CHAPTER V KERALA STATE HOUSING BOARD - AN OVER VIEW 5.1 K.S.H.B - STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS: The Kerala State Housing Board (KSHB) was established in 1971 as per the Kerala State Housing Board Act 1971, merging the erstwhile city Improvement Trust. The KSHB is one of the premier Housing Boards in India and is rendering meritorious service to the public in acquiring a shelter. The KSHB provided houses for nearly 5 lakh families, over the past 25 years under various schemes, out of which 85 percent belong to the economically weaker sections. The mission of the Housing Board is to provide a habitable shelter to all houseless in the state. The state of Kerala requires at least two lakh houses every year to sort out the problem of housing shortage. To achieve the goal of shelter for all by the end of this century, Kerala Government has envisaged a comprehensive programme styled Rajiv One Million Housing Scheme. It covers all the schemes being implemented by the several housing agencies in the state. Kerala State Housing Board has been nominated as the nodal agency for the successful implementationof this scheme. KSHB has evolved several result oriented schemes in order to tackle this s~tuat~on effectively. KSHB pays greater attention to building houses for the weaker sections in society. Housing Complex for rehabilitatingthe houseless and landless merits special mention. Taking the enormity of the problem faced by the EWS into consideration in addition to meeting the
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CHAPTER V
KERALA STATE HOUSING BOARD - AN OVER VIEW
5.1 K.S.H.B - STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS:
The Kerala State Housing Board (KSHB) was established in 1971
as per the Kerala State Housing Board Act 1971, merging the erstwhile
city Improvement Trust. The KSHB is one of the premier Housing Boards
in India and is rendering meritorious service to the public in acquiring a
shelter. The KSHB provided houses for nearly 5 lakh families, over the
past 25 years under various schemes, out of which 85 percent belong to
the economically weaker sections. The mission of the Housing Board is to
provide a habitable shelter to all houseless in the state.
The state of Kerala requires at least two lakh houses every year to
sort out the problem of housing shortage. To achieve the goal of shelter
for all by the end of this century, Kerala Government has envisaged a
comprehensive programme styled Rajiv One Million Housing Scheme. It
covers all the schemes being implemented by the several housing agencies
in the state. Kerala State Housing Board has been nominated as the nodal
agency for the successful implementation of this scheme.
KSHB has evolved several result oriented schemes in order to tackle
this s~tuat~on effectively. KSHB pays greater attention to building houses
for the weaker sections in society. Housing Complex for rehabilitating the
houseless and landless merits special mention. Taking the enormity of the
problem faced by the EWS into consideration in addition to meeting the
housing shortage, the Government has taken steps by concentrating in
upgrading and improving the facilities of houses constructed under the One
Lakh Housing Scheme.
Apart from the lack of finance, escalation in the wage rate of
labourers, cost of materials, and skyrocketting price of land are factors
affecting the housing sector. In this context Housing Board can be the
effective instrument in the purposeful implementation of this important social
objectrve -that is to provide shelter to the homeless and landless.
Crtres are growing fast with scant regard for order of any sort. The
rnflux of labourers from rural areas to urban areas, continues unabated.
Eventually they happen to settle down in the city and its suburbs. To ease
the pressure upon the city and thereby slow down the inflow of people,
Government, has evolved a scheme to establish satellite town ships in
Thrruvananthapuram, Ernakulam and Kozhikode. The first of its kind has
come rnto berng at Tripunrthura near Ernakulam.
The Government has entrusted the work to Kerala State Housing
Board. The Government has entrusted the Board with the construction of
revenue towers at Taluk headquarters. The work of seven Revenue Towers
has already started as the first phase.
As regards the organisational structure the KSHB has 15 members
headed by a non-official chairman. The Housing Commissioner to the
Government is the ex-officio secretary to the Board and is the Chief
Execut~ve The whole state is divided into three regions namely
Th~ruvananthapuram, Ernakulam, Kozhikode and each region is headed
by a regronal Engineer. The Regional Engineers are under the control of a
Chief Engineer stationed at Thiruvananthapuram. The Board has district
offices in all fourteen districts and branch offices in important centres.
Kerala has been making concerted efforts to tide over the crises by
lntroducrng cost effective technology in the field. Attempts are being made
to encourage people to make judicious use of wood so as to help conserve
energy Importance has been given to build housesfor the weaker section
using cost effective methods and utilising locally available materials.
It is estimated that out of 54.59 lakh houses, about 20% are thatched
huts of a semipermanent nature. About 50% of the above category are
substandard huts which are not fit for safe human living. In additions, about
5% of the ex~sting houses required to be demolished and reconstructed.
Thus the demand for housing during the year 1991 was 8.74 lakhs.
The KSHB continues its activities to ease the housing problem.
lnnovatlve and need based schemes for all categories of the society are
implemented by the board. Public housing scheme and cash loan schemes
have pride of place among them. With a view to implement a comprehensive
plan covering the housing needs of all categories, Rajiv one Million Housing
Scheme was launched by the Government of Kerala on 17th September
1991. All the schemes implemented by the public sector agencies were
brought under the Rajiv one Million Housing Scheme.
The progress and implementation within the years 1991-1995 was
substantla1 that nearly 3.5 lakh housing units could be completed during
this period. Of this the share of Kerala State Housing Board alone is 65,000
hous~ng units. A total amount of Rs. 456.28 crores was invested in the
Housing sector during this period.
Kerala State Housing Board could achieve high performance level
In the implementation of Rajiv one Million Housing scheme. Anumber of
steps were taken to improve the performance of the board. Nearly 19 public
hous~ng schemes were completed and 51 schemes were started. Many
policy decisions were taken during the year 1991 -1994 which helped the
turnaround of the Board. Direct purchase of land, exemption from stamp
duty, interest subsidy for EWS category, finalisation of Apartment
Regulation Act, decentralisation, special cell for recovery of dues, issue of
sale deeds, allotment before construction, streamlining of loan
disbursement, finalisation of pending annual accounts etc. are important
among them. When thousands of people became homeless due to the
earth quake in Maharashtra the Board volunteered to take up construction
of 200 houses in Lathur for the victims.
HUDCO has acclaimed KSHB as the best housing agency during
1992-93, 94-95 and 96-97 for its innovative housing schemes, contribution
to weaker section housing, financial discipline and overall performance.
