Atoll 2 7 1 Technical Overview

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Forsk 2006 AT250_CAL_E1 1

AT271_TO_E0

AT271_TO_E0

Version 2.7.1

TechnicalOverview


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Atoll Technical Overview

Forsk 2008 AT271_TO_E0 3

Contact Information

Forsk (Head Office) 7 rue des Briquetiers

31700 Blagnac

France

www.forsk.com

[email protected]

[email protected]

+33 (0) 562 74 72 10

+33 (0) 562 74 72 25

+33 (0) 562 74 72 11

Web

Sales and pricing information

Technical support

General

Technical support

Fax

Forsk (USA Office) 200 South Wacker Drive

Suite 3100

Chicago, IL 60606

USA

[email protected]

[email protected]

+1 312 674 4846

+1 888 GoAtoll

(+1 888 462 8655)

+1 312 674 4847

Sales and pricing information

Technical support

General

Technical support

Fax

Forsk (China Office) Suite 302, 3/F, West Tower,Jiadu Commercial Building,

No. 66 Jianzhong Road,

Tianhe Hi-Tech Industrial Zone,

Guangzhou, 510665

Peoples Republic of China

[email protected]

+86 20 8553 8938

+86 20 8553 8285

+86 10 6513 4559

WebInformation and enquiries

Telephone

Fax (Guangzhou)

Fax (Beijing)

Atoll 2.7.1 Technical Overview ReleaseAT271_TO_E0

Copyright 1997 2008 by Forsk

The software described in this document is provided under a licence agreement. The software may only be used orcopied under the terms and conditions of the licence agreement. No part of this document may be copied,reproduced or distributed in any form without prior authorisation from Forsk.

The product or brand names mentioned in this document are trademarks or registered trademarks of theirrespective registering parties.

About Technical Overview

Atoll is a comprehensive Windows-based multi-technology and user-friendly radio planning environment thatsupports wireless telecom operators during the whole network lifetime, from initial design to densification andoptimisation. Atoll supports the following technologies:

o GSM/GPRS/EDGE/TDMAo UMTS/HSPAo cdmaOne/CDMA2000 1xRTT and 1xEV-DO (Rel.0 and Rel.A)o TD-SCDMAo WiMAX BWAo Microwave links

This document is an overview of Atoll from a technical point of view. The first two sections present the configurationand the general features in Atoll. The three sections that follow detail the more specific features related toGSM/GPRS/EDGE, UMTS/HSPA and cdmaOne/CDMA2000 networks.
http://www.forsk.com/mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]://www.forsk.com.cn/mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]://www.forsk.com.cn/mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]://www.forsk.com/


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4 AT271_TO_E0 Forsk 2008

Document History

Date Atoll Version Comments

29thAugust 2000 Atoll 1.8 Initial document version

12thOctober 2001 Atoll 1.9 Atoll 1.9 features addition

4thAugust 2002 Atoll 2.1 Atoll 2.1 features addition

19th

November 2003 Atoll 2.2 New document format and Atoll 2.2 features addition

10thAugust 2004 Atoll 2.3 Atoll 2.3 features addition

15thJanuary 2005 Atoll 2.3.1 Atoll 2.3.1 features addition

1stAugust 2005 Atoll 2.4.0 Atoll 2.4.0 features addition

18thNovember 2005 Atoll 2.4.1 Atoll 2.4.1 features addition

13thApril 2006 Atoll 2.5.0 Atoll 2.5.0 features addition

14thAugust 2006 Atoll 2.5.1 Atoll 2.5.1 features addition

21stSeptember 2006 Atoll 2.5.2 New chapter about the WiMAX 802.16d module

10thOctober 2006 Atoll 2.5.2 Atoll 2.5.2 features addition

15thFebruary 2007 Atoll 2.6.0 WiMAX chapter updated for 802.16e

12thMarch 2007 Atoll 2.6.0 Atoll 2.6.0 features addition


1stMarch 2008 Atoll 2.7.0 Atoll 2.7.0 features addition



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Table of Contents


Table of Contents

1 Atoll Configuration....................................................................... 131.1 Atoll Modular Configuration.............................................................................................................. 13

1.2 Software Architecture ...................................................................................................................... 13

1.3 Hardware and System Environment ................................................................................................ 14

2 General Features ........................................................................ 172.1 User Interface .................................................................................................................................. 17

2.1.1 The Different User Interface Windows ....................................................................................... 17

2.1.2 Object-oriented User Interface ................................................................................................... 19

2.1.3 Object Parameters Real-time Display ........................................................................................ 19

2.2 Geographic Information System (GIS) Features.............................................................................. 20

2.2.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 20

2.2.2 High Performance Display System............................................................................................. 20

2.2.3 Data Types................................................................................................................................. 20

2.2.4 GIS File Formats ........................................................................................................................ 29

2.2.5 Worldwide Database Coordinate Systems................................................................................. 29

2.2.6 Unit Systems.............................................................................................................................. 30

2.2.7 Integrated Cartography Editors.................................................................................................. 30

2.2.8 Multi-Resolution Geographic Database...................................................................................... 31

2.3 Radio Propagation Modelling........................................................................................................... 32

2.3.1 Intelligent Calculation Engine..................................................................................................... 32

2.3.2 Multi-Resolution Support............................................................................................................ 32

2.3.3 Integrated Propagation Model Library........................................................................................ 33

2.3.4 Open Interface to External Propagation Models......................................................................... 35

2.3.5 Propagation Model Calibration................................................................................................... 35

2.3.6 Real-time Transmitter-to-Point Prediction .................................................................................. 35

2.3.7 Link Budget Analysis Tool.......................................................................................................... 36

2.4 Data Management ........................................................................................................................... 36

2.4.1 Flexible and Multi-Technology Database Model......................................................................... 36

2.4.2 External Database Import Tool................................................................................................... 37

2.4.3 Flexible Data Export/Import Tool................................................................................................ 37

2.4.4 Powerful Data Management Functions ...................................................................................... 37

2.4.5 Multi-user Support...................................................................................................................... 40

2.5 Atoll Management Console.............................................................................................................. 43

2.5.1 Overview .................................................................................................................................... 43

2.5.2 Multi-level Environment Database Administration...................................................................... 43

2.6 Outputs: Reporting, Printing and Exporting...................................................................................... 44

2.6.1 Reports Generation.................................................................................................................... 44

2.6.2 Printing up to A0 Format ............................................................................................................ 45

2.6.3 Exporting.................................................................................................................................... 45

2.7 Measurements Module (optional) .................................................................................................... 45

2.7.1 Continuous Wave (CW) Measurements..................................................................................... 45

2.7.2 Test Mobile Measurements........................................................................................................ 47

2.7.3 Measurement-based pathloss propagation matrices.................................................................. 49

2.8 Microwave Link Module ................................................................................................................... 50

2.9 The Development Toolkit ................................................................................................................. 51

2.9.1 Propagation Model API .............................................................................................................. 52

2.9.2 Automatic Frequency Planning API............................................................................................ 52

2.9.3 General API................................................................................................................................ 52

2.10 Atoll Configuration Scalability .......................................................................................................... 54

2.10.1 Stand-alone Configuration ......................................................................................................... 54

2.10.2 Multi-user: workstation based..................................................................................................... 54

