Audio Medium & Scripting. Audio Medium 9% Writing 16% Reading 30% Speaking 45% Listening Aural Communication Behavior Communication represents.

Audio MediumAudio Medium& Scripting& Scripting

Audio Audio MediumMedium

� 9% Writing9% Writing

� 16% Reading16% Reading

� 30% Speaking30% Speaking

� 45% Listening45% Listening

Aural Communication Aural Communication BehaviorBehavior

Communication represents Communication represents

70% of our waking hours.70% of our waking hours.

Based on a Study by Paul Rankon at Ohio State UniversityBased on a Study by Paul Rankon at Ohio State University

75% Creating and 75% Creating and

InterpretingInterpreting

Aural MessagesAural Messages}


DefinitionsDefinitions

� OralOral = spoken = spoken

� AuralAural = perceived by the ear = perceived by the ear

Aural LiteracyAural Literacy: : The learned ability to The learned ability to interpret and to create aural messages interpret and to create aural messages using appropriate signs to achieve a using appropriate signs to achieve a desired outcome.desired outcome.


Hearing and ListeningHearing and Listening

� HEARINGHEARING: A Physiological : A Physiological

Process Process Sound Waves–Vibrations–Nerve ImpulsesSound Waves–Vibrations–Nerve Impulses

� LISTENINGLISTENING: A Psychological : A Psychological

Process Process Awareness–Identification Awareness–Identification

Recognition–Comprehension Recognition–Comprehension


Advantages ofAdvantages of Aural Media Aural Media

� InexpensiveInexpensive

� Readily AvailableReadily Available

� Easy to Use/PortableEasy to Use/Portable

� Group or Individual UseGroup or Individual Use

� Adds InterestAdds Interest

� Non-verbal MessagesNon-verbal Messages


Limitations of Limitations of Aural MediaAural Media

� Fixed Speed and SequenceFixed Speed and Sequence

� Audience May Hear but Not ListenAudience May Hear but Not Listen

� Production Can Be ExpensiveProduction Can Be Expensive

� Production Skills/Time ConsumingProduction Skills/Time Consuming

� Limited Audience ConcentrationLimited Audience Concentration


Planning (Designing) Planning (Designing) Aural MessagesAural Messages

� the audiencethe audience

� the subject matterthe subject matter

� the desired outcomesthe desired outcomes

� method of presentationmethod of presentation

Considerations in Planning Aural MessagesConsiderations in Planning Aural Messages


OutcomesOutcomes

� CognitiveCognitive - - recognizing/discriminatingrecognizing/discriminating

� PsychomotorPsychomotor - respond to - respond to oral commands, voice traningoral commands, voice traning

� AffectiveAffective - set mood, manage - set mood, manage feelings, stressfeelings, stress


Aural Sign SystemAural Sign SystemElementsElements

� PitchPitch

� LoudnessLoudness

� TempoTempo


Aural Sign SystemAural Sign SystemSignsSigns

� VoiceVoice

� Sound Effects/Natural SoundsSound Effects/Natural Sounds

� MusicMusic

� SilenceSilence


VoiceVoice

� Narration (“Voice-over”)Narration (“Voice-over”)

� DialogDialog


Sound Effects/Natural Sound Effects/Natural SoundsSounds

� Define SpaceDefine Space

� Establish LocaleEstablish Locale

� Emphasize/Intensify ActionEmphasize/Intensify Action

� Set PaceSet Pace

� Unify by TransitionUnify by Transition


MusicMusic

� Establish LocaleEstablish Locale

� Emphasize ActionEmphasize Action

� Set PaceSet Pace

� Provide CounterpointProvide Counterpoint

� Provide TransitionProvide Transition

� Evoke Atmosphere/MoodEvoke Atmosphere/Mood


Design GuidlinesDesign Guidlines

� CueCue

� Clear/ConciseClear/Concise

� Advance OrganizerAdvance Organizer

� Concurrent OrganizerConcurrent Organizer

� SummarySummary

� VarietyVariety

� ParticpationParticpation

� RepititionRepitition


Script Writing Script Writing

� Goal: To be understood!Goal: To be understood!

� Idea/Outcomes/ContentIdea/Outcomes/Content

� TreatmentTreatment

¦ Descriptive Synopsis of PresentationDescriptive Synopsis of Presentation

¦ Beginning, Flow, EndingBeginning, Flow, Ending

¦ Overall Structure–motivators, Overall Structure–motivators, organizers, presentation, transitions, organizers, presentation, transitions, review, closingreview, closing


Script WritingScript Writing

� Write to be HEARDWrite to be HEARD

� Write to your audienceWrite to your audience

� Clear organization, messageClear organization, message

� Simple Sentences–to the pointSimple Sentences–to the point

� Use pauses & other audio sourcesUse pauses & other audio sources

� Avoid distracting languageAvoid distracting language

� Active voiceActive voice

Selected PrinciplesSelected Principles


Script Writing–Active Script Writing–Active VoiceVoice

� Passive VoicePassive Voice: “An ordinance that : “An ordinance that extended swimming pool hours was extended swimming pool hours was passed by the City Council after it was passed by the City Council after it was pressured by a group of parents.”pressured by a group of parents.”

