Atoms

Atoms

What is matter

•Anything that takes up space and has mass.

Vocabulary-• Substance- matter with a composition that is

always the same• Mixture-matter where the composition can vary• Vary- to change or be able to change• Composition-the way things are put together• Element- a substance that is made of all of the

same type of atoms• Compound- a substance made of all the same

type of molecules.• Homogeneous- made of the same• Heterogeneous- not made of the same

Matter

substance mixtur

e

Composition is always the SAME

Composition can VARY

SALTTRAIL MIX

Substances Matter with a composition that is always the same.

SUBSTANCESs=same•A scoop of any substance will always have

the same stuff (type and quantity of atoms)

• Salt ( Na+CL)= 1 molecule of salt

• Sugar(C6+H12+O6)= 1 molecule of sugar

• Gold (Au)= many single atoms of gold = a chunk of gold

•These are ALL types of substances because they are made from the same types or groups of atoms.

Substances •Elements- a substance made from

millions of the same atoms.Or

•Compounds- substances made from the same molecules

always the same-don’t change▫ Sugar is a substance b/c it is made of the same stuff ---

always▫ Salt is a substance b/c it is made of the same stuff----

always

Draw a model of what you think an element and a compound might look like

Salt is a substance that is made of 2 types of atoms. Is it a compound or element?

b/c it is always made from the same atoms of gold (Au)•Why is gold considered a substance?•Is it an element or compound?

Sugar is a substance that is made of 3 types of atoms. C6H12O6. Is it an element or compound?

Water is a substance made of 2 types of atoms H2OIs it an element or compound?

Neon is substance that glows in a vacuum. It is made only of atoms of neon. Is it an element or compound?

Matter review

•Matter can be:▫Mixture ▫Substance

Element- same atoms Compound-same molecules

matter

substance

mixture

elements

compounds

Made from the same molecules

All the same type of atoms

What are two ways matter is classified?

Substances and mixturesWhat two ways are substances classified?

elements or compoundsWhat is the difference between an element

and a compound?element is all of the same atomscompound all of the same molecules

What’s the difference between a molecule and an atom?•Atom- the smallest particle that an

element can be broken down into. It is only made of one type of element(the periodic table)

•Molecule- is made of 2 or more different types of atoms. (water, salt, sugar)

build a molecule

Smallest to largest

•atoms – make elements•2 or more elements make molecules•Molecules and elements make substances•Substances make matter= cookies

Largest to smallest

•Cake▫Made of different substances (sugar, salt,

water)▫These substances are made from molecules

=H2O, C6H12O6, NaCl▫These molecules are made from elements

Hydrogen, oxygen, carbon, Sodium, chloride▫The elements are made from atoms

IMPORTANT NOTE

•Elements usually have different chemical properties then when combined in a molecule.

•What is a chemical property?

•So Oxygen behaves differently alone then when paired with hydrogen .

•Alone oxygen and hydrogen are very explosive.

•Together they are water.

What are the two types of classification of matter?•Substances and mixtures

Thinking back what are the 2 types of properties that scientists use to describe matter?▫Physical and chemical properties

What are the two ways that scientist classify changes in matter?▫Chemical and physical changes

Review

jeopardy

What is the difference between a mixture and a substance?•A substance is always made from the

same atoms or molecules•A mixtures make up can vary.•check this out

Mixtures

•Heterogeneousthe substances are not evenly mixed. 2 samples of trail mix would give you different amounts of things

•Homogeneous-▫The substance IS evenly mixed (the same

throughout)▫Substances are so small and evenly mixed you

cannot see the different parts even under most microscopes. Air is homogeneous, soda is homogeneous,

Pg 229 homework

•Create a venn diagram to compare and contrast

•Compounds and mixtures.

Read pg 228-229

•Create your own definition of a mixture.•Explain in your own words the two

different types of mixtures.

More definitions

•Solution- a homogeneous mixture made of two parts- a solvent and one or more solutes

•Solvent- a substances that is present in the largest amount

•Solute-dissolves or breaks apart and mixes evenly in the solvent

Pg. 228 in text

•Explain why even though a solution is a mixture, it is different from some mixtures?

Solutions look like pure substances, you can’t see the different parts (sometimes not even under a microscope)Other mixtures you can easily see the different parts.

Pg 229

•Look at the graphics at the bottom, read the captions and paraphrase the difference between solutions and compounds.

AtomsWhat are they made from?

bill Nye

vocabulary• Protons-positively charged particles in the nucleus• Neutron- neutrally charged particles in the nucleus• Electrons- negatively charged particles that float

around the nucleus.• Nucleus- center of the atom. Most of the atoms mass is

in this space.• Isotopes- one of two or more atoms of an element

having the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons.

• Ions- an atom that has a charge because it as gained or lost an electron

• Atomic number- the number of protons•Atomic mass- mass of the atom =neutrons + protons

Atoms can be broke down into smaller parts; subatomic particles•Electrons•Neutron •Protons•Nucleus

Electrons- negatively charged -•Fly around the nucleus. •Electrons that are close to the nucleus are

strongly attracted to the nucleus and have less energy.

•Electrons that are farther away from the nucleus have more energy.

•Electrons move so fast that scientists can not pinpoint their location at any specific time.

Protons- positively charged +•Located in the nucleus•# of protons = atomic number•Stable atoms have the same amount of

protons and neutrons.

Neutrons- no charge

•Located in the nucleus•No electrical charge- neutral•Extra neutrons create isotopes

Brain pop

•brainpop

Label the diagram

hmm…

•What are the two particles in the nucleus of an atom?

•What are the charges of those particles?•What are the particles in the area

surrounding the atom called?•What is the charge of that particle?•What is the electron cloud?

Atomic number

•The atomic number is the amount of protons in the nucleus of an atom.

•Look at the periodic table at the back of the book:▫What is the atomic number for:▫ oxygen O? how many protons does it have?▫Magnesium Mg ? How many protons does

it have?▫Gold Au? How many protons does it have?

What kind of pattern do you notice about the periodic table with respect to the atomic numbers of the elements?

Some atoms of the same element can be slightly different.•Isotopes- different number of NEUTRONS

Some atoms of the same element can be different in a second way.

•Ions-uneven number of electrons and protons.▫Usually happens during a chemical

reaction where an atom looses or gains an electron.

Atoms

•Ions- different # of electrons•Isotopes- same type of element but

different # of neutrons

We have learned different ways to classify matter.

•Physical /chemical properties•Physical /chemical changes•Substances /mixtures

Create a graphic organizer for each of these :t-chart, venn diagram, flow chart… etc.