Atoll 3.1.0 LTE Light

ATOLL LTE FEATURES

Training Programme

1. LTE Planning Overview

2. Modelling a LTE Network

3. LTE Predictions

4. Frequency and PCI Plan Analysis

5. Monte-Carlo Based Simulations

© Forsk 2011 Slide 2 of 82Confidential – Do not share without prior permission


LTE Features Supported in Atoll

LTE Workflow in Atoll


LTE Features supported in Atoll

Supports Evolved UTRA (3GPP Release 8 LTE) NetworksVarious Frequency Bands

Scalable Channel Bandwidths

Resource Blocks per Channel and Sampling Frequencies

Support of TDD and FDD Frame Structures

Half-frame/Full-frame Switching Point Periodicities for TDD

Normal and Extended Cyclic Prefixes

Downlink and Uplink Control Channels and Overheads• Downlink and uplink reference signals, PSS, SSS, PBCH, PDCCH, PUCCH, etc.

RSRP, RSSI and RSRQ Support in predictions and Simulations



Supports Evolved UTRA (3GPP Release 8 LTE) NetworksPhysical Cell IDs Implementation

Inter-Cell Interference Coordination Support• Fractional Frequency Reuse Modelling

Support of Fractional Power Control (UL)

Support of Directional CPE Antennas

Signal Level Based Coverage Planning

CINR Based Coverage Planning

Possibility of Fixed Subscriber Database for Fixed Applications


Specific Module


Supports Evolved UTRA (3GPP Release 8 LTE) NetworksNetwork Capacity Analysis using Monte Carlo Simulations

Scheduling and Resource Allocation in Two-dimensional Frames

Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) Systems• Transmit and Receive Diversity• Single-User MIMO or spatial multiplexing • Adaptive MIMO Switch (AMS)• Modelling of Multi-User MIMO (collaborative MIMO – UL only)

Tools for Resource Allocation• Automatic Allocation of Neighbours• Automatic Allocation of Physical Cell IDs• Automatic Allocation of Frequencies (AFP)

Network Verification Possible using Drive Test Data


Slide 7 of 82

LTE Workflow in Atoll

© Forsk 2011 Confidential – Do not share without prior permission

Open an existing project or create a new one

Prediction Study Reports

Traffic Maps

Network Configuration- Add network elements- Change parameters

User-defined Values

Automatic or Manual Neighbour Allocation

Basic Predictions(Best Server, Signal Level)

Monte-Carlo Simulations

Signal Quality and Throughput Predictions

Cell Load ConditionsSubscriber Lists

And/or

Frequency Plan Analysis

Automatic or Manual Frequency Planning

Automatic or Manual Physical Cell ID Planning

ACP

Training Programme



3. LTE Predictions





Global Settings

Frequency Band definition

Frame Structure Settings

Radio Parameters

Site

Transmitters

Cells

Equipment Parameters

User-definable reception characteristics

© Forsk 2011 Confidential – Do not share without prior permission Slide 9 of 82

Global Settings (1/2)

Frequency BandsAtoll can model multi-band networks within the same document

TDD (Time Division Duplexing) or FDD (Frequency Division Duplexing)

One frequency band assigned to each cell


LTE Frame Structure definition

System-level constants (Hard-coded)• Width of a resource block (180 kHz)• Frame duration (10 ms)

Other control channel overheads defined by 3GPP (calculated based on 3GPP specs)• Reference signals, PSS, SSS, PBCH, etc.

