Athropods “arthros”“pod” “jointed” “foot”. Reigners and rulers of the world 4 make up over three quarters of the animal kingdom.

Athropods

“arthros” “pod”

“jointed” “foot”

Reigners and rulers of the world make up over three quarters of

the animal kingdom

Exoskeleton chitinous exoskeleton (a cuticle

secreted by underlying epidermis that contains chitin) chitin is a polysacchride also found in the cell walls of fungi

the exoskeleton serves as an armor to protect the soft body of the insect, as well as to aid in mobility

this outside skeleton must be shed periodically as the athropod grow the shedding is called “ecdysis”

Paired Jointed Appendages

Jointed appendanges well developed sense organs

Metamorphosis growth accompanied by

ecdysis (molting) of the exoskeleton, can become 33% larger than before the shed

Can grow by complete or incomplete metamorphosis

Complete Metamorphosis

Incomplete Metamorphosis

Open Circulatory System open circulatory system that contains the blood

(hemolymph)

Reproduction sexes are separate

(dioecious)

parthenogenesis occurs in some species (such as bees, wasps and termites)

Crustaceans two pairs of antennae

pair of mandibles,

pair of compound eyes (usually on stalks)

two pair of maxillae on their heads, followed by a pair of appendages on each body segment The appendages are primitively branched (biramous), and although this condition is modified in many species, adults always have at least some biramous appendages.

Crustaceans respire via gills.

Arachnids 4 pairs of walking legs “pedipalps” or “foot

feelers” feeding appendages

called chelicerae mostly predators and

parasites

Diplopods 2 pairs of legs per

segment Round superficially

segmented body herbivore/scavenger secretes acid at

posterior end

Chilopods 1 pair of legs per

segment Flat segmented body Has posterior poison

gland and anterior jaws

carnivores

Merostomata large shield that covers the

cephalothorax.

compound eyes are reduced.

second pair of appendages, the pedipalps, resemble walking legs.

They have a long, spike-like appendage called a telson that projects from the rear of their bodies.

Respiration is via book gills.

Entomology--> the study of Insects Insects are the most

numerous form of animal life on the planet. Close to 80% of all animal species humans have described are insects. There are over 300,000 known species of beetles -- just one type of insect

Body Plan

head (antennae, compound eyes, feeding appendages)

thorax (wings, 6 legs)

abdomen (ovipositor)

Insect Classification Odonata (dragonflies and damselflies)

Orthoptera (grasshoppers, crickets, katydids)

Isoptera (termites)

Hemiptera (true bugs,cicadas, aphids, scale insects)

Dictyoptera (roaches, mantids)

Coleoptera (beetles)

Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths)

Diptera (flies)

Siphonaptera (fleas)

Hymenoptera (ants, bees, wasps)

Harmful Insects Pests, vectors of pathogens, crop eaters, sting, bite

Beneficial Insects Pollination, honey, silk, food (entomophagy), biological

control, designer genes

References The Wonderful World of Insects :

http://www.earthlife.net/insects/six01.html University of Kentucky “Bug Food”

http://www.uky.edu/Agriculture/Entomology/ythfacts/bugfood/bugfood.htm

MiniBeast Museum: http://members.aol.com/YESedu/mainmenu.html

Arthropoda Lesson: www.kent.wednet.edu/.../sci_class/ chap14/arthropod.html