The Board earned profits for the years 1991-96 and is ranked as the 6th
organisation in profitability among the 101 public sector undertakings in
the state '
5.2 SCHEMES OF KSHB IN THE YEAR 2000 :-
The people's campaign for the 9th five year plan, the instruments
for decentralised planning in Kerala has been progressing satisfactorily
with the help of the local bodies. Till recently, the housing activities were
1 Kerala State Housing Board 1995-1996. Silver Jubilee year Report of the Chairman V.T. Sebastian and Secretary P.M. John, p .1 ,2 , 3 Santhi Nagar, Trivandmm.
done by various agencies mainly by the Kerala State Housing Board. Now
the prime role has been transferred to the local bodies consisting of 990
Grama Panchayats, 55 Municipalities, 3 Municipal Corporations, 152 block
Panchayats, and 14 district Panchayats. They are entrusted with the
responsibility of assessing housing demand, estimating resource fund
mobilisation of local skills and building materials, identifying beneficiaries,
implementing and monitoring housing schemes and projects.
The State Government has constituted a task force on housing to
draw up integrated development programmes for the housing sector. They
have assessed the demand for houses as 7 lakhs by the year 2000 AD.
According to the statistics of the planning board 9 lakh houses have already
been constructed between 1991 and 1998. In order to achieve "House for
All by 2002." Kerala may have to construct 1.72 lakh houses every year till
2002. Considering the gravity of the problem, the ninth five year plan has
formulated policies keeping in view the problems of the poorer sections.
The Ma~thri Housing Scheme launched by the Government of Kerala to
provide one lakh new houses for the poor belonging to the economically
weaker sections every year, satisfies one of the most basic needs of our
soc~ety. All our programmes for construction of new houses are directed
towards improving the quality of life for the people proposing to live in them.
Though prime importance is given to the economically weaker sections of
the society provision of housesfor other sectors like LIG, MIG, HIG Rental
Housing Scheme for Government employees etc. are also implemented.
The Government of Kerala proposed to cover the demand for houses
during the years 1999-2002 of the IX plan by a comprehensive housing
scheme through various agencies as follows:
228
Table 5.2.1 . \
/ Housing Agencies and the houses to be constructed I
Kerala State Housing Board
Kerala State Co-operative Housing Federation
Kerala State Development Corporation for SCIST,
STISC Development Department
Rural Development Commissionerate
Housing Finance Institutions, HDFC, LIC, Bank
Housing Scheme through CDS for urban poor
SI No.
Total ~ -- - - -
Source: Housing activities in Kerala (Brief Note) 1999
Housing Agency
The Housing Commissionerate under the control of the housing
commissioner is the nodal department for Co-ordinating the housing
schemes of all agencies to achieve the goal. Kerala State Housing Board,
being the premier housing agency of the state and fore runner in providing
the hous~ng requirements of the state was nominated as the Nodal Agency
for the implementation of various housing schemes. While private
developers are the major suppliers of housing in major urban centres,
housing for the poor remains outside the formal private delivery system.
Hence much remains to be done in designing and financing low income
housing "
Houses to be constructed
2 A brief note on Housing activities in Kerala pp. 1-2, 1999 office of the Housing CotTWIiSSion, Trivandrum.
The primary objective of the Housing Board is to formulate and
~mplement various housing construction schemes, as well as housing loan
schemes for catering to the housing needs of public, belonging to various
income groups namely, weaker sections, low income group, middle income
group and high income group. In addition to this, General improvement
schemes like commercial cum office complex, Government directed
schemes like rental housing schemes, slum improvement schemes,
housing complexes for EWS, Rehabilitation housing scheme, revenue
towers etc. Taking construction work of other agencies also forms part of
the activ~ties of the Board. A brief note on various housing schemes and
cash loan schemes implemented by the Kerala State Housing Board is
furnished below:
5.2.1. Public Housing Scheme (General):
Under this scheme the KSHB acquires/purchases land, develops it
and constructs houseslflats for allotment or allot as plots to the general
public belonging to various income groups. The demand in an area is
assessed based on the registration made by the public preferring allotment
in that area. The land is either purchased directly through negotiation or
acquired as per the Land Acquisition Act. The Board has completed 11128
units under 141 public housing schemes as on 31.10.1999. Construction
of another 752 units in 10 schemes with a project cost of Rs. 7264.72
lakhs are in progress.
5.2.2. Rental Housing Scheme :
The Board has taken up the Rental Housing Scheme by availing
financ~al assstance from the Government, the HUDCO and HDFC for the
purpose of accommodating state Government employees. Construction
of 42 units at Perumbavoor with a project cost of Rs. 268.8 lakhs has been
completed during 1997-98 and of another 78 units with a project cost of
Rs. 931.9 lakhs at Kuttanelloor, Kasargod and Poojappura are at different
stages The Board has completed 1755 units so far.
5.2.3. Housing Schemes for Working Journalists:
Under this scheme (introduced on 24.07.1978), houses are
constructed and allotted to the working journalists in the state. A journalist
who does not possess a house either in his name or in the name of his
wife or dependent children also has the option for constructing a house
either in the plot owned by him or in the plot allotted by the Housing Board.
As per G.0 dated 17.06.83, Government revised the schemes by granting
loan assistance and subsidy for the construction of houses in developed
plots. Twenty Five percentage of the total cost of construction subject to a
maximum of Rs.20,0001- was subsidy component. Later Government
revised the subsidy to Rs. 35,0001- and then to Rs. 50,0001-. Under this
scheme subsidy was given to 95 cases from 1996-1 997 to December 1999.
A spec~al scheme for the working journalist was also formulated and the
construction of 54 units with a project cost of Rs. 316.18 lakhs is completed
in NCC Road, Thiruvananthapuram during 1999-2000.
5.2.4 Housing scheme for Non-Resident Indians :
To cater to the long felt need of Non-resident Indians, the KSHB has
established an NRI cell and are formulating a scheme exclusively for non-
resident Indians. The KSHB allots house sites, gives technical guidance,
supervises constructions etc. Houses are constructed as per the plan
accepted by the NRls in sites acquired exclusively for them. House with
modern facilities with a tentative cost of Rs. 12 lakhs including land value
IS constructed in each selected centre. Loan upto 60% of the cost is given
by the Board and the balance of 40% is the beneficiaries' share. Apart
from thls a certain percentage has been reserved for the NRls in the
allotment of ploUplot with buildinglflats in the public housing schemes of
the Board. Housing schemes exclusively for NRls at Kozhencherri,
Thiruvikramangalam, and Thrikkakara stage Ill are completed. Construction
of 50 units at Mulamkunnathukavu was completed during 1998-'99 and 50
unlts at Pattoor (Reserved for NRls from Pattoor HS), 40 flats at Thrikkakara
and 12 flats at TD Road Ernakulam are in progress.
