atv-m-143-e-pt2

G E R M A N A T V S T A N D A R D S

W A S T E W A T E R - W A S T E

ADVISORY LEAFLET ATV-M 143E, Part 2

Optical Inspection - Inspection, Repair, Rehabilitation and Replacement of Sewers and Drains

April 1999 ISBN 3-934984-41-X

Publishing Company for Wastewater, Waste and Water Pollution Control

Theodor-Heuß-Allee 17, D-53773 Hennef

Telephone: ++49-2242/872-120, Telefax: ++49-2242/872-100

E-mail: [email protected] - Internet: http://www.gfa-verlag.de

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1 Preparation Advisory Leaflet ATV-M 143, Part 2, was originally elaborated by the ATV Working Group 1.6.5 "Rehabilitation and Replacement of Sewers and Drains". The members were:

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Stein, Bochum (Chairman) Dipl.-Ing. Adler, Köln Dipl.-Ing. Ant, Bonn Dr.-Ing. Beyert, Aachen Dipl.-Ing. Blome, Bielefeld Dipl.-Ing. Bloomfield, Oberhausen Dipl.-Ing. Buchholtz, Berlin Dipl.-Ing. Chwastek, Witten Dipl.-Ing. Flick, Köln Dipl.-Ing. Hoffmann, Pirmasens Dipl.-Ing. Holzhausen, Frankfurt Dipl.-Ing. Hoppe, Hamburg Dipl.-Ing. Koch, Stuttgart Dipl.-Ing. Kühl, Hamburg Dipl.-Ing. Kusche, Vreden Dipl.-Kfm. Müller, Schieder-Schwalenberg Dipl.-Ing. Müsch, Mainz ( ) Dipl.-Ing. Petry, Heusenstamm Dipl.-Ing. Schulte, Düsseldorf Dipl.-Ing. Schulz, Brüggen Dipl.-Ing. Siebert, Oststeinbek Dipl.-Ing. Wagner, Berlin

This Advisory Leaflet has now been revised by ATV Working Group 1.7.8 “ Recording of the Status and Assessment of Sewers and Drains”, which has the following members:

StBD Dieter Blome, Bielefeld (Chairman) BD Dipl.-Ing. Bruno Chwastek, Witten Bauass. Dipl.-Ing. Hans-Bernd Derse, Düsseldorf BD Dipl.-Ing. Andreas Hartmann, Braunschweig Dr.-Ing. Regina Haußmann, Aachen Dr.-Ing. Martin Keding, Sankt Augustin Dipl.-Ing. Susanne Kentgens, Bochum Dipl.-Ing. Nikola Milojevic, München Dipl.-Ing. Holger Zinn-Naß, Kisdorf (Deputy Chairman)

All rights, in particular those of translation into other languages, are reserved. No part of this Advisory Leaflet may be reproduced in any form by photocopy, microfilm or any other process or transferred or translated into a language usable in machines, in particular data processing machines, without the written approval of the publisher.

GFA - Publishing Company for Wastewater, Waste and Water Pollution Control, Hennef 1999

Original German Edition produced by: DCM, Meckenheim

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Contents

1. Preparation 2

2. Notes for Users 4

3 Preamble 4

4. Area of application 5

5. Preparatory measures 5

6. Implementation 6

7. Personnel 7

8. Equipment 7 8.1 Direct inspection 7 8.2 TV inspection 7 8.2.1 General 7 8.2.2 Camera systems 8 8.2.3 Observation and control point 9

9. Documentation 10 9.1 Inspection report 10 9.2 Video and photo documentation 10

10. Connectors, service drains and shafts 11

11. Literature 11

Annex 1 13

Annex 2 14

Annex 3 16

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2 Notes for Users This ATV Advisory Leaflet is the result of honorary, technical-scientific/economic collaboration which has been achieved in accordance with the principles applicable therefor (statutes, Rules of Procedure of the ATV and ATV Standard ATV-A 400). For this, according to precedents, there exists an actual presumption that it is textually and technically correct and also generally recognised.

The application of this Advisory Leaflet is open to everyone. However, an obligation for application can arise from legal or administrative regulations, a contract or other legal reason.

This Advisory Leaflet is an important, however, not the sole source of information for correct solutions. With its application no one avoids responsibility for his own action or for the correct application in specific cases; this applies in particular for the correct handling of the margins described in the Advisory Leaflet.

3 Preamble Since the introduction of Advisory Leaflet ATV-M 143, Part 2, in June 1991 the grammalogue system contained therein (terms for optical inspection of sewers and drains) has proved, nation-wide, to be extremely satisfactory. In the course of application, and also in connection with Advisory Leaflet ATV-M 149 “Recording, Classification and Assessment of the Condition of Drainage Systems Outside Buildings”, it has appeared that not all types of condition could be described using this grammalogue system. For this reason, already in 1994, and then again in 1998, new symbols were defined and published in ATV Reports (Korrespondenz Abwasser – KA 6/94 and KA 2/98). With this update of ATV-M 143, Part 2, on one hand the previous work is brought together, whereby suggestions received have as far as possible been taken into account, and on the other, the general part has been brought up to date.

With inspection programmes which are already in progress it is to be examined in individual cases whether the description of the sewer condition should be continued using the previous grammalogue system in order to guarantee compatibility with the existing database. In this respect it is pointed out that, in particular, amendments in the area of inspection text for shafts and structures of local drainage systems have been carried out. Furthermore, it is pointed out that, within the framework of European standardisation, a European grammalogue system is being put together.

