Attribution from a Research Library Perspective Micah Altman Director of Research MIT Libraries Prepared for How Librarians Use, Implement and Can Support Research Identifiers . NISO Webinar August 2016
Attribution from a Research Library
Perspective
Micah AltmanDirector of Research
MIT Libraries
Prepared for How Librarians Use, Implement and Can
Support Research Identifiers.NISO WebinarAugust 2016
DisclaimerThese opinions are my own, they are not the opinions of MIT, any of the project funders, nor (with the exception of co-authored previously published work) my collaborators
Secondary disclaimer:
“It’s tough to make predictions, especially about the future!”-- Attributed to Woody Allen, Yogi Berra, Niels Bohr, Vint Cerf, Winston Churchill, Confucius, Disreali [sic], Freeman Dyson, Cecil B. Demille, Albert Einstein, Enrico Fermi, Edgar R. Fiedler, Bob Fourer, Sam Goldwyn, Allan Lamport, Groucho Marx,
Dan Quayle, George Bernard Shaw, Casey Stengel, Will Rogers, M. Taub, Mark Twain, Kerr L. White, etc.
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Credits• Collaborators (in part):
– Amy Brand, Liz Allen, Karen Smith-Yoshimura, OCLC
Identifeers group
• Acknowlegements
– CASRAI CRediT Board
– ORCID Team, ORCID Board
• Research Support
– Supported in part by Wellcome Trust 3
Related Publications• Brand A, Allen L, Altman M, Hlava M, Scott J. Beyond authorship: attribution,
contribution, collaboration, and credit. Learned Publishing [Internet]. 2015;28(2):151-155.
• Allen L, Scott J, Brand A, Hlava M, Altman M. Publishing: Credit where credit is due. Nature [Internet]. 2014;508(7496):312-313
• Smith-Yoshimura K, Altman M, Cristán AL, Dawson L, Dunham J, Hickey T, Hook D, Horstmann W, MacEwan A, Schreur P, et al. Registering Researchers in Authority Files. Dublin, OH: OCLC; 2014
• Altman, Micah, and Gary King. "A proposed standard for the scholarly citation of quantitative data." D-lib 13, no. 3 (2007):
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Reprints available from:informatics.mit.edu
Today’s Perspectives
* Lifecycle View ** Emerging Practice *
* On the Horizon *
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Lifecycle View
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Identifiers are Not Just for Published Articles
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● Identifiers may apply to many types of works
● Identifiers may reference different types of entities
● Identifiers may be assigned at any lifecycle stage
Research Information Lifecycle
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Creation /
Collection
Storage /
Ingest
Processing / Transformation
Internal Sharing
Analysis
External Dissemination
/Publication
Short & Long-term
Access
ReuseData
SoftwareArticlesFiguresImages
Lifecycle Management Metadata
● Identifiers ● Fixity● Provenance● Rights
Identifier Types
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● Actors○ Organizations
○ People
○ Works
● Relationships○ Contribution
/ Authorship
○ Rights / Obligations
○ Reference / derivation (evidentiary)
○ Attribution
Works
Organizations People
Works
It’s Complicated● Identifying all actors● Identifying all works● Capturing provenance● Communicate
trustworthiness● Enabling upstream
corrections and annotations
● Integrating into research tools
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Emerging Practice
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Beyond Watchful Waiting - Time to Engage
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● ORCID has emerged as the standard researcher identification infrastructure
● All major scholarly publishers support ORCIDs -- many require them
● ORCID now integrated into all major manuscript management systems
● CrossRef integration complete, provides ability to automatically add / update author records on publication
● Most major funders either support or require ORCIDs
● Many universities are integrating ORCIDs into their processes and systems
The MIT ExperienceRoles
- Business Owner, Communications Lead: Institutional Research, Provost Office
- Technical Support & Development: IS&T
- Patron Service & Support: Libraries
Target Systems- MIT ORCID creation service- MIT Data warehouse - ID table - MIT Profile System - DSPACE integration- HR Systems (Atlas Integration)
Outline of registration process
1. Pre-registration check #1 2. 1st contact email. 3. 2nd Contact email.4. Post-registration check5. ORCID Confirmation Email6. Integration of publication information
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MIT 2015 Rollout- 6/15 – Pilot-Phase Rollout – Physic/RLE
o 587 People in Scopeo 61 created/linked themselves
(completed at stage 1-3)o 6 opt-outs (completed at stage 2-3)o 29 ORCID’s existed with a private
MIT address (completed at stage 4)o 491 new ORCID’s registeredo 0 questions received/problems
reported
- 8/15 – Full Rollouto 11042 people in scopeo 1501 created/linked themselves
(completed at stage 1-3)o 23 opt-outs (completed at stage
2-3)o 427 with a private MIT address
(completed at stage 4)o 9091 new ORCID’s registeredo 9 questions received by
Institutional Research, & libraries
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Why ORCID?✓ Connects your work✓ Eliminates name ambiguity✓ Stays with you through your career✓ Improves discoverability
What is ORCID?✓ Unique, persistent identifier
for researchers & scholars✓ Non-profit organization support✓ Links authors, funders, publishing
Create an ORCID through MIT http://orcid.mit.edu/
@How is MIT used @ MIT?