Global Settings (2/2)


TDD option only : Switch from DL to UL

every half frame (default) or every

frame

Number of SD for PDCCH (0,1,2 or 3) carrying DL and UL Resource allocation

information

Normal (default) or extended cyclic prefix (No. of SD per slot) e.g.: at 15 kHz, 7 SD/slot

(normal) or 6 SD/slot (extended)

Average number of resource blocks for

PUCCH

Radio Parameters Overview

SiteX (longitude) and Y (latitude)

TransmittersActivityAntenna configuration (model, height, azimuth, mechanical & electrical tilts...) UL & DL Losses / UL Noise FigurePropagation (Model, Radius and resolution)

CellsFrequency Band & ChannelPCIPower definitionMin RSRPUL & DL LoadDiversity SupportNeighbours


Presented in General Features

Transmitter Parameters


Propagation settings Antenna Configuration and Lossesparameters

Cells parameters(see next slide)

Antenna Configuration

DL and UL total losses,

UL noise figure

Cell Parameters

Inputs of the neighbour allocation algorithm

Neighbour list

Cell activity

Power and energy offsets from computed

reference signal

Cell’s frequency band

Channel number in the frequency band (and

allocation status)

DL traffic load

Physical Cell ID + resulting PSS/SSS (and allocation status)

MIMO Configuration

Min RSRP used as cell coverage limit

UL noise rise due to surrounding mobiles


ICIC and Fractional Power Control Parameters

(Advanced)

Load Conditions

Equipment Parameters (1/2)

Bearers (Modulation and Coding Schemes) definitionUser-definable bearer efficiencies(useful bits per resource element)

Bearer selection thresholds for link adaptationQuality indicator graphs

BLER used to model the effect of errors in data reception


Equipment Parameters (2/2)

Multiple Input Multiple Output SystemsDiversity and SU-MIMO gains

• Definable per bearer and antenna configuration• Depend on the clutter class where users are located

MU-MIMO gain• Definable per cell or• Calculated during Monte Carlo simulations using intelligent multi-user scheduling on two antenna ports

(Layered Space-time Scheduling)


Training Programme



3. LTE Predictions




3. LTE Predictions

Introduction

Parameters used in Predictions

Prediction Settings

Fast Link Adaptation Modelling

Coverage Prediction Examples

Point Analysis Studies


Introduction

Coverage PredictionsGeneral Studies based on Downlink Reference Signal Levels

• Best server plot based on downlink reference signal levels• Multiple server coverage based on downlink reference signal levels• Reference signal level plots• Reference signal CNR plots• RSRP (Average Reference Signal Level Received Power per Subcarrier) plots

LTE UL and DL Specific Studies• SS, PDSCH, PBCH, PDCCH and PUSCH/PUCCH Signal Level Plots• SS, PDSCH, PBCH, PDCCH and PUSCH/PUCCH CNR Plots• Quality Studies (RSSI – Received Signal Strength Indicator, RSRQ – Reference Signal Received Quality,

Reference Signal, SS, PDSCH, PBCH, PDCCH and PUSCH/PUCCH CINR and interference plots, UL Allocated Bandwidth, UL Transmission Power)

• Best Bearer and Modulation Plots based on PDSCH and PUSCH CINR Levels• Throughput and Cell Capacity per pixel plots based on PDSCH and PUSCH CINR levels

• Peak RLC, Effective RLC, and Application Channel Throughputs• Peak RLC, Effective RLC, and Application Throughputs averaged per User• Peak RLC, Effective RLC, and Application Cell Capacities• Peak RLC, Effective RLC, and Application Aggregate Cell Throughputs• Peak RLC, Effective RLC, and Application Allocated Bandwidth Throughputs (UL)

Point Predictions© Forsk 2011 Slide 19 of 82Confidential – Do not share without prior permission

Introduction

Principles of the studies based on traffic

Study calculated for

• Given load conditions• UL noise rise• DL traffic load

• A non-interfering user with• A service• A mobility• A terminal type (in case of a directive antenna , it is oriented towards the serving cell)


Load Conditions

Load conditions are defined in the cells table

Values taken into consideration in predictions for each cell


Service Properties

Parameters used in predictionsHighest bearers in UL and DLBody lossApplication throughput parameters


Mobility Properties

Parameters used in PredictionsMapping between mobilities and thresholds in bearer and quality indicator determination (as radio conditions depend on user speed).


