ATMOSPHERE REVIEW

ATMOSPHERE REVIEW

Physical Oceanography

Ted Talks

Major Oceans

• The three major oceans are : 1._______-largest, deepest, coldest, least salty. 2.__________- second largest, shallow, warm, salty. 3. _________- intermediate in depth, temperature, and salinity.

• The _______Ocean near the north pole, and the ____________ Ocean near the south pole contain vast expanses of sea ice.

PacificAtlantic

Indian

ArcticAntarctic

Methods of Studying the Ocean

The Topex/Poseidon _____________ orbits 1331 km above the Earth, gathering information about the oceans.

_____________ maps ocean floor topography by timing how long it takes sound waves to bounce off the ocean floor.

Underwater vessels called _________________ investigate the deepest ocean trenches.

satellite

Sonar

submersibles

Sonar (also called echo-sounding)• Sound waves travel

how fast in seawater?

• How deep is the water if it takes ten seconds for the sound wave to go from ship to ocean floor and back to ship?

1,454 m/s

7,270 mCalculation: (10 s times 1,454 m/s divided by 2 )

Bathymetric Maps: Map the topography of the ocean floor

• The picture below is of a _____________.submersible

SalinityThe amount of salt per unit water is known as

salinity.

The average salinity of seawater is _____ ppt. Therefore, for every 1,000 ml water, there are ___ grams of dissolved salts.

The most abundant salt in seawater is ________, but there are many other salts present in the form of ions.

Near the equator salinity is __________ than average due to ___________________.Near the poles salinity is __________ than average due to _______________.In the Mediterranean the salinity is __________than average due to __________.

NaCl

3535

lowergreater precipitation lowermelting sea ice higher

evaporation

10 Extraordinary Plants

The salinity here would likely be:

A. 35 pptB. 34 pptC. 36 ppt

Colorful Seawater• What makes the

ocean water in the picture to the left different colors?

• Why would a shrimp that appears bright red at the surface appear black at greater depths, and why might this be beneficial?

differences in depth

Longer (red) wavelengths are absorbed before reaching deep water. Shrimp can hide and not become a meal.

Label the three ocean layers in the diagram below.

Surface layer

Thermocline

Bottom layer

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

0 4 8 12 16 20 24

SemidiurnalMixedDiurnal

Tides: due to the MOON

Label the key with the correct tide cycle names:semidiurnal mixed

diurnal

Match the following terms to their correct letter in the diagram:

A

B

C

D

E

D

F

G

H

IslandContinental shelfContinental slopeAbyssal plainSeamountContinental riseTrenchGuyot

Seafloor Topography

A.B.

C.

D.

E.

F.

G.

H.

Surface currents: due to wind

Deep ocean currents: due to differences in density (salinity)

Upwelling : current that brings food (algae and plankton from the bottom of the ocean to the top of the ocean)

Label the wave diagram below with the following terms: wavelength, waveheight, trough, crest

Ocean Movements: from wind

trough

crest

wavelength

waveheight

Listed below are some of the major surface currents. The force which generates these currents is ____________.wind

El NINO: warming of the pacific ocean

LA NINA: Cooling of the pacific ocean

David Gallo