2.10.3 Multi-user: Citrix Metaframe based ............................................................................................ 54

2.11 Advanced Computing Capabilities ................................................................................................... 55


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3 GSM/GPRS/EDGE/TDMA Features ........................................... 593.1 Overview.......................................................................................................................................... 59

3.2 Network Database ........................................................................................................................... 59

3.2.1 Overview .................................................................................................................................... 59

3.2.2 Antennas.................................................................................................................................... 60

3.2.3 Sites........................................................................................................................................... 60

3.2.4 Transmitters (or Cells)................................................................................................................ 61

3.2.5 Site Templates ........................................................................................................................... 62

3.2.6 Subcells ..................................................................................................................................... 633.2.7 Equipment.................................................................................................................................. 63

3.2.8 Repeaters................................................................................................................................... 65

3.3 Carrier Modelling ............................................................................................................................. 66

3.3.1 Overview .................................................................................................................................... 66

3.3.2 Support of Multi-Band Networks................................................................................................. 66

3.3.3 Support of Hierarchical Cell Structure (HCS) and Concentric Cells (CC)................................... 66

3.3.4 Support of Frequency Hopping .................................................................................................. 68

3.3.5 Downlink Power Control modelling............................................................................................. 68

3.3.6 Frequency Plan Analysis Tools.................................................................................................. 68

3.4 Traffic Modelling and Analysis ......................................................................................................... 69

3.4.1 Overview .................................................................................................................................... 69

3.4.2 Service and User Modelling ....................................................................................................... 703.4.3 Traffic Data................................................................................................................................. 72

3.4.4 Traffic Analysis (Traffic Spread and Capture) ............................................................................ 72

3.4.5 Network Dimensioning ............................................................................................................... 73

3.5 Service Planning: Prediction Studies............................................................................................... 75

3.5.1 Prediction Study Definition ......................................................................................................... 75

3.5.2 Prediction Study Types .............................................................................................................. 75

3.5.3 Prediction Studies per TRX........................................................................................................ 77

3.5.4 Prediction Studies for a Multi-Layer Network ............................................................................. 78

3.5.5 Prediction Study Reports ........................................................................................................... 79

3.5.6 Prediction Study Graphical Comparison .................................................................................... 79

3.5.7 Prediction Study Export.............................................................................................................. 80

3.5.8 Point Analysis Tool..................................................................................................................... 813.6 Neighbour Planning ......................................................................................................................... 82

3.6.1 Neighbour List Generation ......................................................................................................... 82

3.7 Mutual Interference Histogram Matrix.............................................................................................. 84

3.7.2 Interference Matrix Generation................................................................................................... 84

3.7.3 Interference Matrix Analysis....................................................................................................... 85

3.7.4 Interference Matrix Export.......................................................................................................... 86

3.8 Automatic Frequency Planning Module (optional) ........................................................................... 86

3.8.1 Overview and Principles............................................................................................................. 86

3.8.2 AFP Parameters......................................................................................................................... 87

3.8.3 AFP Outputs............................................................................................................................... 89

3.9 Interactive Frequency Planning ....................................................................................................... 89

3.10 GSM/UMTS Co-planning ................................................................................................................. 89

4 UMTS HSPA Features ................................................................ 934.1 Overview.......................................................................................................................................... 93

4.2 Network Database ........................................................................................................................... 93

4.2.1 Antennas.................................................................................................................................... 93

4.2.2 Sites........................................................................................................................................... 94

4.2.3 Transmitters............................................................................................................................... 94

4.2.4 Cells ........................................................................................................................................... 95

4.2.5 Site Templates ........................................................................................................................... 96

4.2.6 Equipment.................................................................................................................................. 96

4.2.7 Repeaters................................................................................................................................... 97

4.3 Traffic Modelling .............................................................................................................................. 99

4.3.1 Overview .................................................................................................................................... 99

4.3.2 Service and User Modelling ....................................................................................................... 99


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4.3.3 Traffic Data............................................................................................................................... 103

4.3.4 Generation of Realistic User Distributions................................................................................ 103

4.4 UMTS Monte Carlo Simulation ...................................................................................................... 103

4.4.1 Overview .................................................................................................................................. 103

4.4.2 Simulation Definition ................................................................................................................ 103

4.4.3 Power Control Simulation Algorithm......................................................................................... 103

4.4.4 Monte Carlo Simulation Management...................................................................................... 106

4.4.5 Monte Carlo Simulation Analysis and Reports ......................................................................... 107

4.5 UMTS Prediction Studies............................................................................................................... 1104.5.1 Prediction Study Definition ....................................................................................................... 110

4.5.2 Prediction Study Types ............................................................................................................ 110

4.5.3 Prediction Study Generation .................................................................................................... 110


4.5.5 Prediction Study Reports ......................................................................................................... 114

4.5.6 Prediction Study Graphical Comparison .................................................................................. 114

4.5.7 Prediction Study Export............................................................................................................ 115

4.5.8 Point Analysis Tool................................................................................................................... 115

4.6 HSPA............................................................................................................................................. 116

4.6.1 Overview .................................................................................................................................. 116

4.6.2 HSPA Modeling........................................................................................................................ 116

4.6.3 HSPA Studies .......................................................................................................................... 1164.7 Neighbour and Scrambling Code Planning.................................................................................... 117

4.7.1 Neighbour List Generation ....................................................................................................... 117

4.7.2 Scrambling Code Planning....................................................................................................... 119

4.8 Automatic Cell Planning Module (Optional) ................................................................................... 122

4.8.1 Overview and Principles........................................................................................................... 122

4.8.2 ACP Optimisation Organisation................................................................................................ 122

4.8.3 ACP Parameters ...................................................................................................................... 123

4.8.4 ACP Optimisation Results........................................................................................................ 123

4.9 GSM/UMTS Co-planning ............................................................................................................... 124

4.9.1 GSM/GPRS/EDGE and UMTS Project Sharing ....................................................................... 124

4.9.2 GSM/GPRS/EDGE and UMTS Prediction Study Comparison ................................................. 125

4.9.3 Inter-Technology Neighbour Generation.................................................................................. 126

5 cdmaOne/CDMA2000 Features................................................ 1315.1 Overview........................................................................................................................................ 131

5.2 Network Database ......................................................................................................................... 131

5.2.1 Antennas.................................................................................................................................. 131

5.2.2 Sites......................................................................................................................................... 132

5.2.3 Transmitters............................................................................................................................. 132

5.2.4 Cells......................................................................................................................................... 133

5.2.5 Site Templates ......................................................................................................................... 134

5.2.6 Equipment................................................................................................................................ 135

5.2.7 Repeaters................................................................................................................................. 135

5.3 Traffic Modelling ............................................................................................................................ 1365.3.1 Overview .................................................................................................................................. 136

5.3.2 Service and User Modelling ..................................................................................................... 136

5.3.3 Traffic Data............................................................................................................................... 141


5.4 cdmaOne/CDMA2000 Monte Carlo Simulation.............................................................................. 141

5.4.1 Overview .................................................................................................................................. 141


5.4.3 cdmaOne Power Control Simulation Algorithm........................................................................ 141