Terminal Properties

Parameters used in PredictionsMinimum & Maximum terminal powerGain and lossesNoise figureAntenna settings (incl. MIMO support)

Number of Antenna ports in UL and DL in case of MIMO

support


Support of MIMO

Min & Max Power +

Noise Figure + Losses

Prediction Settings

Coverage Prediction Plots

Standard predictions• Best server plot

• Coverage by signal level

• Multiple server coverage

Reference signal, SS, PDSCH, PBCH, PDCCH and PUSCH/PUCCH signal level and quality predictions

• Selection of a mobility, a service, a terminal (possibly directional antenna oriented towards the serving cell)

• Reference signal, SS, PDSCH, PBCH, PDCCH and PUSCH CNR plots

• RSRP (Average Reference Signal Level Received Power per Subcarrier) plots


Prediction Settings

Coverage Prediction Plots

CINR, Throughput and Quality Indicator predictions• Based on user-defined cell loads or on Monte-Carlo simulation results

• Selection of a mobility, a service, a terminal (possibly directional antenna oriented towards the serving cell)

• RSSI – Received Signal Strength Indicator and RSRQ – Reference Signal Received Quality

• Reference Signal, SS, PDSCH, PBCH, PDCCH and PUSCH/PUCCH CINR and interference plots

• UL Allocated Bandwidth, UL Transmission Power)

• Best bearer plots based on PDSCH and PUSCH CINR levels

• Throughput and cell capacity per pixel plots based on PDSCH and PUSCH CINR levels• Peak RLC, effective RLC, and application channel throughputs• Peak RLC, effective RLC, and application throughputs averaged per user• Peak RLC, effective RLC, and application cell capacities• Peak RLC, effective RLC, and application aggregate cell throughputs


Fast Link Adaptation Modelling

Atoll determines, on each pixel, the highest bearer that each user can obtainNo soft handoverConnection to the best server in term of reference signal level (C)Bearer chosen according to the radio conditions (PDSCH and PUSCH CINR levels)

Process : prediction done via look-up tables


Best Server Area determination (min RSRP)

Radio Conditions estimation(PDSCH and PUSCH CINR

calculation)

Throughput&

Quality Indicator (BER and BLER)predictions

Reference Signal Level (C)evaluation

Bearer Selection

Interference Estimation

Atoll calculates PDSCH and PUSCH CINR according to:The victim traffic (PUSCH or PDSCH) power

The interfering signals impacted by:• The interferers powers• The path loss from the interferers to the victim• Antenna gain• Losses from interferers (incl. Shadowing effect and indoor losses)

The interference reduction factor applied to interfering base stations transmitting on adjacent channels (adjacent channel suppression factor)

The interference reduction factor due to interfering base stations’ traffic load

The interference reduction due to Fractional Frequency Reuse (and consequently the mutual overlap between the channel fractions of the victim and the interfering base stations)


Prediction Examples (General Studies)

Coverage by signal level(Based on reference signal power)

Number of servers(Based on reference signal power)


Prediction Examples (Dedicated Studies)


Coverage by PDSCH CINR(Isotropic receiver antenna)

Coverage by PDSCH CINR(Directional receiver antenna)

Prediction Examples (Dedicated Studies)


Coverage by PUSCH CINR(Isotropic receiver antenna)

Coverage by PUSCH CINR(Directional receiver antenna)

Radio Reception Diagnosis at a Given Point : Reception Analysis

Point Analysis Tool: Reception


Choice of UL&DL load conditions : if (Cells Table) is selected Analysis based on DL load and UL noise rise from cells table

Definition of a user-definable “probe"

receiver, indoor or notCell bar graphs (best

server at the top)

Analysis detail on reference signals,

PDSCH and PUSCH

Reference Signals,

PDSCH and PUSCH

availability (or not)

Selection of the value to be displayed (RS, SS, PDSCH,

RSRP)

Radio Interference Diagnosis at a Given Point : Interference Analysis

Point Analysis Tool: Interference


Choice of UL&DL load conditions : if (Cells Table) is selected Analysis based on

DL load and UL noise rise from cells table

Definition of a user-definable “probe"

receiver, indoor or not

Selection of the value to be displayed (RS, SS, PDSCH, RSRP)

Serving Cell(C)

Total Level of Interference

(I + N)

