Atoms Atoms are the smallest units of an element that have the properties of that element. Elements Elements are substances that cannot be broken down into simpler substances. They are the simplest substances simplest substances. Every substance in the universe is a combination of one or more elements. Elements Elements
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Atoms Atoms are the smallest units of an element that have the properties of that element. Elements simplest substances Elements are substances that cannot.
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AtomsAtoms are the smallest units of an element that have the properties of that element.
ElementsElements are substances that cannot be broken down into simpler substances. They are the simplest substancessimplest substances.
Every substance in the universe is a combination of one or more elements.
ElementsElements
92 elements occur naturally on Earth; 23 have been created by scientists in laboratories.
•The elements and their symbols are shown on the PERIODIC TABLEPERIODIC TABLE
Actinide SeriesActinide SeriesLanthanide SeriesLanthanide Series
Both are silver, silvery-white, or gray metals. The metals have a high luster, but tarnish readily in air. The metals have high electrical conductivityhigh electrical conductivity. Many fluoresce under UV lightfluoresce under UV light.
LanthanidesLanthanides are relatively soft, have high melting and boiling points, burn in air, and are very reactive. Most are widely used in laserslasers.
ActinidesActinides are very dense radioactive metalsvery dense radioactive metals, which combine directly with most nonmetals.
Lanthanides & ActinidesLanthanides & Actinides
We are all carbon-based
life forms; carboncarbon is found in every living thing on Earth.
78% of the Earth’s
atmosphere is NitrogenNitrogen..
OxygenOxygen makes up 21% of Earth’s atmosphere, 47% of the Earth’s crust, and is found in 100% of all living things on Earth.
Really Important ElementsReally Important Elements
Dmitri MendeleevDmitri Mendeleev (1834 - 1907) organized the 63 (1834 - 1907) organized the 63 elements that were known at that time (1869) elements that were known at that time (1869) into the Periodic Table. He predicted the into the Periodic Table. He predicted the existence of 3 elements that had not yet been existence of 3 elements that had not yet been discovered, based on the gaps in his periodic discovered, based on the gaps in his periodic table. The 3 elements were discovered later table. The 3 elements were discovered later (scandium, gallium, germanium).(scandium, gallium, germanium).
Early versions Early versions of Mendeleev’s of Mendeleev’s
tabletable
Glenn Glenn SeaborgSeaborg(1912-(1912-1999)1999)
• Discovered 8 Discovered 8 new elementsnew elements
• Only living Only living person for person for whom an whom an element was element was named (named (Sg, Sg, seaborgiumseaborgium, , element 106)element 106)
RutherfordRutherford
BohrBohr
MeitnerMeitner
RoentgenRoentgen
CurieCurie
EinsteinEinstein
FermiFermi
MendeleevMendeleev
Other scientists who have had elements named after them…