5.4.4 CDMA2000 1xRTT Power Control Simulation Algorithm ......................................................... 143

5.4.5 CDMA2000 1xEV-DO Monte Carlo Simulation Algorithm ........................................................ 145


5.4.7 Monte Carlo Simulation Analysis and Reports ......................................................................... 1485.5 cdmaOne/CDMA2000 Prediction Studies...................................................................................... 151

5.5.1 Prediction Study Definition ....................................................................................................... 151



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5.5.5 Prediction Study Reports ......................................................................................................... 156




5.6 Neighbour and PN Offset Planning................................................................................................ 158


5.6.2 PN Offset Code Planning......................................................................................................... 160

6 WiMAX BWA Features.............................................................. 1656.1 Overview........................................................................................................................................ 165

6.2 Network Database ......................................................................................................................... 166

6.2.1 Antennas.................................................................................................................................. 166

6.2.2 Sites......................................................................................................................................... 166

6.2.3 Transmitters............................................................................................................................. 167

6.2.4 Cells......................................................................................................................................... 168

6.2.5 Site Templates ......................................................................................................................... 169

6.2.6 Equipment................................................................................................................................ 169

6.3 Carrier Modelling ........................................................................................................................... 171

6.3.1 Overview .................................................................................................................................. 1716.3.2 Support of Multi-Band Networks............................................................................................... 171

6.4 Network Level Parameters............................................................................................................. 172

6.4.1 Overview .................................................................................................................................. 172

6.4.2 Frame Structure ....................................................................................................................... 172

6.4.3 Channel Configuration (WiMAX 802.16d) ................................................................................ 173

6.4.4 Frame Configurations (WiMAX 802.16e) ................................................................................. 173

6.4.5 Permutation Zones (WiMAX 802.16e)...................................................................................... 173

6.4.6 MIMO Configurations ............................................................................................................... 173

6.5 Traffic Modelling ............................................................................................................................ 174

6.5.1 Overview .................................................................................................................................. 174

6.5.2 Service and User Modelling ..................................................................................................... 174

6.5.3 Traffic Data............................................................................................................................... 1776.5.4 Subscriber Database................................................................................................................ 177


6.6 WiMAX Monte Carlo Simulation..................................................................................................... 179

6.6.1 Overview .................................................................................................................................. 179


6.6.3 Scheduling and Radio Resource Management ........................................................................ 179


6.6.5 Monte Carlo Simulation Analysis and Reports ......................................................................... 181

6.7 WiMAX Prediction Studies ............................................................................................................. 184

6.7.1 Prediction Study Definition ....................................................................................................... 184


6.7.3 Prediction Study Types ............................................................................................................ 1856.7.4 Prediction Study Reports ......................................................................................................... 193




6.7.8 Co-existence of Network Modelling.......................................................................................... 194

6.8 Neighbour and Preamble Index Planning (WiMAX 802.16e) ......................................................... 195


6.8.2 Preamble Index Planning ......................................................................................................... 196

6.9 Frequency Plan Analysis Tool ....................................................................................................... 198

6.9.1 Frequency Channel Search Tool.............................................................................................. 198


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Introduction


Introduction

Atoll is a comprehensive Windows-based multi-technology and user-friendly radio planning environment thatsupports wireless telecom operators during the whole network lifetime, from initial design to densification andoptimisation. Atoll supports the following technologies:

o GSM/GPRS/EDGE/TDMAo UMTS/HSDPAo cdmaOne/CDMA2000 1xRTT and 1xEV-DO (Rel.0 and Rel.A)o TD-SCDMA

1

o WiMAX and Broadband Wireless Access (BWA)o Microwave links

In addition to its engineering capabilities, Atoll is an open, scalable and flexible technical information system thatintegrates easily with other IT systems, increases productivity and shortens lead times. Atoll supports a full range ofimplementation scenarios, from standalone to enterprise-wide server-based configurations using distributed andparallel computing. Atoll is available and supported worldwide through a network of selected distributors who canprovide local technical and commercial support.

Atoll highlights are:

o Advanced network design features: high-performance propagation calculation engine, multi-layered and hierarchical networks supported, traffic modelling, automatic frequency/codeplanning and network optimisation. Atoll allows planning of integrated multi-technologynetworks (GSM/GPRS/EDGE, UMTS, cdmaOne/CDMA2000).

o Open and flexible architecture: Atoll supports multi-user environments through an innovativedatabase architecture that provides data sharing, data integrity management and easyintegration with other IT systems. Atoll enables integration of 3rd party or proprietary modulesthrough a set of programming interfaces (API).

o Distributed and parallel computing: Atoll allows the distribution of calculations over multipleworkstations and supports parallel computing on multi-processor servers, thus dramaticallyreducing prediction times and getting the most out of your hardware

o State-of-the-art GIS features: Atoll supports both, multi-format and multi-resolution, geographicdata and integration with GIS tools. Large, dense urban and countrywide databases aresupported and displayed interactively with multiple layers including engineering and predictionstudies. Atoll also features an integrated raster and vector editor.

This document is an overview of Atoll from a technical point of view. The first two sections present the configurationand the general features in Atoll. The following four sections detail the more specific features related toGSM/GPRS/EDGE, UMTS/HSDPA, cdmaOne/CDMA2000, and WiMAX/BWA networks.

1TD-SCDMA description will be given in future versions of this document


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List of Abbreviations

ACK AcknowledgmentAFP Automatic Frequency PlanningAPI Application Programming InterfaceASCII American Standard Code for Information InterchangeBCCH Broadcast Control CHannelBSIC Base Station Identification CodeBTS Base Transceiver StationBWA Broadband Wireless AccessCC Concentric CellCDMA Code Division Multiple AccessC/I Carrier-to-InterferenceCOM Component Object ModelCPICH Common PIlot CHannelCW Continuous WaveDL DownlinkDRC Data-Rate-ControlDTX Discontinuous TransmissionEb/Nt Energy per bit to total noise spectral density ratioEc/Io Energy per chip to noise spectral density (including useful signal) ratioEc/Nt Energy per chip to total noise spectral density ratioEDGE Enhanced Data rates for GSM EvolutionEIRP Effective Isotropic Radiated PowerEDGE Enhanced General Packet Radio SystemFCH Fundamental ChannelFWA Fixed Wireless AccessGIS Geographic Information SystemGPRS General Packet Radio ServiceGSM Global System for Mobile communicationsGUI Graphical User InterfaceHSDPA High-Speed Downlink Packet AccessHSUPA High-Speed Uplink Packet AccessHCS Hierarchical Cell StructureHSN Hopping Sequence NumberIEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronic EngineersITU International Telecommunication UnionKPI Key Performance IndicatorLOS Line Of SightMAIO Mobile Allocation Index OffsetMAL Mobile Allocation ListMUG Multi-User Gain

NLOS Non Line of SightOLEDB Object Linking and Embedding DatabaseOMC Operation and Maintenance CentreOVSF Orthogonal Variable Spreading FactorPDA Personal Digital AssistantPN Pseudo NoiseRC Radio ConfigurationRDBMS Relational Database Management SystemSDK Software Development KitSPM Standard Propagation ModelSCH Synchronisation CHannel (UMTS context) ; Supplemental Channel (CDMA2000 context)TCH Traffic CHannelTDMA Time Division Multiple AccessTMA Tower Mounted AmplifierTRX TransceiverUL Uplink

UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunication SystemW-CDMA Wideband-Code Division Multiple AccessWiMAX Wireless Interoperability for Microwave Access3G Third Generation


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Chapter 1

Atoll Confi uration


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Chapter 1: Atoll Configuration


1 Atoll Configuration

1.1 Atoll Modular ConfigurationAtoll has an open architecture, with a core module around which additional modules can be installed. Figure 1-1shows the recommended configuration for each technology. In addition to the modules developed by Forsk,additional products are available from 3rd party partners specific applications: 3D ray-tracing propagation models,

optimisation tools, application tools etc.

