archildrens. org uams.edu arpediatrics .org uams.edu arpediatrics .org Education and Training for All- terrain Vehicle Safety Mary E. Aitken, MD MPH Injury Prevention Center, Arkansas Children’s Hospital Center for Applied Research and Evaluation, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Arkansas ATV Research Group Presented to ATV Safety Summit US Consumer Product Safety Commission, October 2012
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ATV Safety Summit: Consumer Awareness: Getting the Message Out - Education and Training for All-terrain Vehicle Safety
Mary Aitken, Professor of Pediatrics with the Injury Prevention Center, Arkansas Children's Hospital, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, presented this at CPSC's ATV Safety Summit Oct. 12, 2012. Education for parents and youth riders of all-terrain vehicles (ATVs) has focused on increasing rider use of helmets and other safety equipment, along with reducing other risky behaviors on the vehicles (passengers, road use). Recent focus group and survey data collected by the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences ATV research group has led to educational material that is clearer and more practical. Users requested information that demonstrated consequences of risky ATV use and targeted both parents and youth riders. The focus group data also indicated that many users have a very inaccurate perception of ATV risk and stability, thereby reducing the perceived need for use of personal safety equipment. We are therefore working with engineers to develop validated computer models of ATVs to simulate performance with child riders and passengers. Recent speed, inclination and surface simulation models are compelling regarding risk to child riders and riders with passengers, showing ejection and ATV instability even at low speeds (10 mph) in some scenarios. When fully validated, these models may inform educational interventions to provide users with more realistic ATV safety images and motivate individual behavior change. The computer simulations can also highlight where ATV stability and performance may be improved.
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• ATV Safety Workgroup (2001):– Multidisciplinary group: healthcare, public health, community– Activities: Planning, research, education, and advocacy– Practical and evidence-based solutions sought
• Arkansas ATV Safety Research Group (2009):– Epidemiology – Educational program development and evaluation – Advocacy and policy research– Engineering and vehicle factors
Intervention Results by CountyIntervention Results by County
Pre Post Pre PostExposure to ATV 85% 91% 74% 75%Passenger Exposure 23% 20% 22% 22%Helmet Use 15% 14% 17% 16%Parent Awareness of ATV Use 63% 66% 57% 54%Recall of ATV Safety Message 49% 63%* 35% 44%Participation in ATV Safety Training 12% 29%* 21% 22%
Intervention Comparison ATV Use and Behavior by County and Time
• Little study of protective gear or helmet effectiveness• reduction of 42% for mortality; 62% reduction in head injury
Rodgers, Accident Anal Prev 1990
• Among ATV riders of all ages admitted to trauma centers, unhelmeted riders are: • > 60% increased risk for any TBI and 3X more likely to sustain severe TBI• more than twice as likely to die in hospital
• Despite effectiveness, helmet use among ATV riders is very lowBowman, Injury Prevention, 2009
Training on proven strategiesTraining on proven strategies
• What are barriers and facilitators to ATV helmet use?– Focus groups of ATV riders (adult and youth)– Helmet wearers and non wearers– Presumed barriers and facilitators explored– Cost, comfort, and style less frequently cited