In accordance with DIN 31051 and Advisory Leaflet ATV-M 143, Part 1 [1], under “inspection” one understands all measures for the determination and assessment of the actual condition of sewer systems or their components such as sewer sections, assemblies and structures. Under “optical inspection” it is understood to mean the direct visual inspection by human access and/or the indirect inspection using a TV system.

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Inspection is thus an essential component part of sewer operation. The legal necessity of the inspection results from the traffic safety responsibility in accordance with the BGB (German Civil Code) and the general obligation of the operator of the sewer system to exercise due care. These are laid down in the (German) Water Resources Management Law (WHG), in particular in §§ 1a and 18b, as well as in the Federal State laws and in Federal State specific regulations (Ordinances, Administrative Instructions, Decrees) [2]. Damaged sewer systems can lead to wastewater exfiltration or groundwater infiltration and, through these, represent an environmental hazard. Regular inspection is thus a prerequisite for the avoidance of faults relevant for legal liability [2,3], fiscal liability [4], regulatory liability [2] and criminal liability [5] as well as for the economic management of the discharge of wastewater.

4 Area of Application This Advisory Leaflet, together with ATV-M 143, Part 1 [1], and ATV-A 140 [6], applies for optical internal inspection, i.e. the qualitative determination of the actual status of sewer systems or their components such as sewers and drains, assemblies and structures of local drainage systems, including private property drainage, within the framework of maintenance, and that is, for example, with the

• determination of operational faults, • regular inspection, • preparation of measures for the repair of damage, • acceptance of measures for the repair of damage, • acceptance of measures for the repair of damage before the expiry of the warranty

period.

In addition, the Advisory Leaflet also applies for optical inspection within the framework of

• acceptance of new constructional measures as well as for • the acceptance of new construction measures before the expiry of the warranty

period and • preservation of evidence.

Attention is drawn to ATV-M 149 “Recording, Classification and Assessment of the Condition of Drainage Systems Outside Buildings” for the classification and assessment of the condition of the drainage systems outside buildings.

5 Preparatory Measures Sufficient planning documents are to be made available for the optical inspection. From these the following must be particularly clear:

• site of operations, • position, type, scope and general characteristics (e.g. sewer section/drain or shaft

designation) of the object to be inspected.

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Attention is to be drawn to particular hazards, e.g. danger of collapse, sewer atmosphere, composition of the wastewater, pump surge as well as entry and escape possibilities.

Fundamentally, the inspection object should be so cleaned that the actual status (audit) can be recorded without problem. With particular problems a decision is to be made, in the individual case, on the necessity and the scope of cleaning. During the inspection using a TV system the availability of a suitable cleaning vehicle is to be ensured in order to be able to carry out further cleaning as required.

The inspection object is to be kept sufficiently free of wastewater for the duration of the inspection so that a fully satisfactory recording of the condition is possible. This can, for example, be achieved by diversion, temporary backing-up or over-pumping.

Appropriate measures such as, for example, high pressure cleaning of the inspection object immediately before inspection or forced ventilation of the wastewater system are to be taken to avoid an explosive atmosphere in the sewer pipe [7,8,10,11,12].

Suitable measures are to be taken for the regulation, securing and stoppage of traffic, if required in agreement with the road traffic authorities.

6 Implementation Essentially the following can be recorded and qualitatively assessed through the optical inspection:

• branches, connection pieces, inlets, • obstacles, • positional deviations, • mechanical wear, corrosion, • internal corrosion, • deformations, alterations, • cracks, fractures, • pipe connections and joints, • leakages, • infiltration. Optical inspection can take place directly by visual inspection by walking or driving through or indirectly with the aid of a TV system (Fig. 1). Optical inspection must be carried out carefully and with a working rate matched to the condition of the object. With TV investigations the maximum rate of travel of the camera may not be more than 15 cm/sec. The actual status, in particular the conditions, is to be accurately considered, measured and minuted. In cases of doubt repeat consideration or more extensive investigations of individual sections are indicated. Peculiarities are to be recorded through photographs, digital pictures and/or video recordings or other recording media. Accident prevention regulations, in particular the (German) UVV Ortsentwässerung [Accident Prevention Regulations Local Drainage] and the safety rules for work in enclosed areas of wastewater engineering plant operation [8] are to be observed.

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Fig. 1: Sketch of the principle of an optical inspection using self-propelled camera and inspection vehicle.

7 Personnel Responsible personnel tasked for the determination of the actual status are to have constructional, operational and material engineering knowledge on sewers, specialist knowledge of sewer inspection and at least one year’s inspection practice.

The assessment of the actual status is not part of the inspection and does not fall within the activities of the inspector. The assessment of the actual status based on the inspection takes place subsequently and assumes special technical knowledge and experience.

8 Equipment 8.1 Direct Inspection

For direct inspection, visual inspection through walking or driving through the sewer (cross-section > DN 800), the necessary aids and equipment for the inspection and its documentation are also to be carried in addition to the laiddown personal protective equipment.

8.2 TV Inspection

8.2.1 General

To the equipment belong:

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• camera system (camera, lighting, transport and control facilities as well as cable with deflection pulleys and linear measurement facility),

• observation and control point, • monitor for pictorial reproduction, • video recorder for visual recording, • video printer, • electronic data overlay equipment, • computer with printer and plotter for immediate production of the inspection protocol.

The following additional equipment can be useful:

• facility for digital visual recording, • facility for data archiving, e.g. CD ROM, MOD, DVD, • video recorder for with time code, • CD-ROM, MOD, DVD, • additional measurement equipment for the determination of conditions in the sewer.