Figure 1-1: Atoll Technology Matrix

1.2 Software ArchitectureAtoll is built around an object-oriented architecture which complies with the Microsoft COM (Component ObjectModel) standard. An Atoll configuration is made of several COM binary components -called Atoll extensions- whichcommunicate with each other through a standardised abstract interface. This configuration is depicted in Figure 1-2.

Figure 1-2: Atoll Object Oriented Architecture

When a new Atoll extension is installed, it is automatically integrated in the configuration, and does not require anymodification in the other installed extensions.

All Atoll optional modules -3G, microwave, measurements, AFP- are implemented as extensions, as well aspropagation models, prediction studies, and data access functions.

This type of architecture provides many advantages, including:

o Better evolution capabilities, as new modules can be implemented as external extensions,o Easier maintenance and better software quality,o Integration of proprietary or 3rd party modules through public Application Programming

Interfaces (API).


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1.3 Hardware and System EnvironmentAtoll runs under Windows 2000 Professional and Windows XP.

Atoll can be configured to work in following configurations:

o Stand-Aloneo Multi-user: workstation based

Hardware/Software Minimum Recommended

Processor Intel Pentium III Intel Pentium IV or Xeon

RAM 512 MB 2 GB

Hard disk space 10 GB free hard disk spaceMore than 10 GB

(according to the geographicdatabase)

Graphics 1280 x 1024 with 64000 colours Higher

Operating System Microsoft Windows 2000 SP4 or XP SP1 (SP2 supported)

Additional Software Microsoft Office 2000 or XP

Ports 1 Parallel port (25 pins) or 1 USB port required to plug-in the licence key

o Multi-user: Citrix Metaframe based:

Hardware/Software Recommended

ProcessorXeon (or equivalent) dual processor

(Thus, each server would lodge 4 to 6 users with 2 or 3 users perperocessor.)

RAM 1 GB per user

Hard disk space150 to 200 GB(user projects)

Operating System Microsoft Windows 2003/2000 Server

Application Server Citrix Metaframe XP 1.0 FR3

For multi-user environments, the installation of one of the following Relational Database Management Systems isrequired:

o Oracle 8.1.7 and above,o Sybase Adaptive Server V11.5 and above,o Microsoft SQL Server v7 and above,o Microsoft Access.


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Chapter 2

General Features


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Chapter 2: General Features


2 General Features

2.1 User Interface

2.1.1 The Different User Interface Windows

2.1.1.1 Overview

Atoll is based on a Graphical User Interface (GUI) that complies with the Microsoft Windows standard. The userinterface is made of several windows:

o The Explorer window,o The Map window,o The Panoramic window,o Additional windows

An Atoll User Interface overview is presented in Figure 2-1.

Figure 2-1: Atoll User Interface - Main Windows

2.1.1.2 Explorer Window

The Explorer window manages all kinds of data. It comprises three tabs:

o The Data Tab manages network data and prediction studies,o The Geo Tab manages geographic data,o The Modules Tab manages propagation models, Automatic Frequency Planning Modules and

any third party module (e.g. Automatic Cell Planning Tools ).

Figure 2-2presents the Explorer window.

Explorer Window

Map Window

Panoramic Window


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Figure 2-2: The Explorer Window

Note that in the Data Tab, data are stored by type in folders. For example, sites and antennas are respectivelylocated in the Sites and Antenna folder. Within each folder, the user can create groups, selections, filters and listswhich can be defined either by a graphic selection or by a flag value. This feature is essential when managing alarge amount of data. It is detailed in section 2.4.4of this document.

2.1.1.3 Map Window

The Map window displays the Explorer window objects (network data, geographic data and predictions studies) asmultiple layers. The display properties (such as layers order, style, colour, transparency, scale, zoom level ...) areuser-defined. Numerous Map windows can be opened simultaneously, allowing the user to work with multiple views(e.g. having different zoom levels) of the same project.

2.1.1.4 Panoramic WindowThe Panoramic window displays all the area covered by the project geographic data and highlights the areadisplayed in the Map window. An example of a Panoramic window is presented in Figure 2-3.

2.1.1.5 Additional Windows

Additional windows are displayed on the screen when requested by the user. These windows are:

o The Event Viewer window which provides information when running an analysis,o The Legend window which shows the legend,o The Point Analysis window which displays real-time profile and point-to-point predictions,o The Measurement windows (CW Measurements window and Test Mobile Data window) which

present measured data information.

Figure 2-3shows the different additional windows.


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Figure 2-3: Additional Windows

2.1.2 Object-oriented User InterfaceAtoll has an object-oriented user interface that allows:

o Selecting any object either graphically on the map or through the Explorer window,o Access to all functions available for a given object type by simply right-clicking on it,o Interactive modification of object parameters (site location, sector azimuth, cell colour ) by

using the Map window.

2.1.3 Object Parameters Real-time Display

Atoll has the capability to display the parameters related to the object located under the mouse cursor in real time.This parameter list is user-definable. This feature is shown in Figure 2-4.

Atoll also enables to define object display attributes (colour, style) according to the values of a selectedparameter. An example is shown below, where antennas are displayed using a symbol based on antennabeamwidth:

Figure 2-4: Transmitters displayed according to antenna beam width

Event Viewer Window Legend Window

Point Analysis

Window

Test MobileData Window


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2.2 Geographic Information System (GIS) Features

2.2.1 Introduction

Atoll includes a Geographic Information System (GIS) that al lows managing of any digital geographical data type.These geographic data may be stored either locally on each workstation or on a shared server. The Atoll GIS isoptimised for RF planning applications.

2.2.2 High Performance Display System

A dynamic loading mechanism allows supporting large databases while maintaining high level performance fordisplay. This feature is based on the fact that a very high resolution object, when viewed on a large scale, does notrequire a lot of information. This is particularly true when objects are smaller than the pixel display size. In otherradio planning tools, the entire initial object definition is stored in memory. Therefore, loading and moving highresolution environments on a large scale may be slow. On the contrary, the Atoll GIS discards unnecessaryinformation and dynamically re-samples a lighter object. Hence, loading and moving high resolution objects is muchfaster and user-friendly. For example, this feature makes displaying and using the map of an entire countryconvenient even if the corresponding geographic database is large.

2.2.3 Data Types

Atoll supports the following data types:

o Terrain elevation data (up to 1m resolution),o Clutter class data (up to 255 classes),o Clutter height data,o 3D Building data,o Traffic data,o Raster images (e.g. satellite photos, aerial shots, scanned maps),o Vector data,o Population data,o Text Data,o Any data type (as long as its format is one of those described in section 2.2.4).

