SUSCEPTIBILITY OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM OF THREE ANIMAL MODELS EXPOSED TO SILVER NANOPARTICLES Bruneau A. a,c , Fortier M. a , Gagné F. b, C. Gagnon b , P. Turcotte b ,Tayabali A. d , Auffret M. c , Fournier M. a a : INRS Institut Armand Frappier, 531 Boulevard des prairies, Laval, Qc, Canada. b : Environment Canada, 105 Mc Gill, Montréal, Qc, Canada. c : IUEM, Lemar, Place Nicolas Copernic. Technopole Brest Iroise, Plouzané, France. d : HECSB, Health Canada, Rm 201A, Environmental Health Centre, 50 Colombine Driveway, Ottawa, Canada
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SUSCEPTIBILITY OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM OF THREE ANIMAL MODELS EXPOSED TO SILVER NANOPARTICLES
Bruneau A. a,c, Fortier M.a, Gagné F. b, C. Gagnonb, P. Turcotte b,Tayabali A.d, Auffret M. c, Fournier M. a
a : INRS Institut Armand Frappier, 531 Boulevard des prairies, Laval, Qc, Canada. b : Environment Canada, 105 Mc Gill, Montréal, Qc, Canada.
c : IUEM, Lemar, Place Nicolas Copernic. Technopole Brest Iroise, Plouzané, France. d : HECSB, Health Canada, Rm 201A, Environmental Health Centre, 50 Colombine Driveway, Ottawa,
Canada
INTRODUCTION
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are mainly employed for their antimicrobial properties.
Textile
Medical plastic
Food packaging
Silver nanoparticles are the main particles of interest
Risk: metal silver represent an environmental hazard = toxic, persistent
and bioaccumulative (under at least some circumstances) (Luoma et al, 2009)
Need more regulation to define a status
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o Control infections (Jain et al., 2009; Pradeep et al., 2009)
o700 000 Kg of silver enter in aquatic media per year (Purcelle & Peters,1998)
oSilver toxicity is mainly due to ionic form Ag+ (Edwards-Jones, 2009; Liu & Hurt, 2010)
oArgyria cause (skin pigmentation) (Hollinger, 1996; Hammond et al, 2004)
oIn vitro silver induce viability variation, decrease in cellular proliferation, oxydative burst, and cellular damages (Liedberg & Lundeberg 1989; McCauley, Linares et al.
1989; Kuroyanagi, Kim et al. 1991; Zapata, R et al. 1993; Hollinger 1996)
SILVER
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OBJECTIVES
Validation of nanoparticles studied in the project
Evaluation of immune system performance of different animal models
Calculation of IC 50 for animal models in order to evaluate more sensitive species
Comparison of different immune parameters to identify the most representative
o Dose-dependant toxicity (Maurer-Jones et al., 2010)
o Effects varied in different animal models: immunostimulation or immunodepression (Iavicoli et al., 2010) difference in immune system (Nappi et al., 2000)
o Gradient of species
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Immune parameters Gradient of species from more to
less sensitive
Viability Mouse > Trout > Mussel
Phagocytosis Mussel > Mouse
Lymphoblastic transformation Trout ≥ Mouse
DISCUSSION
o Phagocytic cells are les sensitives than lymphocytes
o NPs were internalized in cells
o Yue et al., 2009 macrophages of mice
o Apoptosis and necrosis in immune cells for high concentrations of AgNPs
o Nel et al., 2006 , Teodoro et al., 2011 decrease in ATP production Apoptosis initiation
o Dissolved silver is more toxic than silver nanoparticle
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CONCLUSION
- Cellular toxicity
- Toxicity is variable according to the kind of cells and model animal
- Nanoparticles of silver are toxic, at low doses in certain cases
- Phagocytosis is less sensitive than lymphoblastic transformation
- Mouse is the most representative specie
FUTURE WORK
AgNPs toxicity mechanism (cellular and molecular effects)