The equipment should be installed in a suitable vehicle.

The complete system must correspond with regulations in accordance with VDE (Association of German Electrical Engineers) and DIN (German Industrial Standard Specifications) as well as with the Accident Prevention Regulations UVV and be operationally capable with ambient temperatures from – 15°C to + 45°C. In DIN VDE 0100 [13], with the use of alternating voltage safety, only clamping voltage or fuse disconnection is permitted as safety measure.

8.2.2 Camera Systems

The TV system should conform with the PAL standard specification (colour television). The picture resolution of the camera must be at least 350 lines horizontal. A higher picture resolution is recommended. Before the investigation (per videotape) it should be checked by inspection of the TO5 Universal Test Picture (see Annex 1) reproduced to fill the screen via the camera optics (application in accordance with DIN 25435, Part 4) [9]. With particular problem definitions (e.g. small cross-sections) the employment of a black/white camera can be practical.

The colour stability of the pictorial reproduction should be verified by examination of a colour bar model. The model should be illuminated by the lighting equipment used for the inspection without outside light (e.g. daylight).

In addition to axial clear view there should be a possibility of radially inspecting details such as joints or connections. For this cameras with infinitely adjustable viewing direction, so-called revolving or panning head cameras, are to be employed. (> DN 200).

The camera lens used must have sufficient depth of focus or have remote focussing. With non-revolving axial viewing cameras the angle of view is to be at least 90° (measured diagonally on the screen).

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The lighting equipment must guarantee an even illumination of the field of view with all pipe materials and may cause no reflections on the camera lens.

An electrically driven camera vehicle with wheels or tracks is to be used for the movement of the camera in the pipe. This should be capable of being driven forwards or backwards and, as required, being stopped. The rate of travel is to be variable. The vehicle suspension and the camera mount must ensure a steady position of the camera in the pipe axis during travel. In individual cases the camera can be towed through the pipe using cable and winch or floating on pontoons. With pipelines which are no longer drivable, the camera, centred using a guide, is moved through the pipeline via a flexible rod.

The loading capacity of the cable including the connection to the cable plug is to be at least 2,000 N in order to enable a manual recovery of the camera.

The linear measuring device must be able to measure the length of the driven stretch to an accuracy of 0.5 % (maximum 25 cm).

With regard to explosion protection the camera system should be designed in accordance with DIN 57165/VDE 0165 [10] and the Europa Standard DIN EN 50014-50020. The classification of the area to be examined into the appropriate zone is to be carried out in accordance with the (German) Explosion Protection Directive (EX-RL), latest edition. For the employment of electrical equipment the “(German) Ordinance on Electrical Plant in Explosion Endangered Spaces (ElexV)” [11] and the Explosion Protection Directives (GUV) 19.8) [12] are to be observed. Explosion protected materials must be suitable for temperature class T3 and for employment in one 1.

8.2.3 Observation and Control Point

For the optimum utilisation of the camera performance the monitor is to have at least 1.3 times the resolution of the camera. The screen diagonal is to be at least 9” and the observation separation 3 times the screen diagonal.

If the TV inspection is recorded using a video recorder the horizontal resolution of this video recorder should correspond with the camera as otherwise loss of quality of the reproduction can occur.

Electronic data overlay equipment is to be able to overlay on the monitor picture important characteristic data such as date, time and location of the examination, designation of the object, stationing, distance and photo number, condition text, direction arrow and counter reading of the video recorder. In individual cases it is to be determined which overlays have actually been carried out. The overlaying of the condition texts, direction arrows and counter readings of the video camera is also recommended.

9 Documentation The actual condition of the sewer system is to be precisely and comprehensively documented. Typical terms for the description of the condition are contained in Annex 2. The documentation should cover:

• Inspection report (analogue and digital) with sewer section graphic,

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• Video documentation and, if required, • Photo documentation (analogue or digital), • DV orientated data exchange.

In order to guarantee an optimum and economic further processing of the data, the employment of electronic data processing is recommended. Data exchange formats are to be determined for this in advance.

9.1 Inspection Report

The inspection report is to be produced by sewer section. It must include:

• customer, contractor, reason for inspection, relevant planning documents, site and date of the inspection, weather, responsible equipment operator, camera system used and further details on the type and execution of the inspection.;

• inventory data of the sewer section such as, for example, road designation, sewer section/pipeline and shaft designation, drainage system, profile shape and dimensions, material, year of construction;

• data on condition, i.e. the surveying and description of laterals and damage; • data on condition are to be documented topographically. The documentation direction

is, in general, the direction of flow; • the zero point of linear measurement is to be given. The results of the inspection report are to be clearly shown in the sewer section graphic.

9.2 Video and Photo Documentation

The finished photos are to be clearly attached to the inspection report. The results of the inspection report are to be shown clearly in a plan. If the inspection is recorded on videotape it can serve as basis for example for:

• subsequent assessment and examination of the inspection, • the determination of the changes to the condition, • rehabilitation planning.

The videotapes are then to be systematically labelled. Each tape is to be allocated a report related counter status protocol.

10 Connectors, Service Drains and Shafts The inspection of connectors and inaccessible pipelines (e.g. under buildings) takes place depending on local conditions, e.g. from a cleaning opening in the building, from a control shaft or from the sewer.

In general, with the selection of equipment, the most unfavourable inspection conditions are to be taken into account. The inspection from a non-man-accessible sewer requires special equipment (e.g. satellite camera).

Documentation is to be carried out based on that for public sewers so that comparative assessments are possible.