Geographic data are managed through the Explorer window Geo tab as presented in Figure 2-5. Geographic dataare displayed as layers in the Map window. Any number of layers may be managed and displayed simultaneously.

Atoll supports transparency level selection for clutter, traffic and population data. An example of a two-layer overlayis presented in Figure 2-6.

Figure 2-5: Geographic Data Management


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Figure 2-6: Clutter and Terrain Elevation Overlay

2.2.3.1 Terrain Elevation Data

Atoll supports 16-bit Terrain Elevation maps. Each Terrain Elevation map is a geo-referenced matrix that containsthe altitude value (in m) for each pixel. In a multi-resolution case, the user can specify the priority for each map.When a point is covered by different Terrain Elevation map, Atoll uses the map with the highest priority level. Figure2-7shows an example of a Terrain Elevation map.

Figure 2-7: Terrain Elevation Map Example

2.2.3.2 Clutter Class Data

Atoll supports 8-bit colour-coded clutter data. This corresponds to a maximum of 255 different classes. Each clutterclass represents a land usage type. Figure 2-8gives an example of a Clutter map.


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Figure 2-8: Clutter Classes Map

General parameters (average height and slow fading standard deviation) are to be assigned to each clutter class aspresented in Figure 2-9. Atoll also allows the user to define an indoor loss on a per clutter class basis, in order tomodel building penetration loss. Propagation model specific parameters may be entered at the propagation modellevel. This allows different propagation models to be used in the same project. Multi-layers Clutter maps aresupported with the same priority mechanism as for the Terrain Elevation maps.

Figure 2-9: General Clutter Parameters

2.2.3.3 Clutter Height DataAtoll supports 16-bit Clutter Height maps. Each Clutter Height map is a geo-referenced matrix that contains theclutter height value (in m) for each pixel. Figure 2-10shows an example of a Clutter Height map. The clutter heightdata is optional. When not available, Atoll uses the clutter height information, which is specified through the clutterclass map, as explained in section 2.2.3.2.


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Figure 2-10: Clutter Height Map

2.2.3.4 Traffic data

Atoll supports the following traffic data types:

o Traffic Raster Map,o Traffic Vector,o Live Traffic Data,o Traffic Density Map.

Different traffic layers, whatever the type, may be overlaid to describe the traffic. Furthermore, a clutter weightingfunction and an indoor/outdoor ratio can be applied to each layer in order to spread the traffic according to theclutter.

2.2.3.4.1 Traffic Raster Map

Atoll supports traffic raster maps. Each Traffic Raster map is a geo-referenced matrix that containing trafficinformation (e.g. service, user density, user mobility) for each pixel. The exact content of the traffic informationdepends on the technology. Sections 3.4, 4.3 and 5.3 further describe GSM/GPRS/EDGE, UMTS andcdmaOne/CDMA2000 raster traffic respectively. Figure 2-11provides an example of a traffic raster map.

Figure 2-11: Traffic Raster Map

2.2.3.4.2 Traffic Vector

Atoll can work with traffic data in a vector format (lines, polygons and vectors). Here, the traffic information (e.g.service, user density, user mobility) is an attribute of the vector. The exact content of the traffic information


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depends on the technology. Sections 3.4, 4.3 and 5.3 further describe GSM/GPRS/EDGE, UMTS andcdmaOne/CDMA2000 raster traffic respectively. Figure 2-12 provides an example of traffic vectors.

Figure 2-12: Traffic Vector

2.2.3.4.3 Live Traffic Data

Atoll can manipulate live traffic data. The corresponding traffic map associates different data types to each sectordepending on the modelled technology:

o UMTS and cdmaOne/CDMA2000 networks: either data throughput per service or number ofusers per service (as shown in Figure 2-13),

o GSM/GPRS/EDGE networks: either Erlang values per circuit-switched service (as depicted inFigure 2-14) or data throughput per packet-switched service.

Furthermore, for each sector, traffic is spread within the sector according to the clutter weighting function, ifspecified.

Figure 2-13: Live Traffic Data (UMTS case)

Number of Usersper Sector and perService


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Figure 2-14: Live Traffic Data (GSM/GPRS/EDGE case)

2.2.3.4.4 Traffic Density Map

Atoll supports traffic density maps. A traffic density map is a geo-referenced matrix that contains traffic densityinformation for each pixel. Circuit-switched traffic density maps are expressed in Erlangs/km 2while packet-switchedtraffic density maps are specified in kbits/s/km

2. Figure 2-15presents an example of a traffic density map.

Figure 2-15: Traffic Density Map

2.2.3.4.5 Multi-Layer Traffic Data

Different traffic maps, whether raster, vector or live data, can be overlaid. Figure 2-16shows an example of such asituation.


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Figure 2-16: Traffic Maps Overlay

2.2.3.4.6 Cumulated Traffic Maps

Different traffic maps, whatever their type (traffic raster map, traffic vector, live traffic data or traffic density map),can be combined on a pixel-by-pixel basis. Traffic map addition may be based on various criteria: service type (e.g.circuit switched or packet switched), mobility type or/and terminal type. The newly created aggregated traffic mapmay then be handled as any other traffic map.

By using this feature, the user may, for example, sum up live network traffic (existing customers) with additionalexpected traffic (predicted customer base growth). The cumulated traffic map created may then be used as a basisfor dimensioning/predicting/analysing potential network extension.

2.2.3.5 Raster Images

Atoll supports raster images such as scanned maps, aerial photos and satellite photos. An aerial photo example isdisplayed in Figure 2-17.

Figure 2-17: Raster Image

The raster image opacity and contrast can be tuned by the user.

Traffic Raster Map

Traffic Vector Map

Live Traffic Data


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2.2.3.6 Vector data

Atoll supports vector data such as:

o Multi-layered linear objects: roads, railways, airports, rivers, coastlines ...,o Liner objects or 2D polygons for traffic spreading as described in section 2.2.3.4,o 2D polygons: vector land use data,o 3D urban vector data, including building contours and heights. This information may be used

with ray-tracing propagation models.

Figure 2-18provides an example of 3D urban vector data overlaid on terrain elevation data.

Figure 2-18: 3D Building Data Overlaid on Terrain Elevation Data

2.2.3.7 Population Data

Atoll supports population data such as population figures or population densities. These data may either be in araster or a vector format. Figure 2-19provides an example of a population density map.

Figure 2-19: Population Density Map

Population information may then be used in conjunction with prediction studies when generating reports. Forexample, the report presented in Figure 2-20gives the population covered by the network for a particular region(population figures and percentages) with a per-service break-up. Refer to section 2.6.1 for further details aboutreports generation.


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Figure 2-20: Population Related Report

2.2.3.8 Text Data

Atoll is capable of handling text data. Figure 2-21provides an example where area names are displayed on the mapwindow. Other text data examples could be region names, street names, river names, site names and so on.

Figure 2-21: Text Data Display

2.2.3.9 Other Data Types

Atoll is capable of importing any data type (raster or vector) as long as it is compatible with the import formatdescribed in section 2.2.4. Data name, type and supported formats are to be specified by the user. Like any othergeographic layer, statistical functions are available for this data type. Figure 2-22gives an example of an incomemap providing raster information about the average annual salary (in $ per year).