✓ Automatically provided – for faculty, staff, postdocs & grads
✓ Linked to your MIT ID ✓ Integrates with MIT Systems:✓ MIT Electronic Professional
Record✓ DSPACE@MIT
✓ Reduced Paperwork✓ Supports Open Access and
Accreditation
Grants
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2753-3881
Repositories
Researcher Information
Systems
Manuscript submission
Other identifiersSociety
membership
Use your ORCID iD!✓ Manuscript submission✓ Grant applications✓ Professional society
membership✓ Link with other
identifiers & profiles✓ Display on your CV,
web page, and moreQuestions?
http://libguides.mit.edu/authorids
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ORCID COLLECT AND CONNECT● Collecting validated ORCID iDs for your
employees, members, affiliates, and
students…
● Displaying iDs to signal to your employees
and affiliates that your information systems are
plumbed to support their use of ORCID
● Connecting information about affiliation – and,
if applicable, contributions – to an individual’s
ORCID record,...
● Synchronizing with your systems to improve
reporting accuracy and speed
18https://orcid.org/content/collect-connect
ORCID COLLECT AND CONNECT
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Future Proofing Systems● Metadata Design
○ Authors, organizations are not strings
○ identifiers are multi-valued
○ multiple identifier authorities, resolvers
● Systems Design - Separation of Concerns
○ Persistent identifiers
○ Authoritative metadata
○ Profile information
● Prepare for
○ more complex evaluation
○ more complex reporting of usage
● Ask for more than PDF’s …Many publishers are already associating
each article with:
○ Multi-valued author list
○ Identifiers – author, funder,
institution
○ Contribution/COI statements
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On the Horizon
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Recognizing Contributor Roles
• Identified people relate to works through different roles
• Increasingly contribution roles are being standardized through the CASRAI CRediT taxonomies
• Publishers and publisher systems are beginning to incorporate this in systems, metadata, and policies
• ORCID now provides pilot support for limited roles through Mozilla contributor badges, and will has announced plans to expand role support
Initiatives
• Standardization
casrai.org/credit
• Systems Integrationwww.ariessys.com/software/standards/
• Authorship Policies– PLOS:
journals.plos.org/plosone/s/authorship
– CELL: www.cell.com/cell/authors
– ACM:www.acm.org/publications/policies/policy_on_authorship
Bridging Person Identifiers, Data and Software• Increasing integration of ORCID
identifiers into data repositories over the last 3 years
• ORCID identifiers now integrated with Datacite, and TR Data Citation Index
• ORCID auto-update functionality integrated with DataCite
• Broader practices are beginning to emerge for software repositories, and citation
Initiatives to Watch• Project THOR
project-thor.eu
• FORCE 11 Software Citation Principleswww.force11.org/software-citation-principles
• ACM New Publication Policies on Software Reproducibility and Contributorshipwww.acm.org/publications/policies
• Software Preservation initiatives:- www.softwarepreservationnetwork.org- www.softwareheritage.org - guides.github.com/activities/citable-code/
Questions?Web:
Informatics.mit.edu
Email:
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