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The optical inspection of shafts takes place, as a rule, visually.

Non-man-accessible shafts are to be examined using TV inspection. Documentation of the shaft condition is to be carried out based on the documentation for sewers and drains.

11 Literature [Translator's note: known translations are give in English, otherwise a courtesy translation is provided in square brackets]

[1] ATV-M 143E, Part 1: Inspection, Repair, Rehabilitation and Replacement of Sewers and Drains - Principles. (12/1989)

[2] Gesetz zur Ordnung des Wasserhaushaltes (Wasserhaushaltsgesetz - WHG) [Water Resources Management Law] vom 27. Juli 1957 (BGBl: I, p. 1110) in der Fassung der Bek. vom 12. November 1996 (BGBl: I, p. 1695) sowie Landeswassergesetze [as well as Federal State laws].

[3] Haftpflichtgesetz [Legal Liability Law] i.d.F. der Bekanntmachung vom 4. Januar 1978 (BGBL: I, p. 145), 2.

[4] Gesetz über Abgaben für das Einleiten von Abwasser in Gewässer (Abwasserabgabegesetz - AbwAG) [Wastewater Charges Law] vom 3. November 1994 (BGBl: I, p. 3370) zuletzt geändert durch Art. 3 des Gesetzes vom 25. August 1998 (BGBl: I, p. 2455).

[5] Strafgesetzbuch (StGB) [German Penal Code] vom 15. Mai 1871 (RGBl): p. 127) in der Fassung der Bekanntmachung vom 10. März 1987 (BGBl: I, p. 945) zuletzt geändert durch Gesetz vom 26. Juni 1990 (BGBl: I, p. 1163).

[6] ATV-A 140E: Rules for Sewer Operation. Part 1: Sewer Network, 3/1990.

[7] UVV Ortsentwässerung [Accident Prevention Regulations Local Drainage] (Kanalisationsanlagen)(GUV 7.4), herausgegeben von dem Bundesverband der Unfallsicherungsträger der öffentlichen Hand (BAGUV).

[8] Sicherheitsregeln für Arbeiten in umschlossenen Räumen von abwassertechnischen Anlagen - Betrieb [Safety rules for work in enclosed spaces of wastewater engineering facilities] (GUV 17.6)

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[9] DIN 25435, Part 4/11.87 (Appendix B): Wiederkehrende Prüfungen der Komponenten des Primärkreises von Leichtwasserreaktoren - Sichtprüfung. [Repeat Testing of Components of the Primary Circuit of Light Water Reactors – Visual Inspection]

[10] DIN 57165/VDE 0165/9.80: Errichtung elektrischer Anlagen in explosionsgefährdeten Bereichen [Erection of Electrical Plant in Explosion Endangered Areas].

[11] Verordnung über elektrische Anlagen in explosionsgefährdeten Räumen (ElexV) [Ordinance on Electrical Plant in Explosion Endangered Spaces], Carl Heymanns Verlag KG, Köln.

[12] Richtlinien für die Vermeidung der Gefahren durch explosionsfähige Atmosphäre mit Beispielsammlung - Explosionsschutz-Richtlinien (Ex-RL)(GUV 19.8) [Guidelines for the Prevention of Hazards through Explosive Atmospheres with Examples], herausgegeben von dem Bundesverband der Unfallsicherungsträger der öffentlichen Hand e. V.

[13] DIN VDE 0100

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Annex 1

Fig. 2: Universal picture TO5/DIN 25435, Part 4 Application (1) Large centre circle: adjustment and control of linearity. (2) Grey field: control of even brightness. (3) Grey wedges: the four grey wedges are arranged in a square (linearity), they allow assessment of

brightness and contrast. (4) Limiting arrows: the eight limiting arrows serve for the control of detail in the side ratio 3:4. (5) Corner circles: the four corner circles allow control of linearity in the corners. (6) Vertical bars: with these the horizontal linearity as well as the resolution at the left and right edges of

the screen can be determined. (7) Horizontal bars: as (6) however, for upper and lower screen edges and in the middle. (8) Resolution brooms: in the centre of the screen as well as in the four corner circles there are brooms

for the control of the resolution (sharpness). The brooms in the centre circle have markings which give the respective resolution either according to frequency (3...9 MHz) or lines (200...800).

(9) Horizontal bars: these four bars serve for assessment of amplitude or phase faults (behind the bars or blurred contours).

(10) Sloped lines: three diag. lines in centre circle are used to assess the line skip. With pairing of lines, lines are stepped. With non-linear screen line separation the lines are bent.

(11) Centre point of corner and centre circles: with the aid of these points the sharpness of focussing can be adjusted at the centre and edges of the screen.

The universal test picture can be obtained as slide. Information on sources: from DIN-Bezugsquellen für normgerechte Erzeugnisse im DIN, Burggrafenstraße 6, D-10772 Berlin.

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Annex 2 Grammalogue System

From the structure of the grammalogue one differentiates "General texts", "Status texts for sewers and drains" and "Status texts for shafts and structures of local drainage systems".

"General text" grammalogues, unlike grammalogues for "Status texts for sewers and drains", are not built up according to position but rather are laid down as complete two to four character grammalogues, possibly with an added numerical detail (e.g. QVN300 = changes of nominal width to DN 300).

The grammalogues for "Status texts for sewers and drains" and for "Status texts for shafts and structures in local drainage systems", as a rule, consist of 4 grammalogue positions. These are basically freely combined with each other, whereby theoretically, combinations can be produced which, in practice, do not occur.