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Figure 2-22: Annual Revenue Map (example of an other data type map)

2.2.4 GIS File Formats

Atoll is capable of working directly with numerous file formats without conversion. The different supported formatsare:

o BIL, TIFF, BMP, PlaNET format, Istar, Erdas Imagine, Vertical Mapper grc, grd and raw binaryfiles for raster data (Terrain Elevation Maps, Clutter Data, Traffic Raster Data, Scanned Maps,Population Data),

o ECW compressed image format,o ArcView TXT grid format,o PlaNET format, DXF, MIF&TAB (MapInfo), ArcView Shapefile/PRJ for vector data, population

data and text data.

Web Map Service (WMS) is supported by Atoll GIS. The maps can be located on WMS servers either on theInternet or on internal servers.

Figure 2-23 Elevation Contour Map via WMS

2.2.5 Worldwide Database Coordinate Systems

Atoll has more than 1000 coordinate systems in its database. All standard coordinate systems are supported, aswell as many regional or local systems. If necessary, the user can also create its own coordinate system.

Atoll works simultaneously with two coordinate systems:

o The Projection (or Main Coordinate System). This is the actual geographic database

coordinate system.o The Display (or Secondary Coordinate System). All geographic coordinates are displayed and

entered according to this coordinate system. If the selected Display Coordinate System differsfrom the Projection Coordinate System, Atoll makes the relevant conversion between the two.This feature allows easy integration of external data such as survey data or GPS coordinates.


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Figure 2-24depicts the Atoll Coordinate System Settings window.

Figure 2-24: Coordinate Systems Settings

2.2.6 Unit Systems

The following units are available in Atoll:

o Radiated power: ERP and EIRPo Antenna gain: dBi and dBdo Transmission: dBm, W, kWo Reception: dBm, dBv, dBv/mo Distances: meters, kilometres and miles,o

Heights and Offsets: meters and feet.

2.2.7 Integrated Cartography Editors

Vector, clutter and traffic data can be edited within Atoll.

2.2.7.1 Vector Data Editor

Atoll incorporates a vector data editor. The user can create, edit and delete polygons, lines and points. Additionaloperations (split, combine or intersect) are available for polygons. The created objects may be stored locally orintegrated into a reference geographic database. The vector data editor is presented in Figure 2-25.


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Figure 2-25: Vector Data Editor

2.2.7.2 Clutter Data Editor

Clutter data may be edited in Atoll. The user can create, edit and delete existing/new clutter data. Thesemodifications may be kept locally or integrated into a reference geographic database. Figure 2-26shows the cluttereditor dialog.

Figure 2-26: Clutter Editor

2.2.7.3 Traffic Data Editor

Atoll incorporates a traffic data editor. The user can create, edit and delete existing/new traffic data. Both trafficvector format (a traffic value is associated to a line, a polygon or a point) and traffic raster format (a traffic densityvalue is associated to each pixel) may be modified. These modifications may be kept locally or integrated into areference geographic database. Figure 2-26shows the clutter editor dialog.

2.2.8 Multi-Resolution Geographic Database

Atoll supports multiple resolutions for the geographic database. This allows, for example, the integration of high-resolution urban data (up to 1m resolution) into a medium-resolution regional or country-wide database. Figure 2-27

provides an example of a multi-resolution terrain elevation data case.


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Figure 2-27: Multi-Resolution Geographic Database

2.3 Radio Propagation Modelling

2.3.1 Intelligent Calculation Engine

Atoll is built around a grid-based calculation engine. The propagation model(s), calculation radius and calculationresolution may be defined for each transmitter (sector) as well as for any group/selection of transmitters. Thecalculation engine achieves a high level of performance thanks to the following features:

o Incremental prediction updates: before calculating pathloss matrices, Atoll detects differencesbetween the current network configuration and the previous one. Only relevant pathlossmatrices and corresponding prediction studies (coverage, interference, traffic...) are accordinglyupdated.

o Support of large networks: Atoll has a dynamic data extractor. This engine only loads andunloads the required data (geographic data and pathloss matrices) during the calculationprocess. This calculation architecture prevents memory saturation when working with largenetworks.

o Multi-resolution geographic database:multi-resolution geographic database is supported (referto section 2.2.8). Atoll generates composite path profiles during the prediction process.

o Multi-resolution prediction: Atoll is capable of dealing with different calculation resolutions fortransmitters. Each transmitter may also have two different calculation resolutions and radii.

o Interference calculation performance enhancement: cut-off values may be specified so thatinterference calculation is not performed for meaningless values. Absolute cut-off value (e.g. -120 dBm) and/or relative cut-off value (e.g. 20 dB below the desired received signal strength)may be given. Taking advantage of this functionality reduces interference calculation time.

2.3.2 Multi-Resolution Support

Calculation resolution and calculation radius are defined at the transmitter level. This enables adapting the path lossaccuracy to the transmitter location. For example, predicting coverage for a rural area populated with fewsubscribers may require less accuracy than predicting coverage for an urban area.

In Atoll each transmitter (sector) can support two pathloss matrices. Each of the two pathloss matrices has thefollowing parameters: propagation model, calculation radius and resolution (bin size). This feature allows generatinga high-resolution matrix in the transmitter service area and a lower-resolution matrix that will be used to evaluateinterference far from the transmitter. This is depicted in Figure 2-28while Figure 2-29presents the correspondingdialog window.

Regional Database

Resolution: 50 m

Urban DatabaseResolution: 20 m

Microcell DatabaseResolution: 1 m


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Figure 2-28: Multi-Calculation Resolution

Figure 2-29: Multi-Resolution Matrix Dialog Window

Each propagation model may use its own set of cartographic data. Figure 2-30shows a signal strength predictionplot for the following case:

o The near propagation model is using 1000 meters and the resolution is 10 meters.o The far propagation model is using 15000 meters and the resolution is 100 meters.

Figure 2-30: Example of dual resolution per transmitter.

2.3.3 Integrated Propagation Model Library

Atoll includes numerous propagation models for frequencies ranging from 30 MHz to 6000 MHz for mobileapplications and up to 60 GHz for microwave links and point to multipoint systems. Atoll includes the followingpropagation models in its default library:

o Okumura-Hata and Cost-Hata: These models use a modified Deygout diffraction method. Adifferent formula may be defined and edited for each clutter class. The corresponding dialogwindow is depicted in Figure 2-31.

10mResolution

100mResolution


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Figure 2-31: Hata Models Formula Definition

o Standard Propagation Model (SPM). This is a general model based on the Hatas empiricalformula with optional modifications for diffraction and clutter effects. The following diffractionmethods are supported: Deygout, Epstein-Peterson, Deygout with correction and Millington.Several effective antenna height algorithms are available including: Base Height, Spot Height,

Average, Slope, Profile and Absolute spot height. Note that an automatic tuning function isavailable for this model. The Standard Propagation Model Properties window is presented inFigure 2-32and an example of signal level calculation in Figure 2-33.