5.2.5 Housing Complexes (EWS) :
Thls scheme is formulated for the weakest among the economically
weaker sections of the society. The beneficiaries of the scheme are those
who res~de on the road, thodu (gutter) and other Puramboke (Government
land) area. It proposes to construct 50,000 houses within a period of 5
years spreading over 1000 Panchayats. Land for the purpose is purchased
through negotiation, if no suitable Government lands are available.
Construction of 3635 units has been completed in different Panchayats
and construction of another 149 units are in progress.
5.2.6. Office Cum Commercial Complexes:-
Along with public housing schemes, the Kerala State Housing Board
has taken up the construction of officecum-mmmercial/shopping complex
in scheme areas as well as in the major cities and towns. These schemes
cater to the commerciallshopping needs of the area. The rentalllease
revenue IS a major source of income of the Board. The Board has
constructed 19 commercial wmplex/shopping complex so far. Construction
of commercial complex at Balaramapuram and Kattapana are in good
progress and the construction of another 15 numbers are at its initial stages.
5.2.7. Revenue Towers:
The Board has taken up the construction of Revenue Towers in Taluk
Headquarters where there is no mini civil station, as sanctioned in G.O.
(MS) 92IHSQ dt. 28.11.1992. Construction of revenue towers at
Nedumangad, Adoor, Thiruvalla, Kothamangalam, Ernakulam and
Changanasserry are in progress.
5.2.8. Satellite Townships:
With a view to develop parellel townships in the vicinity of the major
townsh~ps near the three Corporation areas of the state namely,
Thiruvanathapuram, Kochi and Kozhikode satellite townships are planned
and being implemented by KSHB. As afirst step in this regard it is proposed
to implement a satellite township in Ernakulam District in an area of 500
acres of land. This project is under formulation. A mini satellite township is
also proposed to be implemented at Akkulam near Thiruvanathapuram
Corporat~on in an area of 48 acres of land, acquired by the Board. This
project is proposed to be completed within three years.
5.2.9. Industrial Township:
It IS proposed to construct an industrial township at Kalamassery in
an area of 50 acres of land. The land for the purpose has been taken
possession on 8.12.1995.
5.2.10. Working Women's Hostel:
The Board has decided to implement working women's hostel
project in all important places in the state for accommodating working
women At the outset the proposal is to construct hostels at ldukki, Kottayam,
Thiruvanathapuram, Kozhikode, Ernakulam, Wayanad, Kannur and
Kasargode. The construction work for working women's hostel at ldukki
(Muttom, Thodupuzha) for accommodating 180 persons at a wst of 103.84
lakhs IS almost completed and at Kottayam (Gandhinagar)
accommodating 186 persons at a cost of Rs. 148.32 lakhs is completed
during this financial year. Steps are being taken for constructing working
women s hostel at Thrissur. All the district collectors have also been
requested to identify suitable Government land in this respective districts
for the scheme.
5.2.11. Tourists Cottages:
Considering the possibility of developing tourism in Kerala, the
Board proposes to construct 10 cottages each at important tourism
centres. At the initial stage, the Board will take necessary steps to construct
cottages, at Akkulam in the land possessed by Kerala State Housing
Board. Also the Board proposes, to construct tourist wttages, at Munnar,
Note: Loan amount, rate of interest and monthly repayment instalments will be decided as perthe stipulation of HUDCO and other financial institutions. Repayment of loan with interest may
Item
Land
be begun from the next month of the completion of thebuilding or the next month of the disbursement of the last loan instalment whichever is earlier.
1 2 1 Buddrng 1 245 sq fi
Beneficiary's share
Rs. 1000
5.6.1.2. Housing Scheme for Weaker Sections:
Area
Maximum 3 cents
The scheme proposes to construct houses for weaker sections of
the society having a piece of land of their own, but living in uninhabitable
settlements. The scheme is beneficial to those with atleast two cents of
land owned by them and have a monthly income of Rs. 1250 and below.
Rs. 1500 will be deducted from the beneficiary's loan
Rs.1500 will be returned to the voluntary organisation as per the beneficiary's request
Rs.2500
Cost Of loan amount
252 monthly instalments
Initial amount to be invested
by the beneficiary himself or With the help of
voluntary organisa-
tion
received
Repayment period
(including interest)
Remarks
Subsidy Rs.1500 will be
Table 5.6.4
Housing Scheme for weaker sections
Source : ROMHS, KSHB, Thiruvananthapurarn - 1991.
SI. No.
1
Table 5.6.5
Modes of adjustments when the subsidy is received from the government
Item
Land
Rs. 2500
Rs. 2500
Area
hrmhe G-- mn( k
Rs.15000 Rs. 12500
Share of voluntary
organisation
Rs. 1500 will be deducted from the beneficiary's loan
Rs.1500 will be returned to the voluntary organisation as per the beneficialy's
Maximum purchasing price of the
land
RS.2500
Total subsidy
Source : ROMHS, KSHB, Thiruvananthapurarn - 1991.
Beneficiaries should possess his own land with basic facilities and without any liability
252 monthly instalments
Subsidy adjustments
Note: Loan amount, rate of interest and monthly repayment instalments will be decided as perthe stipulation of HUDCO and other financial institutions. Repayment of loan with interest may be begun from the next month of the completion of the building or the nefi month of the disbursement of the last loan instalment whichever is earlier.
Value of developed plot obtain- able to the beneficiary after the
completion of the scheme
subsii RS.IW f a each houbawill be received
Voluntary organisations prepared to contribute Rs. 2500 for each
house will accept applications for beneficiaries and transfer them to village
of losn
officers. Voluntary organisations should hand over their share of Rs. 2500
to KSHB. The Board will later distribute this amount to the beneficiaries
lnltial amount to be ilvestad
by the Deneficia himself 2 with the help of
voluntary organisa-
tion
Repayment Period
(including interest)
Ramarks
along with loan instalments. However, the voluntary organisations can render
this subsldy directly to the beneficiaries with the concurrence of the KSHB.
The Board will grant cash loan in such cases also. The prescribed
application forms of this schemes can be had from all village offices. The
scheme ~ntends to construct 90,000 houses in a year in all districts at a
total cost of Rs. 135 crores. Total amount of loan will be Rs. 112.50 crores
and Rs. 13.50 crores and Rs. 9 crores will be the subsidy and the share of
beneficiaries or voluntary organisations respectively.