The first grammalogue position shows the status group, the second grammalogue position the status definition. As a rule, a statement is made on possible leakage of the sewer profile or the shaft at the third position grammalogue position (grammalogue: A, B, E, F, M). Here, exceptions are conditions which are not, in origin, connected with leakage (e.g. obstacles to flow, sedimentation, sand -----> HDS). The fourth grammalogue position, as a rule, indicates the position of the particular status (grammalogue: A(bove), B(elow), L(eft), R(ight), -), with shafts the object affected. However, here also, exceptions exist.

With a numerical addendum following the fourth grammalogue position there is a possibility to express details with regard to the extent of damage (e.g. reduction of cross-section, width of cracks). As a rule, the details are double position. With regard to the description of the type of conditions "Corrosion" and "Mechanical wear" there is a possibility of using the numerical addendum nn after the fourth grammalogue position or, alternatively, describing a fifth and sixth grammalogue position. (see Annex 2, Section 3.1.3).

Grammalogue position 1 2 3 4

(Status group) X

(Status definition) X

(Details on leakage) X

(Position in the profile) X

(Numerical addendum on corrosion and mechanical wear)

nn

Grammalogue X X X X

Free text input I I

Fig. 1: Build-up of a status text for sewers and drains

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With the exception of the first grammalogue position, the status text does not have to be filled in for every position. In the case that existing input options at other grammalogue positions are not affected or are not possible, the position concerned is filled with a "-" for "no detail". The fourth grammalogue position (position in the profile) can also be used for details on infiltration water, infiltration and back-up.

Should a condition in the sewer not be described accurately via the status text, there is a possibility to specify this via the "Free text input (II)".

The position of the individual findings in a section of sewer is to be recorded by station marking based on the start of the section. The start of the sewer section is, as a rule, the middle of the shaft. With special structures (e.g. tanks, separators etc.) the sewer section starts on the inside of the wall (start of the pipe, where the pipeline passes through the wall.

Station marking is to be given in m with an accuracy of at least one decimetre (one decimal point).

Start and finish of reach damage are to be described in a suitable manner.

With the inspection of shafts/structures the position of the individual findings are to marked by station, at least approximately, using an identification number

12 11 01 10 02 09 03 08 04

07 05 06 Direction of main flow

The main trunk sewer has the number 12. The other connections (laterals, connections to private properties, street gullies) into the shaft/structure in the same way receive numbers from 01 to 12 clockwise in the direction of flow.

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Annex 3

Terms for the optical inspection of drainage systems outside buildings [German version].

1 General Texts

1.1 Control Abbreviations

A control abbreviation can consist of 4 symbols: HA = Start of sewer section EH = End of sewer section HLn = Sewer section length (n is in m determined from inspection) PA = Start of pipe PE = End of pipe PLn = Construction length of the pipe (length determined in m from inspection, as

numerical addendum) GE = Opposite side reached GEN = Opposite side not reached IG = Inspection takes place from other side IGN = Inspection from other side not possible IAB = Discontinuation of inspection IR = Inspection possible only after sewer cleaning IS = Inspection takes place at later date IA = Customer declines further inspection STn = Shaft depth in m SV = Covered shaft SB = Shaft blocked by vehicle SP = Shaft not entered in plan SZ = Intermediate shaft SNA = Shaft not accessible by vehicle TVR = Camera slipped TVN = Camera cannot be employed TVS = Camera cannot move further (stop) TVUW = Camera under water, no visibility TVSD = Poor picture quality, condensation formation QVG = Cross-section change with regard to geometry (the following

modifications are to be given as additional text) QVNn = Nominal width change (n is to be given in mm as additional text) WV = Material change (the following modifications are to be given

as additional text) EMN = Exact survey not possible GST = Desired station reached FOTOn = Individual photo produced

(Photo No. as numerical addendum) OK = No optical defect II = (Code for acceptance of free text in the database) Kn = Bends, curves (n is to be given, measured/estimated in deg.)

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1.2 Type of Sewer

The designation of the type of sewer consists of 2 letters:

1st Letter: K = Freefall sewer D = Pressure pipeline

2nd Letter: M = Combined wastewater S = Domestic and industrial wastewater R = Stormwater A = Other wastewater

e.g. KS = Domestic and industrial wastewater sewer/drain with freefall

1.3 Materials

AZ = Asbestos cement B = Concrete, non-reinforced CNS = Special steel FZ = Fibre cement GFK = Glass fibre reinforced plastic GG = Grey cast iron (cast iron with laminated graphite) GGG = Ductile cast iron (cast iron with ball graphite) ST = Steel MA = Brickwork OB = In situ concrete PC = Polymer concrete PCC = Polymer modified cement concrete PEHD = Polyethylene (HD = high density) PH = Polyester resin PHB = Polyester resin concrete PP = Polypropylene PVCU = Polyvinyl chloride resin SPB = Stressed concrete STB = Reinforced concrete STZ = Vitrified clay

1.4. Coatings/Linings

The following abbreviations, which produce a string of characteristics, without a gap, and which consist of a maximum of four symbols, are to be used for the description of coatings and linings.