Figure 2-32: Standard Propagation Model Properties


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Figure 2-33: SPM signal level prediction using building database and indoor clutter loss

o WLL: A propagation model which has been developed for Wireless Local Loop applications.Line Of Sight (LOS) and Non Line Of Sight (NLOS) conditions are supported, as well as thedefinition of receiver height for each clutter class.

o Erceg-Greenstein (SUI): This model is particularly suitable for propagation loss calculationsbetween 1900 and 6000 MHz over distances between 100 m and 8 km. The propagation modelis suitable for WiMAX (IEEE 802.16d and 802.16e). This model uses the terrain profile,diffraction, and reflection mechanisms in order to calculate propagation.

o Sakagami Extended: This is an SPM like calibratable propagation model and it is valid forfrequencies higher than 3 GHz.

o Other propagation models: Vienna 93, IUT 370-7, IUT 526-5, ITU 529, ITU 1546-2 and modifiedLongley-Rice.

2.3.4 Open Interface to External Propagation Models

Atoll open architecture supports integration of external propagation models. An Application Programming Interface(API) and a Software Development Kit (SDK) facilitate a full and easy integration of external propagation modelswithin Atoll. The SDK is a set of development tools for the Microsoft C++ development environment. Please refer tosection 2.9.1for further information.

2.3.5 Propagation Model Calibration

Atoll is capable of importing and post-processing measured data. The Standard Propagation Model (SPM) may becalibrated automatically thanks to the Measurement Module. Please refer to section 2.7for further information.

2.3.6 Real-time Transmitter-to-Point Prediction

Atoll includes a transmitter to point prediction tool that provides the user with a real-time prediction between aselected transmitter and the mouse pointer. Once activated, the Point Analysis window presents the path profile aswell as miscellaneous propagation parameters such as: distance, altitude, clutter type, received signal strength,shadow margin, loss per diffraction, Fresnel zone etc.

Figure 2-34: Point Analysis Window


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2.3.7 Link Budget Analysis Tool

Atoll offers an integrated link budget analysis tool. For each transmitter, the user can view the link budget statistics(distance, power, EIRP, receiver gain, path loss, shadowing margin and signal level) for the selected receiverlocation. Figure 2-35shows a link budget example.

Figure 2-35: Link Budget Analysis Tool

2.4 Data Management2.4.1 Flexible and Multi-Technology Database Model

2.4.1.1 Project Template

Atoll database is made up of a set of tables that describes the network. When starting a new project, the userselects a template and Atoll generates a database structure accordingly. Templates define not only the datastructure but also the default settings and initialisation parameters such as frequency bands, antenna database,propagation model parameters Templates may be edited, created or deleted by the user. The default templatelist is shown in Figure 2-36.

Figure 2-36: Default Template List

2.4.1.2 Database Structure

For each project, the database is initialised according to the selected template. A basic configuration includes thefollowing tables:

o The configuration table,o The antenna table,o The site tableo The transmitter table.

Additional tables may be created according to the selected template.


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2.4.1.3 Database Structure Customization

User-defined fields/flags may be integrated in the database structure. Any table may be customised in this manner.This feature facilitates a smooth migration of a previously used database. A customisation example is presented inFigure 2-37.

Figure 2-37: Database Structure Customisation

Note that new fields may also be added to a template. This enables their automatic integration to new projectsbased on that template.

2.4.2 External Database Import Tool

Atoll enables the import of external databases (sites, antennas ). This may be performed in three different ways:

o Direct import of ASCII or csv format files,o Full database import/export using XML files,o Direct import of PlaNET format files,o Import through a user-defined tool. This tool may be developed using the Atoll Developer

Toolkit. Refer to section 2.9for further details.

2.4.3 Flexible Data Export/Import Tool

A flexible user-configurable Export/Import tool extends the import/export capabilities of Atoll presented in section2.4.2. Any Atoll database table can be exported/imported to/from an ASCII format file. This functionality includesparameter tables (e.g. sites, transmitters, antennas, terminals, traffic ) as well as output tables (e.g. UMTS MonteCarlo simulations, GSM/GPRS/EDGE traffic capture ). This export capability enables, for example, external

archiving and/or further processing of simulation results in a third party software.

2.4.4 Powerful Data Management Functions

A set of data management features allows the user to easily manipulate large amounts of data.

2.4.4.1 Site/Transmitter Creation and Editing

Different options are possible when creating a site/transmitter:

o Placing the site/transmitter directly on the map using the station drop tool. This allows thecreation of multi-sectored stations in a one-step operation,

o Entering the parameters in the site/transmitter window,

o Importing external data (ASCII or Excel format).

Atoll is capable of listing all the sites/transmitters along with all their parameters in a single table. An extract from aTransmitter Table is presented in Figure 2-38. Such a table provides convenient editing of the site parameters.


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Figure 2-38: Transmitters Table (extract only)

2.4.4.2 Site/Transmitter Selection

Sites/transmitters may be selected either graphically on the map window or through the Explorer window. A FindSite tool is also available in Atoll enabling an easy access to a particular site.

2.4.4.3 Site/Transmitter Grouping

Sites/Transmitters may be grouped by any of their parameters. Grouping can be performed in two different ways:

o Directly through the Site/Transmitter folder,o Through a query function as shown in Figure 2-39. In this case, multiple grouping criteria may

be combined.

Figure 2-39: Transmitter Grouping Query Function

Figure 2-40gives an example of a GSM transmitter folder grouped in three different ways.

Figure 2-40: Transmitter Grouping Example


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2.4.4.4 Site/Transmitter Filtering

Sites/Transmitters may be filtered by any of their parameters. Only the filtered sites/transmitters will be taken intoaccount in coverage study predictions. Filtering can be performed in three different ways:

o Graphically, using a user-drawn polygon as shown in Figure 2-41,o Directly, using the site/transmitter table as presented in Figure 2-42,o Through a query function, in a similar manner to the Grouping option (refer to section 2.4.4.3).

In this case, multiple filtering criteria may be combined.

Figure 2-41: Site Filtering Using a User-Drawn Polygon

Figure 2-42: Site Filtering Through Table (Extract Only)

2.4.4.5 Site/Transmitter Sorting

Sites/Transmitters may be sorted by any of their parameters. Sorting can be performed in two different ways:

o Directly, by using the site/transmitter table in a similar way to the Filtering option (refer tosection 2.4.4.4),

Filtered Sites

User-DrawnMultiple Polygons


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o Through a query function, in a similar way to the Grouping option (refer to section 2.4.4.3). Inthis case, multiple sorting criteria may be combined.

2.4.4.6 Site Lists

Static site lists may be created, edited and deleted in Atoll. Import and Export functions are also available. Figure 2-43shows the dialog window of the site list management.

Figure 2-43: Site List Management

2.4.4.7 User Configuration

Project configuration may be exported and/or imported. This enables sharing a user-defined project configurationamong different projects from the same user or from different users. A user configuration file is made up of thefollowing information (or only a subset of it):

o Geographic Data Set: geographic data location paths and display properties,o Computation Zone: polygon defining the computation zone,o Folder Configuration: the way folders are configured in the Explorer window,o Automatic Neighbours Allocation Parameterso Automatic Scrambling Code Allocation Parameters ( UMTS projects only).o Study Definition: all study prediction parameters (calculation resolution, display properties),o Macros: location path for any macros/add-ins used in the given project.

Figure 2-44shows the dialog window of the User Configuration Export function.