5.5.1.3. Cash Loan Housing Scheme for Low Income Group:
The scheme assists persons having a monthly income over Rs. 1250
and a maxlmum of Rs. 2650 for construction of houses in the land owned
by them
Table 5.6.6
Cash Loan Housing Scheme for LIG
Source : ROMHS, KSHB, Jhiruvananthapuram, 1991
Kerala State Housing Board development authorities, local bodies,
commercial banks, Agricultural Development Bank and Housing Financial
Institutions are the agencies for selecting the beneficiaries and for
implementing the scheme. The scheme has the provision of loan assistance
of Rs. 90 crores for the constructions of 30,000 houses in a year.
NO.
I
2
nm
Land
Building
Benefici- ary.s share
Area
Minimum 3 cents
267 sqft
Subsidy cost Loan
amount
Beneficiary should possess his own land with basic facilities and without any liability
Total amount
Rs 40000
Repayment period
including interest
Rs.10000
Remarks
Rs.30000 Rs.40000 Nil 168 month
5.6.1.4. Cash Loan Housing Scheme for Middle Income Group:
The scheme benefits those having a monthly income of over
Rs 2650 and up to Rs. 4450 and gets loan assistance for construction of
houses in thew own land. The scheme provides loan assistance of Rs. 600
crores for constructrng 60,000 houses in a year. KSHB, Development
authorit~es, local bod~es, Co-operative Banks, Agricultural Development
Banks, HDFC, Ind Bank, Canfin Homes, LIC, GIC etc. are the implementing
agencles Table 5.6.7
Cash Loan Scheme for Middle Income Group
Source : ROMHS, KSHB, Thiruvananthapuram, 1991.
Table 5.6.8
Cash Loan Scheme for High Income Group
'I. No.
i
2
Source : ROMHS. KSHB. Thiruvananthapuram, 1991.
No.
I
2
The scheme envisages provision of loan assistance to persons with
a monthly income of over Rs. 4450 for house construction in the plot owned
by them
Item
Land
Building
nrea
Minlrnum cents
680 sqft
Cost
ltem
Land
Building
Loan amount
~ r e a
Mlnimum cents
1585 Sq ft
Beneficiary Should possess his own land with basic facilities and without any liability
Subsidy
Rs 135000
Loan amount
Beneficiary's share
Rs.lOOOOO
Subsidy
Beneficiary should possess his own land with basic facilities and without any liability
Repayment period (including
interest)
Nil
Beneficiary's share
- Remarks
- Rs.3.35 lakhs
Rs.35000
Repayment period (including
interest)
Rs.1.35 lakhs
168 monthly instalments
Remarks
Rs.200000 168 monthly instalrnents
Nil
The scheme is intended to provide loan of Rs. 138 crores to 6,900
persons in a year for building houses. The implementing agencies are the
same as mentioned underthe cash loan housing scheme for middle income
group
5.6.1.5. Public Housing Scheme:
Under this scheme KSHB acquires Ian d, develops it, constructs
houses and flats and allots them to the general public belonging to various
income groups. The target is to implement one project to construct 100
houses in each and every town and city in the state. Atotal of 1150 houses
and flats are aimed to build with a total cost of Rs. 38.50 crores. Such
houses will be allotted purely on the basis of seniority, to the persons
registered under the Registration scheme of the Board. The allottee should
rem~t a prescribed amount as initial deposit and the balance amount is to
be paid in 168 instalments.
5.6.1.6. Housing Scheme for Working Journalists:
llnder the scheme specially meant for the working journalists KSHB
acquires land, develops it, divides into different sizes and then allots them
to the beneficiaries either with houses or plots alone. The scheme aims to
construct fifty houses in a year, altogether 250 houses in a five year period.
The total amount of loan to be raised from the financial institutions and the
benefic~ar~es' share along with the subsidy enhanced from Rs.20,000 to
25,000 will be utilised for the implementation of the scheme.
Loan assistance varying from Rs. 30,000 to Rs. 2 lakhs may be
granted according to eligibility; income limit will be considered for the
construction of houses in their own plots. Total cost for the project for the
construction of 50 houses in a year is estimated at Rs. 1.70 crores. District
level wmm~ttee consisting of the representatives of the working journalists
and district collector as Chairman will select the beneficiaries. While
granting loans preference will be given to the working journalists who
applied for the loan schemes of KSHB. The final shape of the scheme will
be prepared considering the availability of land after consultation with the
representatives of working journalists.
5.6.1.7. Housing Scheme for Gazetted Officers:
The scheme intends to construct 300 houses in a year - 100 units
each in Thiruvanathapuram, Kochi and Kozhikode to the gazetted officers
of the state. The cost of each including plot is estimated to be 3.35 lakhs.
An amount of Rs. 2 lakhs will be the loan assistance from the financial
institutions The total project cost for constructing 300 houses is Rs. 10.05
crores
5.6.1.8. Housing Scheme for Non-Resident Indians:
A large number of Keralites working in foreign countries are not in
a position to own a house. Rajiv One Million Housing Scheme formulates
housing scheme for this section also. It is proposed to construct houses
as per the plan submitted by the beneficiaries on the land specially acquired
for them. The scheme envisages special housing colonies for Keralites
working abroad in each centre. The cost of each house with modern
facilities including the cost of developed land is estimated to be
Rs. 7 lakhs. Of the total cost 60% will be the loan assistance and the balance
of 40% is the beneficiaries share. Under the scheme KSHB will construct
400 houses in a year and the target is 2000 houses within a period of 5
years Loan assistance is to be raised from financial institutions such as
Ind Bank, National Housing Bank and HDFC. The scheme will be formulated
according to the conditions laid down by these financial institutions.
The Keralites residing abroad are experiencing various practical
difficult~es in constructing a house of their own. Persons living abroad and
whose construction progressing in the homeland not only results in heavy
financial losses but also ends with a house not at all suitable to his image.
Taking thls into consideration, KSHB proposes to implement a scheme for
providing technical assistance and giving supervision for the construction
work.
5.6.1.9. Rental Housing Scheme for Government Employees:
Housing for Government employees is also a life issue. For easing
the accommodation problem of the Government employees, it is proposed
to construct each rental housing unit in all Taluk headquarters. Each unit is
estimated to cost Rs. 2 lakhs. A loan assistance of Rs. 1.15 lakhs can be
raised from HUDCO and the balance of Rs. 85,000 can be the Government
share. All the available puramboke land will be utilised forthe same.