1st Characteristic: B = Coating A = Lining

2nd Characteristic: only in combination with "B" (material as short designation) BT = Bitumen KH = Artificial resin MM = cement mortar (e.g. corrosion protection, renovation)

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only in combination with "A" (material as short designation) RO = lining using prefabricated pipes, locally produced pipes or using locally produced and hardened pipes

EE = lining using individual elements e.g. sewer brick, vitrified clay slabs, plastic elements

3rd Characteristic: scope of internal coating/lining S = in the area of the sole (pipe/shaft) R = in the complete internal space G = in the area of the gas space

1.5 Local Drainage Structures

ZES = Entry shaft ZFS = Drop shaft ZWS = Vortex drop shaft ZSS = Flushing shaft ZABU = Drop structure with bypass ZABS = Drop structure with spillway chute ("swans neck") ZABK = Drop structure with cascade ZSA = Road gully ZEL = Inlet structure ZAL = Outlet structure ZRUE = Stormwater overflow (or overflow structure) ZSB = Slide valve structure ZKB = Curved structure ZVB = Connection structure ZDUE = Inverted siphon ZHEB = Siphon ZRRB = Stormwater retention tank ZASA = Separator plant ZRKB = Stormwater treatment tank ZRUB = Stormwater overflow tank ZPW = Pump stations ZVT = Distributor structures ZMS = Measuring shafts ZSO = Other structures

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2 Status Grammalogues 2.1 Status Grammalogues for Sewers and Drains

1st Position: Status groups A = Branch B = Pipe fracture, pipe outburst C = Corrosion D = Deformation F = Faulty connection H = Obstacle K = Sewer renovation measure L = Positional deviation R = Crack S = Connection pieces T = Missing component U = Leakage V = Mechanical wear W = Other condition

2nd Position: Status definition A = Connection at pipe B = Outwards bend C = Pipe connection D = Sedimentation E = Protruding F = Compacted G = Sealing H = Horizontal I = Incrustation K = Sewer brick L = Longitudinal, axial M = Jointing mortar N = Faulty construction O = Outside, to the rear P = Root growth Q = Transverse, radial R = Crack S = Fragment T = Collapse U = Closed V = Vertical W = Pipe wall X = Cracks, radiating from a point Z = Crossing of other pipelines - = When none of the listed grammalogues fits

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3rd Position: Details on leakage A = Visible escape of water B = Soil visible D = Blocked E = Penetrating water visible F = Moisture visible G = Rubble M = Penetrating water with soil visible S = Sand - = No details on leakage possible

4th Position: Position in the profile, others A = Axial F = Sewer infiltration water G = Large, heavy infiltration H = Horizontal L = Left-hand benching O = Crown, above R = Right-hand benching S = Back-up (in cm water level) U = Sole, below V = Vertical - = Complete circumference of pipe

2.2 Status Grammalogues for Shafts and Structures of Local Drainage Systems

1st Position: Status groups: A = Connection of sewers B = Fracture C = Corrosion D = Deformation F = Faulty connection H = Obstacle K = Sewer renovation measure L = Positional deviation R = Crack S = Street gully, private property drainage T = Missing component U = Leakage V = Mechanical wear W = Other condition

2nd Position: Status definition A = Lining B = Covered C = Area of pipe connection D = Sedimentation E = Protruding F = Solidified deposits G = Protruding seal H = Horizontal

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I = Incrustation K = Sewer brick L = Longitudinal M = Jointing mortar N = Incorrect construction O = Outside, to the rear P = Root growth Q = Transverse R = Crack S = Fragment T = Collapse U = Closed V = Vertical W = Walling X = Cracks, radiating from a point Z = Crossing of other pipelines and cables - = When none of the listed grammalogues fits

3rd Position: Details on leakage A = Visible escape of water B = Soil visible D = Blocked E = Penetrating water visible F = Moisture visible G = Rubble S = Sand - = No details on leakage possible

4th Position: Structure component A = Outlet side (pipe connection) B = Shoulder, tread C = Supporting ring D = Manhole cover Shaft covering E = Inlet side (pipe connection) F = Dirt bucket G = Channel, bottom H = Shaft neck, cone I = Shaft ring K = Cover (cover plate) L = Ladder M = Superstructure N = Railings P = Base plate Q = Fittings (mountings, gate valves etc) S = Step irons T = Stairs V = Access aids (handgrip) W = Wall - = General, in the whole structure

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3 Status Texts 3.1 Status Texts for Sewers and Drains 3.1.1 Branch (Fittings)

A- - (L,A,R,B) Branch [-] A- D (L,A,R,B) Blocked branch [-] AN - (L,A,R,B) Branch not correctly installed [-] AP (B,E,F,M,-) (L,A,R,B) nn Root growth through branch [%] AR (A,B,E,F,M,-) (L,A,R,B) nn Crack in the branch [mm] AU (A,B,E,F,M,-) (L,A,R,B) Branch closed [-]

3.1.2 Pipe Fracture, Pipe Outburst (all numerical addenda in cm2)

BA (A,B,E,F,M,-) (L,A,R,B,-) nn Missing piece of pipe at shaft/ structure connection [cm2] BC (A,B,E,F,M,-) (L,A,R,B,-) nn Missing piece of pipe in the area of a connection [cm2] BS (A,B,E,F,M,-) (L,A,R,B,-) nn Missing fragment [cm2] BT (A,B,E,F,M,-) (L,A,R,B,-) Collapse [-] BW (A,B,E,F,M,-) (L,A,R,B,-) nn Hole, missing piece of wall (cm2)

3.1.3 Corrosion

C- (A,B,E,F,M,-) - nn* Internal corrosion over whole circumference [-] C- (A,B,E,F,M,-) A nn* Internal corrosion in gas space [-] C- (A,B,E,F,M,-) B nn* Internal corrosion in area of pipe sole [-] CC (A,B,E,F,M,-) - nn* Internal corrosion in area of connections [-] CK (A,B,E,F,M,-) (L,A,R,B,-) nn* Corrosion of brickwork [-] CM (A,B,E,F,M,-) - nn* Corrosion of jointing mortar over complete circumference [-] CM (A,B,E,F,M,-) A nn* Corrosion of jointing mortar in gas space [-] CM (A,B,E,F,M,-) B nn* Corrosion of jointing mortar in the area of the pipe sole [-] * Possible numerical addenda on the detailed description of the corrosion or mechanical wear (s. 3.1.13):