List of Interfering Cells

Training Programme



3. LTE Predictions




4. Frequency Plan Analysis

Channel and Physical Cell ID Search Tools

Physical Cell ID Allocation Audit

Physical Cell ID Histograms


Search Tool Overview

Tool to visualise channel and PSS ID reuse on the map

Possibility to find cells which are assigned a given :• Frequency band + channel• Physical Cell ID • PSS ID• SSS ID

Way to use this tool

Create and calculate a coverage by transmitter with a colour display by transmitter

Open the “Find on Map” tool available in the Edit menu (or directly in the toolbar )


Channel Search Tool

Channel Reuse on the Map


Colours given to transmitters• Red: co-channel transmitters

• Yellow: multi-adjacent channel (-1 and +1) transmitters• Green: adjacent channel (-1) transmitters• Blue: adjacent channel (+1) transmitters

• Grey thin line: other transmitters

Frequency band andChannel number

Resource Selection

Physical Cell ID, PSS ID and SSS ID Reuse on the Map

Physical Cell ID Search Tool

Colours given to transmitters• Red or Grey thin line: if the transmitters carries or not the specified resource value (Physical Cell ID, PSS ID

or SSS ID)


Resource Type and

Value

Resource Selection

PCI Allocation Audit (1/2)

Verification of the allocation inconsistenciesRespect of a minimum reuse distanceRespect of neighbourhood constraints (two neighbour cells must have different PCI)Respect of SSS ID allocation strategy


PCI Allocation Audit (2/2)

Audit resultsInconsistencies are displayed in the default text editor


The minimum distance constraint is fulfilled

Cells BRU010_L1 & BRU116_L2 are Neighbour cells but have been allocated

the same PCI

These 13 sites do not fulfil the SSS ID allocation strategy:

on each site, allocated PCI do not have the same SSS ID

Physical Cell ID Histograms

View of the Physical Cell ID Distribution

Dynamic pointer


Training Programme



3. LTE Predictions





Traffic modelling

Monte Carlo Simulations


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Traffic Modelling (1/2)

Traffic DataTraffic maps and subscriber lists

Various types of traffic maps:• Raster traffic maps• Vector traffic maps• Live traffic maps• Traffic density maps

Live Traffic Data

Vector Traffic Data

Raster Traffic Data

Subscribers

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Traffic Modelling (2/2)

Subscriber ListsLists of subscribers with fixed locations and specific parameters

Can be created using the mouse or imported from txt and csv files

Can be displayed on the map according to different parameters

Main parameters:• Location: X and Y coordinates• Antenna height• Azimuth and tilt (user-defined or calculated)• Serving cell (user-defined or calculated)• User profile• Terminal type

Prediction calculations can be carried outon subscribers (points)

• Predicted results include reception levels,CINR, throughputs, etc.

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Monte Carlo Simulations (1/3)

Monte Carlo SimulationsFor studying network capacity

Network behaviour under given traffic

Can be based on traffic data from traffic mapsand subscriber lists

Distribution of mobile users and services

Calculation of user parameters (CINR, power control,noise rise, resource allocation, etc.)

Scheduling and radio resource allocationbased on service priorities and scheduling methods:

• Proportional Fair• Proportional Demand• Max Aggregate Throughput

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Simulation ResultsFor each cell

• UL and DL traffic loads• UL noise rise• UL and DL aggregate cell throughputs• Traffic input and connection statistics• …

For each mobile• Serving transmitter and cell• Azimuth and tilt (towards the serving cell)• Reference signal, SCH/PBCH, PDSCH, and PUSCH signal levels• Reference signal, SCH/PBCH, PDSCH, and PUSCH CINR and interference levels• Best bearers based on PDSCH and PUSCH CINR levels• Cell throughputs, cell capacities, and user throughputs PDSCH and PUSCH CINR levels• Connection status and rejection cause• …

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Simulation Results Display

THANK YOU!

Atoll 3.1.0 LTE Light

Documents

atollsupports

application

selected analysis

carlo based

ul noise rise

lte features

ul transmission

directional