Total cost of the scheme is estimated to be Rs. 24 crores for the
construction of 1200 quarters in a year. Ten percent from the total cost will
be utilised for implementing Bachelorslworking women's rental housing
scheme.
5.6.1 .lo. Home upgradation scheme: (including one lakh houses)
Upgradation of existing houses is also an important factor along
with the construction of new houses. A novel scheme is formulated for the
upgradation of houses built over the one lakh housing scheme in the state.
It is proposed to spend a maximum amount of Rs. 4000for each unit. The
scheme is completely free from repayment. The estimate for the home
upgradation is to be prepared through the local bodies and the
maintenance not exceeding Rs. 4000 will be done. Rs. 3000 will be the
contribut~on from the local bodies from their share through sales of lndira
Vikas Patra. Government subsidy is Rs. 10001-. The implementing agency
of the scheme is the local body. Voluntary organisation capable of
mobilising the required fund can also takeover the scheme with the
concurrence of the local bodies.
The benefiricaries entitled for their home upgradation should apply
in white paper with details of the work. One copy of the application should
be submitted to the Panchayat Executive Officer and the other copy to the
village officer. The village officer will forward his copy to the KSHB. Then
the application should be sent to the Assistant Engineer in the block office.
The Assistant Engineer will Consolidate applications and prepare the
estimate. The Panchayat Executive Officer will execute work by utilising
its share received from the sales of lndira Vikas Patra. For this purpose
an Implementation Committee will be formed with the Mayor or Municipal
Chairman or Panchayat President as Chairman.
A maximum amount of Rs. 4000 as financial assistance will be given
for the renovation of houses to persons having a monthly income below
Rs. 10501- The beneficiaries are granted a loan assistance of Rs. 3000
and a Government subsidy of Rs. 1000. Kerala State Urban Development
Corporation is implementing this scheme through municipalities and
corporations. The total cost of the project is estimated to be Rs. 37.36
crores for the renovation of 90,000 houses in a year.
Under the special scheme formulated by the KSHB low income
group people can repair their houses at an estimated cost of Rs.20,000.
Loan assistance of Rs. 17000, will be granted. The balance amount has to
be made up by the beneficiaries as their own share. It is proposed to
include 20,000 houses under this scheme in a year with a total cost
amounting to Rs. 40 crores. Eligible persons can apply to the KSHB for
availing themselves of the benefit of the scheme.
5.6.1.11 . Sanitation lmprovement Scheme:
A large number of the families coming under the economically
weaker sections are at present living in the most unhygeinic condition
without hav~ng sanitary facilities attached to their houses. Sanitation
Improvement Scheme is formulated to eradicate such poor conditions.
Under this scheme it is proposed to provide sanitary latrine with bathroom
facility estimated to cost Rs.2500. The scheme envisages a central
Government subsidy of Rs.625 under the Nehru Rozgar Yojana Scheme
and Rs. 1,875 being the contribution from the voluntary agencies and the
local bodies from the proceeds of lndira Vikas Patra. The families
deserving to be the beneficiaries of this scheme should submit their
application to the local bodies.16
ROMHS is a comprehensive housing scheme which envisages to
bring all the Income groups under its purview. However, the emphasis will
be on prov~ding financial assistance to weaker sections of society with a
view to enabling them to become owners of their own houses.
- -
16 KSHB Brochure - ROMHS salient features pp. 1-16
All the other programmes intended for various income groups will
be implemented with the help of institutional finance and therefore no plan
provision 1s made for those programmes. It is estimated that all these
programmes in this massive housing scheme taken together will be able
to raise institutional finance of the order of Rs. 1000 crores during one
year l 7
The following table gives the progress and achievements of Rajiv
One Millton Housing Scheme from its inception till 3/96.
Table 5.6.9
Rajiv One Million Housing Scheme Progress achieved as on 3196
17 Kerala Draft Eighth Five yarplan 1992-97 and annual plan 1992-93 Volume I State Planning Board p. 151, Thiwvananthapuram.
Name of agency
I Thiruvananthapuram Development Authority
I Kottayam Development Authority
Greater Cochin Development Authority
I Kollam Development Authority
I Kozhikode Development Authority
I Palakkad Development Authority
I Alappuzha Development Authority
Kasargode Development Authority
Kannur Development Authority
Thrissur Development Authority
Kerala State Development Corporation SCIST
I SC Development Department
1 ST Development Department
I PWD (B 8 LW)
Rural Development Department
Matsyafed
Sain~k Welfare
K U D F C
Upgradation of the OLDHS Repair Sanitary facilities
CATEGORY : B
Police Housing Co-operative Society
Source : Government of Kerala, Report of the Task force on housing, 1999
From the table the researcher learns that among all the categories
of the beneficiaries of Rajiv One Million Housing Schemes, EWS stands
as the largest group of beneficiary. The total number of houses wnstructed
under this scheme is 4,11,325. Out of which, EWS alone wmes to 3,06,055.
This amount is 75% of the total number of houses wnstructed. Again the
Lower Income Category gets 17,279 houses constructed. So EWS and
LIG together constitute 3,23,334 houses. It again shows that 80% of the
274
total number of houses constructed, goes to the poorer sections of the
society in Kerala. ROMHS has given a spurt in the housing scenario in
the state and has enabled to reduce considerably the housing shortage of
the landless poor in both urban and rural areas.'%
5.7. ROLE OF VOLUNTARY AGENCIES:
The part being played by the Government and its agencies is
inadequate. Popular participation and the services of voluntary
organisations, Co-operative institutions, social, cultural and religious
organ~sations etc. are the inevitable factors for the successful
implementation of Rajiv One Million Housing Scheme and Maithri Housing
Scheme. A number of such organisations have already come forward and
promised financial help and co-operation to implement the schemes. Hence
i t is found necessary to clarify the role of voluntary agencies in this field.
The involvement of voluntary organisations is as follows:
To provide two or two and a half acres of land, free of cost at the
disposal of Kerala Sate Housing Board for the construction of housing
complexes
5.7.2. The scheme envisages loan assistance of Rs. 12,500 Government
subsidy of Rs. 1,500, beneficiary's share of Rs. 1000 for the construction
of a house costing Rs. 15,000. In Maithri housing scheme, the total cost of
the house is Rs. 30,0001- Rs. 19,0001- as loan Rs. 90001- as Government
subsidy, Rs.1000/- as the contribution of the voluntary agencies and
Rs. 10001- as beneficiary's own contribution. Voluntary organisations can
utilise thew service in various ways in this field.