11 = Aggregate visible 12 = Aggregate projects 13 = Aggregate has fallen out 21 = Reinforcement visible, corroded 22 = Reinforcement in part absent or projects 32 = Jointing mortar in part absent 33 = Jointing mortar completely absent

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3.1.4 Deformation of Flexible Pipes and Linings (all numerical addenda in % diameter reduction)

D- - (A,B,L,R,-) nn Deformation of flexible pipes [%]

3.1.5 Poor Connections

F- - (A,B,L,R) Poor connection [-]

3.1.6 Obstacles

H- - (L,R,B,-) nn Obstacle, general [%] HD G (L,R,B,-) nn Sedimentation, rubble [%] HD S (L,R,B,-) nn Sedimentation, sand [%] HE (A,B,E,F,M,-) (L,A,R,B,-) nn Protruding obstacle [%] HF - (H,L,A,R,B,V,-) nn Solidified deposits [%] HG (A,B,E,F,M,-) (L,A,R,B,-) nn Protruding seal [%] HI (E,F,-) (L,A,R,B,-) nn Incrustation [%] HK (A,B,E,F,M,-) (L,A,R,B,-) nn Protruding brickwork [%] HM (A,B,E,F,M,-) (L,A,R,B,-) nn Protruding sealant [%] HP (A,B,E,F,M,-) (L,A,R,B,-) nn Root growth [%] HS (A,B,E,F,M,-) (L,A,R,B,-) nn Protruding fragments [%] HZ (A,B,E,F,M,-) (L,A,R,B,H,V,-) nn Crossing pipeline, cable [%]

3.1.7 Sewer Rehabilitation Measures

K- - (L,A,R,B,-) Sewer rehabilitation measures [-] KN - (L,A,R,B,-) Sewer rehabilitation measures, incorrectly carried out [-]

3.1.8 Positional Deviations (all additional numbers in cm)

LB (A,B,E,F,M,-) (B) nn Intrados (max. water level [cm]) LB (A,B,E,F,M,-) (L,R,A) Outwards bend [-] LH (A,B,E,F,M,-) L nn Horizontal mismatch, visible left [cm] LH (A,B,E,F,M-) R nn Horizontal mismatch visible right [cm] LL (A,B,E,F,M-) (-) nn Axial displacement [cm] LV (A,B,E,F,M-) A nn Vertical mismatch, visible above [cm] LV (A,B,E,F,M-) B nn Vertical mismatch, visible below [cm]

3.1.9 Cracks (all numerical addenda in mm crack width)

RC (A,B,E,F,M-) (L,A,R,B,-) nn Crack in area of connection [mm] RL (A,B,E,F,M-) (L,A,R,B,-) nn Longitudinal [mm] RQ (A,B,E,F,M-) (L,A,R,B,-) nn Traverse crack [mm] RS (A,B,E,F,M-) (L,A,R,B,-) nn Formation of fragments, large crack width [mm] RX (A,B,E,F,M-) (L,A,R,B,-) nn Cracks radiating from a point, large crack width [mm]

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3.1.10 Connection Pieces

S- - (L,A,R,B) Connection piece [-] S- D (L,A,R,B) Connection piece, blocked [-] SE (A,B,E,F,M,-) (L,A,R,B) nn Connection piece, protruding [cm] SN (A,B,E,F,M,-) (L,A,R,B) Connection piece, incorrectly installed [-] SO (A,B,E,F,M,-) (L,A,R,B) Connection piece externally proud (to the rear) [-] SP (B,E,F,M,-) (L,A,R,B) nn Root growth through the connection piece [%] SR (A,B,E,F,M,-) (L,A,R,B) nn Crack in the connection piece [mm] SU (A,B,E,F,M,-) (L,A,R,B) Connection piece closed [-]

3.1.11 Missing Items

TK (A,B,E,F,M,-) (L,A,R,B,-) nn Missing brickwork [pce]

3.1.12 Visible Leakages UA (A,E,F,M,-) (L,A,R,B,-) Leaking shaft/structure connection [-] UC (A,E,F,M,-) (L,A,R,B,-) Leaking pipe connection [-] UW (E,F,M,-) (L,A,R,B,-) Leaking pipe wall [-]

3.1.13 Mechanical Wear

V- (A,B,E,F,M,-) (L,A,R,B,-) nn* Mechanical wear, general [-] VC (A,B,E,F,M,-) (L,A,R,B,-) nn* Mechanical wear at the pipe connection [-] * Numerical addendum for detailed description of the mechanical wear s. 3.1.3.

