Atoms in a carbohydrate: C, H, and O Carbohydrate.

Atoms in a carbohydrate:

C, H, and O

Carbohydrate

Function 1 of a carbohydrate:

Main source of energy

Function 2 of a carbohydrate:

Give structure to plants (stems, wood, etc.)

Monomer of a carbohydrate:

Monosaccharide

+

Example of a monosaccharide:

Glucose

Polymer of a carbohydrate:

Polysaccharide

+

Atoms in a lipid:

Mostly C and H

Function 1 of a lipid:

Store energy (ex: hibernating bear)

Function 2 of a lipid:

Cell membrane

Function 3 of a lipid:

Waterproof covering (ex: waxy leaves)

Atoms in a nucleic acid:

C, H, O, N and P

Function 1 of a nucleic acid:

Store and transmit genetic information to offspring

Monomer of a nucleic acid:

Nucleotide

Polymer of a nucleic acid:

Nucleic acid

Atoms in a protein:

C, H, O, and N

Function 1 of a protein:

Form bone and muscle

Function 2 of a protein:

Speed up chemical reactions (ex: breakdown of starch into glucose)

enzyme Chemical reaction

(breakdown of starch)

Starch polymer Glucose monomers

Function 3 of a protein:

Fight disease

Monomer of a protein:

Amino Acid

Polymer of a protein:

Protein

What does cellulose do?

Gives structure to plants.

Bonds change. Old bonds break, new bonds form.

Describe what happens to bonds during chemical reactions.

C

C C O

OC

C C

different can combine in different ways.

How is it possible to make so many different enzymes?

Explain why starch does not spontaneously break down into glucose.

Starch

Glucose

The is too high.

Match each reaction to its graph.1. Burning glucose2. Breaking down starch

Burning glucoseBreaking down starch

Graph 2Graph 1Absorbs

A

BA

B

Releases

Classify each reaction as having either high activation energy or low activation energy.

Burning glucoseBreaking down starch

Low Activation Energy

High Activation Energy

Classify each reaction as either spontaneous or non-spontaneous.

Burning glucoseBreaking down starch

Low Activation Energy

High Activation Energy

SpontaneousNon-spontaneous

Spontaneous = easy to start

What is an organic compound?

A. A molecule made from different types of atomsB. A molecule made only from carbon atomsC. A molecule made from carbon atoms and other

atomsD. A molecule that only exists in living things

Why is carbon an unusual atom?

I. It can bond with many other atoms II. It can bond with other carbon atoms III. It only exists in living things

A. I onlyB. II onlyC. I and II onlyD. I, II, and III

YESYES

NO!

Why is carbon useful ?

A. It is organicB. It can bond with other carbon atomsC. It can be used to

build many different organic moleculesD. It can bond with many other atoms

In the process of polymerization,

A. Polymers are broken down into monomersB. Monomers join together to form polymersC. Atoms join together to form molecules D. None of the above.

POLYMERIZATION = MAKING POLYMERS

Which of the following molecules is a nucleic acid/protein?

Nucleic acid: C, H, O, N, P

Protein: C, H, O, N

Which two organic compounds are used to store energy?A. protein and lipidB. glucose and starchC. starch and lipidD. DNA and RNA

Plants (such as potatoes) store extra glucose as starch

Function 1 of a lipid: store energy (ex: hibernating bear)

Which of the following is a polysaccharide?

A. starchB. glucoseC. celluloseD. A and C are both polysacchrides

Poly = many

+

YESNO

YES

How is cellulose used by plants?

A. To store energyB. To store and transmit genetic informationC. To provide structureD. To form a waterproof covering

How is starch used by plants?

A. To store energyB. To store and transmit genetic informationC. To provide structureD. To form a waterproof covering

Plants (such as potatoes) store extra glucose as starch

Which statement is true?

A. Simple sugars are made of polysaccharides.B. Glycerol is made of fatty acids.C. DNA molecules are made of nucleotides.D. Amino acids are made of proteins.

Poly = manyNO

?

NO (reversed)

Nucleotide

Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins?

A. store and transmit genetic informationB. help to fight diseaseC. control the rate of reactionsD. Form bones and muscles NO

NONO

Many nucleotides make up a nucleic acid. Many amino acids make up a protein. Which is the monomer?

A. celluloseB. proteinC. amino acidD. nucleic acid

POLYMERPOLYMER

POLYMER

Which of the following is NOT a function of a lipid?A. forming waterproof coveringsB. storing energyC. giving structure to plantsD. forming cell membranes

NONO

NO

How is it possible to make so many different enzymes?

A. Many different enzymes must be made to catalyze different reactions.

B. Many different enzymes can be made by combining 20 different nucleic acids.C. Many different enzymes can be made by combining 20 different amino acids.D. Many different proteins must be made to form different bones and muscles.

Protein

What happens to chemical bonds during chemical reactions?

A. They break and release energy.B. The form and absorb energy.C. They either break or form, depending on the reaction.D. They are either absorbed or released.

BONDS BREAK BONDS FORM

Burning glucose in our bodies (combining glucose with oxygen) is an example of a(n):

A. non-spontaneous reaction.B. reaction with high activation energy.C. energy-absorbing reaction.D. energy-releasing reaction.

O

O

Energy

Which reaction is shown by the graph below?

A. Burning glucoseB. Glow stickC. Cold packD. None of the above

ENERGY ABSORBED DURING REACTION

NO (energy released)NO (energy released)

Which of the following statements is true about the graphs below?

A. Reaction 1 is spontaneous, while reaction 2 is non- spontaneous.B. Reaction 1 is energy-releasing, while reaction 2 is energy-absorbing.C. Reaction 1 is spontaneous, while reaction 2 will not occur without the help of an enzyme.D. Reaction 1 represents the cold pack, while reaction 2 represents the glow stick.

Reaction 1 Reaction 2

NO

NO

NO

Why doesn’t starch spontaneously break down into glucose monomers?

A. The reaction will not occur without an enzyme.B. The reaction is too slow to occur spontaneously.C. The reaction requires an input of activation energy.D. The activation energy of the reaction is too high.

Starch

Glucose

How do enzymes make the starch-breakdown reaction possible?

A. By providing activation energy.B. By increasing the temperature of the reaction to 98.6 degrees.C. By lowering the activation energy of the reaction.D. By breaking down polymers into monomers.

NO!

Starch

Glucose

At high temperatures, the rate of enzyme action decreases because the increased heat

A. changes the pH of the systemB. increases the concentration of the enzymeC. neutralizes the acids and bases in the systemD. alters the shape of the enzyme

Protein

High temperature

Enzyme can no longer fit with

substrate

Enzymes influence chemical reactions in living things by

A. providing the substrate required for the reaction to occur.B. providing the activation energy required for the reaction to occur.C. absorbing water released when polymers are formed.D. affecting the rate at which reactions occur.

?

?

Rate = speed

The "lock and key hypothesis" attempts to explain

A. enzyme specificity B. how enzymes are able to “unlock” any chemical reaction C. how bonds form between certain atoms to form compoundsD. how monomers fit together perfectly to form polymers

?

Any molecule that is acted upon by an enzyme is called a(n)

A. substrateB. chemical reactionC. starch moleculeD. substance

Which group of organic compounds includes enzymes?

A. carbohydratesB. nucleic acidsC. proteinsD. lipids