- -
18 Govemment of Kerala. 9th Five Year Plan 1997-2002. Report of the Task Force on Housing,
5.7.2.1. k contributes Rs. 1,500 in those cases where beneficiaries are prepared
to remit their shares:
5.7.2.2. - contributes Rs. 2,500 including the beneficiary's share in those cases
where beneficiaries are incapable of remitting their shares;
5.7.3. - takes the repayment responsibility of loan assistance either fully or
partially. Monthly or yearly instalments conditioned by the financial
institutions can be remitted for the beneficiaries;
5.7.4. - takes over the construction work under the scheme:
5.7.5. - adopts housing complexes being constructed in panchayats and also
adopts any number of houses meant for the weaker sections;
5.7.6. Voluntary agencies and individuals are allowed to designate the adopted
housing complexes being established in panchayats in order to rehabilitate
the landless and the homeless poor.
5.7.7. Voluntary organisations can utilise their services in implementing the Home
upgradation scheme of one lakh houses along with local bodies by
contributing an amount of Rs. 40001-.
5.7.8. The voluntary organisations can adopt fully the upgradation work of one
lakh housrng colonies and houses of weaker sections.
5.7.9. Individuals also can take overthese activities
5.7.10. Individuals can contribute the beneficiary's share of Rs.1,875/- fully or
partically out of the total cost of Rs. 2,500 estimatedfor the execution of
sanitation improvement pr~gramme.'~
19 KSHB Rajiv One Million Housing Scheme Brochure Booklet pp. 20-23.
The tradition of a village community, the tendency to identify with
the people of a village on their own and to think of the common good of a
village has been strong in India. But this has been maned to a large extent
by economic inequality and social discrimination. When voluntary
organisations start working for social change and the upliftment of the poor
by enabling them to meet the basic necessities of life, the whole village
community will be strengthened and awakened. Houses for all will help
them to realise their dream of owning a house and to recognise self worth
and dignity as the members of the same village community. In the present
century the role of voluntary agencies are inevitable. The schemes are
divided by the Government, but it reaches the common man through the
voluntary agencies.20
5.8. NEW STRUCTURE FOR THE STATE HOUSING BOARDS:
The urban affairs ministry and HUDCO have initiated a joint exercise
to formulate a new structure for the State Housing Boards. The new structure
would enable them to operate like companies, without at the same time
sacrific~ng the various benefits they presently enjoyed as statutory state
agencles
The new initiative follows a conference of state housing secretaries,
and houslng commissioners held by the urban affairs Ministry and HUDCO.
The conference was organised to deliberate on the report of a
comprehensive study on restructuring of housing agencies commissioned
by the HUDCO through Times Research Foundation Calcutta, on behalf of
The participants from the states had conceded that the legislations
that were presently governing the Housing Boards have outlived their
purpose and agreed that the enactments which were formulated way back
In 1960s required to undergo a total reorientation or even rewritten a fresh,
particularly slnce the role of the Board was now more of a facilitator than a
prov~der
They also acknowledged that the present statutory format suffered
from several serious limitations such as lack of adequate powers to raise
resources and provisions to enable forging of partnership with private, Co-
operatlve and community sectors, besides a general lack of functional
autonomy
But at the same time, they felt, that the Corporatisation of the housing
boards, as suggested by the study may not provide a complete answer.
Though it would address these problems, the Company format, they felt
would deprive the housing boards of the various benefits they enjoyed now,
particularly in respect of powers for land acquisition, land assembly and
for enabllng recoveries and encroachment control.
The conference therefore concluded that there was a need to dovetail
the best of provisions of a company format, with those available under the
present state statutory format, so that the Housing Boards were able to
effectively address the emerging requirements of faster housing delivery
and Increased reliance on the market for mobilising financial resources.
7Bk1ng congnisance of the views of the conference, the Ministry and
HUDCO have decided to try and work out a hybrid format, and has entrusted
this exercise also to the Times Research Fo~ndation.~'
21 Shelter Vol 2 April 1999. "Dream Home ataffordable cost. p.13. Hindu daily 14.3.1999.
5.9. NEW TRENDS IN THE FUNCTIONING OF KSHB:
The Housing Board depends mainly on institutional finance for
implementing their housing programmes. At the same time the Board
requires seed capital to serve as a buffer finance to make good the shortfalls
in institutional finance raised by the Board for its various housing
programmes. This seed capital is provided in the form of public borrowing."
Loans from HUDCO is the major source of finance for KSHB. But
HUDGO loans are not available to all the housing schemes of the Board
because of certain rigid norms followed by them. For meeting such
requirements Housing Board has to get finance from other agencies."
Kerala State Housing Board is the major organisation implementing
a number of housing programmes which cater to the requirements of
various lncome groups. The two important schemes being implemented
by the Board during 1989-90 are the public Housing scheme and the Cash
Loan scheme. During 1989-90,172 buildings under public Housing scheme
and 78flats under Rental Housing Scheme were constructed by the Housing
Board. Under Low lncome Group Housing, Cash Loans of a maximum
amount of Rs. 20,000 are given to people whose monthly income is between
Rs 701 -1 500 at an interest rate of 9%. For Middle lncome Group housing,
the maximum loan amount is Rs. 60,000 at the rate of interest 12.5%. During
1989-90, 1609 loans under LIG and 287 loans under MIG schemes are
given. The Housing Board also received Rs. 2983 crores from HUDCO for
meeting the loan component of the various Housing schemes implemented
by the Board including Rehabilitation Housing scheme.z4
22 Draft Sixth five yearplan 1980-85 and annual plan 1981-82 Vol. I Kerala State Planning Board, Thi~vananthapurarn, p. 180.
23 Government of Kerala annual plan proposals. 1988-89, State Planning Board, Thiruvananthapurarn, p.209.
24 G o m m e M ofKerala, Eamnnic Review 1990, State Planning Board, Thiruvananthapurarn p. 129.
Durlng the year 1992-93, the Board had constructed 822 houses
under publ~c Housing scheme and extended loan assistance to 1986
houses under cash loan scheme. Out of this 997 loans and 129 loans
respectively were distributed to low Income Groups and Economically
weaker sections. Further 60 houses for Beedi workers and 19 houses for
handloom workers were constructed. Besides, 5693 houses were
constructed under Kairali Housing Scheme through the District Collectors.
