide some background on what was going on when the idea was developed?

• What were the ideas? • What influence did the idea(s) have?

John Locke• Before: Absolute monarchs ruled without the consent

of the people• Before: Scientific revolution began to challenge

traditional ideas • Enlightenment philosophers began to use reason to

understand natural law• Wrote the Two Treatises on Government• Believed all people born with natural rights • Life, liberty , property • Governments needed to rule with the consent of the

people• People had the right to overthrow gov’t that didn’t

protect natural rights • Influenced leaders of American, French, and Latin

American Revolutions

Mandela• Apartheid in South Africa segregated Blacks

from Whites• Apartheid was created to keep Whites

(Afrikaners) in power in S. Africa • only Whites could vote• Blacks forced to live in reserves or poor urban

areas known townships• Nelson Mandela became the leader of the

African National Congress – Fought to end apartheid – Was arrested and held in prison for 27 years

• Mandela Became the symbol of the fight against apartheid

Mandela

• International sanctions led by Bishop Desmond Tutu began to hurt S. Africa

• F.W. de Klerk released Mandela from prison and allowed Blacks to vote

• Apartheid ended • Mandela elected President of S.

Africa

Theme: Human Rights Abuses

Tasks Simply Put

• Provide some background on events that contributed to the event?

• What happened? • What attempts were made to correct

the violation or hold people responsible

The Holocaust• Hitler and Nazis scapegoated Jews for

problems faced by Germany after WWI • Hitler discussed his anti-Semitic views in

Mein Kampf • German Anti-Semitism led to Kristallnacht– Night of the Broken Glass – Jewish businesses and homes attacked and

vandalized

• Hitler passed the Nuremburg Laws to take away rights of Jews in Germany

The Holocaust• Hitler and Nazis developed the “final

solution” – Planned genocide of European Jews

• Established concentration camps to kill European Jews

• Holocaust resulted in the death of 6 million Jews

• Nuremburg Trials placed Nazi officials on trial for human rights violations and genocide for the first time – Sent message that individuals would be held

responsible for war crime and genocide

Apartheid in South Africa

• Before: Apartheid in South Africa segregated Blacks from Whites

• Before: Apartheid was created to keep Whites (Afrikaners) in power in S. Africa

• Before: only Whites could vote• Police kill protestors during Sharpsville Massacre

• Nelson Mandela became the leader of the

African National Congress • Fought to end apartheid • Was arrested and held in prison for 27 years• Became the symbol of the fight against S. Africa

Apartheid in South Africa

• International sanctions led by Bishop Desmond Tutu began to hurt S. Africa

• F.W. de Klerk released Mandela from prison and allowed Blacks to vote

• Apartheid ended • Mandela elected President of S. Africa• Truth and Reconciliation Commission to

deal with abuses during apartheid

Theme: Revolution

Theme: Political Revolution

French Revolution

• Enlightenment Ideas• Economic problems caused by Louis

14th spending– Built the Palace of Versailles

• Weak leadership of King Louis XVI • Social Inequalities– 1st and 2nd estates controlled wealth and

paid almost no taxes – 3rd Estate paid all the taxes and was 97

% of the population

French Revolution

• Food shortages and inflation sparked protests

• Storming of the Bastille • Meeting of the estates general called • 3rd estate made the Tennis Court Oath – Refused to leave until a new gov’t was

created

• Declaration of Rights on Man ended the monarchy & established a republic

French Revolution• Execution of King Louis 16th and Queen

Maria Antoinette • Robespierre led the Reign of Terror– Attempted to purge France of “enemies of the

revolution” – Thousands violently killed in the guillotine

• Influenced Latin American revolutions• Increased nationalism in France• Spread of democratic ideas• Led to the rise of Napoleon