3.1.14 Other Damage

W- - S nn Water back-up (max. water depth) [cm] W- - F Infiltration water inflow [-] W- - G Large/heavy water infiltration [-]

3.2 Status Texts for Shafts and Structures of Local Drainage Systems

3.2.1 Connection

A- - - nn Connection in structure with diameter in mm [mm] A- D - Connection, blocked [-] AE (A,B,D,E,F,M,-) (H,I,W) nn Connection, protruding mass in cm [cm] AN (A,B,D,E,F,M,-) (H,I,W) Connection incorrectly installed [-]

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3.2.2 Fracture (all numerical addenda in cm2)

BC (A,B,E,F,M,-) (H,I,W) nn Missing piece of pipe in the area of a connection [cm2] BS (A,B,E,F,M,-) (B,G,W) nn Missing fragment [cm2] BT (A,B,E,F,M,-) (B,I,K,T,W,-) Collapse [-] BW (A,B,E,F,M,-) (G,H,I,K,P,W) nn Hole, missing piece of wall (cm2)

3.2.3 Corrosion

C- (A,B,E,F,M,-) - nn* Internal corrosion, generally over the complete structure [-] C- (A,B,E,F,M,-) (B,C,G,H,I,K,W) nn* Internal corrosion, generally of individual components [-] CC (A,E,F,-) (A,B,C,E,G,H,I,K,W,-) nn* Internal corrosion in area of connections [-] CK (A,B,E,F,M,-) (B,G,W,-) nn* Corrosion of brickwork [-] CM (A,B,E,F,M,-) (A,B,C,E,G,H,W,-) nn* Corrosion of jointing mortar [-]

* Possible numerical addenda on the detailed description of the corrosion or mechanical wear:

11 = Aggregate visible 12 = Aggregate projects 13 = Aggregate has fallen out 21 = Reinforcement visible, corroded 22 = Reinforcement in part absent or projects 32 = Jointing mortar in part absent 33 = Jointing mortar completely absent

3.2.4 Deformation

D- (A,E,F,-) (B,C,D,F,G,H,I K,L,M,N,Q,S,T,V,-) Deformation or defect, general [-] D- (A,E,F,-) W nn Deformation of shaft wall in % of shaft diameter [%]

3.2.5 Poor Connections

F- - - Poor connection, general [-]

3.2.6 Obstacles

H- - - nn Obstacle in structure, general [cm] HD (G) (B,G,-) nn Sedimentation, rubble, max height in cm [cm] HD (S) (B,G,-) nn Sedimentation, sand, max. height in cm [cm] HE (A,B,E,F,M,-) (A,E,H,I,K,W,-) nn Protruding obstacle, protrusion in cm [cm] HF - (B,G,-) nn Solidified deposits, max. height in cm [cm] HI - - Incrustation [-]

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HK (A,B,E,F,M,-) (B,G,W,-) Protruding brickwork [-] HP (A,B,E,F,M,-) (A,E,H,I,W,-) Root growth [-] HZ (A,B,E,F,M,-) (A,B,E,G,H,I,W,-) nn Crossing pipeline, cable diameter in cm [cm]

3.2.7 Sewer Rehabilitation Measures

K- - (A,B,C,D,E,F,G,H,I,K, L,M,N,P,Q,S,T,V,W,-) Sewer rehabilitation measures [-] KN - (A,B,C,D,E,F,G,H,I,K, L,M,N,P,Q,S,T,V,W,-) Sewer rehabilitation measures, incorrectly carried out [-]

3.2.8 Positional Deviations LH (A,B,E,F,M-) (A,C,D,E,I,H,-) nn Horizontal mismatch [cm] LL (A,B,E,F,M-) (A,E,-) nn Axial displacement [cm]

3.2.9 Cracks (all numerical addenda in mm crack width)

R- (A,B,E,F,M,-) (B,G,H,I,K,W,-) nn Crack, general [mm] R- (A,B,E,F,M,-) (A,E) nn Crack in area of connection [mm] RC (A,B,E,F,M-) (H,I,W) nn Crack in area of pipe connection [mm] RL (A,B,E,F,M-) (H,I,W) nn Horizontal crack [mm] RS (A,B,E,F,M-) (H,I,W) nn Formation of fragments, large crack width [mm] RV (A,B,E,F,M-) (H,I,W) nn Vertical crack [mm] RX (A,B,E,F,M-) (H,I,W) nn Cracks radiating from a point, large crack width [mm]

3.2.10 Street Gullies, Private Property Connections

S- (A,B,D,E,F,M,-) - nn Connection in structure with diameter in mm [mm] S- D - Connection, blocked [-] SE (A,B,D,E,F,M,-) (H,I,W) nn Connection, protruding, protrusion in cm [cm] SN (A,B,D,E,F,M,-) (H,I,W) Connection, incorrectly Installed [-] SO (A,B,D,E,F,M,-) (H,I,W) nn Connection externally proud (to the rear) about nn in cm [cm] SP (D,B,E,F,M,-) (H,I,W) nn Root growth through the connection, cross-section reduction in % [%] SR (A,B,D,E,F,M,-) (H,I,W) nn Crack in connection crack width in mm [mm]

3.2.11 Missing Items

T- (A,B,E,F,M,-) (B,C,D,F,G,K,L,

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M,N,Q,S,T,V) nn Missing component, general, if required with number [pce] TK (A,B,E,F,M,-) (B,G,W) nn Missing brickwork [cm2]

3.2.12 Visible Leakages

U- (A,E,F,M,-) (A,B,C,D,E,G,H, I,K,M,P,W,-) Visible leakage in area of Individual component [-] UC (A,E,F,M,-) (I) Shaft ring connection leaking [-]

3.2.13 Mechanical Wear

V- (A,B,E,F,M,-) (B,C,G,H,I,K,W) nn* Mechanical wear, general In individual component [-] VC (A,E,F,-) (A,B,C,E,G,H,I, K,W,-) nn* Mechanical wear in area of pipe connection [-] * Numerical addendum for detailed description of the mechanical wear s. 3.2.3

3.2.14 Other Damage

W- - G Large/heavy water infiltration [-]