The Board raised Rs.39.78 crores from various financial institutions for
the implementation of the housing schemes.25
As on 31.3.1994, the Housing Board has constructedlextended
assistance for the construction of about 2.85 lakh houses under various
schemes. During April to October 1994, the Board has extended
ass~stancelconstructed 13831 houseslflats. Public Housing Scheme and
cash loan scheme are the major ones implemented by the Housing Board.
During 1993-94, 188 houses and from April to October 1994,180 houses
were constructed under the Public Housing Scheme. During 1993-94, Cash
Loan was extended to 4628 persons, and out of which 2830 were for
econom~cally weaker sections and 937 were for low income groups.
Besides loan facilities were extended to 2997 persons from April to October
1994. Out of which 1907 loans for economically weaker sections and 660
loans were for low income groups. Under the scheme Housing Complexes
in Panchayats assistance was extended for the construction of 996 houses
durlng 1993-94 and for 726 houses from April to October 1994. Further
8879 houses were also constructed under Kairali Housing Scheme during
this period. Construction of houses for the flood victims are in progress
and it is expected to complete 1293 units by 3196.
Dur~ng the period 1990-91 to 1993-94, the KSHB has raised about
Rs. 184 crores. The Kerala State Co-operative Federation raised more
25 G o m n t o f K B l i l l a , EwmmicRevRw, 1993. StatePlanning Board, Thi~vanaIIthapltZJm, p. 132.
than Rs 177 crores till March 1994 from the very inception of the Federation.
Dur~ng 1993-94, the Kerala State Housing Board and Kerala State Co-
operatwe Housing Federation together have raised more than Rs. 56
crores tor housing activities in the State.z6
As on 31.3.1995, the Board has constructedlassisted more than 3
lakh houses. During the period April 1995 to December 1995,6996 house
projects have been supported.z7
1-he Kerala State Housing Board implemented 28 schemes and
assisted the construction of 3.14 lakh houses upto 31.3.1996. During April
1996 to December 1996, 19098 houses were constructed through its
various schemes. During 1995-96 the Board received Rs. 74.23 crores
as loan from HUDCO for implementing the housing
The following table shows the loan disbursement of KSHB from 1995
to 2000 The data are expressed based on the income category.
Table 5.9.1.
Disbursement of loan by KSHB based on Income Rs. in lakhs
Source: Hous~ng Board, Head Office, Santhi Nagar, Thiruvananthapuram
26 Government of Kerala, Economic Review, 1994. State Planning Board, Thi~vananthapuram, p. 186.
1995-1 996
27 Economic Review, 1995, State Planning Board, Thiruvananthapuram, p. 156. 28. Kerala Economic Review, 1996. State Planning Board, Thiruvananthapuram, p. 145
1996-1 997
6637.16
967.08
2168.04
1343.72
EWS
LIG
i MIG I 1 HIG
-
1342.40
678.28
1229.90
649.80
1997-1 998
9662.08
1119.37
3481.52
1851.08
1998-1 999
11 920.85
1400.22
4675.51
1142.80
1999-2000
14679.55
951.30
2865.33
390.90
Figure 5.9.1
Disbursement of loan by KSHB based on Income category
LlG 1
S~nce the data for year 1999-2000 are not complete, the
comparison is made only with other years. There is a cumulative increase
in the disbursement of loan over the yearsfrom 1995 to 1999. EWS loans
disbursed are raised from Rs. 1342.40 lakhs in 1995-96 to RS. 14679
lakhs in 1999 March. The loan amount for LIG is lower comparatively with
the year 1999-2000. MIG loan has increased from Rs. 1229.90 lakhs in
1995-96 to Rs. 4675.51 lakhs in 1998-99. HIG loan amount disbursed was
Rs. 649.80 lakhs in 1995-96 was raised to Rs. 1142.80 lakhs in 1998-99.
As there is increase in housing demand in the state, disbursement of
housing loan from KSHB also increased simultaneously. This shows the
awareness and need for solving the housing problem in the state and also
their awareness of the grave responsibility vested on these financial
institut~ons and act accordingly.
5.10. ACTIVITIES AND ACHIEVEMENTS OF KSHB FROM 1996-2000:
Considering the achievements of Kerala State Housing Board
especially in the housing activities for the economically weaker sections,
formulation of innovative schemes, financial discipline, profitability and
overall performance, the KSHB was thrice honoured for the award for
excellence by HUDCO during 1992-93,94-95 and 95-96.
The activities of KSHB and its over all performance in the financing
of hous~ng IS given in split up form as on 30.11.1 999.
5.10 ACTIVITIES OF KSHB - 1996-2000 MINISTRY
List of Schemes Completed during 1 Kattappana Site - I lrumpanam Medical College - Phase - I1 Chalakudy Stage - II Palai - HAS - site - I Thodupuzha - HS - Site - I Koovappadi - HAS Kuruva HAS Elamkulam East HAS
Table 5.10.1 Layout Housing Scheme
Name of Scheme I PWB I FLAT 1 PLOT [TOTAL
List of Schemes Completed during 1996 - 9'7
Total
List of Schemes Completed during Medical College HS - Stage -I Ph.lll Vadakara HAS Chevayur HAS Mulamkunnathukavu II (Part - I) Nettayam HAS Guruvayoor HAS Akathethara HAS 46 -
Total 235 12
Kozhencherry (Extn) Elamkulam East (Nevy - 1) Chirackal Thiruvalla Stage - I1 (Kattilpurayidam) Velloor Total
List of Schemes Comp!eted during 1 Chirackal flats Thodupuzha Site I1
Total 15 16
- 60
- - -
60
8 -
19
- 27
Source : Hous~ng Board head office, Santhinagar, 2000
- -
68 33
101
Total un~ts completed
8 60 19 68 33
188
469 118 128 715
Total I I
7264.72 1 229 1 520 1 3 1 752
Source KSHB head office, Thiruvananthapuram
Table 5.10.2
Layout of Schemes in progress
Table 5.10.3 Proposed Public Housing Schemes
Name of Scheme
THIRUVANANTHAPURAM DIST. Pattoor (SO NRI) Balaramapuram PATHANAMTHITTA DIST. Pathanamthitta HAS KOTTAYAM DIST. Kanjirappally HAS ERNAKULAM DIST.