Figure 2-44: User Configuration File Export

2.4.5 Multi-user Support

2.4.5.1 OverviewAtoll supports multi -user configuration by using a Relational Database Management System (RDBMS). SupportedRDBMS are:


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o Oracle 8.1.7 and above,o Sybase Adaptive Server V11.5o Microsoft SQL Server,o Microsoft Access.

A typical multi-user configuration is presented in Figure 2-45. It includes:

o Several Atoll workstations ando An RDBMS typically installed on a Windows or UNIX server.

Figure 2-45: Example of Multi-User Configuration

Note that geographic database may be stored on the same server (as shown in Figure 2-45) or locally on eachworkstation.

2.4.5.2 Shared Data Type

The following information may be shared between users:

o Units and coordinate systems,o Radio data (sites, antenna, transmitters ),o Resources (frequencies ),o Traffic data structure,o Propagation models,o Neighbours,o Geographic Data paths and descriptions,o Prediction Study list and definition,o Folder configurationo Computation zones,o Path loss matrices,o Coverage plots.

2.4.5.3 User Management

User privileges are defined on the database side and taken into account by Atoll thanks to the OLE DB connectionbetween the reference database and the Atoll documents. Atoll manages access to the database at the field level.This means that different user rights may be specified for different fields of a single record. For example, it ispossible to give one user the right to modify transmitter radio parameters (antenna type, azimuths ) while notallowing him to modify frequency channel allocations.

2.4.5.4 Database Management

Atoll includes a database management system. This function enables users to control data integrity and toconsolidate work between users.

Users work with local workspaces (Atoll projects) linked to a reference database. Local workspaces are typicallyinitialised by uploading the reference database. Atoll does not require a permanent connection between the local

workspaces and the reference database. This enables users to:

o Easily manage multiple what if scenarios ando Work in a non-connected mode (e.g. in the field with a laptop) with an automatic

synchronisation with the reference database at reconnection.


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Data exchange between the local workspaces and the reference database are dealt by:

o The Archive function: updating the reference database with the modifications,o The Refresh function: refreshing the Atoll document with the reference database.

When using the Archive function Atoll automatically generates the list of modifications, which then may or may notbe committed. Figure 2-46gives such an example. In addition details of each modification may be edited as shownin Figure 2-47. Change report can be generated when refreshing from the central database to see what are thechanges made by other users since the last project update.

Figure 2-46: Database Archive: Automatic Changes List Generation (extract only)

Figure 2-47: Database Archive: Detailed Changes Display

2.4.5.5 Conflict Detection and Resolution

Atoll is capable of automatically detecting conflicts between users. This is the case when different users want to

modify the same data. Atoll also includes a set of functions that allows the user or administrator to resolve theconflict. Figure 2-48gives a conflict management example.


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Figure 2-48: Multi-User Conflict Detection and Resolution

2.5 Atoll Management Console

2.5.1 OverviewThe Atoll Management Console facilitates the manipulation of Atoll databases, project templates and administrationconfiguration files. This tool enables the administrator to:

o Administrate and consolidate data in a multi -level environment where regional and nationwidedatabases are involved as presented in section 2.5.2,

o Upgrade Atoll databases between different Atoll versions through a simple and fast userinterface,

o Define a set of properties (e.g. permission to access some data only, permission to savechanges, etc) for any windows user group.

These different functionalities are available through easy-to-use stepwise procedures that has been simplified usingGUI wizard. Such a GUI wizard example is presented in Figure 2-49.

Figure 2-49: Atoll Management Console GUI Wizard Example

2.5.2 Multi-level Environment Database Administration

The Atoll Management Console enables data administration in an Oracle or MS SQL server database multi-levelenvironment. It brings an additional level of data integrity control and security. A typical scenario, that includes aNationwide database (the master database) and several Regional databases, is depicted in Figure 2-50.


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Figure 2-50: Multi-Level Environment Database Management

Each Regional database remains managed as described in section 2.4.5. In a particular region, users works withlocal workspaces (Atoll projects) linked to their Regional database.

All regional databases are linked to the Nationwide database. Regional databases are typically initialised byuploading the relevant portion of the Nationwide database using the Atoll Management Console filtering/selectingcapabilities.

Data exchange between Regional databases and the Nationwide database are dealt by:

o The Archive function: updating the Nationwide database with the regional modifications,o The Refresh function: refreshing the selected Regional databases with the Nationwide

database. The corresponding dialog window is shown in Figure 2-51.

Figure 2-51: Atoll Management Console Refresh Function

2.6 Outputs: Reporting, Printing and Exporting

2.6.1 Reports Generation

Atoll is capable of generating reports for a particular user-defined zone: the focus zone. This report containsstatistical information (surface, traffic and clutter information) related to the selected prediction plot. Custom reportsare also available using the Atoll macros/scripting capabilities. Figure 2-52gives an example of a focus zone reportfor a displayed Pilot Reception Analysis (Ec/Io) plot.

Figure 2-52: Focus Zone Report

Note that typically the focus zone is different from the calculation zone. Atoll distinguishes focus zone (report zone)from calculation zone (zone for which the prediction study calculation is performed). This enables the user toexclude undesired sites from the report results. This may be the case, for example, for sites located at the border of


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the calculation zone. Figure 2-53gives an example of such a situation where the user does not want to includeborder sites in his report.

Figure 2-53: Computation Zone and Focus Zone

2.6.2 Printing up to A0 Format

Atoll supports all plotters/printers which have a driver for Windows NT 4.0, 2000 or XP. All formats up to A0 arehandled. The area to be printed can be graphically defined in the map window. Other parameters such as legendposition, legend content, scale... are also user-definable. Atoll prints the layers which are defined as visible anddisplayed in the Map window. Multiple transparency levels are supported.

2.6.3 Exporting

Atoll includes numerous export functions enabling a smooth interface with other software tools. Reports may beexported in ASCII, Excel and Access formats. Coverage prediction studies may be exported in raster image formats(BIL, TIF, and BMP) as well as in vector formats (MapInfo and ArcView).

2.7 Measurements Module (optional)Thanks to the Measurements Module, Atoll is capable of processing two different measured data types:

o Continuous Wave (CW) Data. A continuous wave transmitter is set up for the data collectioncampaign. Drive tests are then performed by collecting signal strength data coming from thistransmitter. Such a set of data is typically used for propagation mode calibration,

o Test Mobile Data. A test mobile is used on a live network (or a live site at least). Test calls areperformed and all relevant information is recorded. This typically includes signal strength and

signal quality values for the best server and any neighbour as well as all messages exchangedbetween the mobile and the network. Such a set of data is typically used for radio networkoptimization purposes.

2.7.1 Continuous Wave (CW) Measurements

CW measurements may be imported, post-processed, analysed, displayed and used for propagation model tuningin Atoll.

2.7.1.1 CW Data Import

Atoll allows importing Continuous Wave (CW) measured data. Different survey paths can be simultaneously loadedinto a project. During the import process, the corresponding transmitter ID and frequency are assigned to each ofthe survey files. Formats supported are: Excel, ASCII, Planet as well as any ASCII or csv based formats (such asGrayson, Chase ). Furthermore, Atoll is capable of saving the file import characteristics for future convenientreuse.

Computation Zone(Prediction Study Calculation Area)

Focus Zones(Report Zone)

8/10/2019 Atoll 2 7 1 T

Atoll 2 7 1 Technical Overview

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