� Active VoiceActive Voice: “Pressured by a group of : “Pressured by a group of parents, the City Council extended parents, the City Council extended swimming pool hours.”swimming pool hours.”


Script WritingScript Writing

A Comprehension CheckA Comprehension CheckSyllables per 100 wordsSyllables per 100 words

100-130 Easy100-130 Easy

131-160 Average131-160 Average

161- up161- up Difficult Difficult


Script Writing with Script Writing with VisualsVisuals

� Audience Hears OnceAudience Hears Once

� Use PausesUse Pauses

� Audio PacingAudio Pacing

� No Visual DescriptionNo Visual Description

� No Reference to MediumNo Reference to Medium


Script Writing with Script Writing with VisualsVisuals

� No AbbreviationsNo Abbreviations

� Upper/Lower CaseUpper/Lower Case

� New Page/New SentenceNew Page/New Sentence

� Read AloudRead Aloud

� Rewrite Rewrite


Picture the Visual Picture the Visual ImageImage

� TreatmentTreatment

� FunctionFunction

� Visual PacingVisual Pacing

� SequencesSequences

� EstheticsEsthetics

� PracticalityPracticality

� AudienceAudience


Sketch Image on Script Sketch Image on Script PaperPaper


Visual Production NotesVisual Production Notes

� LS: Long ShotLS: Long Shot

� MLS: Medium Long ShotMLS: Medium Long Shot

� MS: Medium ShotMS: Medium Shot

� MCU: Medium Close-UpMCU: Medium Close-Up

� CU: Close-UpCU: Close-Up

� ECU: Extreme Close-Up ECU: Extreme Close-Up


Visual Production NotesVisual Production Notes

� Effect: cut-diss-wipe-fadeEffect: cut-diss-wipe-fade

� Brief DescriptionBrief Description

� Other Relevant Information Other Relevant Information


Audio Production NotesAudio Production Notes

� Start/End Audio SegmentStart/End Audio Segment

� Fade up, Fade out, Hold UnderFade up, Fade out, Hold Under

� Audio, Source, LocationAudio, Source, Location

� Other Relevant Information Other Relevant Information


Script Visualization Script Visualization PrinciplesPrinciples

� Clear & UncomplicatedClear & Uncomplicated

� Visually Relate ImagesVisually Relate Images

� Movements, ViewpointsMovements, Viewpoints

� TransitionsTransitions

� Review Review


Presenting Audio Presenting Audio RecordingsRecordings

� Playback FormatsPlayback Formats� CassetteCassette� CDCD

� SystemsSystems� AmplificationAmplification� Balance/ModificationBalance/Modification� Speakers/FeedbackSpeakers/Feedback

� TechniquesTechniques� CueingCueing� Control LevelsControl Levels

�DATDAT

�Reel TapeReel Tape

�CartridgeCartridge

Audio Audio MediumMedium Audio Recording– Audio Recording–

System System ComponentsComponents

� MicrophoneMicrophone

� PlaybackPlayback

� MixerMixer

� RecorderRecorder

� Speaker/HeadphonesSpeaker/Headphones


MediaLab Audio BoothMediaLab Audio Booth

Recorder

Playback

Playback

Cassette

Cassette

Cassette

Playback

1

2

3

4

Microphone

Playback

Turntable

51 2 43 6 M

Mixer

5

CD


Producing Audio Producing Audio RecordingsRecordings

Audio Booth Training Audio Booth Training

MediaLabMediaLab

Instructional Technology and Development Instructional Technology and Development Center Center


Audio Tape Audio Tape SynchronizationSynchronization

VOLUME RECORD MODE TONE START STOP

SYNC MODE

EJECTWOLLENSAK

PAUSELock

RECORD

Bass TrebleManual Auto0

1

23

456

7

8

Off

Recorder Controls

Record


Audio Recording Audio Recording FormatsFormats

� CassetteCassette

� CDCD

� DATDAT

� Reel TapeReel Tape

� CartridgeCartridge

� RecordsRecords

Audio Medium & Scripting. Audio Medium 9% Writing 16% Reading 30% Speaking 45% Listening Aural Communication Behavior Communication represents.

Documents

medium slide

audio medium music

audio medium planning

audio medium hearing

audio medium picture

audio medium scripting

pauses audio

audio sources