Thrikkakara HAS (40 NRI) P e ~ m b a v o o r HAS THRISSUR DIST. Mulamkunnathukavu Stage I1 Pullazhy HAS Stage II PALAKKAD DIST. Ottappalam HAS WYANAD DIST. Meenangadi
Ambalanagar Extn. Jagath (NRI) PATHANAMTHITTA DIST. Cherukole Ranni ALAPPUZHA DIST. S.D. Pharmacy Cherthala Site I - Stage II Cherthala Site I - Stage I1 Valavanad
Source KSHB H e a d Office, Sanfhi Nagar; Activities o f KSHB 1999-2000
5 10.4 Rental Housing Scheme:
Table 5.10.4.1
List of completed schemes
Name of Scheme
IDUKKI DIST. Katlappana - site ll Peerurnedu HS Vazhathoppe HS ERNAKULAM DIST. Kaloor Njarackal Choondi Kumaranasan nagar CRC THRISSUR DIST. Chalakudi Asokanagar Ayyanthole Pullut HS PALAKKAD DIST. Puthussery HS KOZHIKODE DlST Medical College Stage II Medical College HS - Stage Ill Chevarambalam CRC East Hill CRC MALAPPURAM DIST Manjen WYNAD DlST Sulthanbatheri CRC Mananthavady
during 1997-98) Total I 42 (FLATS)
Source KSHB Head Office, Sanfhi Nagar; Thiruvananfhaputam.
I Name of Scheme I Total Units
Table 5.10.4.2
PWB
35
12
96
Perumbavoor
List of schemes in progress Rs. in labs Name of Scheme I Total Units I project cos t I
PLOT
- -
FLAT
24 51 30 50
16 6
96
7
42 (Comdeted
I Palakkad RHS 1 78 flats 1 294.38 1
Pro. - . bU31
433.2:
239.67
333.4e
49.22
794.4
Source . Activities o f KSHB 1999-2000
Table 5.10.4.3
List of Schemes to be implemented
Name of Scheme I Total Units I Project Cost
5.10.5 Working Journalist Housing Scheme:
RHS Kuttanalloor RHS Kasargode RHS Poojappura
Total
5.10.5 1 L ~ s t of completed Schemes
NCC Road, Tvm - 54 flats (Completed during 1999-2000)
Source Actrvities of KSHB 1999-2000
78 60
160
298
5.10.6 Housing Scheme for Non-Resident Indians:
436.38 222.73 272.79
931.9
Table 5.10.6.1 Scheme completed exclusively for NRI
50
Source : Activities of KSHB 1999-2000
r Name of Scheme
Mulamkunnathukavu
Table 5.10.6.2
No. of Units
(PWB - Completed during 1998-99)
NRI Schemes in progress
Pattoor Thnkkakara T D Road Total
50 (Flats) 40 (Flats)
12 (Flats) 104 Units
Source Activities of KSHB 1999-20m
5.10.7. Housing Complexes (ROMHS):
Table 5.10.7.1
Details of completed units of ROMHS
Source Act~vrtres of KSHB 1999-2000
Name of Scheme (Panchayath)
ALAPPUZHA DlSTRlCT Chett~kulangara
PATHANAMTHITTA DISTRICT Palltckal
KOTTAYAM DISTRICT Moon~lavu
Neendoor
Kozhuvanal THRISSUR DISTRICT Panacherry
Kondazhy
Puthukad
PALAKKAD DISTRICT Nalleppullll
Muthalamada
Malarcode Keralassery
KOZHIKODE DlSTRlCT Puthuppad~ Vanlmel
KANNUR DISTRICT Naduvll
KASARGODE DlSTRlCT Kodembelur
Total
-
Units completed
20
31
20 5
10
2 15 13
5 5
20 20
12 16
1
10
205 Units
288
Table 5.10.7.2
Details of completed units during 1997-98
PATHANAMTHITTA DISTRICT Pallickal WAYANAD DISTRICT Thariyod KOZHIKODE DISTRICT Peruvayal
Source Act~vities of KSHB 1999-2000
Total
No, of units completed during 1998-1999 Nil No. of units completed during 1999-2000 Nil
~p ~p - ~
45
Table 5.10.7.3
Details of Housing Complexes in Progress
TRIVANDRUM DISTRICT Navalkkulam PATHANAMTHITTA DISTRICT Pallickal ERNAKULAM DISTRICT Mudakkuzha THRISSUR DISTRICT Puthukkad PALAKKAD DISTRICT Lakkid~perur Karimba Muthalamada KOZHIKODE DISTRICT Thiruvampady Thariyode Peruvayal WAYNAD DISTRICT Meppadi KANNUR DISTRICT Mangattidom
Total
Source - Activities of KSHB 1999-2000
5.10.8. Office cum Commercial Complexes
5.10.8.1. List of completed Commercial Complexes: Thiruvampady, Alappuzha (Completed during 1996-97)
5.10.8.2 Commercial Complexes in progress: Balaramapurarn, Thiruvananthapuram ~ a t t a ~ ~ a n a Thrikkakara
Revenue Institute, PTP Nagar, Thiruvananthapuram (Completed during 1 999-2000)M
The National Housing and Habitat policy 1998, callsfor launching a
Hous~ng Revolution against all impedimentswhich have hindered the growth
of hous~ng stock and to achieve the universal target of Housing for all and
to ensure sustainable development of Housing and Habitat. The policy
through the National Agenda, declares Housing for all as a priority area
and dec~des to focus on the housing needs of citizens in general and that
of the poor and the deprived in particular. This New policy was evolved by
the Government of lndia in August 1994.
Houslng activity has been accepted as an engine for the substantial
generation of employment and revival of Indian economy. It is accepted
that the only way lndia can come out of Industrial recession is to give impetus
to housing activity on a massive scale to be spread over the entire length
and breadth of the country. To achieve this housing policy aims at removing
all legal and administrative impediments which stand in the way.
It re-ernphasises the role of Government as afacilitator. It aims at
creating and enabling environment in which private sector can operate more
effectively and efficiently. It seeks to persuade the private sector through
flscal concessions and other incentives to take up larger responsibility in
the housing sector. However direct involvement of the Government would
cont~nue for the benefit of poor and deprived in order provide shelter for
them 3'
~- ~ ~
30 Activities of KSHB - 1999 - 2000, Monitoring cell KSHB main office Santhi Nagar, Trivandrum 31 Shelter Vol. I No.2, April 1999. "NationalHousingand Habitat Policy, 1998 -Step in the right
direction J.K. Gupta Senior Town Planners, Panjab Urban Planning and Development Authority, SAS Nagar, p. 22-23.